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12. Prevalence of algorithm-based qualitative (ABQ) method osteoporotic vertebral fracture in elderly Chinese men and women with reference to semi-quantitative (SQ) method: Mr. Os and Ms Os. (Hong Kong) studies

Author

Zeng, Xian Jun, Deng, Min, Wang, Yi Xiang, Griffith, James F., He, Lai Chang, Kwok, Anthony W. L., Leung, Jason C. S., Kwok, Timothy, and Leung, Ping Chung

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Tissues and Organs
Abstract

Introduction: This study evaluated algorithm-based qualitative (ABQ) method for vertebral fracture (VF) evaluation with reference to semi-quantitative (SQ) method and bone mineral density (BMD) measurement. Methods: Mr. OS (Hong Kong) and Ms. OS (Hong Kong) represent the first large-scale cohort studies on bone health in elderly Chinese men and women. The current study compared Genant's SQ method and ABQ method in these two cohorts. Based on quantitative measurement, the severity of ABQ method detected fractures was additionally classified into grade-1, grad-2, and grade-3 according to SQ's deformity criteria. The radiographs of 1,954 elderly Chinese men (mean: 72.3 years) and 1,953 elderly Chinese women (mean: 72.5 years) were evaluated. Results: according to ABQ, grade-1,-2,-3 VFs accounted for 1.89%, 1.74%, 2.25% in men, and 3.33%, 3.07%, and 5.53% in women. In men and women, 15.7% (35/223) and 34.5% (48/139) of vertebrae with SQ grade-1 deformity were ABQ(+, with fracture) respectively. In men and women, 89.7% (35/39) and 66.7% (48/72) of vertebrae with ABQ grade-1 fracture had SQ grade-1 deformity. For grade-1 change, SQ (-, negative without fracture) & ABQ (+, positive with vertebral cortex line fracture) subjects tend to have a lower BMD than the SQ(+)& ABQ(-) subjects. In subjects with SQ grade-2 deformity, those were also ABQ(+) tended to have a lower BMD than those were ABQ(-). In all grades, SQ(-)&ABQ(-) subjects tended to have highest BMD, while SQ(+)&ABQ(+)subjects tended to have lowest BMD. Conclusion: ABQ method may be more sensitive to VF associated mild lower BMD than SQ method., Comment: 26 pages,4 figures, 6 tables

Published
2016

14. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture as a treatment for low back and pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy

Author

Zhang, Aolin, primary, Xie, Hongliang, additional, Mou, Xuan, additional, Tang, Ling Ying, additional, Lee, Wing Fong, additional, Zhang, Lang, additional, Wang, Caihong, additional, Peng, Xueyi, additional, Zheng, Jinghui, additional, Chen, Siming, additional, Wang, Chi Chiu, additional, Leung, Ping Chung, additional, Fan, Xiaohui, additional, and Li, Lu, additional

Published
2022
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15. Artemisinin and Its Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents.

Author

Wen, Luan, Chan, Ben Chung-Lap, Qiu, Ming-Hua, Leung, Ping-Chung, and Wong, Chun-Kwok

Subjects
ARTEMISININ derivatives, ARTEMISIA annua, ANTINEOPLASTIC agents, HERBAL medicine, ARTEMISININ
Abstract

Artemisinin is a natural sesquiterpene lactone obtained from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Artemisia annua L. (qinghao). Artemisinin and its derivatives share an unusual endoperoxide bridge and are extensively used for malaria treatment worldwide. In addition to antimalarial activities, artemisinin and its derivatives have been reported to exhibit promising anticancer effects in recent decades. In this review, we focused on the research progress of artemisinin and its derivatives with potential anticancer activities. The pharmacological effects, potential mechanisms, and clinical trials in cancer therapy of artemisinin and its derivatives were discussed. This review may facilitate the future exploration of artemisinin and its derivatives as effective anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Integrating 16S rRNA Sequencing, Microflora Metabolism, and Network Pharmacology to Investigate the Mechanism of SBL in Alleviating HDM-Induced Allergic Rhinitis.

