Search

Abstract Background Canine leishmaniosis (CanL), caused by Leishmania infantum, is an important vector-borne parasitic disease in dogs with implications for human health. Despite advancements, managing CanL remains challenging due to its complexity, especially in chronic, relapsing cases. Mathematical modeling has emerged as a powerful tool in various medical fields, but its application in understanding CanL relapses remains unexplored. Methods This retrospective study aimed to investigate risk factors associated with disease relapse in a cohort of dogs naturally infected with L. infantum. Data from 291 repeated measures of 54 dogs meeting the inclusion criteria were included. Two logistic mixed-effects models were created to identify clinicopathological variables associated with an increased risk of clinical relapses requiring a leishmanicidal treatment in CanL. A backward elimination approach was employed, starting with a full model comprising all potential predictors. Variables were iteratively eliminated on the basis of their impact on the model, considering both statistical significance and model complexity. All analyses were conducted using R software, primarily employing the lme4 package, and applying a significance level of 5% (P

Summary: Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the first and second leading causes of death in Brazil and worldwide. However, an ongoing epidemiological transition in which cancer surpasses CVD has been observed in many high and middle-income countries. In this study, we provided a nationwide analysis of the transition towards cancer mortality predominance over CVD mortality in Brazil. Methods: We leveraged data from 5570 municipalities using the Mortality Information System and classified the causes of death using ICD-10 codes. Age-standardized CVD and cancer mortality rates were calculated annually between 2000 and 2019. Mortality rate ratios (MRRs = CVD rates divided by cancer rates) described the predominance of cancer or CVD mortality across municipalities and states. Choropleth maps displayed state-specific MRRs and the transition in the predominant cause of death over time. Findings: From 2000 to 2019, CVD mortality rates declined in 25 out of 27 states, whereas cancer mortality increased in 15 states, indicating a shift towards cancer predominance. While in 2000 cancer mortality was lower than CVD in all states and only exceeded the latter in 7% of the municipalities, by 2019 the gap narrowed considerably, with 13% of municipalities displaying higher cancer mortality rates vs CVD mortality rates. Additionally, higher household income correlated with higher mortality from cancer vs CVD. Interpretation: An ongoing epidemiological transition in which cancer mortality surpasses CVD mortality is occurring in Brazil, particularly in municipalities with higher household incomes. Our findings may provide important information for policymakers and public health practitioners in Brazil. Funding: National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq).

Abstract Background Sleep problems are frequently observed in older adults. They can lead to changes in the individual’s physical, occupational, cognitive, and social functioning, compromising the performance of activities of daily living and contributing to the occurrence of functional disability. This study evaluated the association between sleep problems and functional disability in community-dwelling older adults. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with data from 10,507 Brazilian community-dwelling older adults participating in the 2013 National Health Survey. The exposure variable was self-reported sleep problems in the last two weeks. The outcome measure was functional disability assessed from self-reported questionnaires, categorized into basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and defined as not being able to perform or having little or a lot of difficulty in at least one of the activities investigated in the domain of interest. Results Older adults who reported sleep problems had 1.53 (95%CI: 1.34; 1.75) and 1.42 (95%CI: 1.26; 1.59) greater odds of having a disability in BADL and IADL when compared to individuals who reported having no sleep problems. Conclusions Older adults with sleep problems were more likely to have a functional disability, both in BADL and IADL. Thus, it is important to implement strategies to screen for sleep problems in older adults in primary health care as a preventive strategy for functional disability.

Abstract The study aimed to compare the adherence of Brazilian and Italian pediatric dentists to the biosafety measures and operative protocols recommended by the health authorities during COVID-19 pandemic and to classify the participants according to their risk of infection. An online questionnaire with 34 questions about sociodemographic and occupational data, dental practice organization, biological risk management, and clinical operative protocols was sent to Brazilian and Italian pediatric dentists using a convenience sampling strategy. Chi-square test and multivariate analysis (two-step cluster) were performed (α = 5%). Of 641 respondents (377 Brazilians and 264 Italians), most were female (94% and 70%, respectively), aged 20-39 years (63%), with over 10 years of professional experience (58% and 49%, respectively). Based on adherence to recommended biosafety measures, participants were classified as “safer” (n = 219) or “less safe” (n = 422). Adherence to recommended protocols by the majority of participants resulted in low contagion rates (Brazilians = 5%; Italians = 12.5%). Participants with extensive professional experience in the dental setting exhibited a greater tendency to implement multiple adaptations (three or more) in their practice. Most participants (Brazilians = 92%; Italians = 80.7%) adopted the recommended minimal intervention dentistry approaches, with the use of fissure sealants and the use of non-rotary instruments for caries removal the most frequently techniques used among Brazilians (36%) and Italians (66%), respectively. Two different profiles of pediatric dentists were identified based on the biosafety protocols adopted during the pandemic. In addition, changes were implemented in the dental care provided to children, with focus on the minimal intervention dentistry.

BackgroundUltra-processed foods have been associated with several negative outcomes, but it is not clear whether they are related to bullying perpetration. Moreover, no previous study has investigated the potential role of deviant behaviors as a mediator of this association. Our objective was to evaluate the association between ultra-processed dietary pattern and bullying, and the mediating effect of deviant behaviors in this association, among school adolescents.MethodsWe used data from a representative sample of 9th grade Brazilian adolescents (N = 2,212) from the São Paulo Project for the social development of children and adolescents (SP-PROSO). Exploratory factor analysis was used to obtain the dietary patterns, through questions of frequency of consumption in the last week of several foods. The ultra-processed dietary pattern was considered as exposure. The outcomes were the types of bullying (any type, social exclusion, psychological/verbal aggression, physical aggression, property destruction, and sexual harassment). Deviant behaviors (mediator) were assessed through a score. Mediation analyses were carried out using logistic regression based on the KHB method.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, the mediating effect of deviant behaviors was found in the association between ultra-processed dietary pattern and all the types of bullying perpetration, especially for psychological/verbal aggression (39.4%). A small mediating effect of deviant behaviors in the association of ultra-processed dietary pattern with physical aggression (17.7%) and property destruction (18.5%) was observed, but this effect explained only a small portion of the total effect of such association (significant direct effect).ConclusionThe ultra-processed dietary pattern was associated with bullying, and the association was mediated through deviant behaviors. Policies and actions for improving the adolescent’s diet and managing the adoption of deviant and bullying behaviors by this public are required.

Background: Sleep problems in the older adults are often linked to their self-perceived health status, significantly affecting their overall well-being. Investigating this relationship is essential to understand how sleep impacts health perception in older adults and to develop targeted strategies to improve their quality of life and health outcomes. The objective was to verifying the association between sleep problems and negative self-perception of health in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Cross-sectional study, with data from 43,554 older adults participants of the National Health Survey (PNS-2019). The exposure variable was self-report of sleep problems in the last 15 days (difficulty in falling asleep, waking up frequently at night, or sleeping more than usual) and the study endpoints were self-perception of health (positive/negative). Associations were checked using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Older adults with sleep problems were 1.92 (95 %CI 1.77; 2.08) more likely to have a negative self-perception of health when compared to older adults without sleep problems. Conclusions: These findings reinforce the need for programs aimed at reducing sleep problems in older adults, since these are associated with negative self-perceptions of health. A better understanding of these associations may help health care professionals to better control sleep disturbances as well as their outcomes.

