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739 results on '"Lev, R"'

1. The expected evolution of the binary system PTF J2238+743015.1

Author

Piersanti, Luciano, Yungelson, Lev R., and Bravo, Eduardo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Binary systems made by a low-mass CO WD and a He-donor represent possible progenitors of explosive events via He-detonation, producing low-luminosity thermonuclear Supernovae with a peculiar nucleosynthetis. Recently, the binary system PTF J223857.11+743015.1 has been suggested as one. We investigate the evolution of the PTF J223857.11+743015.1 system, composed by a 0.75Msun CO WD and a 0.390Msun subdwarf, capped by a thin H-rich layer, considering rotation of the WD component. We compute the evolution of two stars simultaneously, accounting for the possible evolution of the orbital parameters, as determined by mass transfer between components and by mass ejection from the system during RLOF episodes. We consider that the WD gains angular momentum due to accretion and we follow the evolution of the angular velocity profile as due to angular momentum transport via convection and rotation-induced instabilities. As the donor H-rich envelope is transferred, the WD experiences recurrent very strong H-flashes triggering RLOF episodes during which the entire accreted matter is lost from the system. Due to mixing of chemicals by rotation-induced instabilities during the accretion phase, H-flashes occur inside the original WD. Hence, pulse-by pulse, the accretor mass is reduced down to 0.7453Msun. When He-rich matter is transferred, He-detonation does not occur in the rotating WD, which undergoes 6 very strong He-flashes and subsequent RLOF episodes. Also in this case, due to rotation-induced mixing of the accreted layers with the underlying core, the WD is eroded. Finally, when the mass transfer rate from the donor decreases, a massive He-buffer is piled-up onto the accretor which ends its life as a cooling WD. The binary system PTF J2238+743015.1 as all those binaries having similar components masses and orbital parameters are not good candidates as thermonuclear explosions progenitors., Comment: 12 Pages, 9 Figures, 3 Tables. Accepted for the publication on A&A

Published
2024

3. COVID-19 pandemic: legal, criminological, health and social aspects

Author

Lev R. Klebanov and Svetlana V. Polubinskaya

Subjects
public health, anti-epidemic measures, legal act, crime, mental health, victimisation, criminological research, Law
Abstract

This study considers the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic - announced by the WHO in March 2020 - on law enforcement, crime, and mental health of population, including vulnerable groups (children and adolescents, prisoners, health care workers). The authors use an interdisciplinary research approach, including comparative legal, historical, and formal-legal methods. Anti-epidemic measures aimed at curbing the global spread of the virus and interrupting its transmission routes are described on examples from several countries. The legal basis for such measures consists mainly of legal acts of executive authorities and decisions of local authorities, taken in accordance with national laws in the field of prevention and control of infectious diseases and response to emergencies. The authors discuss in detail the legal instruments used in countering the pandemic in the Russian Federation, including changes and amendments to the legislation on administrative offences and criminal law. The global crisis caused by the pandemic offers examples of effective actions taken by states, but also shows weaknesses in the organization of health care, including functioning of health care workers “on the front line” of fight against the pandemic. The international system for responding to dangerous infections has also underperformed, prompting discussions on the need for an international legal instrument to combat pandemics. Empirical studies have found that the pandemic, combined with restrictive measures, led to increased levels of stress, anxiety and depression, alcohol and other psychoactive substances use among the population, gave rise to new types of illigal behavior and negative dynamics in a number of already known criminal offenses. Therefore, criminologists need to pay attention to changes in the structure and dynamics of crime, conditions that contribute to them, as well as new factors of victimhood.

