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1. Household air pollution and risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-Infected adults.

Author: Katoto, Patrick, Bihehe, Dieudonné, Brand, Amanda, Mushi, Raymond, Kusinza, Aline, Alwood, Brian, van Zyl-Smit, Richard, Tamuzi, Jacques, Sam-Agudu, Nadia, Yotebieng, Marcel, Metcalfe, John, Theron, Grant, Godri Pollitt, Krystal, Lesosky, Maia, Vanoirbeek, Jeroen, Mortimer, Kevin, Nawrot, Tim, Nemery, Benoit, and Nachega, Jean
Subjects: Africa, Charcoal, Gender, Health equity, Indoor pollution, Adult, Humans, Male, Female, Case-Control Studies, HIV Infections, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Air Pollution, Air Pollution, Indoor
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In low- and middle-income countries countries, millions of deaths occur annually from household air pollution (HAP), pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and HIV-infection. However, it is unknown whether HAP influences PTB risk among people living with HIV-infection. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study among 1,277 HIV-infected adults in Bukavu, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (February 2018 - March 2019). Cases had current or recent (3h/day and ≥2 times/day and ≥5 days/week were more likely to have PTB (aOR 1·36; 95%CI 1·06-1·75) than those spending less time in the kitchen. Time-weighted average 24h personal CO exposure was related dose-dependently with the likelihood of having PTB, with aOR 4·64 (95%CI 1·1-20·7) for the highest quintile [12·3-76·2 ppm] compared to the lowest quintile [0·1-1·9 ppm]. CONCLUSION: Time spent cooking and personal CO exposure were independently associated with increased risk of PTB among people living with HIV. Considering the high burden of TB-HIV coinfection in the region, effective interventions are required to decrease HAP exposure caused by cooking with biomass among people living with HIV, especially women.
Published: 2024

2. Increasing the uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria in pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) through seasonal malaria chemoprevention channel delivery: protocol of a multicenter cluster randomized implementation trial in Mali and Burkina Faso

Author: Koita, Kadiatou, Bognini, Joel D., Agboraw, Efundem, Dembélé, Mahamadou, Yabré, Seydou, Bihoun, Biébo, Coulibaly, Oumou, Niangaly, Hamidou, N’Takpé, Jean-Batiste, Lesosky, Maia, Scaramuzzi, Dario, Worrall, Eve, Hill, Jenny, Briand, Valérie, Tinto, Halidou, and Kayentao, Kassoum
Published: 2024
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3. Persistent accelerated epigenetic ageing in a longitudinal cohort of vertically infected HIV-positive adolescents.

Author: Heany, Sarah, Levine, Andrew, Lesosky, Maia, Phillips, Nicole, Fouche, Jean-Paul, Myer, Landon, Zar, Heather, Stein, Dan, Horvath, Steve, and Hoare, Jacqueline
Subjects: Accelerated ageing, DNA methylation, Epigenetic clock, Perinatal HIV, Humans, Adolescent, Child, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Cohort Studies, HIV Infections, South Africa, Aging, Epigenesis, Genetic
Abstract: We have previously shown accelerated ageing in adolescents perinatally infected with HIV (PHIV +), based on discrepancies between epigenetic and chronological age. The current study examines follow-up longitudinal patterns of epigenetic ageing and the association of epigenetic ageing with cognition as well as whole brain structure changes in PHIV + and healthy controls enrolled in the Cape Town Adolescent Antiretroviral Cohort Study (CTAAC). The Illumina EPIC array was used to generate blood DNA methylation data from 60 PHIV + adolescents and 36 age-matched controls aged 9-12 years old at baseline and again at a 36-month follow-up. Epigenetic clock software estimated two measures of epigenetic age acceleration: extrinsic epigenetic accelerated ageing (EEAA) and age acceleration difference (AAD) at both time points. At follow-up, each participant completed neuropsychological testing, structural magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging. At follow-up, PHIV infection remains associated with increased EEAA and AAD. Accelerated epigenetic ageing remained positively associated with viral load and negatively associated with CD4 ratio. EEAA was positively associated with whole brain grey matter volume and alterations in whole brain white matter integrity. AAD and EEAA were not associated with cognitive function within the PHIV + group. Measures of epigenetic ageing, as detected in DNA methylation patterns, remain increased in PHIV + adolescents across a 36-month period. Associations between epigenetic ageing measures, viral biomarkers, and alterations in brain micro- and macrostructure also persist at 36-month follow-up. Further study should determine if epigenetic age acceleration is associated with cognitive functional changes due to brain alterations in later life.
Published: 2023

4. Master statistical analysis plan: attractive targeted sugar bait phase III trials in Kenya, Mali, and Zambia

Author: Yukich, Joshua, Eisele, Thomas P., terKuile, Feiko, Ashton, Ruth, Staedke, Sarah, Harris, Angela F., Johnson, Paul C. D., Sarrassat, Sophie, Lesosky, Maia, Bradley, John, Kleinschmidt, Immo, and Littrell, Megan
Published: 2023
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5. Early pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiation and continuation among pregnant and postpartum women in antenatal care in Cape Town, South Africa.

Author: Joseph Davey, Dvora Leah, Mvududu, Rufaro, Mashele, Nyiko, Lesosky, Maia, Khadka, Nehaa, Bekker, Linda-Gail, Gorbach, Pamina, Coates, Thomas J, and Myer, Landon
Subjects: Humans, HIV Infections, Anti-HIV Agents, Prenatal Care, Postpartum Period, Pregnancy, Adult, South Africa, Female, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, adherence, breastfeeding, cohort studies, pre-exposure prophylaxis, pregnant, Clinical Research, Prevention, HIV/AIDS, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Other Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract: IntroductionPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a safe and effective prevention strategy to reduce women's risk of HIV in pregnancy and postpartum. Effective PrEP protection requires daily PrEP adherence, but little is known about maternal PrEP continuation and factors that influence PrEP use.MethodsThe PrEP in pregnancy and postpartum (PrEP-PP) study enrolled consenting pregnant, HIV-negative women at first antenatal care (ANC) visit with follow-up through 12 months postpartum. Eligible and consenting women and girls ≥16 years received HIV prevention counselling and were offered PrEP. Interviewers collected socio-demographic and behavioural data from participants at each visit. We analysed the proportion of women who initiated PrEP and the proportion who continued PrEP after 3 months with associated correlates by estimating the prevalence ratio adjusting for a priori confounders.ResultsBetween August 2019 and October 2021, we enrolled 1201 pregnant women (median gestation 21 weeks; age 26 years); 84% of women initiated PrEP at their first ANC visit (n = 1014); 55% were married or cohabiting. Overall, 66% of women on PrEP returned for a repeat prescription at 1 month; 58% returned at 3 months (n = 493 of 844). Almost one-half of women on PrEP reported a side effect at 1 month, mostly nausea/vomiting. Women on PrEP in the first and second trimesters had higher odds of reporting side effects (aOR 2.61; 95% CI 1.17-5.84) versus postpartum women. Women who reported side effects continued with PrEP less than those who did not report side effects (aPR = 0.87; 95% CI 0.77-0.97). Women with ≥1 previous pregnancy (aPR = 0.76; 95% CI 0.57-1.01) or were postpartum (aPR 0.85; 95% CI 0.75-0.97) were less likely to continue PrEP compared to women who were primigravid or pregnant. Women who reported having an HIV+ partner (aPR = 1.45; 95% CI 1.13-1.85) or high HIV risk perception (aPR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.01-1.41) were more likely to continue on PrEP than those who had HIV-negative partners or low risk perception.ConclusionsPrEP initiation and early continuation were high in this setting, compared to other studies in women. Being postpartum and experiencing side effects were associated with lower PrEP continuation, presenting opportunities for counselling on early transient side effects. Interventions for postpartum women on PrEP are needed.
Published: 2022

6. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker changes in patients with HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment treated with lithium: analysis from a randomised placebo-controlled trial

Author: Thela, Lindokuhle, Decloedt, Eric, Zetterberg, Henrik, Gisslén, Magnus, Lesosky, Maia, Gleich, Melanie, Koutsilieri, Eleni, Scheller, Carsten, Hye, Abdul, and Joska, John
Published: 2023
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7. A simulation model for longitudinal HIV viral load and mother-to-child-transmission in pregnant and postpartum women

Author: Lesosky, Maia, Raboud, Janet, Glass, Tracy, Abrams, Elaine, and Myer, Landon
Subjects: Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Statistics - Applications
Abstract: This manuscript describes the model specification, including input and output measures, dependencies, and structure for VLSiM-PPW, a Monte Carlo type model for HIV adherence, viral load and vertical transmission in pregnant and breastfeeding women.
Published: 2019

8. Bias in the estimation of cumulative viremia in cohort studies of HIV-infected individuals

Author: Lesosky, Maia, Glass, Tracy, Rambau, Brian, Hsiao, Nei-Yuan, Abrams, Elaine J, and Myer, Landon
Subjects: Statistics - Applications
Abstract: Purpose: The use of cumulative measures of exposure to raised HIV viral load (viremia copy-years) is an increasingly common in HIV prevention and treatment epidemiology due to the high biological plausibility. We sought to estimate the magnitude and direction of bias in a cumulative measure of viremia caused by different frequency of sampling and duration of follow-up. Methods: We simulated longitudinal viral load measures and reanalysed cohort study datasets with longitudinal viral load measurements under different sampling strategies to estimate cumulative viremia. Results: In both simulated and observed data, estimates of cumulative viremia by the trapezoidal rule show systematic upward bias when there are fewer sampling time points and/or increased duration between sampling time points, compared to estimation of full time series. Absolute values of cumulative viremia vary appreciably by the patterns of viral load over time, even after adjustment for total duration of follow up. Conclusions: Sampling bias due to differential frequency of sampling appears extensive and of meaningful magnitude in measures of cumulative viremia. Cumulative measures of viremia should be used only in studies with sufficient frequency of viral load measures and always as relative measures., Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2019

9. Pneumonia and Exposure to Household Air Pollution in Children Under the Age of 5 Years in Rural Malawi Findings From the Cooking and Pneumonia Study

Author: Mortimer, Kevin, Lesosky, Maia, Semple, Sean, Malava, Jullita, Katundu, Cynthia, Crampin, Amelia, Wang, Duolao, Weston, William, Pope, Dan, Havens, Deborah, Gordon, Stephen B, and Balmes, John
Subjects: Pneumonia, Prevention, Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions, Clinical Research, Pneumonia & Influenza, Pediatric, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution, Lung, Health Effects of Household Energy Combustion, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Respiratory, Age Factors, Air Pollution, Indoor, Carbon Monoxide, Child, Preschool, Cluster Analysis, Cooking, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Malawi, Male, Particulate Matter, Rural Health, cookstove, household air pollution, pneumonia, Clinical Sciences, Respiratory System
Abstract: BackgroundExposure to household air pollution is associated with an increased risk of pneumonia in children in low- and middle-income countries; however, exposure-response data are limited, and there are uncertainties around the extent to which biomass-fueled cookstoves can reduce these exposures.Research questionWhat is the association between exposure to household air pollution and pneumonia in children under the age of 5 years in rural Malawi and what are the effects of a biomass-fueled cookstove intervention on personal exposure to household air pollution?Study design and methodsWe measured personal exposure to carbon monoxide (CO; 48 hours of continuous measurement and transcutaneous carboxyhemoglobin) every 6 months in children who participated in a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a cleaner burning biomass-fueled cookstove intervention to prevent pneumonia in children under the age of 5 years in rural Malawi (the Cooking And Pneumonia Study). Exposure-response and multivariable analyses were done.ResultsWe recruited 1805 (928 intervention; 877 control) children (mean age, 25.6 months; 50.6% female). We found no evidence of an association between exposure to CO (incident rate ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.967 to 1.014; P = .53) or carboxyhemoglobin (incident rate ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.993 to 1.003; P = .41) in children who experienced pneumonia vs those who did not. Median exposure to CO in the intervention and control groups was was 0.34 (interquartile range, 0.15 to 0.81) and 0.37 parts per million (interquartile range, 0.15 toa 0.97), respectively. The group difference in means was 0.46 (95% CI, -0.95 to 0.012; P = .06).InterpretationExposure to CO in our population was low with no association seen between exposure to CO and pneumonia incidence and no effect of the Cooking And Pneumonia Study intervention on these exposures. These findings suggest that CO may not be an appropriate measure of household air pollution exposure in settings such as rural Malawi and that there is a need to develop ways to measure particulate matter exposures directly in young children instead.Clinical trial registrationISRCTN59448623.
Published: 2020

10. Non-communicable respiratory disease and air pollution exposure in Malawi: a prospective cohort study

Author: Rylance, Sarah, Jewell, Chris, Naunje, Andrew, Mbalume, Frank, Chetwood, John D, Nightingale, Rebecca, Zurba, Lindsay, Flitz, Graham, Gordon, Stephen B, Lesosky, Maia, Balmes, John R, and Mortimer, Kevin
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Lung, Clinical Research, Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Air Pollution, Indoor, Carbon Monoxide, Cooking, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Forced Expiratory Volume, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Malawi, Male, Middle Aged, Particulate Matter, Prospective Studies, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Rural Population, Symptom Assessment, Vital Capacity, clinical Epidemiology, lung Physiology, Respiratory System, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract: RationaleThere are no population-based studies from sub-Saharan Africa describing longitudinal lung function in adults.ObjectivesTo explore the lung function trajectories and their determinants, including the effects of air pollution exposures and the cleaner-burning biomass-fuelled cookstove intervention of the Cooking and Pneumonia Study (CAPS), in adults living in rural Malawi.MethodsWe assessed respiratory symptoms and exposures, spirometry and measured 48-hour personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO), on three occasions over 3 years. Longitudinal data were analysed using mixed-effects modelling by maximum likelihood estimation.Measurements and main resultsWe recruited 1481 adults, mean (SD) age 43.8 (17.8) years, including 523 participants from CAPS households (271 intervention; 252 controls), and collected multiple spirometry and air pollution measurements for 654 (44%) and 929 (63%), respectively. Compared with Global Lung Function Initiative African-American reference ranges, mean (SD) FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) and FVC (forced vital capacity) z-scores were -0.38 (1.14) and -0.19 (1.09). FEV1 and FVC were determined by age, sex, height, previous TB and body mass index, with FEV1 declining by 30.9 mL/year (95% CI: 21.6 to 40.1) and FVC by 38.3 mL/year (95% CI: 28.5 to 48.1). There was decreased exposure to PM2.5 in those with access to a cookstove but no effect on lung function.ConclusionsWe did not observe accelerated lung function decline in this cohort of Malawian adults, compared with that reported in healthy, non-smoking populations from high-income countries; this suggests that the lung function deficits we measured in adulthood may have origins in early life.
Published: 2020

11. Comparison of guidelines for HIV viral load monitoring among pregnant and breastfeeding women in sub-Saharan Africa.

Author: Lesosky, Maia, Raboud, Janet M, Glass, Tracy, Brummel, Sean S, Ciaranello, Andrea L, Currier, Judith S, Essajee, Shaffiq, Havlir, Diane V, Koss, Catherine A, Ogwu, Anthony, Shapiro, Roger L, Abrams, Elaine J, and Myer, Landon
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, Prevention, HIV/AIDS, Mental Health, Infection, Reproductive health and childbirth, Africa South of the Sahara, Anti-HIV Agents, Breast Feeding, Female, Fertilization, HIV Infections, Humans, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Monte Carlo Method, Postpartum Period, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Serologic Tests, Viral Load, antiretroviral therapy, HIV, mathematical model, pregnancy, simulation, viral load monitoring, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Virology
Abstract: BackgroundIntensified viral load monitoring for pregnant and breastfeeding women has been proposed to help address concerns around antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, viraemia and transmission risk, but there have been no systematic evaluations of existing policies.MethodsWe used an individual Monte Carlo simulation to describe longitudinal ART adherence and viral load from conception until 2 years' postpartum. We applied national and international guidelines for viral load monitoring to the simulated data. We compared guidelines on the percentage of women receiving viral load monitoring and the percentage of women monitored at the time of elevated viral load.ResultsCoverage of viral load monitoring in pregnancy and breastfeeding varied markedly, with between 14% and 100% of women monitored antenatally and 38-98% monitored during breastfeeding. Specific recommendations for testing at either a fixed gestation or a short, fixed period after ART initiation achieved more than 95% testing in pregnancy but this was much lower (14-83%) among guidelines with no special stipulations. By the end of breastfeeding, only a small proportion of simulated episodes of elevated viral load more than 1000 copies/ml were successfully detected by monitoring (range, 20-50%).DiscussionAlthough further research is needed to understand optimal viral load frequency and timing in this population, these results suggest that current policies yield suboptimal detection of elevated viral load in pregnant and breastfeeding women.
Published: 2020