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate associations between neighborhood perception and sleep problems in older Brazilian adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 5,719 community-dwelling older adults (≥ 60 years) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil, 2019-2021). The outcomes were self-reported sleep problems: poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, primary insomnia complaints, difficulty staying asleep, and waking up at dawn. The exposure variables were questions about the perception of participants about the physical and social environment of the neighborhood. Logistic regression was used in data analysis. Garbage, rubbish, or tall grass on the streets and the desire to move were associated with higher odds of poor sleep quality. Concern about falling due to damaged sidewalks, concern about having difficulties taking transportation, and concern about having difficulties crossing the street were associated with higher odds of all sleep problems. Sound/noise of buses and cars was associated with higher odds of some sleep problems. Perceiving the neighborhood as a good place to live was associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness and primary insomnia complaints. Trusting most people in the neighborhood and perceiving that kids and younger people treat adults with respect were associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness, primary insomnia complaints, and waking up at dawn. Being a good place for kids to play and raise teenagers was associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness. These results can assist public administrators in creating urban planning policies aimed at improving neighborhood environments as a means of health promotion.

Abstract Sporadic giant cell granulomas (GCGs) of the jaws and cherubism‐associated giant cell lesions share histopathological features and microscopic diagnosis alone can be challenging. Additionally, GCG can morphologically closely resemble other giant cell‐rich lesions, including non‐ossifying fibroma (NOF), aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB), and chondroblastoma. The epigenetic basis of these giant cell‐rich tumours is unclear and DNA methylation profiling has been shown to be clinically useful for the diagnosis of other tumour types. Therefore, we aimed to assess the DNA methylation profile of central and peripheral sporadic GCG and cherubism to test whether DNA methylation patterns can help to distinguish them. Additionally, we compared the DNA methylation profile of these lesions with those of other giant cell‐rich mimics to investigate if the microscopic similarities extend to the epigenetic level. DNA methylation analysis was performed for central (n = 10) and peripheral (n = 10) GCG, cherubism (n = 6), NOF (n = 10), ABC (n = 16), GCTB (n = 9), and chondroblastoma (n = 10) using the Infinium Human Methylation EPIC Chip. Central and peripheral sporadic GCG and cherubism share a related DNA methylation pattern, with those of peripheral GCG and cherubism appearing slightly distinct, while central GCG shows overlap with both of the former. NOF, ABC, GCTB, and chondroblastoma, on the other hand, have distinct methylation patterns. The global and enhancer‐associated CpG DNA methylation values showed a similar distribution pattern among central and peripheral GCG and cherubism, with cherubism showing the lowest and peripheral GCG having the highest median values. By contrast, promoter regions showed a different methylation distribution pattern, with cherubism showing the highest median values. In conclusion, DNA methylation profiling is currently not capable of clearly distinguishing sporadic and cherubism‐associated giant cell lesions. Conversely, it could discriminate sporadic GCG of the jaws from their giant cell‐rich mimics (NOF, ABC, GCTB, and chondroblastoma).

Research suggests that sedentary behavior (SB) and obesity are associated with disabilities in basic activities (BADL) and instrumental (IADL) activities of daily living. However, there is a lack of studies investigating this association in community-dwelling older adults. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between different SB typologies, isolated and in conjunction with obesity, and their associations with BADL and IADL disabilities in community-dwelling Brazilian older adults. This was a cross-sectional study using data from older adults (≥60 years) who participated in the Brazilian National Health Survey (2019). The exposures were obesity (BMI > 27 kg/m2) and the amount of time spent daily on SB watching television (SB TV < 3 and ≥3 h/day) and engaging in leisure activities (SB leisure < 3 and ≥3 h/day), analyzed both separately and jointly. The outcomes were BADL and IADL disabilities. The main results showed that isolated SB TV ≥ 3 h/day (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.14; 1.39) and SB TV ≥ 3 h/day combined with obesity (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.37; 1.75) increased the odds of BADL and IADL disabilities. Obesity alone (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.07; 1.36) increased only the odds of BADL disabilities. Moreover, SB leisure ≥ 3 h/day without obesity reduced the odds of IADL disabilities (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.41; 0.76). Ideally, older adults should be encouraged to prevent obesity, reduce excessive periods spent in SB watching TV, and increase the daily periods spent in leisure activities, thus minimizing the likelihood of disabilities in functional activities.

Root canal treatment addresses infectious processes that require control. Occasionally, the radicular pulp is vital and inflamed, presenting a superficial infection. To preserve pulpal remnants, conservative procedures have gained favor, employing anti-inflammatory medications. This study investigated the effects of propolis (PRO), and copaiba oil-resin (COR) associated with hydrocortisone (H) and compared their impact to that of Otosporin® concerning cytotoxic and genotoxic activity, cytokine detection, and toxicity in the Galleria mellonella model. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) were exposed to drug concentrations and evaluated by the MTT assay. Associations were tested from concentrations that did not compromise cell density. Genotoxicity was evaluated through micronucleus counting, while cytokines IL-6 and TGF-β1 were detected in the cell supernatant using ELISA. Molecular docking simulations were conducted, considering the major compounds identified in PRO, COR, and H. Increasing concentrations of PRO and COR were assessed for acute toxicity in Galleria mellonella model. Cellular assays were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey tests, while larval survivals were evaluated using the Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test (α = 0.05). PRO and COR promoted PDLFs proliferation, even in conjunction with H. No changes in cell metabolism were observed concerning cytokine levels. The tested materials induce the release of AT1R, proliferating the PDFLs through interactions. PRO and COR had low toxicity in larvae, suggesting safety at tested levels. These findings endorse the potential of PRO and COR in endodontics and present promising applications across medical domains, such as preventive strategies in inflammation, shedding light on their potential development into commercially available drugs.

Abstract Background Sleep problems are frequent in older adults and are associated with chronic diseases. However, the association with multimorbidity patterns is still unknown. Considering the negative impacts that multimorbidity patterns can have on older adults’ life, knowledge of this association can help in the screening and early identification of older adults with sleep problems. The objective was to verify the association between sleep problems and multimorbidity patterns in older Brazilian adults. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted with data from 22,728 community-dwelling older adults from the 2019 National Health Survey. The exposure variable was self-reported sleep problems (yes/no). The study outcomes were: multimorbidity patterns, analyzed by self-report of the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases with similar clinical characteristics: (1) cardiopulmonary; (2) vascular-metabolic; (3) musculoskeletal; (4) coexisting patterns. Results Older adults with sleep problems had 1.34 (95%CI: 1.21; 1.48), 1.62 (95%CI: 1.15; 2.28), 1.64 (95%CI: 1.39; 1.93), and 1.88 (95%CI: 1.52; 2.33) greater odds of presenting vascular-metabolic, cardiopulmonary, musculoskeletal, and coexisting patterns, respectively. Conclusions These results suggest that public health programs aimed at preventing sleep problems in older adults are essential to reduce possible adverse health outcomes, including multimorbidity patterns and their negative consequences for older adults’ health.

