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1. Natural barriers: waterfall transit by small flying animals

Author

Ortega-Jimenez, Victor M, Herbst, Eva C, Leung, Michelle S, and Dudley, Robert

Subjects
Zoology, Biological Sciences, two-phase flows, flight, hummingbirds, insect, swifts
Abstract

Waterfalls are conspicuous geomorphological features with heterogeneous structure, complex dynamics and multiphase flows. Swifts, dippers and starlings are well-known to nest behind waterfalls, and have been reported to fly through them. For smaller fliers, by contrast, waterfalls seem to represent impenetrable barriers, but associated physical constraints and the kinematic responses of volant animals during transit are unknown. Here, we describe the flight behaviour of hummingbirds (the sister group to the swifts) and of various insect taxa as they fly through an artificial sheet waterfall. We additionally launched plastic balls at different speeds at the waterfall so as to assess the inertial dependence of sheet penetration. Hummingbirds were able to penetrate the waterfall with reductions in both their translational speed, and stroke amplitude. The body tilted more vertically and exhibited greater rotations in roll, pitch and yaw, along with increases in tail spread and pitch. The much smaller plastic balls and some flies moving at speeds greater than 2.3 m s-1 and 1.6 m s-1, respectively, also overcame effects of surface tension and water momentum and passed through the waterfall; objects with lower momentum, by contrast, entered the sheet but then fell along with the moving water. Waterfalls can thus represent impenetrable physical barriers for small and slow animal fliers, and may also serve to exclude both predators and parasites from nests of some avian taxa.

Published
2020

5. Subclinical early posttraumatic seizures detected by continuous EEG monitoring in a consecutive pediatric cohort

Author

Arndt, Daniel H, Lerner, Jason T, Matsumoto, Joyce H, Madikians, Andranik, Yudovin, Sue, Valino, Hannah, McArthur, David L, Wu, Joyce Y, Leung, Michelle, Buxey, Farzad, Szeliga, Conrad, Van Hirtum‐Das, Michele, Sankar, Raman, Brooks‐Kayal, Amy, and Giza, Christopher C

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Childhood Injury, Traumatic Head and Spine Injury, Brain Disorders, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Neurosciences, Neurodegenerative, Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Clinical Research, Pediatric, Epilepsy, Injuries and accidents, Adolescent, Anticonvulsants, Brain Injuries, Child, Child, Preschool, Electroencephalography, Epilepsies, Partial, Female, Glasgow Coma Scale, Humans, Infant, Male, Monitoring, Physiologic, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Seizures, Status Epilepticus, Clinical neurophysiology, Children, ICU, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences
Abstract

PurposeTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children, and early posttraumatic seizures (EPTS) are a contributing factor to ongoing acute damage. Continuous video-EEG monitoring (cEEG) was utilized to assess the burden of clinical and electrographic EPTS.MethodsEighty-seven consecutive, unselected (mild - severe), acute TBI patients requiring pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission at two academic centers were monitored prospectively with cEEG per established clinical TBI protocols. Clinical and subclinical seizures and status epilepticus (SE, clinical and subclinical) were assessed for their relation to clinical risk factors and short-term outcome measures.Key findingsOf all patients, 42.5% (37/87) had seizures. Younger age (p = 0.002) and injury mechanism (abusive head trauma - AHT, p < 0.001) were significant risk factors. Subclinical seizures occurred in 16.1% (14/87), while 6.9% (6/87) had only subclinical seizures. Risk factors for subclinical seizures included younger age (p < 0.001), AHT (p < 0.001), and intraaxial bleed (p < 0.001). SE occurred in 18.4% (16/87) with risk factors including younger age (p < 0.001), AHT (p < 0.001), and intraaxial bleed (p = 0.002). Subclinical SE was detected in 13.8% (12/87) with significant risk factors including younger age (p < 0.001), AHT (p = 0.001), and intraaxial bleed (p = 0.004). Subclinical seizures were associated with lower discharge King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury (KOSCHI) score (p = 0.002). SE and subclinical SE were associated with increased hospital length of stay (p = 0.017 and p = 0.041, respectively) and lower hospital discharge KOSCHI (p = 0.007 and p = 0.040, respectively).SignificancecEEG monitoring significantly improves detection of seizures/SE and is the only way to detect subclinical seizures/SE. cEEG may be indicated after pediatric TBI, particularly in younger children, AHT cases, and those with intraaxial blood on computerized tomography (CT).