12. Economic evaluation of shortened, bedaquiline-containing treatment regimens for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (STREAM stage 2): a within-trial analysis of a randomised controlled trial

Author: Ahmad, Saleem, Alexandru, Sofia, Bellenger, Katharine, Bulga, Tolera G., Cook, Claire, Crudu, Valeriu, Deborah, Bennet, Dodds, Wendy, Gebreegziabher, Belay A., Goodall, Ruth L., Gupta, Pritti, Gurumurthy, Meera, Langley, Ivor, Nalunjogi, Joanitah, Khan, Saleem, Krishnan, Saravanan, Kumar, Shravan, Lesosky, Maia, Macari, Mariana, Makwana, Mukesh, Murphy, Brendan, Murugesan, Ramesh P., Patel, Vanita, Pirlog, Irina, Rauchenberger, Mary, Sanders, Karen, Singh, Ramesh, Subramani, Sangeetha, Teferi, Mekonnen, Tegegn, Netsanet A., Velmurugan, Arun Babu, Whitney, Johanna, Rosu, Laura, Madan, Jason J, Tomeny, Ewan M, Muniyandi, Malaisamy, Nidoi, Jasper, Girma, Mamo, Vilc, Valentina, Bindroo, Priyanka, Dhandhukiya, Rajdeep, Bayissa, Adamu K, Meressa, Daniel, Narendran, Gopalan, Solanki, Rajesh, Bhatnagar, Anuj K, Tudor, Elena, Kirenga, Bruce, Meredith, Sarah K, Nunn, Andrew J, Bronson, Gay, Rusen, I D, Squire, S Bertel, and Worrall, Eve
Published: 2023
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13. A review of common methods used in the analysis of human microbiome sequencing data

Author: Hannan, Patrick, primary, Nicol, Mark, additional, and Lesosky, Maia, additional
Published: 2024
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14. Application of a High-Resolution Melt Assay for Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Burkina Faso and Kenya

Author: Greenland-Bews, Caitlin, primary, Shah, Sonal, additional, Achieng, Morine, additional, Badoum, Emilie S, additional, Bah, Yaya, additional, Barsosio, Hellen C, additional, Brazal-Monzó, Helena, additional, Canizales, Jennifer, additional, Drabko, Anna, additional, Fraser, Alice J, additional, Hannan, Luke, additional, Jarju, Sheikh J, additional, Kaboré, Jean-Moise T, additional, Kujabi, Mariama A, additional, Lesosky, Maia, additional, Manneh, Jarra, additional, Marlais, Tegwen, additional, Matthewman, Julian, additional, Nebie, Issa, additional, Onyango, Eric D, additional, Ouedraogo, Alphonse, additional, Otieno, Kephas, additional, Serme, Samuel S, additional, Sirima, Sodiomon B, additional, Soulama, Ben I, additional, Tangara, Brian, additional, Tiono, Alfred B, additional, Wu, William, additional, Sesay, Abdul Karim, additional, Adams, Emily R, additional, Drakeley, Chris, additional, ter Kuile, Feiko O, additional, Soulama, Issiaka, additional, Kariuki, Simon, additional, Allen, David J, additional, and Edwards, Thomas, additional
Published: 2024
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15. Noncommunicable Respiratory Disease and Air Pollution Exposure in Malawi (CAPS). A Cross-Sectional Study

Author: Nightingale, Rebecca, Lesosky, Maia, Flitz, Graham, Rylance, Sarah J, Meghji, Jamilah, Burney, Peter, Balmes, John, and Mortimer, Kevin
Subjects: Prevention, Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Lung, Clinical Research, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Air Pollution, Carbon Monoxide, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Inhalation Exposure, Malawi, Male, Middle Aged, Particulate Matter, Prevalence, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Spirometry, Young Adult, household air pollution, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Cooking and Pneumonia Study, cookstove, Medical and Health Sciences, Respiratory System
Abstract: RationaleNoncommunicable respiratory diseases and exposure to air pollution are thought to be important contributors to morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan African adults.ObjectivesWe set out to explore the prevalence and determinants of noncommunicable respiratory disease among adults living in Chikhwawa District, Malawi.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study among adults in communities participating in a randomized controlled trial of a cleaner-burning biomass-fueled cookstove intervention (CAPS [Cooking and Pneumonia Study]) in rural Malawi. We assessed chronic respiratory symptoms, spirometric abnormalities, and personal exposure to air pollution (particulate matter
Published: 2019

16. Early pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiation and continuation among pregnant and postpartum women in antenatal care in Cape Town, South Africa

Author: Davey, Dvora Leah Joseph, Mvududu, Rufaro, Mashele, Nyiko, Lesosky, Maia, Khadka, Nehaa, Bekker, Linda-Gail, Gorbach, Pamina, Coates, Thomas J., and Myer, Landon
Subjects: Maternal health services -- Statistics, Patient compliance -- Statistics, Pregnant women -- Care and treatment -- Statistics, HIV infection -- Prevention -- Statistics, Health
Abstract: Introduction: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a safe and effective prevention strategy to reduce women's risk of HIV in pregnancy and postpartum. Effective PrEP protection requires daily PrEP adherence, but little is known about maternalPrEP continuation and factors that influence PrEP use. Methods: The PrEP in pregnancy and postpartum (PrEP-PP) study enrolled consenting pregnant, HIV-negative women at first antenatalcare (ANC) visit with follow-up through 12 months postpartum. Eligible and consenting women and girls >16 years received HIV prevention counselling and were offered PrEP. Interviewers collected socio-demographic and behaviouraldata from participants at each visit. We analysed the proportion of women who initiated PrEP and the proportion who continued PrEP after 3 months with associated correlates by estimating the prevalence ratio adjusting for apriori confounders. Results: Between August 2019 and October 2021, we enrolled 1201 pregnant women (median gestation 21 weeks; age 26 years); 84% of women initiated PrEP at their first ANC visit (n = 1014); 55% were married or cohabiting. Overall, 66% of women on PrEP returned for a repeat prescription at 1 month; 58% returned at 3 months (n = 493 of 844). Almost onehalf of women on PrEP reported a side effect at 1 month, mostly nausea/vomiting. Women on PrEP in the first and second trimesters had higher odds of reporting side effects (aOR 2.61; 95% CI 1.17-5.84) versus postpartum women. Women who reported side effects continued with PrEP less than those who did not report side effects (aPR = 0.87; 95% CI 0.77-0.97). Women with [greater than or equal to]1 previous pregnancy (aPR = 0.76; 95% CI 0.57-1.01) or were postpartum (aPR 0.85; 95% CI 0.75-0.97) were less likely to continue PrEP compared to women who were primigravid or pregnant. Women who reported having an HIV+ partner (aPR = 1.45; 95% CI 1.13-1.85) or high HIV risk perception (aPR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.01-1.41) were more likely to continue on PrEP than those who had HIV-negative partners or low risk perception. Conclusions: PrEP initiation and early continuation were high in this setting, compared to other studies in women. Being postpartum and experiencing side effects were associated with lower PrEP continuation, presenting opportunities for counselling on early transient side effects. Interventions for postpartum women on PrEP are needed. Keywords: adherence; breastfeeding; cohort studies; pre-exposure prophylaxis; pregnant; South Africa, 1 | INTRODUCTION Women in sub-Saharan Africa face a high risk of HIV acquisition during pregnancy and breastfeeding [1]. HIV acquisition risk more than doubles for women during pregnancy and [...]
Published: 2022
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17. Correction to: The CombinADO study to assess the impact of a combination intervention strategy on viral suppression, antiretroviral therapy adherence, and retention in HIV care among adolescents and young people living with HIV: protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial

Author: Mogoba, Phepo, Lesosky, Maia, Zerbe, Allison, Falcao, Joana, Mellins, Claude Ann, Desmond, Christopher, Arnaldo, Carlos, Kapogiannis, Bill, Myer, Landon, and Abrams, Elaine J.
Published: 2022
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18. Understanding the performance of a pan-African intervention to reduce postoperative mortality: a mixed-methods process evaluation of the ASOS-2 trial