Primary lung neoplasms are represented by solid, solitary or multiple formations. Blisters are pulmonary emphysemas larger than 1cm, present complete destruction of lung tissue, resulting from dilation, destruction and coalescence of adjacent alveoli, filled with air, located in the subpleural space, surrounded by connective tissue septa, between the lung and the layer of the visceral pleura. Bullaes occupy more than 30% and surgical removal is recommended. The present clinical case reports a 14-year-old female dog, of mixed breed, with an increase in the coughs frequency, fatigue and exercise intolerance. A chest X-ray was taken, a large emphysematous cystic area was found, with thickened and irregular walls located in the left caudal pulmonary lobe, which measured 8cm x 7.5cm x 3cm, and rejected the bronchial branch corresponding to the left caudal pulmonary lobe, in addition to thickening of the bronchial walls, compatible with bronchopathy. The tomographic examination of the cavity showed an air content structure, oval to round in shape, with irregular thick hyperattenuating walls measuring approximately 0.4 cm in thickness, occupying more than 30% of the left hemithorax, and pulmonary lobectomy was chosen. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma, with the presence of sparse areas of necrosis and dystrophic calcification. Concluding that the tomographic exam is of great importance, because only through it, it is possible to evaluate if there is lymph node or pleural involvement or the presence of small metastasis foci. There is indication for surgery and histopathological examination of the piece for a definitive diagnosis. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(2.000): 241-246]

Introdução: A prescrição farmacêutica é uma tendência global com potencial para promover o uso racional de medicamentos, melhorar a atenção à saúde e otimizar as habilidades dos profissionais. No Brasil, a regulamentação da prescrição farmacêutica por meio da resolução N°586/2013 do Conselho Federal de Farmácia permite aos farmacêuticos prescreverem medicamentos isentos de prescrição (MIP’s), por farmacêuticos, abrindo novas perspectivas na saúde pública. No entanto, treinamentos e manuais são essenciais para garantir uma prescrição eficaz. Objetivos: Este estudo avaliou o treinamento em transtornos autolimitados, como acne vulgar, aftas, contracepção de emergência, dismenorreia, febre, herpes labial, cefaleia, náuseas e vômitos, e queimaduras, analisando como esse treinamento influenciou o atendimento, encaminhamentos e prescrições farmacológicas e não farmacológicas. Além disso, a pesquisa buscou explorar abordagens ao paciente, superar desafios clínicos em um ambiente controlado e promover o uso racional de medicamentos. Material e Método: Para a realização do estudo, foram utilizadas simulações de atendimento farmacêutico em farmácias comunitárias, envolvendo a preparação do cenário, simulação do atendimento pelos alunos e a avaliação conjunta entre professores e acadêmicos. Resultados: Foram realizadas 17 simulações clínicas, totalizando 393 estimativas com o instrumento PSAL-BRASIL. A maioria das estimativas das habilidades clínicas do farmacêutico simulado foi positiva. No entanto, o item relacionado à “aferição dos sinais e solicitação de exames físicos e laboratoriais» obteve uma taxa de realização satisfatória de apenas 65,4%. A confiança dos participantes avaliadores aumentou após o acesso ao material e às simulações clínicas. Depoimentos anônimos coletados ao término da disciplina destacaram a contribuição das simulações de Problemas de Saúde Autolimitados para a formação dos estudantes de farmácia. Discussão e Conclusões: O uso de simulações realistas contribuiu para o desenvolvimento das competências clínicas, aumentando a capacidade de intervenção farmacêutica no manejo de Problemas de Saúde Autolimitados.

Abstract: Sleep problems, such as difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, early awakening with failure to continue sleep, and altered sleep-wake cycle, are common in the general population. This cross-sectional study with 6,929 older adults (≥ 60 years) aimed to estimate the prevalence of different types of sleep problems, their associated factors, and the population-attributable fraction of associated factors among older adults. The outcome variables consisted of self-reported sleep problems: insomnia (initial, intermediate, late, and any type of insomnia), poor sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. The independent variables were sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and health conditions. The prevalence proportions were initial insomnia (49.1%), intermediate insomnia (49.2%), late insomnia (45.9%), any type of insomnia (58.6%), poor sleep quality (15.6%), and daytime sleepiness (38.4%). Female sex, presence of two or more chronic diseases, not eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, and regular and bad/very bad self-rated health were positively associated with the sleep problems investigated. Consuming alcohol once a month or more was inversely associated with initial insomnia. Population attributable fraction estimates ranged from 3% to 19% considering two or more chronic diseases, not eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, and regular and bad/very bad self-rated health. High prevalence of self-reported sleep problems was evinced in older adults. These results can be useful to guide public health services in the creation of informational, evaluative, and screening strategies for sleep problems in older Brazilian adults.

Tendo-se em vista o aumento de impacto e a grande relevância do projeto “Voz das Comunidades” – jornal comunitário que ganhou maior destaque após a invasão pela polícia no Complexo do Alemão em 2010 –, este artigo possui como objetivo identificar e analisar os fatores que contribuíram para sua escalabilidade. Com esta finalidade, analisou-se a jornada do projeto e os resultados apontados no artigo “Escalabilidade de inovações sociais: uma meta-síntese“, a fim de entender os fatores em comum entre os dois. O artigo analisado indica fatores promotores de escalabilidade e uma proposta para o conceito de “ambiente propício à escalabilidade”, a partir da análise de nove casos para Inovação Social. Como resultado da análise entre a trajetória do projeto e os resultados apresentados no artigo, identificou-se duas categorias com fatores determinantes para que o jornal comunitário aumentasse seu impacto. Fatores promotores: credibilidade e reputação, filantropia e parcerias. Fatores suporte: liderança e envolvimento de membros da comunidade.

Abstract The Parauapebas Formation and Igarapé Cigarra Formation constitute two Neoarchean extrusive units inserted in the metavolcanosedimentary sequence (~2.76 Ga) of the Grão Pará Group, Itacaiúnas Supergroup, being represented by basaltic seeps underlain and overlain by jaspillites, rhyolites, volcanoclastic rocks, and gabbro dikes/sills, thus being inserted in the Serra Sul district in the Mineral Province of Carajás, Pará. This study aimed to understand the igneous processes involved in the genesis of these basalts from both geological formations, supported by field, petrographic, and geochemical data. Inserted in the metavolcanosedimentary sequence of the Grão Pará Group (Carajás Domain), the basalts and basalt andesites, the most abundant types of the Parauapebas and Igarapé Cigarra Formations, occur as successions of massive and amygdaloidal lava flows. The study of core samples from nine stratigraphic holes that intersected basaltic rocks of the two geological formations in body S11D (Serra Sul) showed that these rocks reach thick layers with different characteristics, ranging from aphanitic to phaneritic. The basalts are dark green, aphanitic, phaneritic, thin to medium, and hypocrystalline. They show preserved igneous texture being commonly seriated as inequigranular, intersertal, ophitic, subophytic, intergranular, branching, and swallow tail. Its essential primary constituents are plagioclase, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene, and its accessory constituents are titanite and apatite. Chlorite, epidote, quartz, and calcite occur as secondary phases and are interpreted as the products of ocean-bottom hydrothermal alteration and/or incipient metamorphism. In general, the studied volcanic rocks stand out for SiO2 content between 47.00 and 56.04%, high alkali contents (4.70–7.50%), K2O contents between 0.40 and 3.97%, TiO2 (< 1.0%), and MgO between 4.90 and 8.16%. In the classification diagrams, the samples are situated in the fields of basalts, basalt andesites, trachyandesite, and trachybasalt basalts, in the transition of the toleitic and calc-alkaline series. The basalts of the Parauapebas and Igarapé Cigarra Formations were probably formed in an intraplate continental environment influenced by subduction zones. Therefore, the Grão-Pará Basin was probably formed in a convergent regime related to a subduction-type environment. The geochemical data indicate that the studied rocks of the Parauapebas Formation and the Igarapé Cigarra Formation correspond to basalts of calc-alkaline affinity. Two facies were identified in the Parauapebas Formation, namely, the Amendoim and Violão facies. In the Igarapé Cigarra Formation as well, the following facies were identified: Jacaré and Três Marias. Based on the geochemical interpretation, it is assumed that the rocks studied are arc-like continental basalts, which are formed in a subduction environment with influence from a possible asthenospheric source and modified by crustal contamination.

