Search

Key to species of Geostachys in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam 1. Inflorescence decurved; flower-bearing branches secund; flowers yellow..................................................................... G. pierreana - Inflorescence erect; flower-bearing branches evenly distributed around the rachis; flowers white, or white with labellum and stamen spotted with dark pink to red..................................................................................................................................................2 2. Flowers plain white with no spotting (Laos)........................................................................................................................... G. sp. A - Flowers white, labellum and stamen spotted dark pink to red...........................................................................................................3 3. Leaf sheaths and ligules plain green; apices of bracts, bracteoles and calyx lobes prominently aristate or mucronate.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. G. aristata - Leaf sheaths spotted or reticulate with dark red, ligules dark red; apices of bracts, bracteoles and calyx lobes round or obtuse with no prominent aristae..................................................................................................................................................... G. annamensis, Published as part of Leong-Škorničková, Jana, Bình, Nguyén Qu ốc, Đăng, Tr ần H ữu, Trư ờng, Lưu H ồng & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2023, A revision of Geostachys (Zingiberaceae: Alpinioideae) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, including a new species, G. aristata, pp. 245-260 in Phytotaxa 585 (4) on page 246, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.585.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7703837

Geostachys aristata Škorničk., Q.B.Nguyen & H.Đ.Tr ẫn, sp. nov. (Fig. 1, 3, 4) Diagnosis: —Similar to G. annamensis in the overall habit and erect inflorescences composed of 2–3-flowered cincinni of white flowers with labellum and stamen spotted with dark pink to red, but differs from the latter species by the green leaf sheaths and ligules (vs leaf sheaths with dark red reticulation and dark red ligules), most often longer petioles (5–30 mm vs 1–7 mm long), bracts and bracteoles greenish (vs white tinged pink) with prominently aristate (vs round) apices, calyx lobes prominently mucronate with mucros 2–5 mm long (vs calyx lobes blunt, with apices less than 1 mm long), labellum with crimson spots extending to the margin (vs with crimson spots and lines limited to the centre), and longer anther crest (5–6 mm vs 2–3 mm long). Type: — VIETNAM. Kon Tum province: Kon Plông district, Xã Hiḗu commune, 14°38’58.3”N 108°24’57.3”E, 1209 m, 24 April 2012, J. Leong-Škorničková, Q.B. Nguyễn, H.Đ. Trǻn & E. Záveská JLS-1561 (holotype SING: SING0197751! [including flowers preserved in spirit]; isotypes E [mounted over two sheets E00666509! & E00666510!], P [mounted over two sheets P00840190! & P00840191!], PR!, VNMN! [including flowers preserved in spirit]). Clump-forming herb up to 2 m tall. Rhizome supported up to 40 cm above the ground by stilt roots, sheathed by dry brown scales, internally cream white. Leafy shoots with 7–12 leaves per pseudostem, bladeless at basal 1/3; bladeless sheaths 4–6, most basal (outermost) sheaths very short, dry and brown, inner sheaths distally gradually longer, green, abaxially pubescent, with a prominent hyaline margin (more prominent in dry material); leaf sheaths green, pubescent abaxially along the centre, glabrescent towards margin, margin hyaline (more prominent in dry material), basally glabrous or nearly so, distally pubescent; ligule 2–6 mm long, apex round (rarely obscurely bilobed), green, glabrous at base, pubescent at margin (glabrescent with age); petiole ca. 5–30 mm long, shallowly canaliculate, green, adaxially more or less glabrous, abaxially pubescent; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 23–47 cm long, 8–9 cm wide, adaxially green, sparsely hirsute, abaxially paler green, more densely hirsute, base obtuse to round, apex prominently acuminate, midrib adaxially sunken, pale green to green, mostly glabrous, abaxially protruding, pale green, densely hirsute. Inflorescence radical, erect; peduncle ca. 15 cm long, covered by 8–13 sheathing bracts; sheathing bracts distichous, broadly to narrowly ovate, overlapping, basal ones shorter, tightly appressed to the peduncle, distal 5–6 significantly larger and puffed, basal ones soon becoming brown and papery, distal ones green, adaxially glabrous, abaxially shortly pubescent, glabrescent on sides, margin hyaline (more prominent in dry material); thyrse dense, many-flowered; rachis 7–10 cm long, bright green, glabrous to sparsely hirsute, shortly branched; bracts elliptic, slightly ovate or slightly obovate, 20–40 mm long (excluding the mucro), 8–18 mm wide, aristate to mucronate (mucro 3–7 mm long), semi-translucent pale green, glabrous, each subtending cincinnus