Author

Li, Peiting, Hon, Sharon Sze-Man, Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man, Kan, Lea Ling-Yu, Lai, Andrea Yin-Tung, Chan, Ben Chung-Lap, Leung, Ping-Chung, and Wong, Chun-Kwok

Subjects
ALLERGIC rhinitis, NITRIC-oxide synthases, ALLERGIES, HERBAL medicine, TIGHT junctions
Abstract

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a series of allergic reactions to allergens in the nasal mucosa and is one of the most common allergic diseases that affect both children and adults. Shi-Bi-Lin (SBL) is the modified formula of Cang Er Zi San (CEZS), a traditional Chinese herbal formula used for treating AR. Our study aims to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of SBL in house dust mite-induced AR by regulating gut microflora metabolism. In vivo studies showed that nasal allergies and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the nasal epithelium were significantly suppressed by SBL. Moreover, SBL restored the impaired nasal epithelial barrier function with an increased tight junction protein expression and reduced the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Interestingly, SBL significantly reconstituted the abundance and composition of gut microbiota in AR mice; it increased the relative abundance of potentially beneficial genera and decreased the relative abundance of harmful genera. SBL also restored immune-related metabolisms, which were significantly increased and correlated with suppressing inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, a network analysis and molecular docking indicated IL-6 was a possible target drug candidate for the SBL treatment. SBL dramatically reduced the IL-6 level in the nasal lavage fluid (NALF), suppressing the IL-6 downstream Erk1/2 and AKT/PI3K signaling pathways. In conclusion, our study integrates 16S rRNA sequencing, microflora metabolism, and network pharmacology to explain the immune mechanism of SBL in alleviating HDM-induced allergic rhinitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Cycasin derivative: a potential embryotoxic component of Atractylodes macrocephala rhizome for limb malformation

Author

Xie, Hongliang, primary, Zhang, Aolin, additional, Li, Junwei, additional, Mou, Xuan, additional, He, Tao, additional, Yeung, Tsz Ching, additional, Lau, Clara Bik San, additional, Zuo, Zhong, additional, Li, Ping, additional, Kennelly, Edward J, additional, Leung, Ping Chung, additional, Tang, Yu, additional, Fan, Xiaohui, additional, Wang, Chi Chiu, additional, and Li, Lu, additional

Published
2024
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21. Odanacatib for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: results of the LOFT multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and LOFT Extension study