Published
2023
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8. He-Accreting WDs: AM CVn stars with WD Donors

Author

Piersanti, Luciano, Yungelson, Lev R., and Tornambe', Amedeo

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We study the physical and evolutionary properties of the "WD family" of AM CVn stars by computing realistic models of IDD systems. We evaluate self-consistently both the mass transfer rate from the donor, as determined by GW emission and interaction with the binary companion, and the thermal response of the accretor to mass deposition. We find that, after the onset of mass transfer, all the considered systems undergo a strong non-dynamical He-flash. However, due to the compactness of these systems, the expanding accretors fill their Roche lobe very soon, thus preventing the efficient heating of the external layers of the accreted CO WDs. Moreover, due to the loss of matter from the systems, the orbital separations enlarge and mass transfer comes to a halt. The further evolution depends on the value of $\dot{M}$, after the donors fill again their lobe. On one hand, if the accretion rate, as determined by the actual value of (M$_{don}$,M$_{acc}$), is high enough, the accretors experience several He-flashes of decreasing strength and then quiescent He-burning sets in. Later on, since the mass transfer rate in IDD is a permanently decreasing function of time, accretors experience several recurrent strong flashes. On the other hand, for intermediate and low values of $\dot{M}$, the accretors enter the strong flashes accretion regime. As expected, in all the considered systems the last He-flash is the strongest one, even if a dynamical event never occurs. When the mass accretion rate decreases below (2-3)$\times 10^{-8} M_\odot yr^{-1}$, the compressional heating of the He-shell becomes less efficient than the neutrino cooling, so that all the accretors in the considered systems evolve into massive degenerate objects. Our results suggest that SNe .Ia or type Ia Supernovae due to Edge-Lit Detonation in the WD family of AM CVn stars should be much more rare than previously expected., Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for the publication on MNRAS. Corrected typos in the Abstract

Published
2015
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10. COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMMITTING SABOTAGE AND TERRORISM

Author

Lev R. Klebanov and Svetlana V. Polubinskaya

Subjects
cybercrimes, cyberattack, computer virus, cyberterrorism, cybersecurity, sabotage, unmanned transport, drones, Law
Abstract

The article discusses the problems that arise in connection with the crimes against state and public security committed by use of computer and network technologies. This topic is becoming relevant because some states have already experienced the effects of combat computer viruses, which can be regarded as waging war using cyber weapons. The most famous example is the attack by the Stuxnet computer virus on an Iranian uranium enrichment plant. The virus was created specifically to disable industrial control systems. The use of unmanned ground and air vehicles to carry out terrorist acts is of particular danger. The Russian military in Syria is constantly confronted with terrorist attacks: the Khmeimim aerospace forces base is regularly attacked with unmanned air vehicles - drones. Terrorist acts with the use of computer and network technologies are no less dangerous. The destructive potential of cyberterrorism is determined by the widespread computerization of state and public life, the implementation of projects to create smart cities, including smart transportation, as well as the intensive development of the Internet of things. The purpose of the article is to analyze new criminal threats to state and public security, as well as to study high-tech ways of committing crimes such as sabotage, terrorist acts, and other crimes of a terrorist nature. The cost of their consequences for society is very high, and criminals do not always need to attack social objects directly - it is enough to spread panic among the population using online media, social networks and websites of authorities of various levels, after obtaining illegal access to them. The article describes some of the techniques already used to commit crimes of sabotage and terrorism. The authors draw attention to the priority of cybersecurity both for engineers of devices with elements of artificial intelligence, and for lawmakers who should pay attention to methods of technical forecasting when developing legal norms aimed at prevention of new ways of committing such crimes. When writing the article, the authors used a wide range of Russian and foreign sources of legal, statistical, sociological and other information. The authors used such research methods as analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, formal legal method as well as comparative legal method.

Published
2020
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11. The Issue Isn’t Which Model of Consumer Interference Is Right, but Which One Is Least Wrong

Author

Lev R. Ginzburg and John Damuth

Subjects
consumer interference, ratio-dependence, prey-dependence, consumer-dependence, root models, functional response, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Empirical observations and an analogy with the history of ballistics illuminate the ongoing debate about the default choice for types of functional responses, based on consumer interference. The two ideal views of consumer interference are: (1) There is no direct mutual interference among consumers (“prey-dependence”), and (2) Consumers show strong mutual interference, the functional response depending on the number of prey per consumer (“ratio-dependence”). Each of these minimal-information concepts are what we refer to as “root” models, of limited accuracy in themselves, but they are the base upon which we erect complex models for specific, real-world cases. We argue that the ratio dependent view coincides more naturally with the way we model the dynamics of any population, and taken alone it is the model more consistent with empirical observations. Both root models often will give the “wrong answer” when applied directly to real world cases. Nevertheless, one root model may be “less wrong” than the other. This is not unlike developments 400 years ago in physics, when two root models competed in ballistics. Galileo’s demonstration that the default trajectory of a projectile is a parabola eventually replaced what had been the dominant root model since Aristotle. Both ballistic root models are inaccurate in the presence of air friction, but the parabolic model is, overall, less wrong. We argue that the ratio-dependent model, like the parabolic trajectory, is the “less wrong” and it is therefore a natural view from which to start thinking about consumer-resource interaction and developing more elaborate models.