of 2–3 flowers on 2–5 mm long branch; branches evenly distributed around rachis, of the same colour and indumentum as rachis; bracteoles elliptic, slightly ovate or slightly obovate, 10–20 mm long (excluding the mucro), 5–15 mm wide, aristate to mucronate (mucro 1–4 mm long), semi-translucent pale green, glabrous. Flower ca. 6 cm long, gullet-type; pedicel 1–2 mm long, green, glabrous; calyx tubular, ca. 22 mm long, with a dorsal unilateral incision ca. 10–11 mm from apex, apex 3-lobed, lobes prominently mucronate (mucro 2–5 mm long), semi-translucent pale green (slightly darker at mucro), glabrous; floral tube ca. 23 mm long, externally white and glabrous, internally white at base, pale pink distally, with glandular hair; dorsal corolla lobe ovate with prominently sharply mucronate apex, ca. 32 mm long (including ca. 7 mm long mucro), ca. 19 mm wide, white, glabrous; lateral corolla lobes ovate with obtuse apex, ca. 23 mm long, ca. 19 mm wide, white, glabrous; labellum obovate, 35–40 mm long, 30–40 mm wide (50–60 mm if inclusive of staminodes), apex bilobed with incision 5–7 mm long, white with narrow white median, tinged pink at the sides of median fading white towards the margins, covered (except the median) with mixture of dark pink to red spots and larger blotches extending all the way towards the margins, adaxially with white glandular hair in the centre, abaxially glabrous; lateral staminodes irregularly obovate, ca. 25 mm long, ca. 20 mm wide, connate to labellum in basal 2/3, white with a mixture of dark pink to red small spots and larger blotches extending all the way towards the margins; stamen 20–22 mm long (including crest); filament 6–7 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, dorso-ventrally compressed, tinged pink to red, with red spots distally, mostly glabrous with occasional short glandular hair; anther 13–15 mm long (including crest); connective pale yellow with red spots, mostly glabrous with occasional short glandular hair dorsally; crest 5–6 mm long, semi-circular, crenulate, white with deep pink to red spots, glabrous; anther thecae 7 mm long, dehiscing through the entire length; ovary trilocular with central placentation, ellipsoid, 5–5.5 mm long, 3–4 mm in diam., pale green, glabrous; epigynous glands two, ca. 2.5 mm long, 1–1.5 mm in diam., enveloping the base of style, ochraceous; style white, turning pink near stigma, glabrous; stigma capitulate, deep pink to red; ostiole transverse, forward-facing, ciliate. Fruit subglobose to oblate hesperidium with three shallow longitudinal grooves, 15–20 mm in diam., bright green, glabrous, with persistent calyx; seeds 3.5–5 mm long, 2.5–4 mm in diam. (measurements include aril), dark brown, each fully enclosed in semi-translucent white juicy aril. Etymology:— The specific epithet of G. aristata refers to the prominently aristate to mucronate apices of bracts, bracteoles and calyx lobes which readily distinguish the new species from the morphologically closest G. annamensis. Distribution & IUCN preliminary assessment:— Endemic to central Vietnam. This species is known from one historical and three recent collections spanning over three provinces (Ðà Nẵng, Kon Tum and Quảng Nam). The EOO is estimated at 4603 km 2, AOO is estimated at 16 km 2. The forested area in Kon Tum province, Kon Plông district (the type location) is not under any legal protection, and the type population, which has less than 10 observed adult individuals, is small enough to be affected by stochastic events such as a tree falls. Similar situation has been observed at both locations in Quảng Nam province, Tây Giang district, with none of the locations legally protected and occurrence of adult individuals being rare and sporadic. No information is available about populations at Bà Nà hills (Ðà N ẵng province). Although with the existence of suitable habitats in adjacent areas this species possibly inhabits adjacent locations, the vast majority of Geostachys species are considered hyper-endemic to their respective type localities (Lau et al. 2007) and therefore the total distribution area of each species is not expected to be large. Moreover, since the forests inhabited by the three recently known populations (one in Kon Plông and two in Tây Giang) are not within any protected areas (such as National Park or Nature Reserve), they are known to suffer from clearing for the agricultural use of the land. We therefore propose to treat this species provisionally under the category of Endangered (EN) (B1, B2a,b(iii)). Ecology & phenology:— Growing on slopes in slightly disturbed montane evergreen broadleaved primary forest, at elevations of 800–1500 m a.s.l. Flowering of the population in Kon Tum province was observed in April and is likely to continue into May. The fruiting of the populations in Quảng Nam province was observed in August and October, while the fruiting specimen from Bà Nà hills (Ðà Nẵng province) is dated from July. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— VIETNAM. Ðà Nẵng province-level municipality: Annam, Bana près Tourane [Mount Bà Nà], 1500 m, 17 July 1923, E. Poilane 7227 (P: P02203166, fruiting); Qu ảng Nam province: Tây Giang district, A Xan commune, 15°48’34”N 107°18’43”E, 1155 m, 26 October 2017, H.Đ. Trǻn & H.C. Nguyễn TG639 (SGN, fruiting); Tây Giang district, Tr’Hy commune, 15.84449°N 107.41179°E, 816 m, 10 August 2018, M.T. Đặng TG1061 (SGN, fruiting). Notes: —This species is readily recognisable in the field by its very showy dense inflorescences. The semitranslucent greenish somewhat crenate bracts and bracteoles with aristate or mucronate apices give it almost ‘fluffy’ appearance. It is unfortunate that this beautiful species is unlikely to do well in cultivation (based on the general knowledge about the genus: Leong-Škorničková & Newman 2015), as most of the stilt-rooted ginger species require conditions of fairly undisturbed primary forest to grow well. While the colour differences of the pseudostem and ligules outlined in the diagnosis are helpful only in identification of living material, the difference in morphology of bracts, bracteoles and calyces, as well as prominent hyaline margins on leaf sheaths and sheathing bracts, and wider leaf blades, makes this species easy to recognise even in dry herbarium material. Although G. aristata is morphologically most similar to G. annamensis, it is also similar to two Thai species, G. smitinandii K. Larsen (2001: 17) and G. tratensis Picheansoonthon & Mayoe (2011: 133), and three species from Peninsular Malaysia, G. leucantha B.C. Stone (1980: 77), G. megaphylla Holttum (1950: 228) and G. montana (Ridley 1909: 78) Holttum (1950: 229). All these species share characters of erect inflorescences with flowers evenly arranged around the rachis, and flowers predominantly coloured white with some pink spotting and/or lines. The aristate apices of bracts and bracteoles, as well as mucronate calyx lobes distinguish G. aristata from all of these species., Published as part of Leong-Škorničková, Jana, Bình, Nguyén Qu ốc, Đăng, Tr ần H ữu, Trư ờng, Lưu H ồng & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2023, A revision of Geostachys (Zingiberaceae: Alpinioideae) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, including a new species, G. aristata, pp. 245-260 in Phytotaxa 585 (4) on pages 250-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.585.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7703837, {"references":["Lau, K. H., Lim, C. K. & Mat-Salleh, K. (2007) Materials for a taxonomic revision of Geostachys (Baker) Ridl. (Zingiberaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 59 (1 & 2): 129 - 138. [https: // www. nparks. gov. sg / sbg / research / publications / gardens' - bulletinsingapore / - / media / sbg / gardens-bulletin / 4 - 4 - 59 - 1 - 2 - 13 - y 2007 - v 59 - p 1 - p 2 - gbs-pg- 129. ashx]","Leong-Skornickova, J. & Newman, M. F. (2015) Gingers of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, in association with Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden, Singapore, 229 pp.","Larsen, K. (2001) Geostachys smitinandii K. Larsen (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 29: 17 - 22. [https: // li 01. tci-thaijo. org / index. php / ThaiForestBulletin / article / view / 24865]","Picheansoonthon, C. & Mayoe, J. (2011) Geostachys tratensis (Zingiberaceae): A new species from Eastern Thailand. Journal of Japanese Botany 86: 133 - 138. [http: // www. jjbotany. com / pdf / JJB _ 086 _ 133 _ 138 _ abstract. pdf]","Stone, H. C. (1980) Additions to the Malayan flora. N. 7. A new Geostachys (Zingiberaceae) from Gunung Ulu Kali, Pahang. Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Science 6 (A): 75 - 81.","Holttum, R. E. (1950) The Zingiberaceae of the Malay Peninsula. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 13: 224 - 236. [https: // www. nparks. gov. sg / sbg / research / publications / gardens' - bulletin-singapore / - / media / sbg / gardens-bulletin / 4 - 4 - 13 - 0 - 01 - y 1950 - v 13 - gbs-pg- 1. ashx]","Ridley, H. N. (1909) The flora of the Telom and Padang valleys. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 4: 1 - 98. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 62879 # page / 13 / mode / 1 up]"]}

Geostachys pierreana Gagnepain (1906a: 147) (Fig. 1, 5, 6) Type: — Country unknown [S. Vietnam, Cambodia or Thailand], 1865–1877, J.B.L. Pierre 5851 (lectotype, designated here, P: P00686635!; isolectotypes P: P00686634! and P032698!; flowering). Clump-forming herb up to 1 m tall. Rhizome supported by stilt roots, sheathed by dry brown scales. Leafy shoots with 6–13 leaves per pseudostem, bladeless at basal 1/3; bladeless sheaths 2–6; most basal (outermost) sheaths very short, soon becoming dry and brown, inner sheaths distally gradually longer, green with reddish tinge, abaxially glabrous, striate (more prominent in dry material); leaf sheaths similar to bladeless sheaths; ligule ca. 3 mm long, triangular with obtuse apex, green with reddish to brown tinge (darker at base), glabrous; petiole 5–10 mm long, shallowly canaliculate, mostly green, adaxially puberulent and abaxially