Author

Mautalén, Carlos Alfredo, Man, Zulema, Zanchetta, Jose Ruben, Magaril, Clelia Haydee, Sambrook, Philip, Reginster, Jean-Yves, Geusens, Piet, Goemaere, Stefan, Albergaria, Ben Hur, Zerbini, Cristiano Augusto de Freitas, Castro, Marise Lazaretti, Gregorio, Luiz Henrique, Stoilov, Rumen, Borissova, Anna-Maria I, Hristozov, Kiril Hristov, Temelkova, Nataliya L, Daskalova, Ivona Kirilova, Kuzmanova, Stefka Ivanova, Yaneva-Bichovska, Daniela, Batalov, Anastas Zgurov, Riedemann, Pablo, Rodriguez Portales, José Adolfo, Tang, Hai, Zhu, hanmin, Zhang, Zhenlin, Chao, Aijun, Hu, Yali, Liu, Zhiming, Lu, Juming, Qiu, Mingcai, Gao, Xin, Zhang, Shaofen, Xu, Ling, Xia, Weibo, Liao, Eryuan, Yang, Wenying, Wu, Wen, Dai, Kerong, Hu, Renming, Jaller, Juan Jose, Cabal, Francisco, Molina, José Fernando, Cure Cure, Carlos A, Yupanqui-Lozno, Hernan, Chalem, Philippe, Londono, John, Abello, Mauricio, Tobias, Edgardo D, Otero, William, Nikolic, Tatjana, Miskic, Blazenka, Stepan, Jan, Vyskocil, Vaclav, Novosad, Libor, Slesinger, Jan, Novosad, Pavel, Vlckova, Erika, Bortlik, Ladislav, Dokoupilova, Eva, Hala, Tomas, Jensen, Jens-Erik Beck, Brixen, Kim Torsten, Langdahl, Bente Lomholt, Schwarz, Peter, Eskildsen, Peter Claes, Eiken, Pia Agnete, Hermann, Anne Pernille, Gram, Jeppe, Schou, Maiken Brix, Alexandersen, Peter, Nedergaard, Bettina, Mejía, Dolores Magdalena, Estrella De Henriquez, Lourdes, Páez, Norka, Velazco, Casimiro, Valter, Ivo, Vahula, Kadri-Liina, Kull, Ingrid, Maasalu, Katre, Chapurlat, Roland, Fardellone, Patrice, Benhamou, Claude Laurent, Roux, Christian, Weryha, Georges, Herkt, Volkmar, Martz, Rene, Nischik, Ruth, Spieler, Wolfgang, Contzen, Christel, Felsenberg, Dieter, Frieling, Isolde, Frahm, Eike, Briones, Henry, Sandoval, Boris, Barrios, Patricia, García, Abraham, Avendaño, Carlos, González, Magdalena, Guerra, Jeremías, Tuna, Maria, Díaz, Olga Marina, Samayoa, Eduardo, López, Edgar, Barrera, José Raúl, Palencia, Mainor, Cifuentes, Mayra, Alvarado, Georgina, López, Miriam, Chavez, Nilmo, Haase, Franklin, Rivera, Ruddy, González, Claudio, Tan, Kathryn, Leung, Ping Chung, Mandalam, Sheshadri, Pitale, Shailesh Umakant, Bantwal, Ganapathi, Ammini, Ariachery Chinamma, Shaikh, Shehla Sajid Akhta, Kanakatte Mylariah, Prasanna Kumar, Dharmalingam, Mala, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Jain, Arpit, Singh, Parminder, Shetty, Naresh, Sathyanarayana, Srikanta Shamanna, Shah, Nalini, Chadha, Manoj Dharam, Bhandankar, Rajendra, Velayutham, Kumaravel, Marwah, Sudha, John, Mathew, Sahay, Rakesh Kumar, Adami, Silvano, Nuti, Ranuccio, Bianchi, Gerolamo, Brandi, Maria Luisa, Minisola, Salvatore, Fiore, Carmelo Erio, Rubinacci, Alessandro, Miyajima, Hisayuki, Yamane, Hiroo, Nakatani, Yuji, Okamoto, Sumiaki, Kuroda, Koji, Fujimori, Motoaki, Itabashi, Akira, Katayama, Kuniaki, Nakajo, Satoru, Somekawa, Yoshiaki, Ohsawa, Yoshimitsu, Tajima, Wataru, Mizuno, Katsunori, Mori, Shigeru, Kanabuchi, Takato, Hashizume, Hiroyuki, Oka, Nobuyuki, Hamada, Kazutoshi, Yamaguchi, Motoi, Hirahara, Fumiki, Atobe, Masaaki, Ohtake, Yoshiharu, Ichikawa, Shuichi, Onishi, Tomoyuki, Matsumoto, Kou, Nakamura, Tetsuro, Shirasawa, Eishi, Katayama, Ko, Takahashi, Mitsugu, Oguma, Tadanori, Matsui, Hideo, Katoh, Yoshiharu, Shigenobu, Keiichi, Onishi, Tsutomu, Shibukawa, Masato, Ikeda, Satoshi, Osaka, Kazuhiro, Kanda, Ryosuke, Inobe, Yoshito, Shigenobu, Masaharu, Hasegawa, Morimasa, Yamaji, Tetsuo, Miyazaki, Yu, Ito, Takayasu, Nakamura, Eisuke, Nagai, Shinji, Lim, Sung-Kil, Chung, Yoon-Sok, Shin, Chan-Soo, Min, Yong-Ki, Kim, Ghi Su, Yoon, Hyun Koo, Kang, Moo-Il, Yang, Kyu-Hyun, Park, Hyoung Moo, Kim, In Joo, Chung, Dong Jin, Chung, Ho Yeon, Jaundzeikare, Sandra, Andersone, Dace, Medne, Agita, Yaghi, Yasser, Alekna, Vidmantas, Kasiulevicius, Vytautas, Purtokaite - Labutiniene, Irina, Krasauskiene, Aurelija, Varanaviciene, Jurate, Basijokiene, Vida, Abraitiene, Agne, Radzeviciene, Lina, Walliser, Jesus, García Hernández, Pedro Alberto, Araujo, Maria