Published
2013

7. Body composition and lung cancer-associated cachexia in TRACERx

Author

Al-Sawaf, Othman, Weiss, Jakob, Skrzypski, Marcin, Lam, Jie Min, Karasaki, Takahiro, Zambrana, Francisco, Kidd, Andrew C, Frankell, Alexander M, Watkins, Thomas BK, Martinez-Ruiz, Carlos, Puttick, Clare, Black, James RM, Huebner, Ariana, Al Bakir, Maise, Sokac, Mateo, Collins, Susie, Veeriah, Selvaraju, Magno, Neil, Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Prymas, Paulina, Toncheva, Antonia, Ward, Sophia, Jayanth, Nick, Salgado, Roberto, Bridge, Christopher P, Christiani, David C, Mak, Raymond H, Bay, Camden, Rosenthal, Michael, Sattar, Naveed, Welsh, Paul, Liu, Ying, Perrimon, Norbert, Popuri, Karteek, Beg, Mirza Faisal, McGranahan, Nicholas, Hackshaw, Allan, Breen, Danna M, O'Rahilly, Stephen, Birkbak, Nicolai J, Aerts, Hugo JWL, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, Swanton, Charles, Lester, Jason F, Bajaj, Amrita, Nakas, Apostolos, Sodha-Ramdeen, Azmina, Ang, Keng, Tufail, Mohamad, Chowdhry, Mohammed Fiyaz, Scotland, Molly, Boyles, Rebecca, Rathinam, Sridhar, Wilson, Claire, Marrone, Domenic, Dulloo, Sean, Fennell, Dean A, Matharu, Gurdeep, Shaw, Jacqui A, Riley, Joan, Primrose, Lindsay, Boleti, Ekaterini, Cheyne, Heather, Khalil, Mohammed, Richardson, Shirley, Cruickshank, Tracey, Price, Gillian, Kerr, Keith M, Benafif, Sarah, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Naidu, Babu, Patel, Akshay J, Osman, Aya, Lacson, Christer, Langman, Gerald, Shackleford, Helen, Djearaman, Madava, Kadiri, Salma, Middleton, Gary, Leek, Angela, Hodgkinson, Jack Davies, Totten, Nicola, Montero, Angeles, Smith, Elaine, Fontaine, Eustace, Granato, Felice, Doran, Helen, Novasio, Juliette, Rammohan, Kendadai, Joseph, Leena, Bishop, Paul, Shah, Rajesh, Moss, Stuart, Joshi, Vijay, Crosbie, Philip, Gomes, Fabio, Brown, Kate, Carter, Mathew, Chaturvedi, Anshuman, Priest, Lynsey, Oliveira, Pedro, Lindsay, Colin R, Blackhall, Fiona H, Krebs, Matthew G, Summers, Yvonne, Clipson, Alexandra, Tugwood, Jonathan, Kerr, Alastair, Rothwell, Dominic G, Kilgour, Elaine, Dive, Caroline, Schwarz, Roland F, Kaufmann, Tom L, Wilson, Gareth A, Rosenthal, Rachel, Van Loo, Peter, Szallasi, Zoltan, Kisistok, Judit, Diossy, Miklos, Demeulemeester, Jonas, Bunkum, Abigail, Stewart, Aengus, Magness, Alastair, Rowan, Andrew, Karamani, Angeliki, Chain, Benny, Campbell, Brittany B, Castignani, Carla, Bailey, Chris, Abbosh, Christopher, Weeden, Clare E, Lee, Claudia, Richard, Corentin, Hiley, Crispin T, Moore, David A, Pearce, David R, Karagianni, Despoina, Biswas, Dhruva, Levi, Dina, Hoxha, Elena, Cadieux, Elizabeth Larose, Lim, Emilia L, Colliver, Emma, Nye, Emma, Gronroos, Eva, Galvez-Cancino, Felip, Athanasopoulou, Foteini, Gimeno-Valiente, Francisco, Kassiotis, George, Stavrou, Georgia, Mastrokalos, Gerasimos, Zhai, Haoran, Lowe, Helen L, Matos, Ignacio Garcia, Goldman, Jacki, Reading, James L, Herrero, Javier, Rane, Jayant K, Nicod, Jerome, Hartley, John A, Peggs, Karl S, Enfield, Katey SS, Selvaraju, Kayalvizhi, Thol, Kerstin, Litchfield, Kevin, Ng, Kevin W, Chen, Kezhong, Dijkstra, Krijn, Grigoriadis, Kristiana, Thakkar, Krupa, Ensell, Leah, Shah, Mansi, Duran, Marcos Vasquez, Litovchenko, Maria, Sunderland, Mariana Werner, Hill, Mark S, Dietzen, Michelle, Leung, Michelle, Escudero, Mickael, Angelova, Mihaela, Tanic, Miljana, Sivakumar, Monica, Kanu, Nnennaya, Chervova, Olga, Lucas, Olivia, Pich, Oriol, Hobson, Philip, Pawlik, Piotr, Stone, Richard Kevin, Bentham, Robert, Hynds, Robert E, Vendramin, Roberto, Saghafinia, Sadegh, Lopez, Saioa, Gamble, Samuel, Ung, Seng Kuong Anakin, Quezada, Sergio A, Vanloo, Sharon, Zaccaria, Simone, Hessey, Sonya, Boeing, Stefan, Beck, Stephan, Bola, Supreet Kaur, Denner, Tamara, Marafioti, Teresa, Mourikis, Thanos P, Spanswick, Victoria, Barbe, Vittorio, Lu, Wei-Ting, Hill, William, Liu, Wing Kin, Wu, Yin, Naito, Yutaka, Ramsden, Zoe, Veiga, Catarina, Royle, Gary, Collins-Fekete, Charles-Antoine, Fraioli, Francesco, Ashford, Paul, Clark, Tristan, Forster, Martin D, Lee, Siow Ming, Borg, Elaine, Falzon, Mary, Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis, Wilson, James, Ahmad, Tanya, Procter, Alexander James, Ahmed, Asia, Taylor, Magali N, Nair, Arjun, Lawrence, David, Patrini, Davide, Navani, Neal, Thakrar, Ricky M, Janes, Sam M, Hoogenboom, Emilie Martinoni, Monk, Fleur, Holding, James W, Choudhary, Junaid, Bhakhri, Kunal, Scarci, Marco, Hayward, Martin, Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos, Gorman, Pat, Khiroya, Reena, Stephens, Robert CM, Wong, Yien Ning Sophia, Bandula, Steve, Sharp, Abigail, Smith, Sean, Gower, Nicole, Dhanda, Harjot Kaur, Chan, Kitty, Pilotti, Camilla, Leslie, Rachel, Grapa, Anca, Zhang, Hanyun, AbdulJabbar, Khalid, Pan, Xiaoxi, Yuan, Yinyin, Chuter, David, MacKenzie, Mairead, Chee, Serena, Alzetani, Aiman, Cave, Judith, Scarlett, Lydia, Richards, Jennifer, Ingram, Papawadee, Austin, Silvia, Lim, Eric, De Sousa, Paulo, Jordan, Simon, Rice, Alexandra, Raubenheimer, Hilgardt, Bhayani, Harshil, Ambrose, Lyn, Devaraj, Anand, Chavan, Hema, Begum, Sofina, Buderi, Silviu, Kaniu, Daniel, Malima, Mpho, Booth, Sarah, Nicholson, Andrew G, Fernandes, Nadia, Shah, Pratibha, Proli, Chiara, Hewish, Madeleine, Danson, Sarah, Shackcloth, Michael J, Robinson, Lily, Russell, Peter, Blyth, Kevin G, Dick, Craig, Le Quesne, John, Kirk, Alan, Asif, Mo, Bilancia, Rocco, Kostoulas, Nikos, and Thomas, Mathew

Subjects
Male, Proteomics, Cachexia, Lung Neoplasms, Antigens, Neoplasm, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Body Weight, Body Composition, Humans, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Muscle, Skeletal, Neoplasm Proteins
Abstract

Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in individuals with non-small cell lung cancer. Key features of CAC include alterations in body composition and body weight. Here, we explore the association between body composition and body weight with survival and delineate potential biological processes and mediators that contribute to the development of CAC. Computed tomography-based body composition analysis of 651 individuals in the TRACERx (TRAcking non-small cell lung Cancer Evolution through therapy (Rx)) study suggested that individuals in the bottom 20th percentile of the distribution of skeletal muscle or adipose tissue area at the time of lung cancer diagnosis, had significantly shorter lung cancer-specific survival and overall survival. This finding was validated in 420 individuals in the independent Boston Lung Cancer Study. Individuals classified as having developed CAC according to one or more features at relapse encompassing loss of adipose or muscle tissue, or body mass index-adjusted weight loss were found to have distinct tumor genomic and transcriptomic profiles compared with individuals who did not develop such features. Primary non-small cell lung cancers from individuals who developed CAC were characterized by enrichment of inflammatory signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transitional pathways, and differentially expressed genes upregulated in these tumors included cancer-testis antigen MAGEA6 and matrix metalloproteinases, such as ADAMTS3. In an exploratory proteomic analysis of circulating putative mediators of cachexia performed in a subset of 110 individuals from TRACERx, a significant association between circulating GDF15 and loss of body weight, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was identified at relapse, supporting the potential therapeutic relevance of targeting GDF15 in the management of CAC. ispartof: NATURE MEDICINE vol:29 issue:4 ispartof: location:United States status: Published online

Published
2023

8. The evolution of non-small cell lung cancer metastases in TRACERx

Author

Al Bakir, Maise, Huebner, Ariana, Martinez-Ruiz, Carlos, Grigoriadis, Kristiana, Watkins, Thomas BK, Pich, Oriol, Moore, David A, Veeriah, Selvaraju, Ward, Sophia, Laycock, Joanne, Johnson, Diana, Rowan, Andrew, Razaq, Maryam, Akther, Mita, Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Prymas, Paulina, Toncheva, Antonia, Hessey, Sonya, Dietzen, Michelle, Colliver, Emma, Frankell, Alexander, Bunkum, Abigail, Lim, Emilia L, Karasaki, Takahiro, Abbosh, Christopher, Hiley, Crispin T, Hill, Mark S, Cook, Daniel E, Wilson, Gareth A, Salgado, Roberto, Nye, Emma, Stone, Richard Kevin, Fennell, Dean A, Price, Gillian, Kerr, Keith M, Naidu, Babu, Middleton, Gary, Summers, Yvonne, Lindsay, Colin R, Blackhall, Fiona H, Cave, Judith, Blyth, Kevin G, Nair, Arjun, Ahmed, Asia, Taylor, Magali N, Procter, Alexander James, Falzon, Mary, Lawrence, David, Navani, Neal, Thakrar, Ricky M, Janes, Sam M, Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis, Forster, Martin D, Lee, Siow Ming, Ahmad, Tanya, Quezada, Sergio, Peggs, Karl S, Van Loo, Peter, Dive, Caroline, Hackshaw, Allan, Birkbak, Nicolai J, Zaccaria, Simone, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, McGranahan, Nicholas, Swanton, Charles, Lester, Jason F, Bajaj, Amrita, Nakas, Apostolos, Sodha-Ramdeen, Azmina, Ang, Keng, Tufail, Mohamad, Chowdhry, Mohammed Fiyaz, Scotland, Molly, Boyles, Rebecca, Rathinam, Sridhar, Wilson, Claire, Marrone, Domenic, Dulloo, Sean, Matharu, Gurdeep, Shaw, Jacqui A, Riley, Joan, Primrose, Lindsay, Boleti, Ekaterini, Cheyne, Heather, Khalil, Mohammed, Richardson, Shirley, Cruickshank, Tracey, Benafif, Sarah, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Patel, Akshay J, Osman, Aya, Lacson, Christer, Langman, Gerald, Shackleford, Helen, Djearaman, Madava, Kadiri, Salma, Leek, Angela, Hodgkinson, Jack Davies, Totten, Nicola, Montero, Angeles, Smith, Elaine, Fontaine, Eustace, Granato, Felice, Doran, Helen, Novasio, Juliette, Rammohan, Kendadai, Joseph, Leena, Bishop, Paul, Shah, Rajesh, Moss, Stuart, Joshi, Vijay, Crosbie, Philip, Gomes, Fabio, Brown, Kate, Carter, Mathew, Chaturvedi, Anshuman, Priest, Lynsey, Oliveira, Pedro, Krebs, Matthew G, Clipson, Alexandra, Tugwood, Jonathan, Kerr, Alastair, Rothwell, Dominic G, Kilgour, Elaine, Aerts, Hugo JWL, Schwarz, Roland F, Kaufmann, Tom L, Rosenthal, Rachel, Szallasi, Zoltan, Kisistok, Judit, Sokac, Mateo, Diossy, Miklos, Demeulemeester, Jonas, Stewart, Aengus, Magness, Alastair, Karamani, Angeliki, Chain, Benny, Campbell, Brittany B, Castignani, Carla, Bailey, Chris, Puttick, Clare, Weeden, Clare E, Lee, Claudia, Richard, Corentin, Pearce, David R, Karagianni, Despoina, Biswas, Dhruva, Levi, Dina, Hoxha, Elena, Larose Cadieux, Elizabeth, Gronroos, Eva, Galvez-Cancino, Felip, Athanasopoulou, Foteini, Gimeno-Valiente, Francisco, Kassiotis, George, Stavrou, Georgia, Mastrokalos, Gerasimos, Zhai, Haoran, Lowe, Helen L, Matos, Ignacio, Goldman, Jacki, Reading, James L, Black, James RM, Herrero, Javier, Rane, Jayant K, Nicod, Jerome, Lam, Jie Min, Hartley, John A, Enfield, Katey SS, Selvaraju, Kayalvizhi, Thol, Kerstin, Litchfield, Kevin, Ng, Kevin W, Chen, Kezhong, Dijkstra, Krijn, Thakkar, Krupa, Ensell, Leah, Shah, Mansi, Vasquez, Marcos, Litovchenko, Maria, Werner Sunderland, Mariana, Leung, Michelle, Escudero, Mickael, Angelova, Mihaela, Tanic, Miljana, Sivakumar, Monica, Kanu, Nnennaya, Chervova, Olga, Lucas, Olivia, Al-Sawaf, Othman, Hobson, Philip, Pawlik, Piotr, Bentham, Robert, Hynds, Robert E, Vendramin, Roberto, Saghafinia, Sadegh, Lopez, Saioa, Gamble, Samuel, Ung, Seng Kuong Anakin, Vanloo, Sharon, Boeing, Stefan, Beck, Stephan, Bola, Supreet Kaur, Denner, Tamara, Marafioti, Teresa, Mourikis, Thanos P, Spanswick, Victoria, Barbe, Vittorio, Lu, Wei-Ting, Hill, William, Liu, Wing Kin, Wu, Yin, Naito, Yutaka, Ramsden, Zoe, Veiga, Catarina, Royle, Gary, Collins-Fekete, Charles-Antoine, Fraioli, Francesco, Ashford, Paul, Clark, Tristan, Borg, Elaine, Wilson, James, Patrini, Davide, Martinoni Hoogenboom, Emilie, Monk, Fleur, Holding, James W, Choudhary, Junaid, Bhakhri, Kunal, Scarci, Marco, Hayward, Martin, Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos, Gorman, Pat, Khiroya, Reena, Stephens, Robert CM, Wong, Yien Ning Sophia, Bandula, Steve, Sharp, Abigail, Smith, Sean, Gower, Nicole, Dhanda, Harjot Kaur, Chan, Kitty, Pilotti, Camilla, Leslie, Rachel, Grapa, Anca, Zhang, Hanyun, AbdulJabbar, Khalid, Pan, Xiaoxi, Yuan, Yinyin, Chuter, David, MacKenzie, Mairead, Chee, Serena, Alzetani, Aiman, Scarlett, Lydia, Richards, Jennifer, Ingram, Papawadee, Austin, Silvia, Lim, Eric, De Sousa, Paulo, Jordan, Simon, Rice, Alexandra, Raubenheimer, Hilgardt, Bhayani, Harshil, Ambrose, Lyn, Devaraj, Anand, Chavan, Hema, Begum, Sofina, Buderi, Silviu, Kaniu, Daniel, Malima, Mpho, Booth, Sarah, Nicholson, Andrew G, Fernandes, Nadia, Shah, Pratibha, Proli, Chiara, Hewish, Madeleine, Danson, Sarah, Shackcloth, Michael J, Robinson, Lily, Russell, Peter, Dick, Craig, Le Quesne, John, Kirk, Alan, Asif, Mo, Bilancia, Rocco, Kostoulas, Nikos, and Thomas, Mathew

