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BACKGROUND For community-living older people, the ability to estimate total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) with validated predictive equations based on anthropometry is limited. To our knowledge no studies exist for non-Caucasian populations OBJECTIVE: To design and validate an anthropometry-based equation to estimate TDEE using doubly-labelled water (DLW) as the criterion measure, and to assess the performance of three other published equations in community-living older people from rural and urban areas of Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Senegal, Cuba, and Mexico METHODS: This cross-sectional study measured anthropometry and TDEE using DLW in 69 men and 43 women aged 60-89 years. TDEE was also estimated with an anthropometry-based equation derived from the sub-sample of Mexico (n = 38) and with three other published equations. Predictive accuracy of the equations was tested by an external validation procedure RESULTS: TDEE by DLW in the six country sample was 2411 ± 41 kcal/day (mean ± SE) in men and 1939 ± 51 kcal/day in women. The best new Mexican equation was TDEE, kcal/d = [223.4 + (27.9 × weight, kg) + (239.7 × sex)]; where sex: Man = 1 and Woman = 0; having high precision; R2 = 0.89, lowest RMSE = 149.2, and Cp value of 2.0. This new Mexican equation estimated TDEE accurately in the five country sample and at country level after correction for Guatemalan older men, while the published equations performed poorly CONCLUSIONS: The Mexican equation performed better that other published equations and is recommended to accurately estimate energy requirements for community-living older people in five Latin American and one African country.

Vector-borne diseases have increased pesticide use in urban areas (UA) and agricultural areas (AA) in Mexico. Breast milk can be contaminated by pesticide exposure. The objective of the study was to measure breast milk intake by deuterium oxide dilution as well as organochlorine and pyrethroid transfer from mother to infant in AA and UA of Sonora, Mexico. Human milk intake was determined by the ’dose-to-mother’ technique using deuterium oxide (D 2 O) dilution. Mothers’ body composition was also assessed by this technique and the intercept method. Pyrethroids (deltamethrin, cypermethrin and cyhalothrin) and organochlorine pesticide residues ( p,p’- DDT, p,p’ - DDE, p,p’- DDD) in breast milk samples were measured by gas chromatography. Sixty-two lactating women and their infants participated in the study, 32 lived in the UA and 30 lived in the AA. Breast milk intake was approximately 100 mL higher in the AA than in the UA 799 ± 193 and 707 ± 201 mL/day, respectively (p p,p’ - DDT and cypermethrin levels in breast milk were higher in the UA than in the AA (p p,p’- DDT and cypermethrin levels in breast milk were higher in the UA compared to the AA. Since pesticide levels in human milk did not exceed the ADI, breastfeeding is still a safe practice and should be encouraged.

Objective: To assess the breast milk intake and transfer of vitamin A (VA) from the mother to the breastfed child in lactating Mexican women from rural and urban areas. Methods: Milk intake was ass...

las resultantes del desequilibrio energético como obesidad y desnutrición son problemas frecuentes en la población geriátrica. Las mediciones del gasto energético total (GET), son la base para establecer los requerimientos de energía (RE) y las recomendaciones dietarias. Esto es determinante para prevenir el desequilibrio energético. El GET, en vida libre se puede evaluar por el método del agua doblemente marcada (ADM) con muy buen nivel de exactitud y precisión. Sin embargo, los altos costos de los isótopos y sus análisis, hacen que su uso se reduzca a estudios con pocos sujetos. El contar con una metodología como el ADM para determinar RE, brinda la oportunidad de valorar y potencialmente validar métodos dietarios como el registro pesado de alimentos (RPA) y el recordatorio de 24 horas (24 h) para el mismo propósito. El objetivo fue determinar el GET por el método de ADM y validar el RPA y el 24 h en adultos mayores urbanos (12 hombres y 12 mujeres). El promedio de edad fue de 72.5 y 71.1 para hombres y mujeres, respectivamente. El valor promedio de IMC para hombres y mujeres fue 27.5 y de 25.4, respectivamente. El gasto energético en reposo (5.5 MJ) a nivel grupal fue igual que el estimado por las ecuaciones de FAO/OMS/UNU (p>0.1 O). El GET porADM como indicador del RE fue de 9.27 MJ/día de manera grupal. Sin embargo, en todo el grupo, tanto el RPA (RE = 7.71 MJ/día) como el 24h (RE= 6.93 MJ/día), se observaron valores significativamente más bajos (p