Frida, Avila Armengol, Hilario Ernesto, De la Peña, Pilar, Tamayo, Juan, Zazueta, Beatriz, Cons, Fidencio, Gilchrist, Nigel Leslie, Reid, Ian Reginald, Leikis, Robert, Jones, Peter, Singh, Joe Gragrath Pradeep, Halse, Johan Inge, Syversen, Unni, Høivik, Hans Olav, Øfjord, Erik Snorre, Gulseth, Hans Christian, Elle, Sigbjørn, Norheim, Paal Dag, Calvo Quiroz, Armando A., Cesar Augusto, Pastor A., León Portocarrero, Manuel Gustavo, Vidal Neira, Luis Fernando, Chavez, Jose, Garro Barrera, Boris, Kuroiwa Sampei, Rita, Luis Fernando, Bellatín V., Oquelis Cabredo, Rogger, Castillo, Sonia, Morales, Agustin Miguel G, Tan, Perry Pua, Leagogo, Liberato Antonio C, Jr., Wang, Edward HM, Li-Yu, Julie T, Sawicki, Andrzej Z, Stasiuk, Barbara, Kania, Grzegorz, Lorenc, Roman, Sidorowicz-Bialynicka, Anna, Szczepanski, Leszek, Franek, Edward, Filip, Rafal, Sekula, Jan, Blicharski, Tomasz, Leszczynski, Piotr, Sewerynek, Ewa, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Milewicz, Andrzej, Dabrowska, Magda, Romaszko, Jerzy, Pluskiewicz, Wojciech, Wojnowski, Lukasz, Codreanu, Catalin, Bolosiu, Horatiu, Ionescu, Ruxandra, Zosin, Ioana, Macovei, Liviu, Bojinca, Mihai, Radulescu, Florin, Pop, Simona, Sarbu, Adrian, Benevolenskaya, Lidia I, Nasonov, Evgeny L, Rozhinskaya, Lyudmila Ya, Oganov, Raphael G, Rodionova, Svetlana S, Shlyakhto, Eugeny Vladimirovich, Trofimov, Vasiliy, Zotkin, Eugeny G, Zazerskaya, Irina E, Grineva, Elena N, Ershova, Olga, Lesnyak, Olga, Ostroumova, Olga D, Malichenko, Svetlana B, Pikhlak, Eduard G, Pilyaev, Valery G, Raskina, Tatiana, Zonova, Elena V, Shirinsky, Valery S, Dimic, Aleksandar N, Cobeljic, Goran, Vujovic, Svetlana, Ellis, Graham Charlston, Lipschitz, Stanley, De Villiers, Tobias Johannes, De Weerd, Albert Jan, Vally, Tasneem, Trinder, Yvonne, Coetsee, Jacobus Ludewikus, Davis, Charles Pierre, Nayiager, Savithree, Hough, Frans Stephanus, Oelofse, Louis F, van der Walt, Eugene, Lombaard, Johannes Jurgens, Blignaut, Suzanne, Govind, Uttam, Fouche, Leon Frederik, Kruger, Dawid Stephanus, Dalmeyer, Johannes Paul, Ferreira, Mada M, Escudero-Contreras, Alejandro, Muñoz Torres, Manuel, Hawkins Carranza, Federico, Perez Castrillon, Jose Luis, García Meijide, Juan Antonio, Jodar Gimeno, Esteban, Palacios Gil-Antuñana, Santiago, de Teresa Parreno, Luis, Martín Mola, Emilio, Alvarez Sanchez, Carmen, Lippuner, Kurt, Tsai, Keh-Sung, Tu, Shih-Te, Chen, Jung-Fu, Lee, Oscar Kuang-Sheng, Hsu, Wen-Wei, Grygorieva, Natalia Viktorivna, Povoroznyuk, Vladyslav Volodymyrovych, Korzh, Mykola Oleksiiovych, Loskutov, Oleksandr Levgeniiovych, Chukov, Andriy Borysovych, Sarmiento, Rex, Thomas, Hawys, Donnachie, Hugh, Pavel-Knox, Irina, Shaw, Hilary, Hassanin, Hana, Abdulhakim, Essam Eldin Ahmed, Savani, Naren, Bachmann, Gloria A, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Binkley, Neil C, Bone, Henry G, Brandon, Donald M, Checketts, Darin David, Fraser, Neil J, Watts, Nelson B, Geller, Steven A, Gimbel, Joseph S, Greenwald, Maria White, Holt, Peter A, Johnston, Cyrus Conrad, Fang, Chien, Kiel, Douglas P, Klashman, David J, Lewiecki, E. Michael, Lowenstein, Mitchell B, McClung, Michael Roy, Nattrass, Susan M, Odio, Alberto, Levengood, Julie, Romaguera, Josefina, Saag, Kenneth G, Sebai, Mohamed Bassam, Snyder, Brian, Kutner, Mark Eliot, Streja, Dan, Schwartz, Elliott P, Christiansen, Mark G, McClung, Michael R, O'Donoghue, Michelle L, Papapoulos, Socrates E, Bone, Henry, Langdahl, Bente, Reid, Ian R, Cavallari, Ilaria, Bonaca, Marc P, Wiviott, Stephen D, de Villiers, Tobias, Ling, Xu, Nakamura, Toshitaka, Rodriguez-Portales, Jose Adolfo, Zanchetta, José, Zerbini, Cristiano A F, Park, Jeong-Gun, Im, KyungAh, Cange, Abby, Grip, Laura T, Heyden, Norman, DaSilva, Carolyn, Cohn, Dosinda, Massaad, Rachid, Scott, Boyd B, Verbruggen, Nadia, Gurner, Deborah, Miller, Deborah L, Blair, Micki L, Polis, Adam B, Stoch, S Aubrey, Santora, Arthur, Lombardi, Antonio, Leung, Albert T, Kaufman, Keith D, and Sabatine, Marc S