Abstract Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is the most used supplement in culture media; however, it may interfere with in vitro assays via effects on cell proliferation and cytokine production. The ideal FBS concentration for assays using apical papilla cells (APCs) remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of FBS on APC activation, cell viability/proliferation, and cytokine production. Methodology Human APCs were cultured, plated, and maintained in media containing increasing concentrations of FBS for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 days, and 14 days in the presence of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS - 1 µg/mL). At each time point, the cells were subjected to the MTT assay. The cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and interleukin (IL)-6, along with the chemokine CCL2, were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the 24-h time-point. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post-hoc test (p

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo trazer algumas problemáticas que envolvem os valores associados às metrópoles, principalmente nesta nova era em que se protagonizam imagens e símbolos. Organizado em três seções, desenvolve, inicialmente, o processo de formação e centralização do poder nas metrópoles; em seguida, oferece uma contextualização com o capital financeiro/especulativo, as realidades virtuais e os efeitos nos espaços metropolitanos; e, por fim, em caráter experimental, analisa o desempenho e o envolvimento entre as metrópoles e suas páginas virtuais administradas por suas gestões. A produção simbólica metropolitana é simplificada, indo na contramão da crescente presença de processos urbanos complexos, com objetivos e planos de ação para uma venda massiva e um mercado global de cidades: significados associados à figura do coach .

Background: COVID-19 has shown a broad clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic to mild, moderate, and severe infections. Many symptoms have already been identified as typical of COVID-19, but few studies show how they can be useful in identifying clusters of patients with different severity of illness. This interpretation may help to recognize the different profiles of symptoms of COVID-19 expressed in a population at certain time. The aim of this study was to identify symptom-based clusters of hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory illness by SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil. The clusters were evaluated based on sociodemographic characteristics, admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), use of respiratory support, and outcome. Methods: The Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA)-based cluster analysis was applied to symptoms presented before admission. Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare the proportions of symptoms between the clusters and to examine differences in the calculated rates for the following variables: sex, age group, race, Brazilian region, use of respiratory support, admission to the ICU and outcome. Results: Three COVID-19 clusters with distinct symptom profiles were identified by MCA-based cluster analysis. Cluster 1 had the mildest severity profile, with the lowest frequencies for most symptoms investigated. Cluster 2 had a severe respiratory profile, with the highest frequencies of patients with dyspnea, respiratory discomfort and O2 saturation

A observação da abundância de imagens esculpidas de Santa Ana em Minas Gerais datadas entre os séculos XVIII e XIX instigou a pesquisa da qual este artigo resulta e cujo objetivo inicial era identificar os agentes e os motivos da ampla difusão dessa devoção em terras mineiras. Partindo de uma perspectiva da História da Arte, um grupo de aproximadamente 200 imagens foi analisado em termos de fatura, tipologia e iconografia, e os resultados dessa análise foram confrontados com dados provenientes de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Contra o pano de fundo patriarcal dominante, observou-se que as representações de Santa Ana se tornaram um modelo simbólico de feminilidade para uma burguesia que desejava construir sua imagem e legitimidade. Esse modelo, contudo, acabou por percorrer em profundidade os diferentes extratos sociais, que dele se apropriaram diferentemente.

RESUMO A Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) ainda é uma ferramenta distante e muitas vezes temida na área da saúde do idoso. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a incapacidade nas atividades da vida diária (AVDs), as limitações no desempenho físico-funcional e a percepção do ambiente de vizinhança em idosos comunitários do extremo sul de Santa Catarina, classificando-os segundo os domínios e qualificadores propostos pela CIF. Tratou-se de estudo transversal realizado com idosos de ambos os sexos. As variáveis analisadas foram categorizadas de acordo com os domínios da CIF: (1) funções e estruturas do corpo: testes de desempenho físico-funcional; (2) atividade e participação: instrumento de autoavaliação das AVDs; e (3) fatores ambientais: autopercepção do ambiente de vizinhança. Foram avaliados 308 idosos, sendo a maioria mulheres (57,8%) e com idade entre 60 e 69 anos (54,7%). Considerando os qualificadores da CIF, verificou-se maior dificuldade moderada/grave para o teste de sentar e levantar da cadeira de 5 repetições (TSLC5R) (66,2%) no domínio “função e estrutura do corpo”, enquanto para o domínio “atividade e participação” observou-se a prevalência de incapacidade moderada/grave para a tarefa de cortar as unhas dos pés (21,2%). No domínio “fatores ambientais”, verificou-se o predomínio de ausência de locais para a prática de atividade física no ambiente de vizinhança (72,5%).

Our research group, through the analysis of miRNomes in platelet concentrates (PCs) stored in blood banks, identified and validated the miR-127 and miR-320a miRNAs as biomarkers of platelet storage lesions (PSLs) in PCs. In order to validate the miRNAs 127 and 320a methodologically, as PSL biomarkers in a large number of PC bags, we also evaluated important immunological markers involved in the platelet activation/aggregation process—the CD62P receptor (P-selectin), the surface glycoproteins (GP) IIb/IIIa, and the purinergic P2Y12 receptor—via flow cytometry. The miRNAs miR-127 and miR-320a were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). To carry out this study, 500 collection tubes were used at the upper edge of the PC bags containing platelets. Each tube was divided into seven equal parts (totaling 3500 samples) for platelet analysis from 7 different storage days, where the 1st day represents the high-quality control, and the 7th day corresponds to the low-quality control of the platelets. After analyzing all parameters during storage days, it was concluded that the relative quantification of miR-320a below 0.50 and the CD62P receptor below 27.92% are reliable indicators of the absence of storage lesions in blood banks. We believe that the values found in the expression of the CD62P receptor legitimize the use of the miR-320a and miR-127 miRNAs to build a kit capable of accurately measuring whether the stored platelets are suitable for transfusion.

Objetivo: O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar os fatores associados com a adesão à medicação em pacientes transplantados renais, mostrando os fatores que contribuem para o aumento e a diminuição da adesão. Métodos: Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, buscando nas bases de dados Medline Complete, Academic Search Premier, Embase e CINAHL. Foi usado o programa Rayyan para gestão dos trabalhos. Resultados: Identificaram-se inicialmente 1.859 trabalhos e foram incluídos 36 artigos. Todos os estudos envolviam pacientes adultos, geralmente com média de idade entre 40 e 50 anos. Os homens foram a maioria dos pacientes em praticamente todos os estudos. A maior parte dos pacientes transplantados possuía mais de um ano de transplante. A adesão foi aferida na maior parte dos estudos por instrumentos validados e amplamente usados, como o caso do The Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medication Scale (Baasis) e a Escala de Adesão à Terapia Imunossupressora (ITAS). Outras escalas usadas para outras doenças também foram adotadas, como o instrumento de Morisky, usado nas versões de quatro ou oito questões. Os valores de adesão foram bastante distintos variando de valores muito baixos como 10,8 e 16,9%, até valores muito altos como 90,8 ou 94,5%. Entre os fatores que aumentam a adesão estão: maior índice de satisfação com a vida; melhor percepção dos medicamentos; apoio dos médicos; suporte social; maior tempo de espera em lista de transplante; e melhores resultados de função renal. Entre os fatores que diminuem a adesão à medicação cita-se: possuir vínculo de trabalho; sonolência diurna; enfrentamento tipo paliativo; menor autonomia; problemas financeiros; possuir estresse; mudança de rotina; menor conhecimento e literacidade em saúde; eventos adversos aos imunossupressores; crenças e preocupações com os imunossupressores; menor crença na autoeficácia; e religiosidade intrínseca. Além disso, houve fatores em que existe, na literatura, divergência quanto à influência na adesão como sexo, idade, renda e tempo de transplante. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que diversos fatores modificáveis e não modificáveis contribuem para a adesão à medicação o que demonstra a importância destes achados para o cuidado de pacientes transplantados renais.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in the second half of 2022, there are about 606 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and almost 6,500,000 deaths around the world. A pandemic was declared by the WHO in March 2020 when the new coronavirus spread around the world. The short time between the first cases in Wuhan and the declaration of a pandemic initiated the search for ways to stop the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or to attempt to cure the disease COVID-19. More than ever, research groups are developing vaccines, drugs, and immunobiological compounds, and they are even trying to repurpose drugs in an increasing number of clinical trials. There are great expectations regarding the vaccine’s effectiveness for the prevention of COVID-19. However, producing sufficient doses of vaccines for the entire population and SARS-CoV-2 variants are challenges for pharmaceutical industries. On the contrary, efforts have been made to create different vaccines with different approaches so that they can be used by the entire population. Here, we summarize about 8162 clinical trials, showing a greater number of drug clinical trials in Europe and the United States and less clinical trials in low-income countries. Promising results about the use of new drugs and drug repositioning, monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma, and mesenchymal stem cells to control viral infection/replication or the hyper-inflammatory response to the new coronavirus bring hope to treat the disease.