Author: Biccard, Bruce M., du Toit, Leon, Lesosky, Maia, Stephens, Tim, Myer, Landon, Prempeh, Agya BA., Vickery, Nicola, Kluyts, Hyla-Louise, Torborg, Alexandra, Omigbodun, Akinyinka, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elfagieh, Mohamed, Mbwele, Bernard, Ulisubisya, Mpoki, Mboma, Lazaro, Ashebir, Daniel Z., Bahta, Mahlet Tesfaye, Hassen, Mohammed, Teferi, Mikiyas, Seman, Yakob, Zoumenou, Eugene, Hewitt-Smith, Adam, Tumukunde, Janat, Munlemvo, Dolly, Morais, Atilio, Basenero, Apollo, Ndarukwa, Pisirai, Ouerdraogo, Nazinigouba, Chaibou, Maman Sani, Zarouf, Mohyeddine, El Adib, Ahmed Rhassane, Gobin, Veekash, Sanogo, Zimogo, Coulibaly, Youssouf, Ngumi, Zipporah, Fadalla, Tarig, Iradukunda, Cynthia, Barendegere, Vénérand, Smalle, Isaac O., Bittaye, Mustapha, Samateh, Ahmadou Lamin, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Fawzy, Maher, Mulwafu, Wakisa, Msosa, Vanessa, Lopes, Lygia, Antwi-Kusi, Akwasi, Sama, Hamza D., Forget, Patrice, van Straaten, Dawid, Pearse, Rupert M., Puchert, Marichen, Rolt, Lucy, Schwebler, Kris, Kabambi, Freddy, Mabotja, Tebogo, Cobas, Leandys, Freitas, Albino, Antunes, Maria, Cabo, Bartolomeu, Paulo, Domingos, Camongua, Carlos, Avognon, Yvette, Marcos, Osseni, Kintomonho, Raymond, Demahou, Onesime, Hounsa, Gisèle, Chobli, Hugues, Fassinou, Elie, Zoglobossou, Aurore, Tchaou, Blaise, Tchegnonsi, Charles, Amadji, Fifame, Bossa, Francine, Ahounou, Ernest, Alao, Djima, Odérémi, Roushdane, Montairou, Afissatou, Gbehade, Oswald, Tobome, Romaric, Boukari, Adam, Bakantieba, Patrick, Sambo, Arouna, Lionelle, Fanou, Gilbert, Nounagnon, Attinon, Julien, Klikpezo, Roger, Dadjo, Aumar, Fanou, Dénis, Hounkpe, Gilberte, Fafana, Bachabi, Nguilu, Néné, Dossou-Yovo, Bodourin, Segla, Chantal, Toko, Mohamed, Gnele-Dedewanou, Evelyne, Noukounwoui, Michel, Yado, Ethienne, Gouroubéra, Timothé, Adjignon, Valéry, Mewanou, Serge, Tchomgang, Aïcha, Agossou, Urielle, Soton, Fernand, Azanlin, Charbel, Zomahoun, Lidwine, Kabore, Rawéléguinbasba Armel Flavien, Savadogo, Salam, Sanou, Fatou Fleur Rosine, Belém, Farid, Hien, Victoria, Bougouma, Cheik Tidiane Hafid W., Ouattara, Sie Ahmed, Kabore, Mariam Bambara, Nazinigouba, Ouedraogo, Bonkoungou, Papougnezambo, Lankoandé, Martin, Traoré, Mireille, Sawadogo, Patrick, Wenmenga, Inès, Kinda, Boureima, Simporé, André, Sapo, Christian, Traore, Salah Idriss, Dipama, Haoua, Kaboré, Lydie WR., Napon, Salifou, Kaboré, Télesphore G., Louré, Arouna, Tondé, Pélagie PP., Zoundi, Christian, Lankoande, Martin, Sanou, Harouna, Ndikumana, Remy, Nsengiyumva, Carlos, Sund, Gregory, Niyukuri, Alliance, Kwizera, Axel, Niyondiko, Jean-Claude, Kilembe, Adolphe Manzanza, Ilunga, Jean Pierre Mwema, Sarah, Nehema Hailemariam, Makeya, Gabriel Mubobo, Mwepu, Idesbald Mwebe, Likongo, Ted Botawaosenge, Mvwala, Richard Kapela, Mubunda, Raphael Nzau Kapend, Mukuna, Noellie Kanka, Pembe, Julie Djondo, Ndaye, Nicolas Lumuanga, Amisi, Eric Bibonge, Madika, Mike Ilunga, Lungela, Joe Kembo, Mayemba, Didier Ndonda, Diyoyo, Philomene Mamba, Ngalala, Alex Mbo, Mukenga, Martin Mamba, Kabuni, Patricia Tito, Mpoto, Dany Bolimo, Mole, Herve Inesnku, Keby, Louise, Buti, Oria Andavo, Phaka, Anselme, Mayenge, Belinda, Kalongo, Jean Jeacques Kabuley, Mawisa, Timothe Kemfuni, Ngwizani, Rodrigue Tondo, Leya, Kuyala, Sanduku, Dieudonne Kisile, Mawisa, Timothe Nkemfuni, Mfumu, Coco Nseke, Bolenge, Mbuta, Kabuce, Desire Kinzenzengu, Kintieti, Patrick, Mbuluku, Amelia, Mahuwa, Vicky, Mabiala, Tharcice Khonde, Ngoy, Guilain, Boloko, Patrick, Mvwama, Nono Mazangama, Kengbanda, Jose, Mushimbonga, Pitchou, Kuhapala, Blaise, Marcel, Nzosani, Guylain, Kienze, Mboma, Gerard, Sagboze, Sandra Zalambo, Manika, Michel Muteya, Kigayi, Jean Pierre Mumbere, Cishugi, Roger Mukanire, Mugisho, Placide Buhendwa, Baguma, Roger, Kongolo, Moïse, Mbayabu, Michel Mandungu, Muamba, Crispin Mukendi, Kapinga, Edmond Banema, Kapinga, Vasco Ngolela, Nsumpi, Guylain Tshimanga, Odia, Patrick Kanda, Bingidimi, Salomon, Kpengbemale, Gilbert, Imposo, Desire Hubert Bofunga Bosonga, Matondo, Patricia, Lelo, Servet, Kalambayi, Jeremie, Abdel-Ghaffar, Mohamed, Soliman, Abdelrahman, Abdelrahman, Mostafa, Shehata, Sameh, Rabee, Alia, Heba, Mohamed Abou, Abdelfattah, Mohamed Rabei, Ghoniem, Tamer Ahmed Maher, Shehata, Sherif M.K., Lotfy, Mohamed, ElHaddad, Ahmed, Gebremeskel, Bereket, Fisseha, Girmay, Abay, Mebrahtu, Bahrey, Degena, Hika, Assefa, Ali, Abdurezak, Moges, Kindie, Ahmed, Jemal, Abdisa, Desalegn, Megersa, Abebe, Abayne, Wendwosen, Berhane, Haftom, Esayas, Reiye, Kifle, Fitsum, Desita, Kokeb, Addise, Abebe, Shimelash, Dagim, Tadesse, Shitalem, Zemedkun, Bezaye, Kenna, Peniel, Yirdie, Ayenew, Sisay, Abinet, Gashu, Tebikew, Mihretu, Fassil, Ahmed, Yesuf, Debebe, Bekele, Misgea, Abdureuf, Agmas, Amare, Assefa, Rahel, Gelmo, Abdurahman, Alemu, Seifu, Damtachew, Brook, Mersha, Merid, Chemere, Yaekob, Fekadu, Samuel, Regasa, Sintayehu, Sileshi, Bonsa, Wosen, Desalegn, Adamu, Rebira, Mulugeta, Gersam, Bacha, Teshome, Gudisa, Zewude, Bekele, Kebebe, Tasew, Alelign, Gezahegn, Habtamu, Atlaw, Daniel, Solomon, Damtew, Gebresillasie, Habtemariam, Tesfaye, Girmaye, Sarbecha, Negussie, Sahiledengle, Biniyam, Seyoum, Kenbon, Ganfure, Gemechu, Tekalegn, Yohannes, Tesfaye, Gosa, Ayichew, Temesgen, Sendaba, Shibiru, Redwan, Musefa, Muse, Eyasu, Nina, Girma, Sime, Bizuneh, Tadege, Addisalem, Jima, Anbesse, Ayalew, Nugusu, Workneh, Dagmawi, Teferi, Daniel, Nyassi, Momodou T., Sanyang, Landing N., Jallow, Omar, Keita, Abdoulie, Jammeh, Kitabu, Roberts, Charles, Idoko, Patrick, Marenah, Kebba, Njie, Masirending, Marena, Musa, Suwareh, Karamba, Boissey, Simon, Jarjusey, Fatoumatta, Jah, Awa, Sanyang, Awa, Jabbi, Dado, Camara, Kajali, Correa, Armando, Jabang, John, Jaiteh, Lamin, Dampha, Lamin, Manneh, Aminata, Sowe, Baboucarr, Bah, Abdoulie, Jawo, Edrisa, Okoje, Victoria, Baro, Momodou, Bah, Yaya, Njie, Mustapha, Mbowe, Sainabou, Kanteh, Ebrima, Ceesay, Sarjo, Manneh, Alagie, Atito-Narh, Evans, Wilson, Adwoa, Hussey, Romeo, Okine, Emmanuel, Kwarteng, Jemima, Ntiamoah, Ridge, Dadzie, Samuel, Aseti, Mark, Sowah, Naa, Appiah, Akosua, Bankah, Charles, Mburugu, Patrick, Chokwe, Thomas, Olang, Patrick, Gacii, Vernon, Nabulindo, Susane, Gatheru, Antony, Mwiti, Timothy, Mwangi, Caroline, Muriithi, Julius, Ojuka, Daniel, Ogutu, Omondi, Masitara, Evans, Chaudhry, Mohamed, Kamundi, Reuben, Kangangi, Annmarie, Massaquoi, Thomas, Takow, Stephen, Moraa, Felister, Munubi, Aziz, Kimani, Moses, Wobenjo, Adili, Nguu, Linda, Omeddo, Vincent, Malaba, Rose, Nabwana, Ambrose, Mwancha, Anita, Mugaa, Alexandria, Wamwaki, John, Chege, Joyce, Sinari, Seymour, Ndonga, Andrew, Shitsinzi, Rose, Akello, Walter, Kimani, Winfred, Kirwa, Elisha, Saruni, Seno, Wainaina, Andrew, Nshom, Ernest, Kenseko, Aidah, Shisanya, Kizito, Wanjiru, Purity, Cherotich, Julliah, Kimutai, Judy, Wahome, Benson, Wangui, Grace, Wamalwa, Dennis, Mwangi, Stephen, Chege, John, Wanjiku, Tabitha, Njoki, Carolyne, Waititu, Wachira, Ambani, Conrad, Murimi, Samuel, Waithira, Sharon, Mouti, Nilson, Kibet, Collins, Kibet, John, Sokobe, Virginia, Jeymah, Beatrice, Kamadi, Antony, Gichuri, Faith, Moses, Steve, Wasike, David, Adeya, Favours, Bitta, Caesar, Ogendo, Stephen, Kariuki, Killian, BenAbdalla, Hdaya, Suliaman, Taha, Abokhzam, Fatima Ali, Isa, Mohaned, Huwaysh, Mohammed, Bourawi, Asma, Alzubaidy, Kais, Albaraesi, Mohammed, Bahroun, Sumayyah, Alhadi, Abdulmueti, Msherghi, Ahmed, Mohamed, Amira, Khaled, Ala, Aljadi, Nouran, Bareig, Elham, Elgazwi, Khaled, Elgazwi, Adel, El-busife, Ibrahim, Owhida, Safa, Eltwati, Almahdi, Elakeili, Samah, Abubaker, Taha, Elkhfeefi, Fatima, Hasan, Soha Younis, Alttaira, Amal, Elmraied, Imbarkah, Wishah, Rim, Abugassa, Omar, Ahmed, Hazem, Ellafi, Amera, Shoukrie, Shoukrie, Aldokali, Nawal, ElGammudi, Aws, Alkaseek, Akram, Elhaddad, Hoda, Alqaarh, Ayyah, Brish, Ahlam, Abudsnnuga, Malek, Albuaishi, Salsabil, Albashri, Mohammed, Morgom, Marwa, Alawami, Mohammed, Shawesh, Eman, Almabrouk, Abdullah, Alwarfalli, Moaz, Abeid, Nagia, Buzreg, Anis, Malek, Ans, Abayu, Ameerah, Abdulhafith, Butaina, Abouruwes, Wedad, Albakuri, Marim, Almuammari, Sabria, Alsaghair, Esam, Alreshi, Fatheia, Badi, Hassan, Alfetoey, Rabiee, Zubia, Naji, Almiqlash, Bushray, Alshuhoumi, Abdulsalam, Ben Jouira, Rayet Al-islam, Dier, Amaal, Gebril, Essra, Abdelkabir, Mohammed, Moussa, Sana, Alfitori, Marwa, Azbeda, Mabroukah, Alamin, Hajar, Barka, Ejmeya, Mosbah, Omlsaad, Abdasalam, Rema, Hiyoum, Miftah, Abd allateef, Maryam, Altomi, Ibrahim, Alsakloul, Mahdi, Karami, Ekhlas, Alriqeeq, Munyah, Omar, Mabruka, Samer, Ashraf, Aemeesh, Aml, Bouhuwaish, Ahmad, Elusta, Ahmed, Ahmeed, Sultan, Hassan, Wesal AlFighi, Altayr, Mouadah Ali, Addalla, Mohamed, Geddeda, Abrar, Khoja, Kheria, Alhaj, Doaa, Etturki, Muaad, Elhadi, Ahmed, Ellojli, Ibrahim, Shuwayyah, Anshirah, Elfaghih, Ahmed, Alduwayb, Malak, Aleiyan, Mohamed, Aboubreeq, Wedad, Alkassem, Soliman, Ashour, Sami, Ben Hasan, Hayat, Ben Hasan, Najat, Yahya, Ali, Chisala, Palesa, Kommwa, Edward, Simwinga, Lusayo, Chalira, Agness, Kachitsa, Precious, Mtalimanja, Onias, Traoré, Drissa, Sissoko, Moussa, Camara, Moussa, Koita, Adama, Koumaré, Sekou, Sacko, Omar, Coulibaly, Mahamadou, Soumaré, Lamine, Keita, Soumaïla, Keita, Sidiki, Dicko, Hamadoun, Diallo, Boubacar, Bengaly, Boureima, Keita, Mohamed, Diallo, Siaka, Ouattara, Drissa, Ongoiba, Nouhoun, Beye, Seydina, Berthe, Honoré, Diakite, Mamadou, Sima, Mamadou, Togo, Adégné, Dembele, Bakary, Diango, Djibo, Samake, Moussa, Traoré, Youssouf, Traoré, Louis, Oumar, Ongoïba, Gaoussou, Sogoba, Traoré, Issaga, Sangaré, Sidy, Kanté, Doua, Cissé, Lassana, Souleymane, Thiam, Koniba, Keita, Maiyalagan, Sundaresan, Chong, Julien, Mohit, Adil, Mungar, Khushyant, Vinayagam, Shankaran, Ramlochun, Kevin, Sim, Jamie, Sneha, Desai, Kissoon, Vishaal, Tseung, Yan, Aboobakar, Mohamed, Fokeerah, Nitish, Ramsewak, Ravi, Gopall, Jayprakash, Abeeluck, Meetheelesh, Seewoo, Varun, Jankee, Divyanand, Puryag, Ashveen, Beemadoo, Senthil, Deenoo, Yashraj, Goureah, Abhisek, Makoon, Munawwara, Rambojan, Hemanshu, Shanjugsingh, Beeharry, Viraswami, Kevin, Joomye, Shehzaad, Bhugwandass, Ashwant, Deelawar, Bibi, Leelodharry, Vakil, Mungur, Luckshmanraj, Aungraheeta, Sajid, Bhajoo, Sirsingh, Rajcoomar, Manpreet, Seetaram, Rishi, Gaya, Subha, Batra, Gini, Sunnassee, Yoshvin, Petkar, Shailendra, Hicham, Sbai, Smail, Labib, Said, Ait Laalim, Youssef, Motaai, Doumiri, Mouhssine, Alilou, Mustapha, Farnaoui, Nora, Bensghir, Mustapha, Elkoundi, Abdelghafour, Jaafari, Abdelhamid, Elwali, Abderhmann, Meziane, Mohammed, Atmani, Walid, Rebahi, Houssam, Chichou, Hajar, Zarouf, Safae, Soummani, Abderraouf, Taoufik, Abou Elhassan, Essafti, Meryem, Traoré, Aminata Oumou, Hamza, Hamzaoui, Berdai, Adnane, Linda, El allani, Oussama, Salhi, Mucopo, Nelson, Banze, Machado, Saide, Mouzinho, Sitoi, Tomas, Machava, Artur, Carlos, Antonio, Guidione, Amilton, de Carvalho, Antonio Saide, Gemo, Natacha, Camal, Samiro Sema, Cuna, Arsénio, Madeira, Ornelos, Assuade, Ladino, Fernandes, Dercio Amde, Fernandes, Dulce Alexandre Machavae, Sebastião, Mandua, Sikombe, Bernard, Kandjimi, Matti, Shekimweri, Ayoub, Shilomboleni, Diana, Kandjii, Mbaundju, Kabongo, Leonard, Hangero, Cholastic, Ndjoze, Ike, Nailonga, Ruben, Uukonga, Immanuel, Nakanyala, Uutoni, Johannes, Lavinia, Haruzuvi, Adrian, Terblanche, Chris, Shimenda, Natangwe, Katjipu, Delwina, Shalimba, Hilma, Kaweendwa, Juliah, Mbuyi, Ali, Oyedele, John, Mulolo, Mapumba, Njuki, Peter, Ndaie, Mutombo, Munyika, Akutu, Katangolo, Hilma, Tjiyokola, David, Mhene, Tawanda, Masiambiri, Archbald, Mandudzo, Paidamoyo, Kapepiso, Sandra, Mavesere, Haziel, Tjihoto, Cedia, Manyere, Daylight, Kauraisa, Charlotte, Garanowako, Learnmore, Tune, Michael, DeKlerk, William, Ndolo, Benvenue, Angula, Maria, Hishekwa, Ndapewoshali, Nandjendja, Elizabeth, Tsauses, Elsabe, Mouton, Eunice, Katandawa, Kudzai, Bruwer, Sophia, Van Staden, Jaydee, Siteketa, Beata, Kaholongo, Beata, Ntinda, Martha, Nashidengo, Pueya, Kandjumbwa, Johanna, Lipumbu, Lahia, Sirfi, Moussa, Djibo, Fouma, Mahaman, Moutari, Bachir, Abdoulaye Mahaman, Mamane, Maikassoua, Ousseini, Adakal, Hamissou Souley, Maman Noury, Oumarou, Rabo, Idrissa, Rekia, Ichaou, Moussa, Saley, Amina, Seyni, Abdoulay, Amadou, Sahabi, Mahamane Laminou, Mahamane Sani, Camara, Issoufou Moustapha, Gagara, Moussa, Daddy, Hadjara Rabiou, Adamou, Harissou, Magagi, Ibrahim Amadou, Habou, Oumarou, Ramatou, Sabo, Kadas, Saidu, Mohammed, Rabiu, Ballah, Abubakar, Olalekan, Tella, Bwala, Kefas, Adamu, Mohammed, Isa, Adamu, Adeyeye, Ademola, Fayose, Samuel, Akinmade, Akinola, Ajayi, Taiwo, Nwasor, Elizabeth, Yakubu, Saidu, Ugwu, Euphemia, Mukoro, George, Ahmed, Muhammed, Akafa, Gideon, Lawal, Ahmad, Nwoye, Daniel, Odigbo, Michael, Sarkin-Pawa, Zulaihatu, Sholadoye, Tunde, Fomete, Benjamin, Yakubu, Hamisu, Kabiru, Abdulkadir, Timothy, Samaila, Yusuf, Ali, Saadu, Tasiu, Mohammed, Babangida, Yunus, Abdulghaffar, Olagunju, Ganiyat, Aminu, Muhammad, Idris, Mohammad, Tolani, Musliu, Dalhat, Nasiru, Gana, Samuel, Adike, Talent, Anyanwu, Lofty-John, Sheshe, Abdurrahman, Aji, Sani, Atiku, Mamuda, Attah, Raphael, Muhammed, Abubakar, Oseni, Rasaki, Salisu-Kabara, Halima, Nkemjika, Benjamin, Salami, Omotayo, Akadri, Adekunle, Olayinka, Bukola, Onuoha, Clement, Jamaare, Umar