Published
2022
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12. Nanoparticles of N-Vinylpyrrolidone Amphiphilic Copolymers and Pheophorbide a as Promising Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy: Design, Properties and In Vitro Phototoxic Activity

Author

Alexander Yu. Rybkin, Svetlana V. Kurmaz, Elizaveta A. Urakova, Natalia V. Filatova, Lev R. Sizov, Alexey V. Kozlov, Mikhail O. Koifman, and Nikolai S. Goryachev

Subjects
nanoparticles, N-vinylpyrrolidone, (di)methacrylates, amphiphilic copolymers, pheophorbide, chlorin e6, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract

A series of nanoparticles (NPs) with a hydrodynamic radius from 20 to 100 nm in PBS was developed over the solubilization of hydrophobic dye methyl pheophorbide a (chlorin e6 derivative) by amphiphilic copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone with (di)methacrylates. Photophysical properties and biological activity of the NPs aqueous solution were studied. It was found that the dye encapsulated in the copolymers is in an aggregated state. However, its aggregation degree decreases sharply, and singlet oxygen quantum yield and the fluorescence signal increase upon the interaction of these NPs with model biological membranes—liposomes or components of a tissue homogenate. The phototoxic effect of NPs in HeLa cells exceeds by 1.5–2 times that of the reference dye chlorin e6 trisodium salt—one of the most effective photosensitizers used in clinical practice. It could be explained by the effective release of the hydrophobic photosensitizer from the NPs into biological structures. The demonstrated approach can be used not only for the encapsulation of hydrophobic photosensitizers for PDT but also for other drugs, and N-vinylpyrrolidone amphiphilic copolymers show promising potential as a modern platform for the design of targeted delivery vehicles.

Published
2023
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13. CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINALISTICS PROBLEMS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES ACTIVITY IN ARCTIC REGION

Author

Lev V. Bertovsky and Lev R. Klebanov

Subjects
Arctic, law enforcement agencies, criminal law, criminalistics, criminality, ecology crimes, Law
Abstract

The actual problems of criminal law and criminalistics with which law enforcement agencies in Arctic have been facing are concerned in the present article. Successful development of Arctic region demands struggling against criminality affected by special climate, geographic, ethnic, social, legal and another factors. These circumstances roughly embarrass the combating with criminality in Arctic, taking into account sparse population of the region, remote location of communities from organs of state power, ingenious people alcohol abusing, negative affecting of harsh arctic conditions on mental health of inhabiting person. Being one of the richest recourse region all over the world, Arctic has becoming the stage of competition between arctic states. Upkeeping of order on Russian arctic territory is very important aim under these circumstances. In the article legal regiment of Arctic is concerned and characteristic of Arctic social and economy situation is given. The authors demonstrate structure of Arctic criminality and crimes committed on this territory are analyzed. Special attention is centered on analyzing of ecological crimes committed in Arctic taking into account wealthy of local fauna and environment. The problems of law enforcement criminalistics providing also are attentively analyzed, for example, issues of criminalistics methodic for crime investigation, usage of the new technic tools and devises of criminalistics, interconnection between investigators and detectives. Such interconnection is embarrassed by remote locations islands from mainland. The article is grounded on extensive materials from empiric, scientific and law origins related to criminality existing in the different Arctic countries (USA, Canada, Russia, Scandinavian states). This article is the first one discussing various problems of combatting criminality in Arctic region. In the process of preparing the article authors have come to conclusion that Arctic crimes there committed poses special sort of criminality - “frozen” criminality. Such sort provided by special factors must be explored in the future in order to get success while combating the criminality in Arctic.