BackgroundIt remains uncertain how the intersection between educational, gender, and race/skin color inequalities influences food consumption in Brazil. In this study, we examined the educational inequality in the consumption of in natura/minimally processed and ultra-processed foods by Brazilians with an intersectional perspective between sex and race/color.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from the Telephone Surveillance System (VIGITEL 2019), comprising 52,443 participants ≥ 18 years. Daily food consumption was considered high when consumption of ≥5 foods for each food group was reported the day before the survey. Educational inequality in food consumption was assessed by the slope index of inequality (SII) and the relative index of inequality (RII) according to sex and race/color (White; Black/Brown). Positive SII and RII values > 1.0 indicate higher food consumption among more educated participants.ResultsThe consumptions of in natura/minimally processed and ultra-processed foods were more prevalent in those with the highest level of education (≥12 years) and intermediate education (9–11 years), respectively. However, highly educated White women had higher consumption of in natura/minimally processed foods than Black women with the same education level, and White men in low and intermediate school levels had higher consumption of these foods than Black men with the same education levels. We found higher absolute educational inequality for in natura/minimally processed foods among White women (SII 21.8, 95% CI 15.3, 28.4) and Black/Brown men (SII 19.3, 95% CI 12.5, 26.1). Black/Brown men (SII 7.3, 95% CI 0.5, 14.0) and Black/Brown women (SII 5.6, 95% CI 1.0, 10.2) had higher absolute educational inequality than White men (SII −3.3, 95% CI −10.9, 4.3; P = 0.04) in the consumption of ultra-processed foods.ConclusionEducational inequalities influenced the consumption of in natura/minimally processed more than ultra-processed foods, and, for the latter, inequalities were greater among Black/Brown men and women than among White men.

ABSTRACT To evaluate the ability of temporary cement (TC) and gutta-percha sticks (GP) to prevent bacterial contamination of the root canal through the coronal seal after pulpectomy. Eighty artificial primary maxillary central incisors were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups: TC (n = 40) and GP (n = 40). Endodontic access, rotary instrumentation, root canal filling, and coronal sealing were performed according to group allocation. The root canal opening was seeded with S. mutans and E. faecalis. Both groups were subdivided into 5 experimental time points (24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours), with 8 specimens per time-point group: 5 in which both root canal filling and coronal sealing were performed (with either TC or GP) and 3 controls (coronal sealing alone, without root canal filling). All specimens were incubated in an anaerobic jar at 37°C, and bacterial contamination was assessed in a spectrophotometer. ANOVA (t-test) was used to compare contamination and the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare filling scores between the experimental groups. A significant difference was observed in sealing in the first 24 hours between GP and controls (p = 0.046). There was no significant difference in the filling pattern between canals sealed with TC versus GP. Specimens sealed with GP showed less contamination than controls in the first 24 hours. At later time points, neither GP nor TC were effective at controlling bacterial contamination; both failed to provide adequate coronal sealing.

Introdução: Pacientes com câncer possuem um risco maior de contrair covid-19 e apresentar piores resultados. Objetivo: Avaliar o estresse pós-traumático advindo da pandemia de covid-19 em mulheres com câncer de mama. Método: Escala do Impacto do Evento – Revisada (IES-R) composta por 22 itens, em três subescalas (evitação, intrusão e hiperestimulação), que contemplam os critérios de avaliação de transtornos de estresse pós-traumáticos. O convite foi enviado via WhatsApp ou nas reuniões on-line de um núcleo de reabilitação para o câncer de mama juntamente com um link de um formulário do Google Docs e o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 50 mulheres que apresentaram idade entre 34 e 81 anos, 88% faziam uso de algum tipo de medicação para comorbidades e 10% usavam antidepressivos. As participantes não apresentaram transtornos de estresse pós-traumáticos, no entanto, os números mostraram que mulheres com idades mais avançadas apresentaram índices menores de transtornos de estresse pós-traumáticos: escala total (p=0,002), subescalas intrusão (p=0,001) e hiperestimulação (p=0,003). Houve também uma diferença significativa quanto a medicação antidepressiva para a escala total (p=0,032) e para as subescalas intrusão (p=0,026) e hiperestimulação (p=0,030). Conclusão: As participantes não apresentaram estresse pós-traumático, o que pode ter sido em razão de já frequentarem um núcleo de reabilitação para o câncer de mama que oferece uma assistência integral, inclusive durante a pandemia (atendimento on-line).

Objective: to learn the social representations of teachers about bullying. Method: This was a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, based on the Theory of Social Representations, carried out with 10 teachers interviewed from the 6th and 7th grades of a public school in the Federal District. Results: the teachers admitted that this phenomenon is broad, complex and that it occurs regularly in schools. Final Considerations: It was noted that there is still a lack of knowledge by teachers on this subject, as only three of them emerged knowledge about the manifestations of bullying but, almost unanimously, pointed out that they are not prepared to resolve this type of conflict given the multifaceted characteristic of the phenomenon.

The parasitoid Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 is used in biological control programs in Brazil against eggs of Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1798), a key pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. To optimize the mass production of parasitoids, artificial diets and storage of host eggs at low temperatures have been developed; however, direct comparisons of the effects of these conditions have not occurred. We assessed a double factorial arrangement composed of six treatments (fresh or cryopreserved E. heros eggs from adults fed on natural or two artificial diets). We evaluated the biological characteristics and parasitism capacity of T. podisi produced from these treatments across seven temperatures. The thermal range between 21 and 30 °C resulted in satisfactory daily parasitism in all treatments tested, with an inverse relationship between temperature and female survival. The best parasitoid biological parameters were found between 21 and 27 °C, where all tested diets supported T. podisi development, with the best results from artificial diets. Fresh eggs and those frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −196 °C until use supported parasitoid development. These results suggest that the best method to mass rear T. podisi is to use artificial diets to rear E. heros and store eggs until needed, and then rear parasitoids at 24 °C.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre características de supervisão parental e diferentes papéis de bullying entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015. Realização frequente de refeições com os pais ou responsáveis, conhecimento sobre o tempo livre e verificação dos deveres de casa foram as práticas parentais avaliadas. Utilizou-se regressão logística para associação entre essas práticas e bullying (perpetração e vitimização), apresentada como razão de odds (RO) e intervalos de confianças de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Entre 102.072 escolares, a realização frequente de refeições com os pais ou responsáveis [ROvitim = 0,86 (IC95% 0,84;0,89); ROperp = 0,85 (IC95% 0,82;0,88)], a verificação dos deveres de casa [ROvitim = 0,95 (IC95% 0,92;0,97); ROperp= 0,76 (IC95% 0,74;0,78)] e o conhecimento dos pais ou responsáveis sobre o tempo livre dos escolares [ROperp = 0,70 (IC95% 0,68;0,73)] foram inversamente associadas ao bullying. Conclusão: Maior supervisão parental reduziu a chance de vitimização e perpetração do bullying entre adolescentes escolares.