glabrous to sparsely puberulent; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, 25–35 cm long, 4–6 cm wide, weakly plicate, adaxially green to dark green, somewhat shiny, glabrous, abaxially paler green, glabrous, base narrowly obtuse, apex acuminate, midrib adaxially sunken, pale green to ochraceous, glabrous, abaxially protruding, pale green, glabrous. Inflorescence radical; peduncle erect, covered by 5–7 sheathing bracts; sheathing bracts distichous, ovate to narrowly ovate, overlapping, basal ones shorter, distal ones significantly longer (sometimes developing blade vestiges at the apex, see Fig. 5D on the right), soon becoming brown and papery, striate, glabrous on both sides; thyrse lax, many-flowered; rachis 4–8 cm long, decurved, dull green with dark red tinge (turning dark red to maroon in fruiting stage), hirsute, shortly branched; bracts ovate, broadly ovate to semi-circular, 1–3 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, brownish-maroon at base, greenish to whitish distally, glabrous, caducous, each subtending cincinnus of 1–5 flowers on 4–15 mm long branch; branches secund, of the same colour as rachis, hirsute; bracteoles broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, spathaceous, enveloping the flower with the rest of the cincinnus, 13–30 mm long, 4–17 mm wide, pale pink-orange with greenish apex when young, soon scarious and pale brown to ochraceous, somewhat striate (visible in dry material), mostly glabrous, apex mucronate and puberulent. Flower gullet-type; pedicel negligible; calyx tubular, 12–15 mm long, apex with single lobe ending with prominent ciliate mucro, semi-translucent pale yellow with red tinge, mostly glabrous, apex puberulent; floral tube yellow; dorsal corolla lobe elliptic-oblong with cucullate apex, yellow with white semi-translucent veins, glabrous; lateral corolla lobes elliptic-oblong with obtuse apex, yellow with white semi-translucent veins, glabrous; labellum obovate, apex slightly bilobed, yellow with semitranslucent veins, adaxially with short glandular hair, abaxially glabrous; lateral staminodes irregularly obovate with round apex, nearly entirely connate to labellum, yellow with semi-translucent veins; stamen yellow; filament dorso-ventrally compressed, pale yellow with glandular hair; anther connective yellow, with glandular hair; crest 2–3 mm long, bluntly obscurely three-lobed, yellow; anther thecae dehiscing through the entire length; ovary trilocular with central placentation, cylindrical, greenish or with reddish tinge, glabrous; epigynous glands two; style filiform, cream white; stigma capitulate, cream white; ostiole transverse, forward-facing, ciliate. Fruit (immature) ellipsoid hesperidium, ca. 10 mm long, ca. 6 mm in diam., red, glabrous, with persistent calyx; seeds unknown. Eponymy: —This species is named after a French botanist Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre (23 October 1833 – 30 October 1905) who made the type collection. Distribution & IUCN preliminary assessment: —Currently known only from Bokor National Park, Cambodia. Geostachys pierreana is currently assessed as Data Deficient on IUCN Red List (Olander 2019b). Although the only known location in Bokor National Park is under legal protection, there is no information about the number or size of populations. The Popokvil Waterfall is accessible to public, and the effect of tourism on the vegetation surrounding this area needs to be assessed first for an evidence-based assessment. We therefore suggest continuing to treat this species as Data Deficient (DD). Ecology & phenology: —Growing in broadleaved evergreen forest, including its edges and slightly disturbed areas, at elevations of ca. 1000 m a.s.l. Flowering has been observed in April and June. Additional specimens examined:— CAMBODIA. Kampot province: [Bokor National Park], Popokvil, April [year not given, inferred as 1967?], P. Dy Phon 1157 (P: P02203163, flowering); Bokor National Park, ca. 1.5 km east of Popokvil waterfall, ca. 970 m a.s.l., 1 June 2017, M. Netopilová & I. Faltová s.n. (mounted over 2 sheets, Accession Nos. 02602KBFR1 and 02526KBFR6, herbarium of the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology of the Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic, flowering). Other field records:— CAMBODIA. Kampot province: Bokor National Park, 5 June 2014, H.T. Luu s.n. (flowering, photo uploaded to LE: LE01093259; see also Fig. 6). Nomenclatural notes: — Gagnepain (1906a) included a single gathering, Pierre 5851, in the protologue of G. pierreana. From the title of Gagnepain’s paper it is evident that the specimens examined by him were located at P. Although the three available sheets at P are currently labelled as type (sensu holotype) and two isotypes, with this perception repeated by Saensouk & Saensouk (2021), they have to be considered syntypes. All three syntypes are of good quality, each including leafy shoot and one or two inflorescences. One of the sheets (P00686635) also has several flower buds and one neatly pressed flower in an enclosed envelope, which