Published
2019
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23. A model rural rehabilitation service station in China– Evaluation after 5 years

Author

Qin HL, Ma JG, Chen SW, Li CP, and Leung Ping-Chung

Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

A simple setup for rehabilitation training was established in 2007 in a rural area of Shanxi Province, China. It made use of an underused facility created for elderly people’s leisure time. Simple equipment for rehabilitation training was provided free for the users, and instructions were given by rehab experts, Traditional medical doctors, and social workers. This rural Service Station must be the first of its kind in rural China and deserves scrutinizes for its unique nature. After 5 years of service, a service evaluation of its service nature, service providers, users, and special orientations was completed. It is hoped that this Service Station could be taken as a model of similar rural development in China.

Published
2023
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25. Adjuvant activities of immunostimulating natural products: Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. and Coriolus versicolor in BNT162b2 vaccination against COVID-19 infection

Author

Chan, Ben Chung-Lap, primary, Li, Peiting, additional, Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man, additional, Sung, Johnny Chun-Chau, additional, Kwong, Keith Wai-Yeung, additional, Zheng, Tao, additional, Hon, Sharon Sze-Man, additional, Lau, Ching-Po, additional, Ho, Ronald Chi-Yan, additional, Chen, Fang, additional, Lau, Clara Bik-San, additional, Leung, Ping-Chung, additional, and Wong, Chun-Kwok, additional

Published
2023
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27. Immunoregulatory and Anti-cancer Activities of Combination Treatment of Novel Four-Herb Formula and Doxorubicin in 4T1-Breast Cancer Bearing Mice

Author

Kan, Lea Ling-Yu, primary, Chan, Ben Chung-Lap, additional, Yue, Grace Gar-Lee, additional, Li, Peiting, additional, Hon, Sharon Sze-Man, additional, Huang, Danqi, additional, Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man, additional, Lau, Clara Bik-San, additional, Leung, Ping-Chung, additional, and Wong, Chun-Kwok, additional

Published
2023
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31. Hand and Wrist Injuries

Author

Leung, Ping-Chung, Leung, Kwong-Sui, Hung, Leung-Kim, Wolfson, Nikolaj, editor, Lerner, Alexander, editor, and Roshal, Leonid, editor

Published
2016
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33. Adjuvant activities of immunostimulating natural products: Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. and Coriolus versicolor in BNT162b2 vaccination against COVID-19 infection.