Published
2019
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14. Helium stars as supernova progenitors

Author

Waldman, Roni, Yungelson, Lev R., and Barkat, Zalman

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We follow the evolution of helium stars of initial mass $(2.2 - 2.5) M_\odot$, and show that they undergo off-center carbon burning, which leaves behind ${\mathbf \sim 0.01 M_\odot}$ of unburnt carbon in the inner part of the core. When the carbon-oxygen core grows to Chandrasekhar mass, the amount of left-over carbon is sufficient to ignite thermonuclear runaway. At the moment of explosion, the star will possess an envelope of several $0.1 M_{\odot}$, consisting of He, C, and possibly some H, perhaps producing a kind of peculiar SN. Based on the results of Waldman and Barkat (2007) for accreting white dwarfs, we expect to get thermonuclear runaway at a broad range of $\rho_c \approx (1 - 6) \times 10^9 \mathrm{g cm^{-3}}$, depending on the amount of residual carbon. We verified the feasibility of this scenario by showing that in a close binary system with initial masses $(8.5 + 7.7) M_{\odot}$ and initial period of 150 day the primary produces a helium remnant of $2.3 M_{\odot}$ that evolves further like the model we considered., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Hydrogen-Deficient Stars 2007

Published
2007

16. The White Dwarfs in AM CVn systems - candidates for SN Ia?

Author

Solheim, Jan-Erik and Yungelson, Lev R.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Thanks to the rapid increase of observations of Supernovae Ia, we may now claim that the Universe is accelerating. SN Ia are believed to be good standard candles, and after correcting the observations by various methods a precise Hubble diagram results. One of the most important problems to solve in astrophysics today is to find the progenitors of SN Ia. Candidates are to be found in close binary systems where one of the components may accumulate Chandrasekhar mass and then explode. We show that the AM CVn systems may contribute to the SNe population, but will not be the dominant contributor., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, EUROWD 2004 - 14th European Workshop on White Dwarfs

Published
2004

17. Population Synthesis for Progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae

Author

Yungelson, Lev R.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We discuss application of population synthesis for binary stars to progenitors of SN Ia. We show that the only candidate systems able to support the rate of SNe Ia $\sim 10^{-3} yr^{-1}$ both in old and young populations are merging white dwarfs. In young populations ($\sim 1$ Gyr) edge-lit detonations in semidetached systems with nondegenerate helium star donors are also able to support a similar rate. The estimated current Galactic rate of SN Ia with single-degenerate progenitors is $\sim 10^{-4} yr^{-1}$., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figires, to be published in White Dwarfs: Galactic and Cosmological Probes, Editors: E.M. Sion, H.L. Shipman and S. Vennes, Kluwer Academic Publishers

Published
2004
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18. Properties of the close binary and circumbinary torus of the Red Rectangle

Author

Men'shchikov, Alexander B., Schertl, Dieter, Tuthill, Peter, Weigelt, Gerd, and Yungelson, Lev R.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

New diffraction-limited speckle images of the Red Rectangle in the wavelength range 2.1--3.3 microns with angular resolutions of 44--68 mas and previous speckle images at 0.7--2.2 microns revealed well-resolved bright bipolar outflow lobes and long X-shaped spikes originating deep inside the outflow cavities. This set of high-resolution images stimulated us to reanalyze all infrared observations of the Red Rectangle using our two-dimensional radiative transfer code. The new detailed modeling, together with estimates of the interstellar extinction in the direction of the Red Rectangle enabled us to more accurately determine one of the key parameters, the distance D=710 pc with model uncertainties of 70 pc, which is twice as far as the commonly used estimate of 330 pc. The central binary is surrounded by a compact, massive (M=1.2 Msun), very dense dusty torus with hydrogen densities reaching n_H=2.5x10^12 cm^-3 (dust-to-gas mass ratio rho_d/rho~0.01). The bright component of the spectroscopic binary HD 44179 is a post-AGB star with mass M*=0.57 Msun, luminosity L*=6000 Lsun, and effective temperature T*=7750 K. Based on the orbital elements of the binary, we identify its invisible component with a helium white dwarf with Mwd~0.35 Msun, Lwd~100 Lsun, and Twd~6x10^4 K. The hot white dwarf ionizes the low-density bipolar outflow cavities inside the dense torus, producing a small HII region observed at radio wavelengths. We propose an evolutionary scenario for the formation of the Red Rectangle nebula, in which the binary initially had 2.3 and 1.9 Msun components at a separation of 130 Rsun. The nebula was formed in the ejection of a common envelope after Roche lobe overflow by the present post-AGB star., Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics, also available at http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/div/ir-interferometry/publications.html