Usman, Jibrin, Auwalu Saminu, Abdullahi, Sani Giade, Ishaku, Ibrahim, Odewabi, Adenike, Bamigboye, John, Kuforiji, Oladapo, Ogo, Chidiebere, Ogunmuyiwa, Stella, Abdurrazzaaq, Abdussemee, Tanimola, Adebayo, Adeyanju, Michael, Andero, Oluwatimilehin, Ojo, Temitope, Adedotun, Olusi, Kehinde, Gbadamosi, Buraimoh, Jimoh, Muhammad, Kabiru, Baidoo, Sophia, Okoli, Patrick, Adigun, Azeez, Ezeonye, Ekene, Isa, Kabir, Aremu-Kasumu, Yetunde, Shoretire, Kamil, Enesi, Peter, Ezike, Amechi, Olawoye, Olatunde, Ugwu, Emmanuel, Ukah, Christopher, Olugbenga, Abolade, Chidiebere, Nwachukwu, Abdulraman, Nasiru, Olusegun, Adebiyi, Halisa, Alisa, Yusuf, Semiat, Salisu, Jamila, Okoro, Chidiebube, Suleiman, Abdul, Onowighose, Fabian, Farinyaro, Aliyu, Baba, Suleiman, Abdulmajid, Umar, Abdurrahman, Aisha, Obi, Ogochukwu, Alabi, Olatunde, Adeyemi, William, Salau, Jelili, Taiwo, Jones, Nwafulume, Nnaemeka, Ibiyeye, Taiye, Agu, Edith, Danboy, Ayodeji, Abdulazeez, James, Ekwunife, Christopher, Nnaji, Chimaobi, Onyekpere, Chigozirim, Arunsi, Amara, Egwim, Jude, Nwana, Obianuju, Ojiegbe, Nnabuike, Mbamba, Charles, Ngwu, Paul, Imahigbe, Frank, Okoroji, Emmanuel, Ikenna, Iloh, Mohammed, Abdulrahman, Adeniyi, Adebayo, Ariyo, Toluwalope, Gabriel, Olajide, Orewole, Tesleem, Idris, Salawu, Adebara, Idowu, Okunlola, Abiodun, Akinbade, Akinwale, Afolabi, Oluwasesan, Bakare, Adewumi, Adeyemo, Olabisi, Ugwu, Benjamin, Nuhu, Samuel, Embu, Henry, Isamade, Erdoo, Obikili, Chinedu, Ocheke, Amaka, Peter, Solomon, Orshio, Donald, Onuminya, Peter, Okopi, Jack, Bankole, Olufemi, Afolabi, Bosede, Osinowo, Dapo, Oluwole, Ayodeji, Rotimi, Muyiwa, Desalu, Ibironke, Ojewola, Rufus, Mofikoya, Bolaji, Owonikoko, Kola, Adeoye, Adeolu, Bobo, Temidayo, Akinloye, Taiwo, Ama, David, Okoronkwo, Ebere, Mahmud, Muhammad, Adebiyi, Jamiu, Babalola, Temitope, Muhammad, Mansur, Aruna, Afeez, Osazuwa, Maryrose, Yusuf, Ayodeji, Lawal, Isiaka, Fidelis, Bitrus, Pius, Rephath, Jomosu, Cyril, Adedayo, Adebayo, Aliyu, Abubakar, Agholor, Adaora, Abdulazeez, Abdullateef, Bala, Chabiya, Eze, Eziamaka, Ani, Elizabeth, Okeke, Uchenna, Adebayo, Dominica, Ekwunife, Okechukwu, Modekwe, Victor, Ugwunne, Chuka, Okoro, Chukwuemeka, Uche, Chisom, Olateju, Simeon, Ige-Orhionkpaibima, Fred, Adetoye, Adedapo, Aaron, Olurotimi, Abimbola, Jeremiah, Faponle, Folayemi, Ajayeoba, Olumuyiwa, Jagun, Olusoji, Fatungase, Oluwabunmi, Akiseku, Adeniyi, Nwokoro, Chigbundu, Shoyemi, Ramotalai, Ogundele, Ibukunolu, Joseph, Nankat, Bura, Salihu, Nwezoku, Chukwuka, Bwala, Manu, Philips, Meshach, Usman, Abubakar, Filibus, Emmanuel, Umate, Zara, Chukwuka, Nwabuoke, Nuhu, Ahmed, Ibrahim, Watakiri, Nggada, James, Izge, Ali, Ismail, Musa, Eyelade, Olayinka, Adigun, Tinuola, Osinaike, Babatunde, Ogunbode, Olayinka, Idowu, Olusola, Lawal, Taiwo, Ogundiran, Temidayo, Shittu, Olayiwola, Ayandipo, Omobolaji, Edino, Stephen, Songden, Zumnan, Akitoye, Olumide, Ekele, Bissallah, Akaba, Godwin, Atim, Terkaa, Adeleke, Akitoye, Okochi, Owoicho, Akeju, Sunday, Ukpoju, Ernest, Osaheni, Osayomwanbo, Obaseki, Ifunanya, Kehinde, Lateef, Monday, Osawemwenze, Nte, Stanley, Agboifo, Adesuwa, Dawodu, Omajuwa, Orhiere, Precious, Atiti, David, Kalu, Queeneth, Effiom, Felix, Kolawole, Israel, Ojo, Olawale, Olabinjo, Afusat, Ige, Olufemi, Ogunyemi, Beatrice, Oladosu, Olusola, Adesina, Kikelomo, Agodirin, Sulaiman, Shittu, Asimiyu, Idrisa, Audu, Adamu, Sadiq, Ali, Nuhu, Adewunmi, Olayinka, Nwankwor, Stephen, Olakanmi, Akinwumi, Ajayi, Oluseye, Ajayi, Ayotolu, Ogunmola, Victor, Olakanmi, Oluwafunke, Kuranga, Adam, Uche, Enoch, Osuagwu, Chukwuemeka, Ilo, Chukwudi, Matthew, Mesi, Uko, Uko, Mba, Ngozi, Alagbe-Briggs, Olubusola, Dodiyi-Manuel, Amabra, Onajin-Obembe, Bisola, Obasuyi, Bright, Echem, Richard, Mike-Elechi, Ihuoma, Otokwala, Job, Edubio, Mark, Eyo, Catherine, Udo, Isaac, Abdulrahman, Aliyu, Abdullahi, A.A., Bello, Ibrahim Galadima, Mohammed, Usman Adinoyin, Oyaromade, Abidemi, Bello, Mohammed, Muhammad, Usman, Mbah, Emeri, Okereke, Hyacinth, Aminu, Almustapha, Ahmadu, Anthony, Rogers, Abu, Samai, Peter, Amara, Sao, Yankuba, Margaret, Josayah, Mary, Jnr, Jayah Swarray, Dawo, Alusine, George, Peter, Kabba, Mustapha, Bah, Mohamed, Mondeh, Charles, Kapuwa, Ibrahim, Sheku, Mohamed, Mattia, Philip, Sesay, Brima, Omoshoro-Jones, Jones O.A., Mbeki, Motselisi, Cloete, Estie, Anderson, Philip, Mrara, Busi, Steyn, Annemarie, Mhlari, Tsakani, Proctor, Nic, Robertson, Caroline, Lamacroft, Gillian, Singh, Usha, Sikhakhane, Sebenzile, Gate, Kelly, Nzenza, Shepherd, Kasonga, John Tshimbalanga, Ndebele, Sibongile, Kande, Patrick Lufuta, Davids, Jody, Orlandi, Tino-vito, de Jong, Marischka, Stark, Hugo, Roodt, Francois, Hall, Jonathan, Nortje, Ian, Akpakan, Akanimo, Govindasamy, Vishendran, Sathiram, Ronisha, Kathrada, Mohammad, Farina, Zane, Frittella, Lucio, Kohler, Charles, Lubelwana, Sibuyiselwe, Ikram-Hameed, Sarwat, Smit, Adriaan, Cassiem, Muneerah, Freeman, Yvonne, Goga, Saaliha, Cronje, Larissa, Buzdugan, Constantin, Chirkut, Subash, Singh, Priyadeshni, Jithoo, Sandhya, Rughubar, Vivesh, Arnold, John, Bipath, Rishan, Kinoo, Suman Mewa, Msolo, Ncumisa Khanyisa, Ackermans-Deijnen, Fleur, Boka, Tshegofatso Mmasello Emma, Greenwood, Martyn Biccard, Jayrajh, Shakthi Anand, Naidoo, Devarani, Reddy, Syndrini, Rungan, Devandiran Harriraman, Subrayen, Kylene, Roos, John, Tredoux, Nina, Plumacher, Pascal, Reed, Anthony, Steinhaus, Harald, Nock, Mariesa, Herselman, Paul Ryan, Davies, Gareth, Harvey, Talitha, Muller, Franklin, Naude, Willem, Pretorius, Tania, Swart, Johan Jochemus, Walls, Merryn, Gokal, Prashant, Rorke, Nicolette, Dhoodhat, Farzaana, Dzanibe, Precious, Hussain, Mohammed Yusuf, Junpath, Ashmita, Maharaj, Ameela, Makanisi, Hylda, Moosa, Khalid, Wong, Ting Ting, Mould, Sean, Ramsamy, Trisha, Matos-Puig, Roel, Morgan, Hayley, Nabeebuccas, Nadeem, Naidoo, Ria Devi, Pather, Viantha, Bahadur, Vasheel Vasheel, Pillay, Renilda, Fullerton, Zahnne, Bell, Nicole, Grey, Bongisa, Visentin, Vincent Lorenzo, Van Zyl, Hendrik Adriaan, Killingbeck, Terri Anne, Maneveldt, Emile, Thiart, Gerhard, Venter, Magdelena May, Swart, Oostewalt, Grobelaar, Mariette, Cairns, Carel, Bishop, David, Steenkamp, Christien, Khumalo, Thandekile, Naidoo, Noel, Murray, Ross, Kopieniak, Martin, Sishange, Melusi, Ndimande, Mxolisi Brian, Jaworska, Megan, Ikram, Sarwat, Rainier, Bence, Liebenberg, Renier J., Zwiegers, Helena D., Nortje, Philip M., Bhagwan, Kamal, Flint, Margot, Dyer, Robert, Adams, Simone, Bwambale, Yoshua, Ngomo, Danny, Kanku, Patrice, Pillay, Nivashen, de Castro, Alexa, Maharaj, Atisha, Carim, Janine, Taylor, Jenna Leigh, Köhne, Karl M., Drummond, Leanne W., Temlett, Leanne, Geldenhuys, Lieze, Seilbea, Yvonne, Naidoo, Kathryn, Kalafatis, Nicola A., Verwey, Stefné, Biyase, Thulile, Kisten, Theroshnie, Kusel, Belinda S., Hardcastle, Timothy Craig, Magagula, Richard, Kampik, Christian, Xulu, Kuzolunga, Solala, Sivuyisiwe, Sayed, Mia, Enicker, Basil, Madaree, Anil, Mukama, Innocent, Madombwe, Gladmore, Zulu, Nonhlanhla, Gasa, Nompumelelo, Kanjana, Nokuzula, Buthelezi, Sebenzile, Buthelezi, Thembelihle, Brink, Andries, Potgieter, Francois, Mrara, Busisiwe, Alexander, Zaynab, Choto, Charles, Ima, Paula, Gxagxisa, Zintle, Ningiza, Baphethuxolo, Lamacraft, Gillian, Mogorosi, Jerome, du Plessis, Nadia, de Man, Leonie, Thompson, Suné, van Heerden, Gerrit, Turton, Edwin W., van der Linde, Pieter M., Teme-Pitse, Josephine K., Tladi, Reitumetse, Saffy, Gillian D., Roscher, Ene-Mari, Fortune, Kristel, Barnard, George, Makhasane, Tiisetso, Bowen, Evan, Pal, Akangcha, Moore, Rachel, Fourtounas, Maria, Adam, Mary Augusta, Arumugan, Renessa, Hyman, Gabriella, Jonosky, Jaclyn, Makondo, Maninginingi, Moodley, Heveshan, Munda, Phillip, Nyalungu, Mzwandile, Olusola, Victor, Pinto, Sohan Zane, Pillay, Tristan, Singh, Lucinda, Wondoh, Paul Mwindekuma, Devar, John, Baloyi-Mnisi, Boitumelo, Koto, Zach, Mabitsela, Matlou Ernest, Ndlovu, Sibongile Ruth, Mthelebofu, Branny, Beck, Colin, Dold, Matthew, Fan, Alice, MacQueen, Shannon, Matabata, Thembani, Mpehle, Catherine, Kulenkampf, Charné, Mhlari, Tsakani McCreath, Nyoka-Mokgalong, Simangele Cecilia, Masinge, Felix Thumba, Gunpath, Randhir Ramnath, Pat Mothwa, Maropeng Petrus, Mothwa, Jo-Anne Asenath, Mhlanga, Danai, Colly, Jamie-Lyn, Peter, Aunel Mallier, Ben Hameda, Khalid, Mokae, Pulane, Moumakoe, Stella Josephine, Ekeh, Kelechi, Lengo, Nezingu, Booyens, Marnus, Seale, Inge Louise, Theron, Pieter Daniel, Schuman, Nicolaas Abraham, Sonn, Amber Carlyn, Stander, Jacobus Lukas, Cloete, Nadia, Cloete, Marius, Makepeace, Catherine Ann, van der Westhuizen, Ronel, Messiahs, Leanne Robyn, Visagie, Amy Ruth, Vawda, Fatima, Voster, Frans Christiaan, Dhilraj, Deepika, Smith, Oliver, Bolon, Stefan, Montwedi, Daniel, Mbeki, Motsilisi, Wyngaard, Jayde, Ngcelwane, Mthunzi, Kleyenstuber, Thomas, Phukubye, Phyllis, Schärf, Liesel, Laker, Grace, Semenya, Elizabeth, Dembskey, Reinhard, Tarlton, Thomas, Jiri, Tapiwa, Mushid, Ngoie Hubert, Ngwenya, Nhlanhla Samuel, Mogodi, Hazel Morongoa, Sinevici, Carmen, Usenbo, Anthony Osarogie, Fodo, Naledi, Chimini, Anesu, Sikobi, Ntetelelo, Nokwange, Sinovuyo, Noqhamza, Mluleki, Thembisa, Qumba, Bhat, Kajake Anantha Padmanabha, Mathew, Rabin, Middleton, Katrin, Adewunmi, Abdus-sami, Dickson, Craig, Bulbulia, Humairah, Bester, Bianka, de Klerk, Michelle, Benade, Christia, Viljoen, Francois, Fischer, Monique, Alfaki, Khalid, Awad, Abdalmalik, Algray, Abdelsalam, Elsiddig, Mohammed, Mohamed, Suha, Mahmoud, Salih, Osman, Muhammed, Elgailany, Asia, Suliman, Mazin, Mohammed, Hanaa, Aljeally, Lina, Dirar, Mohammed, Osman, Mohammed, Mohamed, Mazin, Elhasan, Mohamed, Widatalla, Abrar, Abubakr, Abubakr, Mohamed, Eman, Nour, Alshareef, Gama, Ntonto Doris, Shabangu, Dolorosa Khetsiwe, Iradikunda, Cynthia, Mkoko, Samuel, Kisanga, Paul, Lema, Emmanuel, Lyimo, Benson, Binde, Mohamed, Chandika, Alphonce, Salim, Salim, Jumbe, Sylvia, Makubi, Abel, Kotecha, Vihar, Kachinde, Felician, Nyakiroto, Museleta, Jitambi, Emmanuel, Geofrey, Venant, Josiah, Johaphes, Makubi, Phinius, Manumbu, Frank, Mlingwa, Suzan, Ibenzi, Ernest, Mbelle, Peter, Peleus, Kato, Chiwanga, Enid, Richard, Nillah, Leonard, Shoo, Sanka, Paulo, Mushi, Subira, Nyangasa, Bashir, Janabi, Mohamed, Majani, Naizihijwa, Palangyo, Pedro, Nyawawa, Evarist, Ramadhan, William, Lydenge, Faraj, Masenga, Gileard Gabriel, Rashid, Sakina, Jusabani, Mubashir, Ndebea, Ansbert, Cheru, Jenitha, Henjewele, Margaret, Kilimanjaro, Greyson, Sikimata, Sarah, Donatus, Deocles, Maduhu, Hazina, Mariro, Tumaini, Massasi, Given, Shabani, Moshi Moshi, Cholela, Braison, Mgeleka, Marco, Mbilinyi, Yohatinus, Chiwanga, Faraja, Exavery, Bilton, Haule, Caspar, Ndile, Samson, Harya, Sirili, Magandi, Julieth, Manyama, Deogratius, Matindi, Redempta, Moshi, Adam, Kitwana, Daudi, Makia, Merida, Muhochi, Philip, Herman, Miriam, Miombo, Clauda, Kahindo, Furaha, Kishebuka, Langtone, Ussiri, Elijah, Kinasa, Gloria, Adel, Patrick, Malaba, Eric, Sakwari, Vensesla, Lugereka, Sadot, Mungia, Mohamed, Mocha, George, Wella, Herman, Protas, Cecilia, Karua, Patrick, Kashagama, Ahmada, Mwasambugu, Faraja, Kajeri, Suzana, Mchilla, Jacquiline, Lucumay, Elibariki, Maise, Robert, Marti, Amon, Mahundi, Beatrice, Jager, Frederika, Majani, Charles, Rukeha, Ludovick, Mohamed, Tareeq, Fuad, Nabila, Halinga, Winifrida, Chrisant, Elias, Msoma, Gilbert, Kihwili, Titus, Temu, Gadiel, Yusuf, Naima, Saleh, Rashid, Inoja, Rashid, Shang'a, Eva, Ibrahim, Stella, Msuma, Hussein, Edward, Edwin, Kilamile, Paul, Mwakyolile, Stephen, Adja, Talkana, Gueouguede, Edem, Oussene Seddoh, Hafoudhoi, Adam, Saliou, Egbohou, Pilakimwe, Ahomagnon, Mawunyo, Kadjossou, Olivier, Boukari, Abdul-Bassiti, Nabukenya, Mary T., Muhindo, Ruth, Waswa, Peter, Agaba, Peter Kaahwa, Kabatoro, Daphne, Kayongo, Joseph, Naggujja, Margaret, Rehema, Nabasiige, Nansubuga, Phiona, Kavuma, Daniel, Lubikire, Aggrey, Bisilikirwa, Hope, Ssebaggala, Godfrey, Muwema, Emmanuel, Agaba, Humble Joan, Kiconco, John, Wataaka, Nicholas, Chan, Bonet, Nampawu, Mary Juliet, Bulamba, Fred, Bua, Emmanuel, Mugala, Christine, Nyakato, Caroline, Ochieng, John Paul, Jovia, Linda Kyomuhendo, Kateregga, George, Alum, Rachel, Najjuma, Lazia, Nampiina, Gorret, Kintu, Andrew, Sempiira, Joshua, Simon, Luzige, Kayima, Peter, Eyul, Jacob, Odwar, Erick, Nkwine, Rita, Namata, Christine, Nabakka, Elizabeth, Kakaire, Denis, Mushangwe-Mtisi, Velda, Munhamo, Erisha, Dhege, Celestino, Hungwa, Juliet, Jasi, Hemish, Ntoto, Crispin, Matsika, Derek, Mutseyekwa, Brightson, Zimbovoora, Joseph, Gudyanga, Beaulah, Mazingi, Dennis, Mbanje, Chenesa, Mlambo, Busisiwe, Chiwanga, Michael, Chifamba, Harunavamwe N., Zhou, Sarudzai, Hove, Esta, Dende, Shamiso, Manjengwa, Beauty, Kapisa, Penias, Mashava, Chiura, Caritas, Katsukunya, Locadia, Muguti, Godfrey, Mashava, Doreen, Ndhlovu, Elton, Mangwangwa, Zanele, Dube, Nombulelo, Stephens, Timothy, Pearse, Rupert, Puchert, Mariechen, Martin, Graham, and Biccard, Bruce
Published: 2021
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19. Serotype 3 Experimental Human Pneumococcal Challenge (EHPC) study protocol: dose ranging and reproducibility in a healthy volunteer population (challenge 3)