Subjects
Clonal Evolution, Cohort Studies, Evolution, Molecular, Lung Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Disease Progression, Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Clone Cells
Abstract

Metastatic disease is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths1. We report the longitudinal evolutionary analysis of 126 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours from 421 prospectively recruited patients in TRACERx who developed metastatic disease, compared with a control cohort of 144 non-metastatic tumours. In 25% of cases, metastases diverged early, before the last clonal sweep in the primary tumour, and early divergence was enriched for patients who were smokers at the time of initial diagnosis. Simulations suggested that early metastatic divergence more frequently occurred at smaller tumour diameters (less than 8 mm). Single-region primary tumour sampling resulted in 83% of late divergence cases being misclassified as early, highlighting the importance of extensive primary tumour sampling. Polyclonal dissemination, which was associated with extrathoracic disease recurrence, was found in 32% of cases. Primary lymph node disease contributed to metastatic relapse in less than 20% of cases, representing a hallmark of metastatic potential rather than a route to subsequent recurrences/disease progression. Metastasis-seeding subclones exhibited subclonal expansions within primary tumours, probably reflecting positive selection. Our findings highlight the importance of selection in metastatic clone evolution within untreated primary tumours, the distinction between monoclonal versus polyclonal seeding in dictating site of recurrence, the limitations of current radiological screening approaches for early diverging tumours and the need to develop strategies to target metastasis-seeding subclones before relapse. ispartof: NATURE vol:616 issue:7957 ispartof: location:England status: Published online