was most likely used in the preparation of pencil drawing attached to the sheet P032698, and subsequently reproduced in Fig. 10 in Gagnepain (1908). We designate this particular specimen (barcode P00686635) as the lectotype; the remaining two sheets (barcodes P00686634 and P032698) are isolectotypes. Taxonomic notes: — Larsen (1986) stated that G. pierreana is described from Vietnam, whereas Newman et al. (2007) assumed it to be collected in Laos. Saensouk & Saensouk (2021) produced three conflicting statements within a single paper that the type locality is in Laos (as stated in the figure legend on p. 3059), in Thailand, Chantaburi (as stated in species citation on p. 3064) or in Cambodia (as implied in the notes p. 3065). In spite of the previous guesses, the original collection locality of G. pierreana remains unknown as already clearly noted by Gagnepain (1906a) in the protologue: ‘INDO-CHINE.— No 5851 [Pierre] sans désignation de localité, ni date’. In Flore Generale de L’IndoChine, the distribution is given, with no further explanation, as “Cochinchine” (Gagnepain 1908: 102). There are three sheets of Pierre 5851 in P. They all have standard label common to herbarium collections of L. Pierre, with pre-printed locality given as Indochina; however, there is remark on all of them ‘etiquette perdue’ indicating that the original label was lost. The date of the collection is accordingly given as 1865–1877, i.e., the entire 12-year long period when Pierre was based in Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) as the Director of the Jardin Botanique et Zoologique. It is known that during this period Pierre made many expeditions not only in southern Vietnam, but also in neighbouring Cambodia and even Thailand (former Siam) (Gagnepain 1906b). The numbering of the specimens is of no help to deduce the location or date as it appears that final numbers on Pierre’s standard labels were applied as the collections were sorted/worked through, and these differ from his provisional field numbers. We assume this based on examination of several sheets of collection numbers close to 5851 (i.e. 5848, 5852, 5854), which all belong to Zingiberaceae, but all were collected at different locations and in different years. There is no sheet of Geostachys from Vietnam present in any herbaria we have examined, which would be in good match with the type of G. pierreana. The only specimens which we consider to be in good match with the type is collection by Dy Phon 1157 and collection and photographs made by Netopilová & Faltová s.n., both from Bokor National Park, Cambodia. These two collections match the type and the protologue in all major aspects, such as the shape and indumentum of leaf blades and ligules, short petioles, length and decurvation of the rachis and secund arrangement of the flower-bearing branches, number of flowers in cincinnus, as well as more specific details such as hirsute rachis and flower-bearing branches, shape and size of bracts, spathaceous glabrous bracteoles with mucronate puberulent apices and calyx with a single lobe ending in a sharply mucronate apex. From other labelled collections, it is known that Pierre visited and made collections in the same area (Kampot city and surrounding hills). Thus with all the evidence listed above, the most likely origin of the type of G. pierreana is Cambodia. The above description, although based on the protologue and the three original sheets, is therefore also supplemented with observations from Dy Phon 1157 and Netopilová & Faltová s.n. The indication of G. pierreana by Phạm (2003) as present in Vietnam originated from the uncertainty regarding the type collection, as follows from his reference to Gagnepain. The same is probably true for Nguyễn (2005). Nguyễn (2017) listed several additional Vietnamese collections under G. pierreana whose identifications remained preliminary as they were based solely on the herbarium material that does not show important features of floral structure. For two collections from Ninh BÌnh province, Averyanov et al. HAL 1638 & HAL 1639, photographic material appeared to be available, which allowed to identify them as Wurfbainia sp. (Zingiberaceae) and Tropidia angulosa (Lindl.) Blume (Orchidaceae), respectively. The other collections listed by Nguyễn (2017), all from Lâm Đồng province (Hà Tuḗ 458, Nhan 785, Tṵ 82, Biên 1228), are re-identified here as G. annamensis (see above). Saensouk & Saensouk (2021) have reported G. pierreana as a new record for Thailand, based on a single collection made by Nai Noe 77 (BK, K, P: P00599363) in Chanthaburi province. Although the specimen has been previously annotated as Geostachys cf. pierreana on the sheet deposited in P, it is clearly visible that the inflorescence is erect, with cincinni/flower-bearing branches evenly distributed around the rachis and thus fails to fit G. pierreana, which has decurved inflorescences with secund arrangement of flower-bearing branches. Although determination to the species level with absolute certainty is challenging on the herbarium material, the collection Nai Noe 77 matches well G. tratensis, a species described from a location distanced only about 80 km (air distance) from it. We therefore conclude that there is currently no evidence, that G. pierreana occurs in Thailand., Published as part of Leong-Škorničková, Jana, Bình, Nguyén Qu ốc, Đăng, Tr ần H ữu, Trư ờng, Lưu H ồng & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2023, A revision of Geostachys (Zingiberaceae: Alpinioideae) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, including a new species, G. aristata, pp. 245-260 in Phytotaxa 585 (4) on pages 254-257, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.585.