Author: Hazenberg, Phoebe, primary, Robinson, Ryan E, additional, Farrar, Madlen, additional, Solorzano, Carla, additional, Hyder-Wright, Angela, additional, Liatsikos, Konstantinos, additional, Brunning, Jaye, additional, Fleet, Hannah, additional, Bettam, Amy, additional, Howard, Ashleigh, additional, Kenny-Nyazika, Tinashe, additional, Urban, Britta, additional, Mitsi, Elena, additional, El Safadi, Dima, additional, Davies, Kelly, additional, Lesosky, Maia, additional, Gordon, Stephen B, additional, Ferreira, Daniela M, additional, and Collins, Andrea M, additional
Published: 2024
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20. Enhanced postoperative surveillance versus standard of care to reduce mortality among adult surgical patients in Africa (ASOS-2): a cluster-randomised controlled trial

Author: Biccard, Bruce M, du Toit, Leon, Lesosky, Maia, Stephens, Tim, Myer, Landon, Prempeh, Agya BA, Vickery, Nicola, Kluyts, Hyla-Louise, Torborg, Alexandra, Omigbodun, Akinyinka, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elfagieh, Mohamed, Mbwele, Bernard, Ulisubisya, Mpoki, Mboma, Lazaro, Ashebir, Daniel Z, Bahta, Mahlet Tesfaye, Hassen, Mohammed, Teferi, Mikiyas, Seman, Yakob, Zoumenou, Eugene, Hewitt-Smith, Adam, Tumukunde, Janat, Munlemvo, Dolly, Morais, Atilio, Basenero, Apollo, Ndarukwa, Pisirai, Ouerdraogo, Nazinigouba, Chaibou, Maman Sani, Zarouf, Mohyeddine, El Adib, Ahmed Rhassane, Gobin, Veekash, Sanogo, Zimogo, Coulibaly, Youssouf, Ngumi, Zipporah, Fadalla, Tarig, Iradukunda, Cynthia, Barendegere, Vénérand, Smalle, Isaac O, Bittaye, Mustapha, Samateh, Ahmadou Lamin, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Fawzy, Maher, Mulwafu, Wakisa, Msosa, Vanessa, Lopes, Lygia, Antwi-Kusi, Akwasi, Sama, Hamza D, Forget, Patrice, van Straaten, Dawid, Pearse, Rupert M, Puchert, Marichen, Rolt, Lucy, Schwebler, Kris, Kabambi, Freddy, Mabotja, Tebogo, Cobas, Leandys, Freitas, Albino, Antunes, Maria, Cabo, Bartolomeu, Paulo, Domingos, Camongua, Carlos, Avognon, Yvette, Marcos, Osseni, Kintomonho, Raymond, Demahou, Onesime, Hounsa, Gisèle, Chobli, Hugues, Fassinou, Elie, Zoglobossou, Aurore, Tchaou, Blaise, Tchegnonsi, Charles, Amadji, Fifame, Bossa, Francine, Ahounou, Ernest, Alao, Djima, Odérémi, Roushdane, Montairou, Afissatou, Gbehade, Oswald, Tobome, Romaric, Boukari, Adam, Bakantieba, Patrick, Sambo, Arouna, Lionelle, Fanou, Gilbert, Nounagnon, Attinon, Julien, Klikpezo, Roger, Dadjo, Aumar, Fanou, Dénis, Hounkpe, Gilberte, Fafana, Bachabi, Nguilu, Néné, Dossou-Yovo, Bodourin, Segla, Chantal, Toko, Mohamed, Gnele-Dedewanou, Evelyne, Noukounwoui, Michel, Yado, Ethienne, Gouroubéra, Timothé, Adjignon, Valéry, Mewanou, Serge, Tchomgang, Aïcha, Agossou, Urielle, Soton, Fernand, Azanlin, Charbel, Zomahoun, Lidwine, Kabore, Rawéléguinbasba Armel Flavien, Savadogo, Salam, Sanou, Fatou Fleur Rosine, Belém, Farid, Hien, Victoria, Bougouma, Cheik Tidiane Hafid W, Ouattara, Sie Ahmed, Kabore, Mariam Bambara, Nazinigouba, Ouedraogo, Bonkoungou, Papougnezambo, Lankoandé, Martin, Traoré, Mireille, Sawadogo, Patrick, Wenmenga, Inès, Kinda, Boureima, Simporé, André, Sapo, Christian, Traore, Salah Idriss, Dipama, Haoua, Kaboré, Lydie WR, Napon, Salifou, Kaboré, Télesphore G, Louré, Arouna, Tondé, Pélagie PP, Zoundi, Christian, Sanou, Harouna, Ndikumana, Remy, Nsengiyumva, Carlos, Sund, Gregory, Niyukuri, Alliance, Kwizera, Axel, Niyondiko, Jean-Claude, Kilembe, Adolphe Manzanza, Ilunga, Jean Pierre Mwema, Sarah, Nehema Hailemariam, Makeya, Gabriel Mubobo, Mwepu, Idesbald Mwebe, Likongo, Ted Botawaosenge, Mvwala, Richard Kapela, Mubunda, Raphael Nzau Kapend, Mukuna, Noellie Kanka, Pembe, Julie Djondo, Ndaye, Nicolas Lumuanga, Amisi, Eric Bibonge, Madika, Mike Ilunga, Lungela, Joe Kembo, Mayemba, Didier Ndonda, Diyoyo, Philomene Mamba, Ngalala, Alex Mbo, Mukenga, Martin Mamba, Kabuni, Patricia Tito, Mpoto, Dany Bolimo, Mole, Herve Inesnku, Keby, Louise, Buti, Oria Andavo, Phaka, Anselme, Mayenge, Belinda, Kalongo, Jean Jeacques Kabuley, Mawisa, Timothe Kemfuni, Ngwizani, Rodrigue Tondo, Leya, Kuyala, Sanduku, Dieudonne Kisile, Mawisa, Timothe Nkemfuni, Mfumu, Coco Nseke, Bolenge, Mbuta, Kabuce, Desire Kinzenzengu, Kintieti, Patrick, Mbuluku, Amelia, Mahuwa, Vicky, Mabiala, Tharcice Khonde, Ngoy, Guilain, Boloko, Patrick, Mvwama, Nono Mazangama, Kengbanda, Jose, Mushimbonga, Pitchou, Kuhapala, Blaise, Marcel, Nzosani, Guylain, Kienze, Mboma, Gerard, Sagboze, Sandra Zalambo, Manika, Michel Muteya, Kigayi, Jean Pierre Mumbere, Cishugi, Roger Mukanire, Mugisho, Placide Buhendwa, Baguma, Roger, Kongolo, Moïse, Mbayabu, Michel Mandungu, Muamba, Crispin Mukendi, Kapinga, Edmond Banema, Kapinga, Vasco Ngolela, Nsumpi, Guylain Tshimanga, Odia, Patrick Kanda, Bingidimi, Salomon, Kpengbemale, Gilbert, Imposo, Desire Hubert Bofunga Bosonga, Matondo, Patricia, Lelo, Servet, Kalambayi, Jeremie, Abdel-Ghaffar, Mohamed, Soliman, Abdelrahman, Abdelrahman, Mostafa, Shehata, Sameh, Rabee, Alia, Heba, Mohamed Abou, Abdelfattah, Mohamed Rabei, Ghoniem, Tamer Ahmed Maher, Shehata, Sherif M.K., Lotfy, Mohamed, ElHaddad, Ahmed, Gebremeskel, Bereket, Fisseha, Girmay, Abay, Mebrahtu, Bahrey, Degena, Hika, Assefa, Ali, Abdurezak, Moges, Kindie, Ahmed, Jemal, Abdisa, Desalegn, Megersa, Abebe, Abayne, Wendwosen, Berhane, Haftom, Esayas, Reiye, Kifle, Fitsum, Desita, Kokeb, Addise, Abebe, Shimelash, Dagim, Tadesse, Shitalem, Zemedkun, Bezaye, Kenna, Peniel, Yirdie, Ayenew, Sisay, Abinet, Gashu, Tebikew, Mihretu, Fassil, Ahmed, Yesuf, Debebe, Bekele, Misgea, Abdureuf, Agmas, Amare, Assefa, Rahel, Gelmo, Abdurahman, Alemu, Seifu, Damtachew, Brook, Mersha, Merid, Chemere, Yaekob, Fekadu, Samuel, Regasa, Sintayehu, Sileshi, Bonsa, Wosen, Desalegn, Adamu, Rebira, Mulugeta, Gersam, Bacha, Teshome, Gudisa, Zewude, Bekele, Kebebe, Tasew, Alelign, Gezahegn, Habtamu, Atlaw, Daniel, Solomon, Damtew, Gebresillasie, Habtemariam, Tesfaye, Girmaye, Sarbecha, Negussie, Sahiledengle, Biniyam, Seyoum, Kenbon, Ganfure, Gemechu, Tekalegn, Yohannes, Tesfaye, Gosa, Ayichew, Temesgen, Sendaba, Shibiru, Redwan, Musefa, Muse, Eyasu, Nina, Girma, Sime, Bizuneh, Tadege, Addisalem, Jima, Anbesse, Ayalew, Nugusu, Workneh, Dagmawi, Teferi, Daniel, Nyassi, Momodou T, Sanyang, Landing N, Jallow, Omar, Keita, Abdoulie, Jammeh, Kitabu, Roberts, Charles, Idoko, Patrick, Marenah, Kebba, Njie, Masirending, Marena, Musa, Suwareh, Karamba, Boissey, Simon, Jarjusey, Fatoumatta, Jah, Awa, Sanyang, Awa, Jabbi, Dado, Camara, Kajali, Correa, Armando, Jabang, John, Jaiteh, Lamin, Dampha, Lamin, Manneh, Aminata, Sowe, Baboucarr, Bah, Abdoulie, Jawo, Edrisa, Okoje, Victoria, Baro, Momodou, Bah, Yaya, Njie, Mustapha, Mbowe, Sainabou, Kanteh, Ebrima, Ceesay, Sarjo, Manneh, Alagie, Atito-Narh, Evans, Wilson, Adwoa, Hussey, Romeo, Okine, Emmanuel, Kwarteng, Jemima, Ntiamoah, Ridge, Dadzie, Samuel, Aseti, Mark, Sowah, Naa, Appiah, Akosua, Bankah, Charles, Mburugu, Patrick, Chokwe, Thomas, Olang, Patrick, Gacii, Vernon, Nabulindo, Susane, Gatheru, Antony, Mwiti, Timothy, Mwangi, Caroline, Muriithi, Julius, Ojuka, Daniel, Ogutu, Omondi, Masitara, Evans, Chaudhry, Mohamed, Kamundi, Reuben, Kangangi, Annmarie, Massaquoi, Thomas, Takow, Stephen, Moraa, Felister, Munubi, Aziz, Kimani, Moses, Wobenjo, Adili, Nguu, Linda, Omeddo, Vincent, Malaba, Rose, Nabwana, Ambrose, Mwancha, Anita, Mugaa, Alexandria, Wamwaki, John, Chege, Joyce, Sinari, Seymour, Ndonga, Andrew, Shitsinzi, Rose, Akello, Walter, Kimani, Winfred, Kirwa, Elisha, Saruni, Seno, Wainaina, Andrew, Nshom, Ernest, Kenseko, Aidah, Shisanya, Kizito, Wanjiru, Purity, Cherotich, Julliah, Kimutai, Judy, Wahome, Benson, Wangui, Grace, Wamalwa, Dennis, Mwangi, Stephen, Chege, John, Wanjiku, Tabitha, Njoki, Carolyne, Waititu, Wachira, Ambani, Conrad, Murimi, Samuel, Waithira, Sharon, Mouti, Nilson, Kibet, Collins, Kibet, John, Sokobe, Virginia, Jeymah, Beatrice, Kamadi, Antony, Gichuri, Faith, Moses, Steve, Wasike, David, Adeya, Favours, Bitta, Caesar, Ogendo, Stephen, Kariuki, Killian, BenAbdalla, Hdaya, Suliaman, Taha, Ali Abokhzam, Fatima, Isa, Mohaned, Huwaysh, Mohammed, Bourawi, Asma, Alzubaidy, Kais, Albaraesi, Mohammed, Bahroun, Sumayyah, Alhadi, Abdulmueti, Msherghi, Ahmed, Mohamed, Amira, Khaled, Ala, Aljadi, Nouran, Bareig, Elham, Elgazwi, Khaled, Elgazwi, Adel, El-busife, Ibrahim, Owhida, Safa, Eltwati, Almahdi, Elakeili, Samah, Abubaker, Taha, Elkhfeefi, Fatima, Hasan, Soha Younis, Alttaira, Amal, Elmraied, Imbarkah, Wishah, Rim, Abugassa, Omar, Ahmed, Hazem, Ellafi, Amera, Shoukrie, Shoukrie, Aldokali, Nawal, ElGammudi, Aws, Alkaseek, Akram, Elhaddad, Hoda, Alqaarh, Ayyah, Brish, Ahlam, Abudsnnuga, Malek, Albuaishi, Salsabil, Albashri, Mohammed, Morgom, Marwa, Alawami, Mohammed, Shawesh, Eman, Almabrouk, Abdullah, Alwarfalli, Moaz, Abeid, Nagia, Buzreg, Anis, Malek, Ans, Abayu, Ameerah, Abdulhafith, Butaina, Abouruwes, Wedad, Albakuri, Marim, Almuammari, Sabria, Alsaghair, Esam, Alreshi, Fatheia, Badi, Hassan, Alfetoey, Rabiee, Zubia, Naji, Almiqlash, Bushray, Alshuhoumi, Abdulsalam, Ben Jouira, Rayet Al-islam, Dier, Amaal, Gebril, Essra, Abdelkabir, Mohammed, Moussa, Sana, Alfitori, Marwa, Azbeda, Mabroukah, Alamin, Hajar, Barka, Ejmeya, Mosbah, Omlsaad, Abdasalam, Rema, Hiyoum, Miftah, Abd allateef, Maryam, Altomi, Ibrahim, Alsakloul, Mahdi, Karami, Ekhlas, Alriqeeq, Munyah, Omar, Mabruka, Samer, Ashraf, Aemeesh, Aml, Bouhuwaish, Ahmad, Elusta, Ahmed, Ahmeed, Sultan, Hassan, Wesal AlFighi, Altayr, Mouadah Ali, Addalla, Mohamed, Geddeda, Abrar, Khoja, Kheria, Alhaj, Doaa, Etturki, Muaad, Elhadi, Ahmed, Ellojli, Ibrahim, Shuwayyah, Anshirah, Elfaghih, Ahmed, Alduwayb, Malak, Aleiyan, Mohamed, Aboubreeq, Wedad, Alkassem, Soliman, Ashour, Sami, Ben Hasan, Hayat, Ben Hasan, Najat, Yahya, Ali, Chisala, Palesa, Kommwa, Edward, Simwinga, Lusayo, Chalira, Agness, Kachitsa, Precious, Mtalimanja, Onias, Traoré, Drissa, Sissoko, Moussa, Camara, Moussa, Koita, Adama, Koumaré, Sekou, Sacko, Omar, Coulibaly, Mahamadou, Soumaré, Lamine, Keita, Soumaïla, Keita, Sidiki, Dicko, Hamadoun, Diallo, Boubacar, Bengaly, Boureima, Keita, Mohamed, Diallo, Siaka, Ouattara, Drissa, Ongoiba, Nouhoun, Beye, Seydina, Berthe, Honoré, Diakite, Mamadou, Sima, Mamadou, Togo, Adégné, Dembele, Bakary, Diango, Djibo, Samake, Moussa, Traoré, Youssouf, Traoré, Louis, Oumar, Ongoïba, Gaoussou, Sogoba, Traoré, Issaga, Sangaré, Sidy, Kanté, Doua, Cissé, Lassana, Souleymane, Thiam, Koniba, Keita, Maiyalagan, Sundaresan, Chong, Julien, Mohit, Adil, Mungar, Khushyant, Vinayagam, Shankaran, Ramlochun, Kevin, Sim, Jamie, Sneha, Desai, Kissoon, Vishaal, Tseung, Yan, Aboobakar, Mohamed, Fokeerah, Nitish, Ramsewak, Ravi, Gopall, Jayprakash, Abeeluck, Meetheelesh, Seewoo, Varun, Jankee, Divyanand, Puryag, Ashveen, Beemadoo, Senthil, Deenoo, Yashraj, Goureah, Abhisek, Makoon, Munawwara, Rambojan, 