Alterações no sono são comuns em idosos e alguns fatores de risco podem agravar essa condição. Entender a associação do comportamento sedentário com o histórico de problemas de sono poderá auxiliar na elaboração de programas de intervenção. Verificar a associação entre tipologias do comportamento sedentário e histórico de problemas no sono em idosos comunitários brasileiros. Estudo transversal, com dados de 43.554 idosos participantes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), de 2019. As tipologias do comportamento sedentário foram avaliadas por: (1) tempo assistindo televisão; (2) atividades de lazer; e (3) tempo despendido total (televisão + lazer). O comportamento sedentário foi categorizado em < 3; 3-6 e > 6 horas/dia. O desfecho foi histórico de problemas de sono (dificuldade para adormecer, acordar frequentemente à noite ou dormir mais do que de costume) avaliados por meio do autorrelato nos últimos 15 dias. As associações foram verificadas pela regressão logística multivariável. Idosos que permaneceram tempo > 6 horas/dia em comportamento sedentário assistindo televisão tiveram 13% (OR = 1,13; IC95%: 1,02; 1,26) maiores probabilidades de relatarem problemas de sono. Referente ao comportamento sedentário total, idosos que permaneceram entre 3-6 horas e mais do que 6 horas/dia apresentaram 13% (OR = 1,13; IC95%: 1,04; 1,22) e 11% (OR = 1,11; IC95%: 1,01; 1,23) maiores probabilidades de problemas de sono, respectivamente. Os idosos amostrados que relataram permanecer por períodos superiores a 6 horas por dia em comportamento sedentário assistindo à televisão e > 3 horas em comportamento sedentário total tiveram maiores chances de terem problemas no sono. Estes achados podem contribuir nas orientações sobre a necessidade de redução no comportamento sedentário em idosos.

Obesity has become a public health problem in recent decades, and during pregnancy, it can lead to an increased risk of gestational complications and permanent changes in the offspring resulting from a process known as metabolic programming. The offspring of obese dams are at increased risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), even in the absence of high-fat diet consumption. NAFLD is a chronic fatty liver disease that can progress to extremely severe conditions that require surgical intervention with the removal of the injured tissue. Liver regeneration is necessary to preserve organ function. A range of pathways is activated in the liver regeneration process, including the Hippo, TGFβ, and AMPK signaling pathways that are under epigenetic control. We investigated whether microRNA modulation in the liver of the offspring of obese dams would impact gene expression of Hippo, TGFβ, and AMPK pathways and tissue regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHx). Female Swiss mice fed a standard chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) before and during pregnancy and lactation were mated with male control mice. The offspring from control (CT-O) and obese (HF-O) dams weaned to standard chow diet until day 56 were submitted to PHx surgery. Prior to the surgery, HF-O presented alterations in miR-122, miR-370, and Let-7a expression in the liver compared to CT-O, as previously shown, as well as in its target genes involved in liver regeneration. However, after the PHx (4 h or 48 h post-surgery), differences in gene expression between CT-O and HF-O were suppressed, as well as in microRNA expression in the liver. Furthermore, both CT-O and HF-O presented a similar regenerative capacity of the liver within 48 h after PHx. Our results suggest that survival and regenerative mechanisms induced by the partial hepatectomy may overcome the epigenetic changes in the liver of offspring programmed by maternal obesity.

Abstract Background Safety culture is still a poorly studied subject in primary care and home care, although these settings are considered gateways to access to healthcare. This study aims to evaluate safety culture in primary and home care settings. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was carried out with 147 professionals from nine districts covered by one home care program and six primary healthcare centres. The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) was used to evaluate the safety culture, in which scores ≥75 are indicative of a positive safety culture. Results A total of 56 (86,1%) questionnaires returned from the home care professionals and 91 (86,6%) from the primary care professionals. The Job satisfaction domain was the best evaluated, achieving a score of 88.8 in home care and 75.1 in primary care. The achievement of high scores on Safety Climate, Job Satisfaction, Teamwork Climate, and Total SAQ was related to male gender, and time of professional experience of three to 4 years. Perception of management and Working conditions had the lowest scores, and this result was related with long time of experience. Conclusions It is concluded that professionals working in home care gave higher scores for safety culture in their workplace than the primary care workers.

Resumo: O comportamento sedentário emerge como um importante determinante da saúde da pessoa idosa, no entanto, sua relação com a multimorbidade e seus padrões de acometimento em estudos epidemiológicos têm sido pouco explorados na população brasileira. Tais associações poderão auxiliar na elaboração de políticas públicas visando à modificação desse comportamento. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre comportamento sedentário com multimorbidade e seus padrões em idosos brasileiros. Estudo transversal, com 43.554 idosos da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019. O comportamento sedentário autorreferido foi categorizado em < 3; 3-6; e > 6 horas por dia. A presença de multimorbidade e seus padrões foram analisados pelo autorrelato da coexistência de duas ou mais doenças crônicas, sendo que os três padrões estabelecidos consideraram as doenças com características clínicas similares: (1) cardiopulmonar; (2) vascular-metabólico; e (3) mental-musculoesquelético. As associações foram realizadas pela regressão logística binária. Os idosos que despendiam 3-6 horas/dia em comportamento sedentário tiveram maiores chances (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,29; 1,50) de apresentar multimorbidade, padrão vascular-metabólico (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,29; 1,50) e mental-musculoesquelético (OR = 1,11; IC95%: 1,00; 1,24). Quando o comportamento sedentário foi > 6 horas/dia, houve maiores chances de multimorbidade (OR = 1,58; IC95%: 1,43; 1,74) e dos padrões cardiopulmonar (OR = 1,73; IC95%: 1,33; 2,27), vascular-metabólico (OR = 1,49; IC95%: 1,35; 1,64) e mental-musculoesquelético (OR = 1,15; IC95%: 1,01; 1,31), quando comparados àqueles que ficavam até 3 horas/dia. Dessa forma, evidenciou-se que tempos elevados em comportamento sedentário são fatores de risco relevantes para a ocorrência de multimorbidade e seus padrões em idosos.

Odontogenic tumors comprise a heterogeneous group of lesions that arise from the odontogenic apparatus and their remnants. Although the etiopathogenesis of most odontogenic tumors remains unclear, there have been some advances, recently, in the understanding of the genetic basis of specific odontogenic tumors. The mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK) pathway is intimately involved in the regulation of important cellular functions, and it is commonly deregulated in several human neoplasms. Molecular analysis performed by different techniques, including direct sequencing, next-generation sequencing, and allele-specific qPCR, have uncovered mutations in genes related to the oncogenic MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in odontogenic tumors. Genetic mutations in this pathway genes have been reported in epithelial and mixed odontogenic tumors, in addition to odontogenic carcinomas and sarcomas. Notably, B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) and KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase (KRAS) pathogenic mutations have been reported in a high proportion of ameloblastomas and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, respectively. In line with the reports about other neoplasms that harbor a malignant counterpart, the frequency of BRAF p.V600E mutation is higher in ameloblastoma (64% in conventional, 81% in unicystic, and 63% in peripheral) than in ameloblastic carcinoma (35%). The objective of this study was to review MAPK/ERK genetic mutations in benign and malignant odontogenic tumors. Additionally, such genetic alterations were discussed in the context of tumorigenesis, clinical behavior, classification, and future perspectives regarding therapeutic approaches.