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7703837, {"references":["Gagnepain, F. (1906 a) Zingiberacees nouvelles de l'herbier du Museum (15 ° note). Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France 53 (2): 132 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00378941.1906.10831155","Olander, S. B. (2019 b) Geostachys pierreana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e. T 117327601 A 124282562. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2019 - 2. RLTS. T 117327601 A 124282562. en.","Saensouk, P. & Saensouk, S. (2021) Taxonomic studies and three new records on genus Geostachys (Baker) Ridl. in Thailand. Biodiversitas 22 (7): 3057 - 3067. https: // doi. org / 10.13057 / biodiv / d 220760","Gagnepain, F. (1908) Zingiberacees. In: Lecomte, H. (Ed.) Flore Generale de l'Indo-Chine, vol. 6. Masson and Co, Paris, pp. 25 - 121.","Larsen, K. (1986) Geostachys angustifolia sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 6 (1): 31 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1756 - 1051.1986. tb 00857. x","Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstong, K. (2007) A Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Lao PDR. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 394 pp.","Gagnepain, F. (1906 b) Notice biographique sur J. - B. - Louis Pierre. Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France 53 (1): 54 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00378941.1906.10831140","Ph am, H. H. (2003) Cay c o Vi et Nam, an illustrated Flora of Vietnam. Vol. 3. Youth Publication, Ho Chi Minh City, 1020 pp. [in Vietnamese]"]}

Geostachys annamensis Ridl. in Baker et al. (1921: 122) (Fig. 1, 2) Lectotype (designated here): —[VIETNAM: Lâm Đồng province]: Dalat, 5000 ft [ca. 1500 m], April & May 1918, C. Boden Kloss s.n. (BM: BM000617532!, flowering). Clump-forming herb up to 1.6 m tall. Rhizome supported by stilt roots, sheathed by dry brown scales. Leafy shoots with 8–16 leaves per pseudostem, bladeless at basal 1/3; bladeless sheaths 4–6, most basal (outermost) sheaths very short, dry and brown, inner sheaths distally gradually longer, finely ribbed, green with dark red tinge and dark red reticulate pattern, pubescent to glabrous (variable between populations); leaf sheaths finely ribbed, green with dark red reticulate pattern and often with red tinge more prominent towards margin, pubescent to glabrous (variable between populations); ligule 3–5 mm long, with round to shallowly bluntly bilobed apex, red to dark red, base glabrous, margin pubescent (glabrescent with age); petiole 1–7 mm long, shallowly canaliculate, green to red, adaxially glabrous or nearly so, abaxially pubescent to glabrous; leaf blade narrowly oblong, 25–45 cm long, 3–5 cm wide, adaxially green to dark green, more or less hirsute to glabrous (rarely), abaxially paler green, rarely with dark reddish shading near margins, densely hirsute to glabrous (rarely), base obtuse, apex prominently acuminate, midrib adaxially sunken, green or red, shortly hirsute to glabrous, abaxially protruding, green or with dull red tinge, hirsute to glabrous. Inflorescence radical, erect; peduncle to 18 cm long, covered by 8–12 sheathing bracts; sheathing bracts distichous, broadly to narrowly ovate, overlapping, basal ones shorter and tightly appressed to the peduncle, distal 4–6 significantly larger and somewhat puffed, richly tinged red, soon becoming brown and papery, adaxially glabrous, abaxially shortly pubescent to glabrous; thyrse lax, many-flowered; rachis 10–18 cm long, green to ochraceous, sometimes with reddish tinge, hirsute, shortly branched; bracts broadly ovate to broadly elliptic with round apex, shallowly bowl-shaped, somewhat crumpled, 4–16 mm long, ca. 5–18 mm wide when flattened, semi-translucent white to white, often with more or less dense pink tinge, glabrous, each subtending cincinnus of 2–5 flowers on 2–5 mm long branch; branches evenly distributed around rachis, of the same colour and indumentum as rachis; bracteoles broadly ovate to broadly elliptic with round apex, shallowly bowl-shaped, somewhat crumpled, 3–15 mm long, 6–17 mm wide when flattened, semitranslucent white, often with more or less dense pink tinge, glabrous. Flower 4–5 cm long, gullet-type; pedicel 2–6 mm long, pale green to cream, often with pink to red tinge, sparsely puberulous; calyx tubular, 8–9 mm long, with dorsal unilateral incision ca. 4–5 mm from