Published
2002
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19. Population synthesis for double white dwarfs I.Close detached systems

Author

Nelemans, Gijs, Yungelson, Lev R., Zwart, Simon F. Portegies, and Verbunt, Frank

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We model the population of double white dwarfs in the Galaxy and find a better agreement with observations compared to earlier studies, due to two modifications. The first is the treatment of the first phase of unstable mass transfer and the second the modelling of the cooling of the white dwarfs. A satisfactory agreement with observations of the local sample of white dwarfs is achieved if we assume that the initial binary fraction is ~ 50% and that the lowest mass white dwarfs (M < 0.3 Msun) cool faster than the most recently published cooling models predict. With this model we find a Galactic birth rate of close double white dwarfs of 0.05 yr^{-1}, a birth rate of AM CVn systems of 0.005 yr^{-1}, a merger rate of pairs with a combined mass exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit (which may be progenitors of SNe Ia) of 0.003 yr^{-1} and a formation rate of planetary nebulae of 1 yr^{-1}. We estimate the total number of double white dwarfs in the Galaxy as 2.5 10^8. In an observable sample with a limiting magnitude V_lim = 15 we predict the presence of ~855 white dwarfs of which ~220 are close pairs. Of these 10 are double CO white dwarfs of which one has a combined mass exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit and will merge within a Hubble time., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2000
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20. Reconstructing the evolution of double helium white dwarfs: envelope loss without spiral-in

Author

Nelemans, Gijs, Verbunt, Frank, Yungelson, Lev R., and Zwart, Simon F. Portegies

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The unique core-mass - radius relation for giants with degenerate helium cores enables us to reconstruct the evolution of three observed double helium white dwarfs with known masses of both components. The last mass transfer phase in their evolution must have been a spiral-in. In the formalism proposed by Webbink (1984), we can constrain the efficiency of the deposition of orbital energy into the envelope to be $1 \la \alpha \la 6$, for an envelope structure parameter $\lambda=0.5$. We find that the two standard mass transfer types (stable mass transfer and spiral-in) are both unable to explain the first phase of mass transfer for these three binaries. We use a parametric approach to describe mass transfer in low-mass binaries, where both stars are of comparable mass and find that the orbital characteristics of the observed double helium white dwarfs can be well reproduced if the envelope of the primary is lost with ~1.5 times the specific angular momentum of the initial binary. In this case no substantial spiral-in occurs., Comment: 8 pages, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2000

24. Close Binary White Dwarf Systems: Numerous New Detections and Their Interpretation

Author

Saffer, Rex A., Livio, Mario, and Yungelson, Lev R.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We describe radial velocity observations of a large sample of apparently single white dwarfs (WDs), obtained in a long-term effort to discover close, double-degenerate (DD) pairs which might comprise viable Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) progenitors. We augment the WD sample with a previously observed sample of apparently single subdwarf B (sdB) stars, which are believed to evolve directly to the WD cooling sequence after the cessation of core helium burning. We have identified 18 new radial velocity variables, including five confirmed sdB+WD short-period pairs. Our observations are in general agreement with the predictions of the theory of binary star evolution. We describe a numerical method to evaluate the detection efficiency of the survey and estimate the number of binary systems not detected due to the effects of varying orbital inclination, orbital phase at the epoch of the first observation, and the actual temporal sampling of each object in the sample. Follow-up observations are in progress to solve for the orbital parameters of the candidate velocity variables., Comment: 30 pages (LaTeX) + 6 figures (Postscript), aaspp4 style