Published
2023

9. The evolution of lung cancer and impact of subclonal selection in TRACERx

Author

Frankell, Alexander M, Dietzen, Michelle, Al Bakir, Maise, Lim, Emilia L, Karasaki, Takahiro, Ward, Sophia, Veeriah, Selvaraju, Colliver, Emma, Huebner, Ariana, Bunkum, Abigail, Hill, Mark S, Grigoriadis, Kristiana, Moore, David A, Black, James RM, Liu, Wing Kin, Thol, Kerstin, Pich, Oriol, Watkins, Thomas BK, Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Cook, Daniel E, Salgado, Roberto, Wilson, Gareth A, Bailey, Chris, Angelova, Mihaela, Bentham, Robert, Martinez-Ruiz, Carlos, Abbosh, Christopher, Nicholson, Andrew G, Le Quesne, John, Biswas, Dhruva, Rosenthal, Rachel, Puttick, Clare, Hessey, Sonya, Lee, Claudia, Prymas, Paulina, Toncheva, Antonia, Smith, Jon, Xing, Wei, Nicod, Jerome, Price, Gillian, Kerr, Keith M, Naidu, Babu, Middleton, Gary, Blyth, Kevin G, Fennell, Dean A, Forster, Martin D, Lee, Siow Ming, Falzon, Mary, Hewish, Madeleine, Shackcloth, Michael J, Lim, Eric, Benafif, Sarah, Russell, Peter, Boleti, Ekaterini, Krebs, Matthew G, Lester, Jason F, Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis, Ahmad, Tanya, Thakrar, Ricky M, Lawrence, David, Navani, Neal, Janes, Sam M, Dive, Caroline, Blackhall, Fiona H, Summers, Yvonne, Cave, Judith, Marafioti, Teresa, Herrero, Javier, Quezada, Sergio A, Peggs, Karl S, Schwarz, Roland F, Van Loo, Peter, Miedema, Daniel M, Birkbak, Nicolai J, Hiley, Crispin T, Hackshaw, Allan, Zaccaria, Simone, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, McGranahan, Nicholas, Swanton, Charles, Bajaj, Amrita, Nakas, Apostolos, Sodha-Ramdeen, Azmina, Ang, Keng, Tufail, Mohamad, Chowdhry, Mohammed Fiyaz, Scotland, Molly, Boyles, Rebecca, Rathinam, Sridhar, Wilson, Claire, Marrone, Domenic, Dulloo, Sean, Matharu, Gurdeep, Shaw, Jacqui A, Riley, Joa, Primrose, Lindsay, Cheyne, Heather, Khalil, Mohammed, Richardson, Shirley, Cruickshank, Tracey, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Patel, Akshay J, Osman, Aya, Lacson, Christer, Langman, Gerald, Shackleford, Helen, Djearaman, Madava, Kadiri, Salma, Leek, Angela, Hodgkinson, Jack Davies, Totten, Nicola, Montero, Angeles, Smith, Elaine, Fontaine, Eustace, Granato, Felice, Doran, Helen, Novasio, Juliette, Rammohan, Kendadai, Joseph, Leena, Bishop, Paul, Shah, Rajesh, Moss, Stuart, Joshi, Vijay, Crosbie, Philip, Gomes, Fabio, Brown, Kate, Carter, Mathew, Chaturvedi, Anshuman, Priest, Lynsey, Oliveira, Pedro, Lindsay, Colin R, Clipson, Alexandra, Tugwood, Jonathan, Kerr, Alastair, Rothwell, Dominic G, Kilgour, Elaine, Aerts, Hugo JWL, Kaufmann, Tom L, Szallasi, Zoltan, Kisistok, Judit, Sokac, Mateo, Diossy, Miklos, Demeulemeester, Jonas, Stewart, Aengus, Magness, Alastair, Rowan, Andrew, Karamani, Angeliki, Chain, Benny, Campbell, Brittany B, Castignani, Carla, Weeden, Clare E, Richard, Corentin, Pearce, David R, Karagianni, Despoina, Levi, Dina, Hoxha, Elena, Larose Cadieux, Elizabeth, Nye, Emma, Gronroos, Eva, Galvez-Cancino, Felip, Athanasopoulou, Foteini, Gimeno-Valiente, Francisco, Kassiotis, George, Stavrou, Georgia, Mastrokalos, Gerasimos, Zhai, Haoran L, Lowe, Helen L, Matos, Ignacio, Goldman, Jacki, Reading, James L, Rane, Jayant K, Lam, Jie Min, Hartley, John A, Enfield, Katey SS, Selvaraju, Kayalvizhi, Litchfield, Kevin, Ng, Kevin W, Chen, Kezhong, Dijkstra, Krijn, Thakkar, Krupa, Ensell, Leah, Shah, Mansi, Vasquez, Marcos, Litovchenko, Maria, Werner Sunderland, Mariana, Leung, Michelle, Escudero, Mickael, Tanic, Miljana, Sivakumar, Monica, Kanu, Nnennaya, Chervova, Olga, Lucas, Olivia, Al-Sawaf, Othman, Hobson, Philip, Pawlik, Piotr, Stone, Richard Kevin, Hynds, Robert E, Vendramin, Roberto, Saghafinia, Sadegh, Lopez, Saioa, Gamble, Samuel, Ung, Seng Kuong Anakin, Vanloo, Sharon, Boeing, Stefan, Beck, Stephan, Bola, Supreet Kaur, Denner, Tamara, Mourikis, Thanos P, Spanswick, Victoria, Barbe, Vittorio, Lu, Wei-Ting, Hill, William, Wu, Yin, Naito, Yutaka, Ramsden, Zoe, Veiga, Catarina, Royle, Gary, Collins-Fekete, Charles-Antoine, Fraioli, Francesco, Ashford, Paul, Clark, Tristan, Borg, Elaine, Wilson, James, Procter, Alexander James, Ahmed, Asia, Taylor, Magali N, Nair, Arjun, Patrini, Davide, Martinoni Hoogenboom, Emilie, Monk, Fleur, Holding, James W, Choudhary, Junaid, Bhakhri, Kunal, Scarci, Marco, Hayward, Martin, Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos, Gorman, Pat, Khiroya, Reena, Stephens, Robert CM, Wong, Yien Ning Sophia, Bandula, Steve, Sharp, Abigail, Smith, Sean, Gower, Nicole, Dhanda, Harjot Kaur, Chan, Kitty, Pilotti, Camilla, Leslie, Rachel, Grapa, Anca, Zhang, Hanyun, AbdulJabbar, Khalid, Pan, Xiaoxi, Yuan, Yinyin, Chuter, David, MacKenzie, Mairead, Chee, Serena, Alzetani, Aiman, Scarlett, Lydia, Richards, Jennifer, Ingram, Papawadee, Austin, Silvia, De Sousa, Paulo, Jordan, Simon, Rice, Alexandra, Raubenheimer, Hilgardt, Bhayani, Harshil, Ambrose, Lyn, Devaraj, Anand, Chavan, Hema, Begum, Sofina, Buderi, Silviu, Kaniu, Daniel, Malima, Mpho, Booth, Sarah, Fernandes, Nadia, Shah, Pratibha, Proli, Chiara, Danson, Sarah, Robinson, Lily, Dick, Craig, Kirk, Alan, Asif, Mo, Bilancia, Rocco, Kostoulas, Nikos, and Thomas, Mathew

Subjects
Lung Neoplasms, Treatment Outcome, DNA Copy Number Variations, Mutagenesis, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Mutation, Smoking, Humans, Adenocarcinoma of Lung, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Phylogeny
Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide1. Here we analysed 1,644 tumour regions sampled at surgery or during follow-up from the first 421 patients with non-small cell lung cancer prospectively enrolled into the TRACERx study. This project aims to decipher lung cancer evolution and address the primary study endpoint: determining the relationship between intratumour heterogeneity and clinical outcome. In lung adenocarcinoma, mutations in 22 out of 40 common cancer genes were under significant subclonal selection, including classical tumour initiators such as TP53 and KRAS. We defined evolutionary dependencies between drivers, mutational processes and whole genome doubling (WGD) events. Despite patients having a history of smoking, 8% of lung adenocarcinomas lacked evidence of tobacco-induced mutagenesis. These tumours also had similar detection rates for EGFR mutations and for RET, ROS1, ALK and MET oncogenic isoforms compared with tumours in never-smokers, which suggests that they have a similar aetiology and pathogenesis. Large subclonal expansions were associated with positive subclonal selection. Patients with tumours harbouring recent subclonal expansions, on the terminus of a phylogenetic branch, had significantly shorter disease-free survival. Subclonal WGD was detected in 19% of tumours, and 10% of tumours harboured multiple subclonal WGDs in parallel. Subclonal, but not truncal, WGD was associated with shorter disease-free survival. Copy number heterogeneity was associated with extrathoracic relapse within 1 year after surgery. These data demonstrate the importance of clonal expansion, WGD and copy number instability in determining the timing and patterns of relapse in non-small cell lung cancer and provide a comprehensive clinical cancer evolutionary data resource. ispartof: NATURE vol:616 issue:7957 ispartof: location:England status: Published online