apex, apex obscurely 3-lobed, lobes round (very rarely bluntly mucronate) at apex, less than 1 mm long, white with translucent margins, lobes often tinged pink, glabrous; floral tube 18–20 mm long, externally white to pale pink, glabrous; dorsal corolla lobe broadly ovate to nearly round with mucronate apex, ca. 18 mm long (including ca. 2 mm long mucro), ca. 19 mm wide, white or with very slight pink tinge and semi-translucent to translucent margins, glabrous; lateral corolla lobes broadly elliptic-ovate with obtuse apex, ca. 18 mm long, ca. 11 mm wide, white with translucent margins, glabrous; labellum obovate with crenulate obscurely bilobed apex, 28–33 mm long, 25–30 mm wide (40–45 mm wide if inclusive of staminodes), white with dark pink or pink-red spots and larger linear blotches in the central part, but not extending to the wide white margins, adaxially with white glandular hair in the centre, abaxially glabrous; lateral staminodes irregularly obovate, ca. 18 mm long, ca. 14 mm wide, connate to labellum in basal 3/4–4/5, white with dark pink or pink-red spots and blotches extending near to margins; stamen ca. 17 mm long (including crest); filament ca. 7 mm long, 2.5–3 mm wide, dorso-ventrally compressed, white with dark pink to red spots/blotches, with glandular hair; anther 10–12 mm long (including crest); connective yellow-green with red spots/blotches, with short glandular hair; crest 2–3 mm long, semi-circular with irregular lobes and crenulate margin, white to pale yellow with deep pink to red spots/blotches, glabrous; anther thecae 6–8 mm long, dehiscing through the entire length; ovary trilocular with central placentation, obovoid to ellipsoid, 3–4 mm long, 3–3.5 mm in diam., pale green to pale pink, glabrous; epigynous glands two, ca. 2 mm long, enveloping the base of style, ochraceous; style white to pink at base, turning darker pink distally, glabrous at base, sparsely puberulous distally; stigma capitulate, deep pink to red; ostiole transverse, forward-facing, ciliate. Fruit globose to subglobose hesperidium, 10–15 mm in diam. (when slightly immature), pale green, glabrous, with persistent calyx; seeds (immature) ca. 3 mm long, each fully enclosed in white aril (presumably semi-translucent white and juicy upon ripening). Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the occurrence of the species in the Annam protectorate of the former French Indochina. Distribution & IUCN preliminary assessment:— Endemic to Vietnam. Geostachys annamensis is currently assessed as Data Deficient on IUCN Red List (Olander 2019a).The assessment was carried based on only two collections, of which one is a type of G. annamensis, but the second represents G. aristata. Based on more comprehensive data presented here, we therefore suggest re-assessment of this species.The vast majority of collections are known from Lâm Đồng province (Ðà Lạt and vicinity, and also Bảo Lộc area), with two records from Đắk Lắk province and two records (inclusive of one photo-documented sighting) from Khánh Hòa province. GPS locations exist or could be assigned to seven collections, based on which we have calculated EOO as 3,585 km 2, and AOO as 8 km 2. Although exact numbers about various populations are not available, at least some of the populations are known to occur in legally protected areas, i.e., ChƯ Yang Sin National Park and Hòn Bà Nature Reserve. However, majority of the collection records come from the general area around Ðà Lạt which greatly suffered, and continues to suffer, from forest clearing for agriculture use. As this species can only grow in undisturbed primary forest, and there is a steep decline in extent and quality of this habitat, we suggest treating this species as Near Threatened (NT). Ecology & phenology:— Growing in the understorey of evergreen broadleaved montane forests, at elevations of 800–1500 m a.s.l. Flowering from March to July, fruiting from May to August. Additional specimens examined:— VIETNAM. Đắk Lắk province: Ea Kar district, ChƯ Yang Sin National Park, 12.4037868°N 108.4729321°E, 1193 m, 11 July 2018, H.T. Luu, H.Đ. Trǻn, M.T. Đặng, B.T. Lê, Q.D. Đinh & T.T. Nguyễn Tran- 743 (SGN, flowering & early fruiting); L ắk district, Bông Krang municipality, ChƯ Yang Sin National Park, 12°23’49”N 108°20’59”E, elev. 1077 m, 27 May 2019, S.V. Yudina & M.S. Nuraliev YUD 17 (MW: MW0758393, MW0758394, flowering). Khánh Hòa province: Cam Lâm district, Hòn Bà Nature Reserve, 12.0153°N 109.0099°E, 971 m, 18 August 2017, H.Đ. Trǻn, G. Trǻn, T.V. Nguyễn & T.M.H. Nguyễn KH2-107 (SGN, old infructescences). Lâm Đỗng province: Lạc DƯõng district, Suối Vàng, 2 May 1980, N.T. Nhan 785 (HN, flowering); ibidem, 2 May 1980, L.K. Biên 1228 (HN, flowering); ibidem, 3 May 1980, N.V. Tṵ 82 (HN, flowering); Ðam Rông district, Phi Liêng, 11.9976886°N 108.1126386°E, 1000 m, 20 May 2018, H.