Reflexões acerca da utilização das técnicas de Pilates e Yoga no treinamento corporal desenvolvido pelo grupo de pesquisa O corpomente em cena: as ações físicas do ator-bailarino, coordenado pela Dra. Sandra Meyer e formado por alunos e egressos do Curso de Licenciatura em Teatro da UDESC. Abordagens somáticas como possibilidades de amplificação das manifestações do corpo sensível disponibilizando-o para a prática do Viewpoints, método desenvolvido pela diretora teatral americana Anne Bogart.

Este artigo tem como objetivo propor um modelo que permita avaliar o nível de engajamento do estudante da modalidade à distância. Inicialmente foi realizada uma revisão de literatura buscando levantar os fatores de engajamento. Após, foram conduzidos quatro grupos focados a fim de identificar fatores que geram engajamento na modalidade à distância. A seguir, foi feita uma survey para avaliar a importância dos fatores permitindo que os mesmos fossem validados por meio da realização de uma Análise Fatorial Confirmatória. Apoiado na lista de fatores e suas importâncias, foi desenvolvida uma proposta de modelo de avaliação do engajamento do estudante composto de algoritmo de cálculo.

ABSTRACT: Ten male sheep (Sheep group; SGk) and seven male goats (Goat group; GGks+) were used in this study. The objective was to compare the use of racemic ketamine or ketamine S(+) associated with lidocaine on spinal anesthesia and evaluate if the drugs leads to a surgical anesthesia state, as well as to verify the cardiorespiratory, sedative and motor effects of this technique in these species. After correct placement of the needle in the subarachnoid space, 3.0 mg kg−1 of racemic ketamine (SGk) or ketamine S(+) (GGks+), both diluted in 1.5 mg kg−1 of 2% lidocaine, were administered. Evaluations were performed during orchiectomy, at times 0 (T0), 5 (T5), 10 (T10), 20 (T20), 30 (T30) and 60 (T60) minutes after subarachnoid anesthesia administration. No significant changes in heart and respiratory rates were observed in both experimental groups. All animals showed surgical analgesia and stood conscious or slightly sedated with ataxia immediately after the drugs administration (T5), allowing the execution of bilateral orchiectomy. The ataxia in SGk was classified as severe with recumbency in 80% of the animals, moderate ataxia in 10% of the animals, and mild ataxia in 10% of the animals. All goats (GGks+; 100%) presented severe ataxia and recumbency. At 60 min, animals of both groups were in standing position and with normal gait. Subarachnoid RS-ketamine and ketamine S(+) (3 mg kg−1), associated with lidocaine in sheep and goats, produces surgical anesthesia and recumbency without causing cardiorespiratory abnormalities, regurgitation and bloating.

O aporte de resíduos vegetais ao solo é um dos requisitos essenciais para o sucesso do plantio direto, principalmente em áreas de clima tropical, cuja taxa de decomposição do material orgânico é elevada. O tipo de palha presente na superfície do solo pode influenciar a cultura implantada na sequência, principalmente ao que diz respeito à disponibilização de nitrogênio (N). Sendo assim, objetivou-se estudar o efeito dos restos culturais de milho (Zea mays L.) exclusivo ou consorciado com plantas de cobertura no desenvolvimento e produtividade do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivado em sucessão e adubado com doses de N. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados disposto em esquema fatorial 5x4, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação do efeito dos restos culturais de milho exclusivo; milho + Crotalaria spectabilis; milho + Cajanus cajan; milho + Canavalia ensiformis; milho + Urochloa ruziziensis, cultivadas anteriormente e, por quatro doses de N aplicadas em cobertura na cultura do feijão (0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1). As parcelas foram constituídas por 7 linhas de 7,5 m de comprimento com espaçamento de 0,45 m. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: matéria seca da cobertura vegetal, matéria seca da parte aérea (feijão), componentes de produção, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade de grãos. O consórcio entre milho e plantas de cobertura promoveu aumento da matéria seca sobre o solo, comparado ao cultivo de milho exclusivo. Houve incremento na matéria seca de plantas de feijão com as doses crescentes de N nos dois anos de cultivo e para a produtividade houve incremento somente no primeiro ano de cultivo. O consórcio do milho com plantas de cobertura proporcionou adequada cobertura do solo, porém não influenciou a produtividade do feijoeiro cultivado em sucessão nos dois anos de cultivo.

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a toxicidade aguda e determinar a dose letal mediana (DL50) de efluentes de curtume, administrados pela via oral em fêmeas de camundongos da linhagem Swiss. Para isso, estabeleceu-se os seguintes grupos experimentais: grupo controle, o qual recebeu apenas água filtrada; grupo 20% de efluente de curtume diluído em água filtrada, 40%, 60%, 80% e 100%. Adotou-se procedimentos adaptados da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária para avaliação da toxicidade aguda. Observou-se que as concentrações de 100% e 80% de efluente de curtume promoveram a morte de todos os animais dos respectivos grupos. Por outro lado, a DL50 correspondeu à concentração de 60% de efluente de curtume diluído em água. Para as demais doses (40% e 20%) não foi evidenciada a morte de nenhum dos animais. Acredita-se que este estudo possa subsidiar trabalhos futuros que venham investigar diferentes efeitos da exposição oral de camundongos a efluentes de curtume, possibilitando a elucidação dos mecanismos que relacionam os efeitos à esses xenobióticos.

The student engagement is an institutional quality measure. As students are more engaged in educational activities, better is the institution (KUH, HU, 2001). Excellence in higher education takes place in universities that maximize good practices that encourage academic and social engagement (PASCARELLA, 2001). A topic not studied yet regards to the quality of learning experiences in distance courses and the level of engagement in the activities of these courses (CHEN; GONYEA; KUH, 2008). This article presents and discusses the engagement factors of distance education students. The study was conducted through a qualitative research, supported in conducting focus groups. It was initially carried out a review of the existing literature in order to raise the engagement factors of students in distance learning. The analysis identifies 60 factors of student engagement in distance learning, divided into 11 dimensions.

Objective: to describe the perceptions of parents about the hospitalization of premature infants and the care provided by nursing staff. Methods: qualitative study in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with 14 parents. Medical records checking, interview with the participants and thematic content analysis were carried out. Results: parents reported surprise, fear, insecurity and guilt by hospitalization and prematurity. They mentioned as difficulties being in another city, leaving the other children and financial problems, and as facilitator factors trust and good relationship with the team and care availability. They showed fear of hospital discharge, however, they received the team’s guidelines for home care. Conclusion: hospitalization motivates different feelings related to prematurity, financial and social issues and the distance from home and families. They showed learning through the bond and trust as an important activity of the nursing staff.

Objetivou-se avaliar a percepção da cultura de segurança do paciente sob a perspectiva de profissionais de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 283 profissionais de saúde de hospitais de referência do estado do Ceará. Os dados foram coletados por meio do Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, o qual busca avaliar as atitudes de segurança no exercício profissional. No escore total do questionário, entre os hospitais, observou-se variação de valores entre 63,4 a 71,5, sendo considerado valor positivo escore igual ou maior que 75. Portanto, nenhuma instituição alcançou resultados positivos. Entre os seis domínios do questionário, “Clima de segurança”, “Percepção da gerência” e “Condições de trabalho” apresentaram as médias mais baixas. Desta forma, constatou-se a necessidade de incentivo à cultura de segurança em diversos aspectos, principalmente nas atitudes gerenciais quanto à segurança do paciente e condições de trabalho.