Published
2023

10. Evolutionary characterization of lung adenocarcinoma morphology in TRACERx

Author

Karasaki, Takahiro, Moore, David A, Veeriah, Selvaraju, Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Toncheva, Antonia, Magno, Neil, Ward, Sophia, Al Bakir, Maise, Watkins, Thomas BK, Grigoriadis, Kristiana, Huebner, Ariana, Hill, Mark S, Frankell, Alexander M, Abbosh, Christopher, Puttick, Clare, Zhai, Haoran, Gimeno-Valiente, Francisco, Saghafinia, Sadegh, Kanu, Nnennaya, Dietzen, Michelle, Pich, Oriol, Lim, Emilia L, Martinez-Ruiz, Carlos, Black, James RM, Biswas, Dhruva, Campbell, Brittany B, Lee, Claudia, Colliver, Emma, Enfield, Katey SS, Hessey, Sonya, Hiley, Crispin T, Zaccaria, Simone, Litchfield, Kevin, Birkbak, Nicolai J, Cadieux, Elizabeth Larose, Demeulemeester, Jonas, Van Loo, Peter, Adusumilli, Prasad R, Tan, Kay See, Cheema, Waseem, Sanchez-Vega, Francisco, Jones, David R, Rekhtman, Natasha, Travis, William D, Hackshaw, Allan, Marafioti, Teresa, Salgado, Roberto, Le Quesne, John, Nicholson, Andrew G, McGranahan, Nicholas, Swanton, Charles, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, Lester, Jason F, Bajaj, Amrita, Nakas, Apostolos, Sodha-Ramdeen, Azmina, Ang, Keng, Tufail, Mohamad, Chowdhry, Mohammed Fiyaz, Scotland, Molly, Boyles, Rebecca, Rathinam, Sridhar, Wilson, Claire, Marrone, Domenic, Dulloo, Sean, Fennell, Dean A, Matharu, Gurdeep, Shaw, Jacqui A, Riley, Joan, Primrose, Lindsay, Boleti, Ekaterini, Cheyne, Heather, Khalil, Mohammed, Richardson, Shirley, Cruickshank, Tracey, Price, Gillian, Kerr, Keith M, Benafif, Sarah, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Naidu, Babu, Patel, Akshay J, Osman, Aya, Lacson, Christer, Langman, Gerald, Shackleford, Helen, Djearaman, Madava, Kadiri, Salma, Middleton, Gary, Leek, Angela, Hodgkinson, Jack Davies, Totten, Nicola, Montero, Angeles, Smith, Elaine, Fontaine, Eustace, Granato, Felice, Doran, Helen, Novasio, Juliette, Rammohan, Kendadai, Joseph, Leena, Bishop, Paul, Shah, Rajesh, Moss, Stuart, Joshi, Vijay, Crosbie, Philip, Gomes, Fabio, Brown, Kate, Carter, Mathew, Chaturvedi, Anshuman, Priest, Lynsey, Oliveira, Pedro, Lindsay, Colin R, Blackhall, Fiona H, Krebs, Matthew G, Summers, Yvonne, Clipson, Alexandra, Tugwood, Jonathan, Kerr, Alastair, Rothwell, Dominic G, Kilgour, Elaine, Dive, Caroline, Aerts, Hugo JWL, Schwarz, Roland F, Kaufmann, Tom L, Wilson, Gareth A, Rosenthal, Rachel, Szallasi, Zoltan, Kisistok, Judit, Sokac, Mateo, Diossy, Miklos, Bunkum, Abigail, Stewart, Aengus, Magness, Alastair, Rowan, Andrew, Karamani, Angeliki, Chain, Benny, Castignani, Carla, Bailey, Chris, Weeden, Clare E, Richard, Corentin, Pearce, David R, Karagianni, Despoina, Levi, Dina, Hoxha, Elena, Nye, Emma, Gronroos, Eva, Galvez-Cancino, Felip, Athanasopoulou, Foteini, Kassiotis, George, Stavrou, Georgia, Mastrokalos, Gerasimos, Lowe, Helen L, Matos, Ignacio Garcia, Goldman, Jacki, Reading, James L, Herrero, Javier, Rane, Jayant K, Nicod, Jerome, Lam, Jie Min, Hartley, John A, Peggs, Karl S, Selvaraju, Kayalvizhi, Thol, Kerstin, Ng, Kevin W, Chen, Kezhong, Dijkstra, Krijn, Thakkar, Krupa, Ensell, Leah, Shah, Mansi, Duran, Marcos Vasquez, Litovchenko, Maria, Sunderland, Mariana Werner, Leung, Michelle, Escudero, Mickael, Angelova, Mihaela, Tanic, Miljana, Sivakumar, Monica, Chervova, Olga, Lucas, Olivia, Al-Sawaf, Othman, Prymas, Paulina, Hobson, Philip, Pawlik, Piotr, Stone, Richard Kevin, Bentham, Robert, Hynds, Robert E, Vendramin, Roberto, Lopez, Saioa, Gamble, Samuel, Ung, Seng Kuong Anakin, Quezada, Sergio A, Vanloo, Sharon, Boeing, Stefan, Beck, Stephan, Bola, Supreet Kaur, Denner, Tamara, Mourikis, Thanos P, Spanswick, Victoria, Barbe, Vittorio, Lu, Wei-Ting, Hill, William, Liu, Wing Kin, Wu, Yin, Naito, Yutaka, Ramsden, Zoe, Veiga, Catarina, Royle, Gary, Collins-Fekete, Charles-Antoine, Fraioli, Francesco, Ashford, Paul, Clark, Tristan, Forster, Martin D, Lee, Siow Ming, Borg, Elaine, Falzon, Mary, Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis, Wilson, James, Ahmad, Tanya, Procter, Alexander James, Ahmed, Asia, Taylor, Magali N, Nair, Arjun, Lawrence, David, Patrini, Davide, Navani, Neal, Thakrar, Ricky M, Janes, Sam M, Hoogenboom, Emilie Martinoni, Monk, Fleur, Holding, James W, Choudhary, Junaid, Bhakhri, Kunal, Scarci, Marco, Hayward, Martin, Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos, Gorman, Pat, Khiroya, Reena, Stephens, Robert CM, Wong, Yien Ning Sophia, Bandula, Steve, Sharp, Abigail, Smith, Sean, Gower, Nicole, Dhanda, Harjot Kaur, Chan, Kitty, Pilotti, Camilla, Leslie, Rachel, Grapa, Anca, Zhang, Hanyun, AbdulJabbar, Khalid, Pan, Xiaoxi, Yuan, Yinyin, Chuter, David, MacKenzie, Mairead, Chee, Serena, Alzetani, Aiman, Cave, Judith, Scarlett, Lydia, Richards, Jennifer, Ingram, Papawadee, Austin, Silvia, Lim, Eric, De Sousa, Paulo, Jordan, Simon, Rice, Alexandra, Raubenheimer, Hilgardt, Bhayani, Harshil, Ambrose, Lyn, Devaraj, Anand, Chavan, Hema, Begum, Sofina, Buderi, Silviu, Kaniu, Daniel, Malima, Mpho, Booth, Sarah, Fernandes, Nadia, Shah, Pratibha, Proli, Chiara, Hewish, Madeleine, Danson, Sarah, Shackcloth, Michael J, Robinson, Lily, Russell, Peter, Blyth, Kevin G, Dick, Craig, Kirk, Alan, Asif, Mo, Bilancia, Rocco, Kostoulas, Nikos, and Thomas, Mathew