Ð. Trǻn, H.T. Luu & D. Lê Tran- 610 (SGN, flowering & early fruiting); Dalat [Ðà Lạt], Dua Tria, dense forest, 1450 m, 10 April 1953, M. Schmid VN1644 (P: P00599390, flowering); Dalat [Ðà Lạt], 7 km south of Dalat, Haut Donai, 1400 m, 23 March 1935, E. Poilane 24815 (P: P06136202, flowering); Dalat? [Ðà Lạt], Lò Hung region, forest, 950 m, 27 March 1953, M. Schmid VN1646 (P: P00599389, flowering); [Đà Lạt], Manline, 21 April 1957, P. Tixier 21/4/57 -02 (P: P02203167, flowering); Đức Trọng district, Núi Voi, 6 May 2016, Q.Ð.Nguyễn & H.T. Luu LBA006 (SGN, flowering); Di Linh district, Đinh Trang ThƯỢng, 16 May 1980, Hà Tuḗ 458 (HN, fruiting); Bảo Lâm district, Lộc Bắc municipality, 12 km WNW of Lộc Thắng town, forest, 11°43’30”N 107°42’55”E, elev. 1050 m, 6 April 2013, M.S. Nuraliev, A.N. Kuznetsov, & S.P. Kuznetsova 775 (MW: MW0749958, SING: SING0215785, flowering). Other field records:— VIETNAM. Khánh Hòa province: Cam Lâm district, Hòn Bà Nature Reserve, 12°06’46.3”N 108°58’27.1”E, ca. 900 m, 4 July 2011, J. Leong-Škorničková et al. JLS-3817 (fruiting, photo uploaded to LE: LE01093253). Nomenclatural notes: —Ridley (in Baker et al. 1921) described Geostachys annamensis in a volume dedicated to the collections by C. Boden Kloss. The protologue of this species states the locality as “Dalat, 5,000 ft ” and does not cite any collections. Turner (2000), who dealt with typifications of Zingiberales names published by H.N. Ridley, stated that he could not trace any type material of this species. However, at least one relevant specimen collected by Boden Kloss exists in BM. The original label matches the protologue in all aspects, and the specimen also bears determination slip in Ridley’s hand (van Steenis-Kruseman & van Steenis, 1950) ‘ Geostachys annamensis Ridl.; H.N.Ridley’.Although this sheet may well be the holotype, it cannot be excluded with certainty that more duplicates of this collection, as well as other collections by Boden Kloss from the same location, exist. This sheet is therefore designated here as the lectotype, in line with recommendation by McNeil (2014). Taxonomic notes: —Although the original description is rather brief, Ridley (in Baker et al. 1921) noted that the leaf sheaths are spotted with red (the red reticulation and dark ligule are seen well even in the lectotype specimen), and he also included a note by Boden Kloss that the flowers are white tinged with pink and spotted with crimson. Several recent collections accompanied by photographic documentation made in Bảo Lộc area, Lâm Đồng province (Nuraliev et al. 775) and ChƯ Yang Sin National Park, Đắk Lắk province (Luu et al. Tran-743, Yudina & Nuraliev YUD 17) (air distance approximately 70 km southwest and 50 km north of the type locality, respectively), as well as sighting of fruiting individuals in Hòn Bà Nature Reserve, Khánh Hòa province (Leong-Škorničková et al. JLS-3817; air distance approximately 50 km southeast of the type locality) are consistent with Ridley’s description as well as with the lectotype, making the identity of the species clear (Fig. 2). Nguyễn (2017) listed three additional Vietnamese collections under G. annamensis whose identifications remained preliminary as they were based solely on the herbarium material that does not show important features of floral structure. For two collections from Thừa Thiên Huḗ province, Averyanov et al. HAL 7236 & HAL 7896, photographic material is available, and allows both to be assigned to Amomum Roxburgh (1820: 75), another genus of Zingiberaceae. The third collection, N.Q. Bình 576 from Gia Lai province, cannot be identified with confidence., Published as part of Leong-Škorničková, Jana, Bình, Nguyén Qu ốc, Đăng, Tr ần H ữu, Trư ờng, Lưu H ồng & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2023, A revision of Geostachys (Zingiberaceae: Alpinioideae) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, including a new species, G. aristata, pp. 245-260 in Phytotaxa 585 (4) on pages 246-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.585.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7703837, {"references":["Baker, E. G., Moore, S., Rendle, A. B., Ridley, H. N. & Wernham, H. F. (1921) On plants from South Annam. The Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 4 (3): 109 - 160. [https: // thesiamsociety. org / wp-content / uploads / 2020 / 03 / NHBSS _ 004 _ 3 c _ Baker _ OnPlantsFromSouthAn. pdf]","Olander, S. B. (2019 a) Geostachys annamensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e. T 117327020 A 124282492. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2019 - 2. RLTS. T 117327020 A 124282492. en.","Turner, I. M. (2000) The plant taxa of H. N. Ridley, 3. The Zingiberales. Asian Journal of Tropical Biology 4 (1): 1 - 47.","van Steenis-Kruseman, M. J. & van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (1950) Malaysian plant collectors and collections being a cyclopaedia of botanical exploration in Malaysia and a guide to the concerned literature up to the year 1950. In: van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (Ed.) Flora Malesiana, ser. 1, Spermatophyta, vol. 1. Hoordhoff-Kolff, Djakarta, pp. 1 - 639.","Roxburgh, W. (1820) Plants of the coast of Coromandel, Vol. 3. W. Bulmer and Co., London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 467"]}