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Suleiman, Abdulmajid, Umar, Abdurrahman, Aisha, Obi, Ogochukwu, Alabi, Olatunde, Adeyemi, William, Salau, Jelili, Taiwo, Jones, Nwafulume, Nnaemeka, Ibiyeye, Taiye, Agu, Edith, Danboy, Ayodeji, Abdulazeez, James, Ekwunife, Christopher, Nnaji, Chimaobi, Onyekpere, Chigozirim, Arunsi, Amara, Egwim, Jude, Nwana, Obianuju, Ojiegbe, Nnabuike, Mbamba, Charles, Ngwu, Paul, Imahigbe, Frank, Okoroji, Emmanuel, Ikenna, Iloh, Mohammed, Abdulrahman, Adeniyi, Adebayo, Ariyo, Toluwalope, Gabriel, Olajide, Orewole, Tesleem, Idris, Salawu, Adebara, Idowu, Okunlola, Abiodun, Akinbade, Akinwale, Afolabi, Oluwasesan, Bakare, Adewumi, Adeyemo, Olabisi, Ugwu, Benjamin, Nuhu, Samuel, Embu, Henry, Isamade, Erdoo, Obikili, Chinedu, Ocheke, Amaka, Peter, Solomon, Orshio, Donald, Onuminya, Peter, Okopi, Jack, Bankole, Olufemi, Afolabi, Bosede, Osinowo, Dapo, Oluwole, Ayodeji, Rotimi, Muyiwa, Desalu, Ibironke, Ojewola, Rufus, Mofikoya, Bolaji, Owonikoko, Kola, Adeoye, Adeolu, Bobo, Temidayo, Akinloye, Taiwo, Ama, David, Okoronkwo, Ebere, Mahmud, Muhammad, Adebiyi, Jamiu, Babalola, Temitope, Muhammad, Mansur, Aruna, Afeez, Osazuwa, Maryrose, Yusuf, Ayodeji, Lawal, Isiaka, Fidelis, Bitrus, Pius, Rephath, Jomosu, Cyril, Adedayo, Adebayo, Aliyu, Abubakar, Agholor, Adaora, Abdulazeez, Abdullateef, Bala, Chabiya, Eze, Eziamaka, Ani, Elizabeth, Okeke, Uchenna, Adebayo, Dominica, Ekwunife, Okechukwu, Modekwe, Victor, Ugwunne, Chuka, Okoro, Chukwuemeka, Uche, Chisom, Olateju, Simeon, Ige-Orhionkpaibima, Fred, Adetoye, Adedapo, Aaron, Olurotimi, Abimbola, Jeremiah, Faponle, Folayemi, Ajayeoba, Olumuyiwa, Jagun, Olusoji, Fatungase, Oluwabunmi, Akiseku, Adeniyi, Nwokoro, Chigbundu, Shoyemi, Ramotalai, Ogundele, Ibukunolu, Joseph, Nankat, Bura, Salihu, Nwezoku, Chukwuka, Bwala, Manu, Philips, Meshach, Usman, Abubakar, Filibus, Emmanuel, Umate, Zara, Chukwuka, Nwabuoke, Nuhu, Ahmed, Ibrahim, Watakiri, Nggada, James, Izge, Ali, Ismail, Musa, Eyelade, Olayinka, Adigun, Tinuola, Osinaike, Babatunde, Ogunbode, Olayinka, Idowu, Olusola, Lawal, Taiwo, Ogundiran, Temidayo, Shittu, Olayiwola, Ayandipo, Omobolaji, Edino, Stephen, Songden, Zumnan, Akitoye, Olumide, Ekele, Bissallah, Akaba, Godwin, Atim, Terkaa, Adeleke, Akitoye, Okochi, Owoicho, Akeju, Sunday, Ukpoju, Ernest, Osaheni, Osayomwanbo, Obaseki, Ifunanya, Kehinde, Lateef, Monday, Osawemwenze, Nte, Stanley, Agboifo, Adesuwa, Dawodu, Omajuwa, Orhiere, Precious, Atiti, David, Kalu, Queeneth, Effiom, Felix, Kolawole, Israel, Ojo, Olawale, Olabinjo, Afusat, Ige, Olufemi, Ogunyemi, Beatrice, Oladosu, Olusola, Adesina, Kikelomo, Agodirin, Sulaiman, Shittu, Asimiyu, Idrisa, Audu, Adamu, Sadiq, Ali, Nuhu, Adewunmi, Olayinka, Nwankwor, Stephen, Olakanmi, Akinwumi, Ajayi, Oluseye, Ajayi, Ayotolu, Ogunmola, Victor, Olakanmi, Oluwafunke, Kuranga, Adam, Uche, Enoch, Osuagwu, Chukwuemeka, Ilo, Chukwudi, Matthew, Mesi, Uko, Uko, Mba, Ngozi, Alagbe-Briggs, Olubusola, Dodiyi-Manuel, Amabra, Onajin-Obembe, Bisola, Obasuyi, Bright, Echem, Richard, Mike-Elechi, Ihuoma, Otokwala, Job, Edubio, Mark, Eyo, Catherine, Udo, Isaac, Abdulrahman, Aliyu, Abdullahi, A.A., Bello, Ibrahim Galadima, Mohammed, Usman Adinoyin, Oyaromade, Abidemi, Bello, Mohammed, Muhammad, Usman, Mbah, Emeri, Okereke, Hyacinth, Aminu, Almustapha, Ahmadu, Anthony, Rogers, Abu, Samai, Peter, Amara, Sao, Yankuba, Margaret, Josayah, Mary, Swarray Jnr, Jayah, Dawo, Alusine, George, Peter, Kabba, Mustapha, Bah, Mohamed, Mondeh, Charles, Kapuwa, Ibrahim, Sheku, Mohamed, Mattia, Philip, Sesay, Brima, Omoshoro-Jones, Jones O.A., Mbeki, Motselisi, Cloete, Estie, Anderson, Philip, Mrara, Busi, Steyn, Annemarie, Mhlari, Tsakani, Proctor, Nic, Robertson, Caroline, Lamacroft, Gillian, Singh, Usha, Sikhakhane, Sebenzile, Gate, Kelly, Nzenza, Shepherd, Kasonga, John Tshimbalanga, Ndebele, Sibongile, Kande, Patrick Lufuta, Davids, Jody, Orlandi, Tino-vito, de Jong, Marischka, Stark, Hugo, Roodt, Francois, Hall, Jonathan, Nortje, Ian, Akpakan, Akanimo, Govindasamy, Vishendran, Sathiram, Ronisha, Kathrada, Mohammad, Farina, Zane, Frittella, Lucio, Kohler, Charles, Lubelwana, Sibuyiselwe, Ikram-Hameed, Sarwat, Smit, Adriaan, Cassiem, Muneerah, Freeman, Yvonne, Goga, Saaliha, Cronje, Larissa, Buzdugan, Constantin, Chirkut, Subash, Singh, Priyadeshni, Jithoo, Sandhya, Rughubar, Vivesh, Arnold, John, Bipath, Rishan, Kinoo, Suman Mewa, Msolo, Ncumisa Khanyisa, Ackermans-Deijnen, Fleur, Boka, Tshegofatso Mmasello Emma, Greenwood, Martyn Biccard, Jayrajh, Shakthi Anand, Naidoo, Devarani, Reddy, Syndrini, Rungan, Devandiran Harriraman, Subrayen, Kylene, Roos, John, Tredoux, Nina, Plumacher, Pascal, Reed, Anthony, Steinhaus, Harald, Nock, Mariesa, Herselman, Paul Ryan, Davies, Gareth, Harvey, Talitha, Muller, Franklin, Naude, Willem, Pretorius, Tania, Swart, Johan Jochemus, Walls, Merryn, Gokal, Prashant, Rorke, Nicolette, Dhoodhat, Farzaana, Dzanibe, Precious, Hussain, Mohammed Yusuf, Junpath, Ashmita, Maharaj, Ameela, Makanisi, Hylda, Moosa, Khalid, Wong, Ting Ting, Mould, Sean, Ramsamy, Trisha, Matos-Puig, Roel, Morgan, Hayley, Nabeebuccas, Nadeem, Naidoo, Ria Devi, Pather, Viantha, Vasheel Bahadur, Vasheel, Pillay, Renilda, Fullerton, Zahnne, Bell, Nicole, Grey, Bongisa, Visentin, Vincent Lorenzo, Van Zyl, Hendrik Adriaan, Killingbeck, Terri Anne, Maneveldt, Emile, Thiart, Gerhard, Venter, Magdelena May, Swart, Oostewalt, Grobelaar, Mariette, Cairns, Carel, Bishop, David, Steenkamp, Christien, Khumalo, Thandekile, Naidoo, Noel, Murray, Ross, Kopieniak, Martin, Sishange, Melusi, Ndimande, Mxolisi Brian, Jaworska, Megan, Ikram, Sarwat, Rainier, Bence, Liebenberg, Renier J, Zwiegers, Helena D, Nortje, Philip M, Bhagwan, Kamal, Flint, Margot, Dyer, Robert, Adams, Simone, Bwambale, Yoshua, Ngomo, Danny, Kanku, Patrice, Pillay, Nivashen, de Castro, Alexa, Maharaj, Atisha, Carim, Janine, Taylor, Jenna Leigh, Köhne, Karl M, Drummond, Leanne W, Temlett, Leanne, Geldenhuys, Lieze, Seilbea, Yvonne, Naidoo, Kathryn, Kalafatis, Nicola A, Verwey, Stefné, Biyase, Thulile, Kisten, Theroshnie, Kusel, Belinda S, Hardcastle, Timothy Craig, Magagula, Richard, Kampik, Christian, Xulu, Kuzolunga, Solala, Sivuyisiwe, Sayed, Mia, Enicker, Basil, Madaree, Anil, Mukama, Innocent, Madombwe, Gladmore, Zulu, Nonhlanhla, Gasa, Nompumelelo, Kanjana, Nokuzula, Buthelezi, Sebenzile, Buthelezi, Thembelihle, Brink, Andries, Potgieter, Francois, Mrara, Busisiwe, Alexander, Zaynab, Choto, Charles, Ima, Paula, Gxagxisa, Zintle, Ningiza, Baphethuxolo, Lamacraft, Gillian, Mogorosi, Jerome, du Plessis, Nadia, de Man, Leonie, Thompson, Suné, van Heerden, Gerrit, Turton, Edwin W, van der Linde, Pieter M, Teme-Pitse, Josephine K, Tladi, Reitumetse, Saffy, Gillian D, Roscher, Ene-Mari, Fortune, Kristel, Barnard, George, Makhasane, Tiisetso, Bowen, Evan, Pal, Akangcha, Moore, Rachel, Fourtounas, Maria, Adam, Mary Augusta, Arumugan, Renessa, Hyman, Gabriella, Jonosky, Jaclyn, Makondo, Maninginingi, Moodley, Heveshan, Munda, Phillip, Nyalungu, Mzwandile, Olusola, Victor, Pinto, Sohan Zane, Pillay, Tristan, Singh, Lucinda, Wondoh, Paul Mwindekuma, Devar, John, Baloyi-Mnisi, Boitumelo, Koto, Zach, Mabitsela, Matlou Ernest, Ndlovu, Sibongile Ruth, Mthelebofu, Branny, Beck, Colin, Dold, Matthew, Fan, Alice, MacQueen, Shannon, Matabata, Thembani, Mpehle, Catherine, Kulenkampf, Charné, Mhlari, Tsakani McCreath, Nyoka-Mokgalong, Simangele Cecilia, Masinge, Felix Thumba, Gunpath, Randhir Ramnath, Mothwa, Maropeng Petrus Pat, Mothwa, Jo-Anne Asenath, Mhlanga, Danai, Colly, Jamie-Lyn, Mallier Peter, Aunel, Ben Hameda, Khalid, Mokae, Pulane, Moumakoe, Stella Josephine, Ekeh, Kelechi, Lengo, Nezingu, Booyens, Marnus, Seale, Inge Louise, Theron, Pieter Daniel, Schuman, Nicolaas Abraham, Sonn, Amber Carlyn, Stander, Jacobus Lukas, Cloete, Nadia, Cloete, Marius, Makepeace, Catherine Ann, van der Westhuizen, Ronel, Messiahs, Leanne Robyn, Visagie, Amy Ruth, Vawda, Fatima, Voster, Frans Christiaan, Dhilraj, Deepika, Smith, Oliver, Bolon, Stefan, Montwedi, Daniel, Mbeki, Motsilisi, Wyngaard, Jayde, Ngcelwane, Mthunzi, Kleyenstuber, Thomas, Phukubye, Phyllis, Schärf, Liesel, Laker, Grace, Semenya, Elizabeth, Dembskey, Reinhard, Tarlton, Thomas, Jiri, Tapiwa, Mushid, Ngoie Hubert, Ngwenya, Nhlanhla Samuel, Mogodi, Hazel Morongoa, Sinevici, Carmen, Usenbo, Anthony Osarogie, Fodo, Naledi, Chimini, Anesu, Sikobi, Ntetelelo, Nokwange, Sinovuyo, Noqhamza, Mluleki, Thembisa, Qumba, Bhat, Kajake Anantha Padmanabha, Mathew, Rabin, Middleton, Katrin, Adewunmi, Abdus-sami, Dickson, Craig, Bulbulia, Humairah, Bester, Bianka, de Klerk, Michelle, Benade, Christia, Viljoen, Francois, Fischer, Monique, Alfaki, Khalid, Awad, Abdalmalik, Algray, Abdelsalam, Elsiddig, Mohammed, Mohamed, Suha, Mahmoud, Salih, Osman, Muhammed, Elgailany, Asia, Suliman, Mazin, Mohammed, Hanaa, Aljeally, Lina, Dirar, Mohammed, Osman, Mohammed, Mohamed, Mazin, Elhasan, Mohamed, Widatalla, Abrar, Abubakr, Abubakr, Mohamed, Eman, Nour, Alshareef, Gama, Ntonto Doris, Shabangu, Dolorosa Khetsiwe, Iradikunda, Cynthia, Mkoko, Samuel, Kisanga, Paul, Lema, Emmanuel, Lyimo, Benson, Binde, Mohamed, Chandika, Alphonce, Salim, Salim, Jumbe, Sylvia, Makubi, Abel, Kotecha, Vihar, Kachinde, Felician, Nyakiroto, Museleta, Jitambi, Emmanuel, Geofrey, Venant, Josiah, Johaphes, Makubi, Phinius, Manumbu, Frank, Mlingwa, Suzan, Ibenzi, Ernest, Mbelle, Peter, Peleus, Kato, Chiwanga, Enid, Richard, Nillah, Leonard, Shoo, Sanka, Paulo, Mushi, Subira, Nyangasa, Bashir, Janabi, Mohamed, Majani, Naizihijwa, Palangyo, Pedro, Nyawawa, Evarist, Ramadhan, William, Lydenge, Faraj, Masenga, Gileard Gabriel, Rashid, Sakina, Jusabani, Mubashir, Ndebea, Ansbert, Cheru, Jenitha, Henjewele, Margaret, Kilimanjaro, Greyson, Sikimata, Sarah, Donatus, Deocles, Maduhu, Hazina, Mariro, Tumaini, Massasi, Given, Shabani, Moshi Moshi, Cholela, Braison, Mgeleka, Marco, Mbilinyi, Yohatinus, Chiwanga, Faraja, Exavery, Bilton, Haule, Caspar, Ndile, Samson, Harya, Sirili, Magandi, Julieth, Manyama, Deogratius, Matindi, Redempta, Moshi, Adam, Kitwana, Daudi, Makia, Merida, Muhochi, Philip, Herman, Miriam, Miombo, Clauda, Kahindo, Furaha, Kishebuka, Langtone, Ussiri, Elijah, Kinasa, Gloria, Adel, Patrick, Malaba, Eric, Sakwari, Vensesla, Lugereka, Sadot, Mungia, Mohamed, Mocha, George, Wella, Herman, Protas, Cecilia, Karua, Patrick, Kashagama, Ahmada, Mwasambugu, Faraja, Kajeri, Suzana, Mchilla, Jacquiline, Lucumay, Elibariki, Maise, Robert, Marti, Amon, Mahundi, Beatrice, Jager, Frederika, Majani, Charles, Rukeha, Ludovick, Mohamed, Tareeq, Fuad, Nabila, Halinga, Winifrida, Chrisant, Elias, Msoma, Gilbert, Kihwili, Titus, Temu, Gadiel, Yusuf, Naima, Saleh, Rashid, Inoja, Rashid, Shang'a, Eva, Ibrahim, Stella, Msuma, Hussein, Edward, Edwin, Kilamile, Paul, Mwakyolile, Stephen, Adja, Talkana, Gueouguede, Edem, Oussene Seddoh, Hafoudhoi, Adam, Saliou, Egbohou, Pilakimwe, Ahomagnon, Mawunyo, Kadjossou, Olivier, Boukari, Abdul-Bassiti, Nabukenya, Mary T, Muhindo, Ruth, Waswa, Peter, Agaba, Peter Kaahwa, Kabatoro, Daphne, Kayong, Joseph, Naggujja, Margaret, Rehema, Nabasiige, Nansubuga, Phiona, Kavuma, Daniel, Lubikire, Aggrey, Bisilikirwa, Hope, Ssebaggala, Godfrey, Muwema, Emmanuel, Agaba, Humble Joan, Kiconco, John, Wataaka, Nicholas, Chan, Bonet, Nampawu, Mary Juliet, Bulamba, Fred, Bua, Emmanuel, Mugala, Christine, Nyakato, Caroline, Ochieng, John Paul, Jovia, Linda Kyomuhendo, Kateregga, George, Alum, Rachel, Najjuma, Lazia, Nampiina, Gorret, Kintu, Andrew, Sempiira, Joshua, Simon, Luzige, Kayima, Peter, Eyul, Jacob, Odwar, Erick, Nkwine, Rita, Namata, Christine, Nabakka, Elizabeth, Kakaire, Denis, Mushangwe-Mtisi, Velda, Munhamo, Erisha, Dhege, Celestino, Hungwa, Juliet, Jasi, Hemish, Ntoto, Crispin, Matsika, Derek, Mutseyekwa, Brightson, Zimbovoora, Joseph, Gudyanga, Beaulah, Mazingi, Dennis, Mbanje, Chenesa, Mlambo, Busisiwe, Chiwanga, Michael, Chifamba, Harunavamwe N, Zhou, Sarudzai, Hove, Esta, Dende, Shamiso, Manjengwa, Beauty, Kapisa, Penias, Mashava, Chiura, Caritas, Katsukunya, Locadia, Muguti, Godfrey, Mashava, Doreen, Ndhlovu, Elton, Mangwangwa, Zanele, and Dube, Nombulelo
Published: 2021
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21. Early-life respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in a South African birth cohort: epidemiology and effect on lung health