Abstract Introduction: Some authors have described the importance of physiological intensity in the behavior of the biomechanical aspects of running (for example, subtalar pronation), but the complex relationships between these variables are not yet well understood. Objective: This study investigated the influence of positive gradients on internal mechanical work (Wint) and maximum subtalar pronation at a submaximal running speed. Method: Sixteen male, trained long-distance runners (age: 29 ± 7 yr; stature: 1.72 ± 0.07 m; body mass: 72.1 ± 10.6 kg), performed four running economy tests (gradients: +1%, +5%, +10% and +15%, respectively) for four minutes at a same submaximal running speed to quantify the maximum values of subtalar pronation and predict the Wint values. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student’s T-test, and one-way repeated-measures (ANOVA) along with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: Wint increased according to the gradient (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the maximum values of maximum subtalar pronation corresponding to each gradient. Conclusion: Results show the maximum subtalar pronation during submaximal running depends on the speed rather than intensity of effort.

Introdução: A variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) pode ser considerada como preditora do desempenho esportivo aeróbico, apesar de poucos estudos relacionarem suas respostas a parâmetros mecânicos. Objetivo: Analisar a influência da frequência de passada (FP) na VFC, representada pelos intervalos RR (iRR), de corredores recreacionistas fundistas. Materiais e Métodos: Quatorze corredores (7 homens e 7 mulheres - idade: 37 ± 4 e 30 ± 5 anos; massa corporal: 74,9 ± 7,7 e 56,1 ± 3,6 kg; estatura: 1,76 ± 0,05 e 1,63 ± 0,05 m; consumo máximo de oxigênio: 51,8 ± 2,5 e 46,3 ± 6,6 ml.kg-1.min-1) correram a uma FP confortável (FPc), em esteira rolante, a uma velocidade auto-selecionada, seguida de duas corridas na mesma velocidade com FPs correspondentes a ± 10% da FPc (FP+10% e FP-10%) durante 5-min cada. Resultados: Não foram verificadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os iRR (homens e mulheres: 397,3 ± 40,8 e 416,5 ± 63,4 ms; 381,2 ± 37,4 e 378,6 ± 34,9 ms; 382,2 ± 39,8 e 393,0 ± 52,0 ms) nas condições de FPc, FP+10% e FP-10%, respectivamente, apesar da tendência de existirem maiores valores de iRR durante a corrida realizada na FPc. Discussão: Estudos têm demonstrado que a relação em questão é dependente da intensidade de esforço e do condicionamento físico. Conclusão: A VFC parece não ser dependente da técnica de corrida em baixas e moderadas intensidades, porém representa uma alternativa simplificada para obter informações a respeito do metabolismo aeróbico durante o exercício. ABSTRACT Stride frequency effect on heart rate variability of long distance runners Introduction: The heart rate variability (HRV) may be considered as a predictor of aerobic exercise performance, although few studies relate their responses to mechanical parameters. Objective: Analyze the influence of stride frequency (SF) on HRV, represented by RR interval (RRI), in recreational endurance runners. Materials and Methods: Fourteen runners (7 men and 7 women - age: 37 ± 4 and 30 ± 5 years; body mass: 74.9 ± 7.7 and 56.1 ± 3.6 kg; height: 1.76 ± 0.05 and 1.63 ± 0.05 m, maximal oxygen uptake: 51.8 ± 2.5 and 46.3 ± 6.6 ml.kg-1.min-1) running at a confortable SF (SFc) on treadmill at a self-selected running speed, followed by two stages of 5-min each at the same speed with corresponding to ± 10% of SFc (SF+10% and SF-10%). Results: No significant differences were found between RRI (men and women: 397.3 ± 40.8 and 416.5 ± 63.4 ms; 381.2 ± 37.4 and 378.6 ± 34.9 ms; 382, 2 ± 39.8 and 393.0 ± 52.0 ms) for SFc, SF+10% and SF-10%, respectively, despite the tendency there higher RRI values in SFc. Discussion: Studies have shown that this relation is dependent of physical activity intensity level and physical fitness. Conclusion: HRV does not seem to be dependent on running technique at low and moderate intensities, but represents a simplified alternative for information about the aerobic metabolism during exercise.

Among the anthropic activities generating potentially toxic residues are those involved with bovine hide processing (tannery industries). However, knowledge is scant regarding the damage caused to the health of various organisms by tannery waste and studies are rare, especially in mammalian experimental models. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the physical and behavioral effects of the exposure of female Swiss mice to tannery effluent. To accomplish this, for a period of 15 days the animals were fed tannery effluent diluted with water in the following concentrations: 0% (control group, received only potable water), 5% and 10%. The body mass of the animals was evaluated at the beginning and end of the experiment, as well as the daily consumption of water and food. After 15 days of exposure to the effluent, the animals were submitted to the elevated plus maze (predictive of anxiety) and the forced swim test (predictive of depression). The treatments did not affect the animals' body mass, either in eating behavior or in consumption of water. However, it was found that the animals that ingested tannery effluent concentrations of 5% and 10% exhibited an anxiolytic (lower level of anxiety, greater percentage of time in the open arms, longer time and frequency in the diving behavior, less time of lurks and less frequency of freezing) and an antidepressant effect (more time in climbing behavior and less time of immobility) when compared to the control group. It was concluded that the exposure of female Swiss mice to tannery effluents (5% and 10% diluted with water) causes behavioral changes, possibly related to the neurotoxicity of this waste, without causing physical changes in the animals.

abstract Valsartan was submitted to forced degradation under acid hydrolysis condition as prescribed by the ICH. Degraded sample aliquots were separated via HPLC using a Hypersil ODS (C18) column (250 x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm). Either photodiode array (PDA) detection or mass spectrometry (MS) full scan monitoring of HPLC runs were used. HPLC-PDA failed to indicate Valsartan degradation under forced acid degradation, showing an insignificant peak area variation and that Valsartan apparently remained pure. HPLC-MS using electrospray ionization (ESI) and total ionic current (TIC) monitoring did not reveal any peak variation either, but inspection of the ESI mass spectra showed the appearance of m/z 306 and m/z 352 ions for the same retention time as that of Valsartan (m/z 436). These ions were identified as being protonated molecules of two co-eluting degradation products formed by hydrolysis. These assignments were confirmed by ESI-MS/MS with direct infusion of the degraded samples. The results showed that the use of selective HPLC-MS is essential for monitoring Valsartan degradation. Efficient HPLC separation coupled to selective and structural diagnostic MS monitoring seems therefore mandatory for comprehensive drug degradation studies, particularly for new drugs and formulations, and for method development.

BACKGROUND:Nucleic acid testing (NAT) for virus detection during blood screening has helped to prevent transfusion-transmitted infections worldwide. In northern Brazil, NAT was implemented in 2012 for HIV and HCV and more recently, in January 2015, the screening for HBV was included and currently used concomitant with serological tests (HBsAg and anti-HBc). This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and the incidence of HBV infection among voluntary blood donors at ten regional blood centers of HEMOPA Foundation in Pará state and to compare the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV infection before and after the Brazilian HBV-NAT implementation. METHODS:The prevalence (restricted to first time donors- FT) and seroconversion rate (restricted to repeat donors- RP) of HBV were calculated based on rates of confirmed positive samples. Residual risk was based on the incidence and window period (WP) model described by Schreiber and coauthors. Logistic and Poisson regression were used in the statistical analysis by SPSS v20.0. A p value