Subjects
TRACERx Consortium
Abstract

Lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) display a broad histological spectrum from low-grade lepidic tumors through to mid-grade acinar and papillary and high-grade solid, cribriform and micropapillary tumors. How morphology reflects tumor evolution and disease progression is poorly understood. Whole-exome sequencing data generated from 805 primary tumor regions and 121 paired metastatic samples across 248 LUADs from the TRACERx 421 cohort, together with RNA-sequencing data from 463 primary tumor regions, were integrated with detailed whole-tumor and regional histopathological analysis. Tumors with predominantly high-grade patterns showed increased chromosomal complexity, with higher burden of loss of heterozygosity and subclonal somatic copy number alterations. Individual regions in predominantly high-grade pattern tumors exhibited higher proliferation and lower clonal diversity, potentially reflecting large recent subclonal expansions. Co-occurrence of truncal loss of chromosomes 3p and 3q was enriched in predominantly low-/mid-grade tumors, while purely undifferentiated solid-pattern tumors had a higher frequency of truncal arm or focal 3q gains and SMARCA4 gene alterations compared with mixed-pattern tumors with a solid component, suggesting distinct evolutionary trajectories. Clonal evolution analysis revealed that tumors tend to evolve toward higher-grade patterns. The presence of micropapillary pattern and 'tumor spread through air spaces' were associated with intrathoracic recurrence, in contrast to the presence of solid/cribriform patterns, necrosis and preoperative circulating tumor DNA detection, which were associated with extra-thoracic recurrence. These data provide insights into the relationship between LUAD morphology, the underlying evolutionary genomic landscape, and clinical and anatomical relapse risk. ispartof: NATURE MEDICINE vol:29 issue:4 ispartof: location:United States status: Published online

Published
2023

11. Abstract 1394: Pervasive allele specific transcriptional repression of the class I and II HLA genes in TRACERx non-small cell lung cancer

Author

Puttick, Clare, primary, Pich, Oriol, additional, Leung, Michelle, additional, Martinez-Ruiz, Carlos, additional, Bentham, Robert, additional, Rosenthal, Rachel, additional, Hessey, Sonya, additional, Black, James R., additional, Lim, Emilia L., additional, Enfield, Katey, additional, Colliver, Emma, additional, Dijkstra, Krijn, additional, Hiley, Crispin T., additional, Karasaki, Takahiro, additional, Huebner, Ariana, additional, Bakir, Maise Al, additional, Watkins, Thomas B., additional, Frankell, Alexander M., additional, Zaccaria, Simone, additional, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, additional, McGranahan, Nicholas, additional, and Swanton, Charles, additional

Published
2022
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14. How can BIM support Construction Safety Management? Development of SIM

Author

Chan Isabelle Y S, Leung H Y, Fung Ivan W H, and Leung Michelle

Subjects
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

BIM is continuously changing the way construction can be approached, from design, scheduling, costing to facilities management. However, even though construction safety is a worldwide issue, and though previous, yet limited, studies have proven its great potential, BIM has not been extended to include automated construction safety management functions, i.e., hazard identification, assessment and control for construction works. In fact, as many as 71% of safety incidents can be prevented by safety considerations at design stage. Automation via BIM is the key to enhance effectiveness and efficiency of safety management, but development of Safety Information Modelling (SIM) is the key pre-requisite. This paper aims to outline a research project for developing both information and technical requirements for SIM via questionnaire survey, focus group, and real case studies. The project results, to be validated by real projects, will act as solid platform for developing:- i) Practical guidance to construction and safety professionals on the types of safety management a SIM can conduct, and the ways of utilizing the safety information in a SIM model [based on the systematic SIM information requirements (e.g., object identification, geometry attributes, safety rules)]; and ii) Overall guidance to software developers to develop appropriate SIM tools for different scenarios [based on the systematic SIM technical requirements (e.g., model information exchange, visualization, conflict analysis process for risk assessment, reliability)].

Published
2016
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18. Stanford Doggo: Students develop open-source agile quadruped robot

Author

Leung, Michelle

Subjects
Robots, Robotics, Robotics industry, Robot, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Michelle Leung Members of Stanford Student Robotics' Extreme Mobility team have developed a four-legged robot that can walk, jump and even do a backflip. On May 21, Aaron Schultz [...]

Published
2019

19. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar weighs in on intersection of sports, race, religion, politics

Author

Leung, Michelle

Subjects
American Muslims, Religion, Corporate sponsorship, Books, Religion and politics, Muslims, Activists, Islam, Journalists, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Michelle Leung by Michelle Leung -- May 2, 2019May 1, 2019No Comments Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, the NBA's all-time leading scorer, spoke at Stanford's Memorial Auditorium on Wednesday on the intersection [...]

Published
2019

20. UAR seeks to add more advisers to address students' academic needs

Author

Leung, Michelle

Subjects
College students -- Planning, Education, Students, Company business planning, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Michelle Leung by Michelle Leung -- April 18, 2019April 18, 2019No Comments Over the last several years, the Undergraduate Advising and Research office has been involved in a long-range [...]