Author: Zar, Heather J, Nduru, Polite, Stadler, Jacob A M, Gray, Diane, Barnett, Whitney, Lesosky, Maia, Myer, Landon, and Nicol, Mark P
Published: 2020
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22. Transfers between health facilities of people living with diabetes attending primary health care services in the Western Cape Province of South Africa: A retrospective cohort study.

Author: Odayar, Jasantha, Rusch, Jody, Dave, Joel A., Van Der Westhuizen, Diederick J., Mukonda, Elton, Lesosky, Maia, and Myer, Landon
Subjects: PEOPLE with diabetes, HEALTH facilities, PRIMARY health care, MEDICAL care, HEALTH planning, REPRODUCTIVE health services
Abstract: Objectives: Transfers between health facilities of people living with HIV attending primary health care (PHC) including hospital to PHC facility, PHC facility to hospital and PHC facility to PHC facility transfers occur frequently, affect health service planning, and are associated with disengagement from care and viraemia. Data on transfers among people living with diabetes attending PHC, particularly transfers between PHC facilities, are few. We assessed the transfer incidence rate of people living with diabetes attending PHC, and the association between transfers between PHC facilities and subsequent HbA1c values. Methods: We analysed data on HbA1c tests at public sector facilities in the Western Cape Province (2016–March 2020). Individuals with an HbA1c in 2016–2017 were followed‐up for 27 months and included in the analysis if ≥18 years at first included HbA1c, ≥2 HbA1cs during follow‐up and ≥1 HbA1c at a PHC facility. A visit interval was the duration between two consecutive HbA1cs. Successive HbA1cs at different facilities of any type indicated any transfer, and HbA1cs at different PHC facilities indicated a transfer between PHC facilities. Mixed effects logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, rural/urban facility attended at the start of the visit interval, disengagement (visit interval >14 months) and a hospital visit during follow‐up assessed the association between transfers between PHC facilities and HbA1c >8%. Results: Among 102,813 participants, 22.6% had ≥1 transfer of any type. Including repeat transfers, there were 29,994 transfers (14.4 transfers per 100 person‐years, 95% confidence interval [CI] 14.3–14.6). A total of 6996 (30.1%) of those who transferred had a transfer between PHC facilities. Visit intervals with a transfer between PHC facilities were longer (349 days, interquartile range [IQR] 211–503) than those without any transfer (330 days, IQR 182–422). The adjusted relative odds of an HbA1c ≥8% after a transfer between PHC facilities versus no transfer were 1.20 (95% CI 1.05–1.37). Conclusion: The volume of transfers involving PHC facilities requires consideration when planning services. Individuals who transfer between PHC facilities require additional monitoring and support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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23. Household Air Pollution and Risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Adults

Author: Katoto, Patrick D.M.C., primary, Bihehe, Dieudonné, additional, Brand, Amanda, additional, Mushi, Raymond, additional, Kusinza, Aline, additional, Alwood, Brian W., additional, Zyl-Smit, Richard N. van, additional, Tamuzi, Jacques L., additional, Sam-Agudu, Nadia A., additional, Yotebieng, Marcel, additional, Metcalfe, John, additional, Theron, Grant, additional, Pollitt, Krystal J. Godri, additional, Lesosky, Maia, additional, Vanoirbeek, Jeroen, additional, Mortimer, Kevin, additional, Nawrot, Tim, additional, Nemery, Benoit, additional, and Nachega, Jean B., additional
Published: 2023
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24. The CombinADO study to assess the impact of a combination intervention strategy on viral suppression, antiretroviral therapy adherence, and retention in HIV care among adolescents and young people living with HIV: protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial

Author: Mogoba, Phepo, Lesosky, Maia, Zerbe, Allison, Falcao, Joana, Mellins, Claude Ann, Desmond, Christopher, Arnaldo, Carlos, Kapogiannis, Bill, Myer, Landon, and Abrams, Elaine J.
Published: 2021
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25. A review of simulation models for the long-term management of type 2 diabetes in low-and-middle income countries

Author: Mukonda, Elton, Cleary, Susan, and Lesosky, Maia
Published: 2021
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26. Delivery of antiretroviral therapy to HIV-infected women during the postpartum period: The Postpartum Adherence Clubs for Antiretroviral Therapy (PACART) trial

Author: Odayar, Jasantha, Malaba, Thokozile R., Allerton, Joanna, Lesosky, Maia, and Myer, Landon
Published: 2019
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27. Risk Factors and Determinants of Pulmonary Function Impairments in Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Ethiopia: A Hospital-based Cross-Sectional Study.

Author: Binegdie, Amsalu Bekele, Gebremariam, Tewodros Haile, Worku, Aschalew, Etissa, Eyob Kebede, Hamid, Shifa, Awol, Adursemed, Belay, Addisu, Meme, Hellen, El Sony, Asma, Zurba, Lindsay, Lesosky, Maia, Balmes, John, Burney, Peter, Devereux, Graham, and Mortimer, Kevin
Published: 2024
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28. Preterm birth, birth weight, infant weight gain and their associations with childhood asthma and spirometry: a cross-sectional observational study in Nairobi, Kenya

Author: Meme, Helen, primary, Amukoye, Evans, additional, Bowyer, Cressida, additional, Chakaya, Jeremiah, additional, Dobson, Ruaraidh, additional, Fuld, Jonathan, additional, Gray, Cindy M, additional, Kiplimo, Richard, additional, Lesosky, Maia, additional, Mortimer, Kevin, additional, Ndombi, Amos, additional, Obasi, Angela, additional, Orina, Fred, additional, Quint, Jennifer K, additional, Semple, Sean, additional, West, Sarah E, additional, Zurba, Lindsey, additional, and Devereux, Graham, additional
Published: 2023
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29. Understanding the relationship between the frequency of HbA1c monitoring, HbA1c changes over time, and the achievement of targets: a retrospective cohort study

Author: Mukonda, Elton, primary, Westhuizen, Diederick J van der, additional, Dave, Joel A, additional, Cleary, Susan, additional, Hannan, Luke, additional, Lesosky, Maia, additional, and Rusch, Jody A, additional
Published: 2023
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30. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection among Health Workers in HIV Treatment Centers in North Central, Nigeria

Author: Okpokoro, Evaezi, primary, Lesosky, Maia, additional, Osa-Afiana, Chinye, additional, Bada, Florence, additional, Okwor, Uzoamaka, additional, Odonye, George, additional, Igbinomwanhia, Victoria, additional, Abdurrahman, Saddiq, additional, Medugu, Nubwa, additional, Kagina, Benjamin, additional, Abimiku, Alash’le, additional, and Adams, Shahieda, additional
Published: 2023
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31. Complement pathway gene activation and rising circulating immune complexes characterize early disease in HIV-associated tuberculosis

Author: Esmail, Hanif, Lai, Rachel P., Lesosky, Maia, Wilkinson, Katalin A., Graham, Christine M., Horswell, Stuart, Coussens, Anna K., Barry, Clifton E., O’Garra, Anne, and Wilkinson, Robert J.
Published: 2018

32. Operator quantum error correction

Author: Kribs, David W., Laflamme, Raymond, Poulin, David, and Lesosky, Maia
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Mathematics - Functional Analysis, Mathematics - Operator Algebras
Abstract: This paper is an expanded and more detailed version of our recent work in which the Operator Quantum Error Correction formalism was introduced. This is a new scheme for the error correction of quantum operations that incorporates the known techniques - i.e. the standard error correction model, the method of decoherence-free subspaces, and the noiseless subsystem method - as special cases, and relies on a generalized mathematical framework for noiseless subsystems that applies to arbitrary quantum operations. We also discuss a number of examples and introduce the notion of ``unitarily noiseless subsystems''., Comment: 21 pages, to appear in Quantum Information & Computation
Published: 2005

33. Concentration-Dependent Antagonism and Culture Conversion in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Author: Rockwood, Neesha, Pasipanodya, Jotam G., Denti, Paolo, Sirgel, Frederick, Lesosky, Maia, Gumbo, Tawanda, Meintjes, Graeme, McIlleron, Helen, and Wilkinson, Robert J.
Published: 2017

34. Frequency of Viremic Episodes in HIV-Infected Women Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy During Pregnancy: A Cohort Study

Author: Myer, Landon, Dunning, Lorna, Lesosky, Maia, Hsiao, Nei-Yuan, Phillips, Tamsin, Petro, Greg, Zerbe, Allison, McIntyre, James A., and Abrams, Elaine J.
Published: 2017

35. Positive attitudes toward adoption of a multi-component intervention strategy aimed at improving HIV outcomes among adolescents and young people in Nampula, Mozambique: perspectives of HIV care providers

Author: Mogoba, Phepo, primary, Lesosky, Maia, additional, Mukonda, Elton E., additional, Zerbe, Allison, additional, Falcao, Joana, additional, Zandamela, Ricardino, additional, Myer, Landon, additional, and Abrams, Elaine J., additional
Published: 2023
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36. Asthma symptoms, spirometry and air pollution exposure in schoolchildren in an informal settlement and an affluent area of Nairobi, Kenya

Author: Meme, Hellen, primary, Amukoye, Evans, additional, Bowyer, Cressida, additional, Chakaya, Jeremiah, additional, Das, Darpan, additional, Dobson, Ruaraidh, additional, Dragosits, Ulrike, additional, Fuld, Jonathan, additional, Gray, Cindy, additional, Hahn, Matthew, additional, Kiplimo, Richard, additional, Lesosky, Maia, additional, Loh, Miranda M, additional, McKendree, Jean, additional, Mortimer, Kevin, additional, Ndombi, Amos, additional, Netter, Louis, additional, Obasi, Angela, additional, Orina, Fred, additional, Pearson, Clare, additional, Price, Heather, additional, Quint, Jennifer K, additional, Semple, Sean, additional, Twigg, Marsailidh, additional, Waelde, Charlotte, additional, Walnycki, Anna, additional, Warwick, Melaneia, additional, Wendler, Jana, additional, West, Sarah E, additional, Wilson, Michael, additional, Zurba, Lindsay, additional, and Devereux, Graham, additional
Published: 2023
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37. Surveillance towards preventing paediatric incidence of respiratory syncytial virus attributable respiratory tract infection in primary and secondary/tertiary healthcare settings in Merseyside, Cheshire and Bristol, UK