Author

Chan, Ben Chung-Lap, Li, Peiting, Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man, Sung, Johnny Chun-Chau, Kwong, Keith Wai-Yeung, Zheng, Tao, Hon, Sharon Sze-Man, Lau, Ching-Po, Ho, Ronald Chi-Yan, Chen, Fang, Lau, Clara Bik-San, Leung, Ping-Chung, and Wong, Chun-Kwok

Subjects
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, TRAMETES versicolor, ASTRAGALUS membranaceus, COVID-19 vaccines
Abstract

The global pandemic of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been developing all over the world for more than 3 years. In late 2020, several variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged, with increased viral fitness and transmissibility by mutations of the spike proteins of the viral particle, denting hopes of the use of early-generation vaccines for a widespread protective immunity against viral infection. The use of adjuvants may enhance the immune responses of the conventional application of the COVID-19 vaccine. We have shown that the water extract of 2 β-glucan–enriched immunostimulating natural products, Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM) and Coriolus versicolor (CV), could induce innate immunity-related cytokines from human monocytes (CCL5, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α) and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor α). Using BALB/c mice, orally administrated AM and CV (1,384 and 742 mg/kg/d) for 4 d after vaccination, respectively, could enhance (1) the immunoglobulin G binding activities of BNT162b2 vaccination against ancestral and Delta SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins by 5.8- and 4.3-fold, respectively; (2) the immunoglobulin G3 subclass production of BNT162b2 vaccination against ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins; and (3) the in vitro antibody-neutralizing activities of BNT162b2 vaccinated mice. In conclusion, combining AM and CV was effective in acting as an oral adjuvant with the messenger RNA vaccine BNT162b2 to improve the antigen binding activities against SARS-CoV-2 ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, probably via trained immunity of macrophages and dendritic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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38. Creating a Vaccine-like Supplement against Respiratory Infection Using Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Spores Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with Natural Products

Author

Chan, Ben Chung-Lap, primary, Li, Peiting, additional, Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man, additional, Sung, Johnny Chun-Chau, additional, Kwong, Keith Wai-Yeung, additional, Zheng, Tao, additional, Hon, Sharon Sze-Man, additional, Lau, Ching-Po, additional, Cheng, Wen, additional, Chen, Fang, additional, Lau, Clara Bik-San, additional, Leung, Ping-Chung, additional, and Wong, Chun-Kwok, additional

Published
2023
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43. Adjuvant activities of immunostimulating natural products: Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bge. and Coriolus versicolorin BNT162b2 vaccination against COVID-19 infection

Author

Chan, Ben Chung-Lap, Li, Peiting, Tsang, Miranda Sin-Man, Sung, Johnny Chun-Chau, Kwong, Keith Wai-Yeung, Zheng, Tao, Hon, Sharon Sze-Man, Lau, Ching-Po, Ho, Ronald Chi-Yan, Chen, Fang, Lau, Clara Bik-San, Leung, Ping-Chung, and Wong, Chun-Kwok

Abstract

The global pandemic of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been developing all over the world for more than 3 years. In late 2020, several variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged, with increased viral fitness and transmissibility by mutations of the spike proteins of the viral particle, denting hopes of the use of early-generation vaccines for a widespread protective immunity against viral infection. The use of adjuvants may enhance the immune responses of the conventional application of the COVID-19 vaccine. We have shown that the water extract of 2 β-glucan–enriched immunostimulating natural products, Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bge. (AM) and Coriolus versicolor(CV), could induce innate immunity-related cytokines from human monocytes (CCL5, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α) and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor α). Using BALB/c mice, orally administrated AM and CV (1,384 and 742 mg/kg/d) for 4 d after vaccination, respectively, could enhance (1) the immunoglobulin G binding activities of BNT162b2 vaccination against ancestral and Delta SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins by 5.8- and 4.3-fold, respectively; (2) the immunoglobulin G3 subclass production of BNT162b2 vaccination against ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins; and (3) the in vitro antibody-neutralizing activities of BNT162b2 vaccinated mice. In conclusion, combining AM and CV was effective in acting as an oral adjuvant with the messenger RNA vaccine BNT162b2 to improve the antigen binding activities against SARS-CoV-2 ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, probably via trained immunity of macrophages and dendritic cells.Combined treatment of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bge. and Coriolus versicolorcan act as adjuvants with messenger RNA vaccine to improve the antibody activities against SARS-CoV-2, probably via macrophages/dendritic cells.Graphical abstract

Published
2024
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