Published
2019

21. Meredith Monk's 'Cellular Songs' combines biological fascination with musical performance

Author

Leung, Michelle

Subjects
Concerts, Performing arts, Artists, Musical performance, Composers, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Michelle Leung by Michelle Leung -- April 4, 2019April 4, 2019No Comments Artist and composer Meredith Monk and members of the Vocal Ensemble will perform Monk's new work 'Cellular [...]

Published
2019

22. CHINA 70N examines human-animal relationships through cross-cultural exploration

Author

Leung, Michelle

Subjects
Human-animal relationships -- Analysis, Comparative literature, Seminars, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Michelle Leung by Michelle Leung -- April 1, 2019March 31, 2019No Comments Designed as a cross-cultural comparative course, CHINA 70N: 'Animal Planet and the Romance of the Species,' was [...]

Published
2019

23. Former New Taipei City mayor discusses Taiwan's economic future

Author

Leung, Michelle

Subjects
Presidential elections, Mayors -- Planning, Company business planning, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Michelle Leung Eric Chu, who plans to run for president of Taiwan in the 2020 general election, emphasized the importance of giving more power to Taiwan's future economy at [...]

Published
2019

24. Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence initiative talks AI, humanities and the arts

Author

Leung, Michelle

Subjects
Artificial intelligence, Science history, Workshops (Educational programs), Artificial intelligence, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Michelle LeungAt the full-day collaborative workshop 'AI, Humanities & the Arts,' speakers hosted by the Stanford Humanities Center stressed artificial intelligence's potential to supplement human capabilities rather than replace [...]

Published
2019

25. Unique to Stanford: Digital humanities bridges technology and humanities

Author

Leung, Michelle

Subjects
Human rights, College students, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Michelle LeungThis article is the third and final installment in a series examining unique concentrations at Stanford. The first article in the series highlights the Symbolic Systems program, while [...]

Published
2019

27. Unique to Stanford: Global Studies and Human Rights minors

Author

Leung, Michelle

Subjects
News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Michelle LeungThis article is the second in a series examining unique concentrations at Stanford.Over the past four years, the Stanford Global Studies Division of the School of Humanities and [...]

Published
2019

28. Hoover hosts roundtable discussion on US-Taiwan-China relations

Author

Leung, Michelle

Subjects
News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness, Taiwan Relations Act of 1979
Abstract

Byline: Michelle LeungOn Tuesday, Hoover Institution scholars addressed China's recent tightening of policy surrounding Taiwan and considered what the United States' role should be in maintaining the three-way political balance.The [...]

Published
2019

31. Stanford Vision and Learning Lab develops social robot to roam campuseval(ez_write_tag([[728,90],'stanforddaily_com-box-3','ezslot_0']));

Author

Leung, Michelle

Subjects
Social norms, Computer vision, Research scientists, Robots, Computer science, Robot, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Michelle Leung Researchers in the Stanford Vision and Learning Lab are teaching a robot called JackRabbot 2 to understand social rules that humans use to interact with each other, [...]

Published
2018

35. Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) for Road Condition Reporting

Author

McCullouch, Bob G., Leung, Michelle, and Kang, Wonjin

Subjects
Winter operations, snow plow, MDSS, snow and ice, AVL, SPR-2922, Civil Engineering, maintenance
Abstract

This project developed an AVL system for INDOT that utilized the statewide wireless network, SAFE-T. This option was chosen after doing a cost analysis of commercial AVL systems that use cellular data communications. The system developed provides real time information collected during snow and ice removal. Information includes weather and road conditions, truck speed, amount of chemicals spread, time, location, plow position, and road temperature. This information is displayed on INDOT GIS maps available through a browser on the INDOT network. The data is also transferred to the MDSS that INDOT uses in winter activities. This system experienced significant data transfer problems and consequently was eliminated as a viable AVL alternative. Therefore other commercial AVL systems were evaluated in this study. Other activities included investigating other hardware options for data collection and data transfer. Also, a hotspot method for data transfer was tested to do batch data transfer. A summer AVL application for paint stripping was developed. Two other commercial systems were evaluated, IWAPI and ThomTech. The IWAPI system was evaluated over three winter seasons and Thomtech for the 08-09 season. Both systems experienced data transfer problems which seems to be the biggest issue with AVL systems. Overall most users were satisfied with how the systems operated and with the information being collected and reported. The project exposed issues that exist with all types of AVL systems. There are plusses and minuses, and costs and benefits. These are described in the report. One outcome is that AVL systems are not a panacea, they offer better information and benefits, but are they economically justifiable? An internal INDOT study was performed during the 08-09 season that shows a savings of $10,000,000 in salt costs that can be attributed to some degree the use of AVL and MDSS.

Published
2011

40. Less Is More: How I learned to be a Design Ascetic and you can too.

Author

LEUNG, MICHELLE

Subjects
PUBLISHING, READABILITY (Literary style), COLOR
Abstract

The article discusses the concept of design asceticism, emphasizing the value of minimalism in design. By removing non-essential elements and focusing on the core message, designers can create clearer, more refined, and powerful designs. The article provides five techniques for achieving a lean and impactful design, including prioritizing essential information, utilizing negative space, and avoiding overreliance on trends. The goal is to create a clean, elegant, and timeless design.

Published
2023

41. The quality-constrained scheduling problem in plastics compounding.

Author

Younes, Abdunnaser, Elkamel, Ali, Leung, Michelle, Tzoganakis, Costas, and Lohi, Ali

Subjects
PRODUCTION scheduling, PRODUCT quality, MATHEMATICAL programming, LINEAR programming, MIXED integer linear programming, GUMS & resins
Abstract

Interest is increasing in plastic compounding plants that offer tailor-made resins. Such plants produce a wide range of products in small quantities and with frequent changeovers. The underlying scheduling problem has been extensively researched; however, the concept of incorporating qualities of the finished product in the problem of plastics compounding has not been considered. We express product qualities as an additional problem constraint so that the production schedule ensures product quality. The additional constraint makes this mixed integer nonlinear program (MINLP) problem more difficult to solve. Several case studies are solved to illustrate the utility of the proposed approach. Experiments demonstrated that qualities of the finished product can be ensured a priori if the appropriate relations are developed and integrated in the optimisation model. As well, this paper provides insight into the economic aspects of the scheduling problem under consideration. Experiments showed that none of the cost components (operation, raw material, inventory, penalty or utilities) can alone play the role of the optimisation criterion. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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