Author: Fyles, Fred, primary, Hill, Helen, additional, Duncan, Gregory, additional, Carter, Emma, additional, Solórzano, Carla, additional, Davies, Kelly, additional, McLellan, Lauren, additional, Lesosky, Maia, additional, Dodd, James, additional, Finn, Adam, additional, McNamara, Paul Stephen, additional, Lewis, David, additional, Bangert, Mathieu, additional, Vassilouthis, Natalya, additional, Taylor, Matthew, additional, Ferreira, Daniela, additional, and Collins, Andrea M, additional
Published: 2023
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38. Comprehensive review of safety in Experimental Human Pneumococcal Challenge

Author: Robinson, Ryan E., primary, Myerscough, Christopher, additional, He, Nengjie, additional, Hill, Helen, additional, Shepherd, Wendi A., additional, Gonzalez-Dias, Patricia, additional, Liatsikos, Konstantinos, additional, Latham, Samuel, additional, Fyles, Fred, additional, Doherty, Klara, additional, Hazenberg, Phoebe, additional, Shiham, Fathimath, additional, Mclenghan, Daniella, additional, Adler, Hugh, additional, Randles, Vicki, additional, Zaidi, Seher, additional, Hyder-Wright, Angela, additional, Mitsi, Elena, additional, Burhan, Hassan, additional, Morton, Ben, additional, Rylance, Jamie, additional, Lesosky, Maia, additional, Gordon, Stephen B., additional, Collins, Andrea M., additional, and Ferreira, Daniela M., additional
Published: 2023
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39. Prevalence, severity and risk factors for asthma in school-going adolescents in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

Author: Mphahlele, Reratilwe, primary, Lesosky, Maia, additional, and Masekela, Refiloe, additional
Published: 2023
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40. Outcomes, infectiousness, and transmission dynamics of patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis and home-discharged patients with programmatically incurable tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study

Author: Dheda, Keertan, Limberis, Jason D, Pietersen, Elize, Phelan, Jody, Esmail, Aliasgar, Lesosky, Maia, Fennelly, Kevin P, te Riele, Julian, Mastrapa, Barbara, Streicher, Elizabeth M, Dolby, Tania, Abdallah, Abdallah M, Ben-Rached, Fathia, Simpson, John, Smith, Liezel, Gumbo, Tawanda, van Helden, Paul, Sirgel, Frederick A, McNerney, Ruth, Theron, Grant, Pain, Arnab, Clark, Taane G, and Warren, Robin M
Published: 2017
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41. Reliability of a Robotic Knee Testing Tool to Assess Rotational Stability of the Knee Joint in Healthy Female and Male Volunteers

Author: Beckley, Samantha, Stinton, Shaun, Lesosky, Maia, September, Alison, Collins, Malcolm, Branch, Thomas, and Posthumus, Mike
Published: 2020
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42. Mobility during the post-partum period and viraemia in women living with HIV in South Africa.

Author: Odayar, Jasantha, Phillips, Tamsin K, Kabanda, Siti, Malaba, Thokozile R, Mukonda, Elton, Hsiao, Nei-yuan, Lesosky, Maia, and Myer, Landon
Subjects: HIV-positive women, HIV, VIREMIA, VIRAL load, ANTIRETROVIRAL agents
Abstract: Background We investigated the association between travel and viraemia in post-partum women with human immunodeficiency virus on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods Data are from a trial of post-partum ART delivery strategies. Women who initiated ART during pregnancy, were clinically stable with a viral load (VL) <400 copies/ml and were <10 weeks post-partum were enrolled at a primary care antenatal clinic in Cape Town, South Africa. Study visits at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months post-partum included questions about travel, defined as ≥1 night spent outside of the city, and VL testing. Generalised mixed effects models assessed the association between travel and subsequent VL ≥400 copies/ml. Results Among 402 women (mean age 29 y, 35% born in the Western Cape), 69% reported one or more travel events over 24 months. Being born beyond the Western Cape (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.03 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.49 to 2.77]), duration post-partum in months (aOR 1.03 [95% CI 1.02 to 1.05]) and living with the child (aOR 0.60 [95% CI 0.38 to 0.93]) were associated with travel. In multivariable analyses, a travel event was associated with a 92% increase in the odds of a VL ≥400 copies/ml (aOR 1.92 [95% CI 1.19 to 3.10]). Conclusions Interventions to support women on ART who travel are urgently required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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43. Positive attitudes toward adoption of a multi-component intervention strategy aimed at improving HIV outcomes among adolescents and young people in Nampula, Mozambique: perspectives of HIV care providers

Author: Mogoba, Phepo, Lesosky, Maia, Mukonda, Elton E., Zerbe, Allison, Falcao, Joana, Zandamela, Ricardino, Myer, Landon, Abrams, Elaine J., Department of Health Sciences Education, and Faculty of Health Sciences
Subjects: Multi-component intervention, Attitudes, Implementation, Adoption, HIV, Adolescents, SubSaharan Africa, Young adults
Abstract: Background Service providers' attitudes toward interventions are essential for adopting and implementing novel interventions into healthcare settings, but evidence of evaluations in the HIV context is still limited. This study is part of the CombinADO cluster randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04930367), which is investigating the effectiveness of a multi-component intervention package (CombinADO strategy) aimed at improving HIV outcomes among adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYAHIV) in Mozambique. In this paper we present findings on key stakeholder attitudes toward adopting study interventions into local health services. Methods Between September and December 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with a purposive sample of 59 key stakeholders providing and overseeing HIV care among AYAHIV in 12 health facilities participating in the CombinADO trial, who completed a 9-item scale on attitudes towards adopting the trial intervention packages in health facilities. Data were collected in the pre-implementation phase of the study and included individual stakeholder and facility-level characteristics. We used generalized linear regression to examine the associations of stakeholder attitude scores with stakeholder and facility-level characteristics. Results Overall, service-providing stakeholders within this setting reported positive attitudes regarding adopting intervention packages across study clinic sites; the overall mean total attitude score was 35.0 ([SD] = 2.59, Range = [30–41]). The study package assessed (control or intervention condition) and the number of healthcare workers delivering ART care in participating clinics were the only significant explanatory variables to predict higher attitude scores among stakeholders (β = 1.57, 95% CI = 0.34–2.80, p = 0.01 and β = 1.57, 95% CI = 0.06–3.08, p = 0.04 respectively). Conclusions This study found positive attitudes toward adopting the multi-component CombinADO study interventions among HIV care providers for AYAHIV in Nampula, Mozambique. Our findings suggest that adequate training and human resource availability may be important in promoting the adoption of novel multi-component interventions in healthcare services by influencing healthcare provider attitudes.
Published: 2023

44. Asthma symptoms, spirometry and air pollution exposure in schoolchildren in an informal settlement and an affluent area of Nairobi, Kenya

Author: Meme, Hellen, Amukoye, Evans, Bowyer, Cressida, Chakaya, Jeremiah, Das, Darpan, Dobson, Ruaraidh, Dragosits, Ulrike, Fuld, Jonathan, Gray, Cindy, Hahn, Matthew, Kiplimo, Richard, Lesosky, Maia, Loh, Miranda M, McKendree, Jean, Mortimer, Kevin, Ndombi, Amos, Netter, Louis, Obasi, Angela, Orina, Fred, Pearson, Clare, Price, Heather, Quint, Jennifer K, Semple, Sean, Twigg, Marsailidh, Waelde, Charlotte, Walnycki, Anna, Warwick, Melaneia, Wendler, Jana, West, Sarah E, Wilson, Michael, Zurba, Lindsay, Devereux, Graham, Amukoye, Evans [0000-0003-0683-0585], Pearson, Clare [0000-0003-3274-1586], Quint, Jennifer K [0000-0003-0149-4869], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: asthma epidemiology, asthma, paediatric asthma
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although 1 billion people live in informal (slum) settlements, the consequences for respiratory health of living in these settlements remain largely unknown. This study investigated whether children living in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya are at increased risk of asthma symptoms. METHODS: Children attending schools in Mukuru (an informal settlement in Nairobi) and a more affluent area (Buruburu) were compared. Questionnaires quantified respiratory symptoms and environmental exposures; spirometry was performed; personal exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) was estimated. RESULTS: 2373 children participated, 1277 in Mukuru (median age, IQR 11, 9-13 years, 53% girls), and 1096 in Buruburu (10, 8-12 years, 52% girls). Mukuru schoolchildren were from less affluent homes, had greater exposure to pollution sources and PM2.5. When compared with Buruburu schoolchildren, Mukuru schoolchildren had a greater prevalence of symptoms, 'current wheeze' (9.5% vs 6.4%, p=0.007) and 'trouble breathing' (16.3% vs 12.6%, p=0.01), and these symptoms were more severe and problematic. Diagnosed asthma was more common in Buruburu (2.8% vs 1.2%, p=0.004). Spirometry did not differ between Mukuru and Buruburu. Regardless of community, significant adverse associations were observed with self-reported exposure to 'vapours, dusts, gases, fumes', mosquito coil burning, adult smoker(s) in the home, refuse burning near homes and residential proximity to roads. CONCLUSION: Children living in informal settlements are more likely to develop wheezing symptoms consistent with asthma that are more severe but less likely to be diagnosed as asthma. Self-reported but not objectively measured air pollution exposure was associated with increased risk of asthma symptoms.
Published: 2023

45. Impact of universal ART for pregnant and postpartum women on ART uptake and retention

Author: Abrams, Elaine J., Langwenya, Nontokozo, Gachuhi, Averie, Zerbe, Allison, Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Harriet, Mthethwa-Hleta, Simangele, Sahabo, Ruben, Lesosky, Maia, Okello, Velephi, and Myer, Landon
Published: 2018
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46. Optimal timing of viral load monitoring during pregnancy to predict viraemia at delivery in HIV-infected women initiating ART in South Africa: a simulation study

Author: Lesosky, Maia, Glass, Tracy, Mukonda, Elton, Hsiao, Nei-Yuan, Abrams, Elaine J., and Myer, Landon
Subjects: Health
Abstract: Introduction: HIV viral load (VL) monitoring is a central tool to evaluate ART effectiveness and transmission risk. There is a global movement to expand VL monitoring following recent recommendations from the World Health Organization (WHO), but there has been little research into VL monitoring in pregnant women. We investigated one important question in this area: when and how frequently VL should be monitored in women initiating ART during pregnancy to predict VL at the time of delivery in a simulated South African population.Methods: We developed a mathematical model simulating VL from conception through delivery using VL data from the Maternal and Child Health - Antiretroviral Therapy (MCH-ART) cohort. VL was modelled based on three major compartments: pre-ART VL, viral decay immediately after ART initiation and viral maintenance (including viral suppression and viraemic episodes). Using this simulation, we examined the performance of various VL monitoring schema in predicting elevated VL at delivery.Results and discussion: If WHO guidelines for non-pregnant adults were used, the majority of HIV-infected pregnant women (69%) would not receive a VL test during pregnancy. Most models that based VL monitoring in pregnancy on the time elapsed since ART initiation (regardless of gestation) performed poorly (sensitivity 60%). Across all permutations, inclusion of pre-ART VL values had a negligible impact on predictive performance (improving test sensitivity and specificity Conclusions: Development and evaluation of a novel simulation model suggests that strategies to measure VL relative to gestational age may be more useful than strategies relative to duration on ART, in women initiating ART during pregnancy, supporting better integration of maternal and HIV health services. Testing turnaround times require careful consideration, and point-of-care VL testing may be the best approach for measuring VL at delivery. Broadening the scope of this simulation mode in the light of current scale up of VL monitoring in high burden countries is important.Keywords: HIV; antiretroviral therapy; viral load monitoring; pregnancy; mathematical model; simulation, 1 INTRODUCTIONThere are more than 18 million HIV-infected women of child-bearing age globally and an estimated 1.4 million pregnancies annually in HIV-infected women [1]. Viral suppression through the use of [...]
Published: 2017
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47. Economic evaluation of shortened, bedaquiline-containing treatment regimens for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (STREAM stage 2): a within-trial analysis of a randomised controlled trial

Author: Rosu, Laura, primary, Madan, Jason J, additional, Tomeny, Ewan M, additional, Muniyandi, Malaisamy, additional, Nidoi, Jasper, additional, Girma, Mamo, additional, Vilc, Valentina, additional, Bindroo, Priyanka, additional, Dhandhukiya, Rajdeep, additional, Bayissa, Adamu K, additional, Meressa, Daniel, additional, Narendran, Gopalan, additional, Solanki, Rajesh, additional, Bhatnagar, Anuj K, additional, Tudor, Elena, additional, Kirenga, Bruce, additional, Meredith, Sarah K, additional, Nunn, Andrew J, additional, Bronson, Gay, additional, Rusen, I D, additional, Squire, S Bertel, additional, Worrall, Eve, additional, Ahmad, Saleem, additional, Alexandru, Sofia, additional, Bellenger, Katharine, additional, Bulga, Tolera G., additional, Cook, Claire, additional, Crudu, Valeriu, additional, Deborah, Bennet, additional, Dodds, Wendy, additional, Gebreegziabher, Belay A., additional, Goodall, Ruth L., additional, Gupta, Pritti, additional, Gurumurthy, Meera, additional, Langley, Ivor, additional, Nalunjogi, Joanitah, additional, Khan, Saleem, additional, Krishnan, Saravanan, additional, Kumar, Shravan, additional, Lesosky, Maia, additional, Macari, Mariana, additional, Makwana, Mukesh, additional, Murphy, Brendan, additional, Murugesan, Ramesh P., additional, Patel, Vanita, additional, Pirlog, Irina, additional, Rauchenberger, Mary, additional, Sanders, Karen, additional, Singh, Ramesh, additional, Subramani, Sangeetha, additional, Teferi, Mekonnen, additional, Tegegn, Netsanet A., additional, Velmurugan, Arun Babu, additional, and Whitney, Johanna, additional
Published: 2023
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48. Contextualising missed opportunities for children’s vaccination: A theory-informed qualitative study in primary care settings in Cape Town, South Africa

Author: Nnaji, Chukwudi A., primary, Wiysonge, Charles S., additional, Cooper, Sara, additional, Mayeye, Asanda, additional, Luphondo, Lucy, additional, Mabuya, Thobile, additional, Kalui, Ntomboxolo, additional, Lesosky, Maia, additional, and Ndwandwe, Duduzile, additional
Published: 2023
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49. Effect on mortality of point-of-care, urine-based lipoarabinomannan testing to guide tuberculosis treatment initiation in HIV-positive hospital inpatients: a pragmatic, parallel-group, multicountry, open-label, randomised controlled trial

Author: Peter, Jonny G, Zijenah, Lynn S, Chanda, Duncan, Clowes, Petra, Lesosky, Maia, Gina, Phindile, Mehta, Nirja, Calligaro, Greg, Lombard, Carl J, Kadzirange, Gerard, Bandason, Tsitsi, Chansa, Abidan, Liusha, Namakando, Mangu, Chacha, Mtafya, Bariki, Msila, Henry, Rachow, Andrea, Hoelscher, Michael, Mwaba, Peter, Theron, Grant, and Dheda, Keertan
Published: 2016
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50. Impact of universal antiretroviral therapy for pregnant and postpartum women on antiretroviral therapy uptake and retention

Author: Abrams, Elaine J., Langwenya, Nontokozo, Gachuhi, Averie, Zerbe, Allison, Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Harriet, Mthethwa-Hleta, Simangele, Sahabo, Ruben, Lesosky, Maia, Okello, Velephi, and Myer, Landon
Published: 2019
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