Published
1998
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25. Gamma-ray bursts and density evolution of neutron star binary mergers

Author

Bagot, Philippe, Zwart, Simon F. Portegies, and Yungelson, Lev R.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The evolution of the comoving cosmic merger-rate density of neutron star binaries n_c(z) is calculated using a distribution of their merging times provided by population-synthesis computations of binary stars. We adopt an exponential law for the star formation rate with various timescales for different morphological types of galaxies. For elliptical galaxies also an initial burst of star formation, lasting one Gyr, is considered. The resulting n_c(z) of most models agree with the form n_c(z) \propto (1+z)^{1.5-2} for z < 2, which has been proposed for the source population of gamma-ray bursts. Assuming a standard candle luminosity, the computed brightness distribution is consistent with the BATSE results if bursts at the peak flux threshold, P = 0.4 photons cm^{-2}/s, are located at a limiting redshift of 1.9 to 3.3. Progenitors of the systems producing gamma-ray bursts at small redshift (bright) are likely to host in spiral galaxies and star forming regions whereas these at high redshift (dim) reside mainly in elliptical galaxies. The location of a burst may be up to a Mpc away from the host galaxy., Comment: 4 pages letter including 4 figures, Latex; A&A, Letters in press

Published
1998

26. Hidden hydrosphere under the Caspian Sea: Geophysical evidence and sea-level influence

Author

Victoria A. Putans, Mariia A. Trimonova, and Lev R. Merklin

Subjects
Geophysics, Geology
Abstract

We analyzed geologic-geophysical data, both from archives and collections in recent expeditions by the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, and revealed many anomalies in the seismoacoustic wavefield. Anomalies are of two types: horizontal disturbed layers and vertical pipes. Anomalies form associations — pipes (chimneys) are rooted in disturbed layers and go through sediments up to the seafloor and form pockmarks. We consider all specified seismic anomalies and bottom microrelief as a possibility of vertical migration of gas and water via sediments (fluid from sediments to water and from seawater to sediments). It is expected that the fluids form a huge underground hydrosphere below the Caspian Sea. To test the fluid flow, we made a mathematical model of fluid discharge and absorption in bottom sediments. We hypothesize that the Caspian Sea level fluctuates, at least partially, due to cycles of the submarine ground water discharge and sea water absorption back into the sediments. This cyclicity of fluid discharge and absorption correlates with regional seismic events. The earthquakes cause tectonic relaxation, triggering the absorption process, and sea-level drop due to reverse flow into sediments. In other periods, the tectonic tension causes sediment compression and fluid discharge to sea water, which causes sea-level rise. The model was tested on the recent (past 100 years) sea-level change curve. As a result, we got a distribution of the general volume of fluid flows depending on the infiltration coefficient. The real change in the Caspian Sea volume is at the lower range of the calculated values, so we cannot neglect the effect of “gas pipes” (“chimneys”) on the Caspian Sea-level change.

Published
2023
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28. Type Ia Supernovae: An Examination of Potential Progenitors and the Redshift Distribution

Author

Yungelson, Lev R. and Livio, Mario

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We examine the possibility that supernovae type Ia (SN Ia) are produced by white dwarfs accreting from Roche-lobe filling evolved companions, under the assumption that a strong optically thick stellar wind from accretor is able to stabilize the mass transfer. We show that if a mass transfer phase on a thermal timescale precedes a nuclear burning driven phase, then such systems (of which the supersoft X-ray sources are a subgroup) can account for about 10% of the inferred SN Ia rate. In addition, we examine the cosmic history of the supernova rate, and we show that the ratio of the rate of SN Ia to the rate of supernovae produced by massive stars (supernovae of types II, Ib, Ic) should increase from about z = 1 towards lower redshifts., Comment: 29 pages, Latex, 6 figures, aasms4.sty, psfig.sty, to appear in The Astrophysical Journal

Published
1997
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29. Cyg X-3: can the compact object be a black hole?

Author

Ergma, Ene and Yungelson, Lev R.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

By means of population synthesis we find that the expected Galactic number of black holes with massive helium star companions is \sim 100 and depends on an assumed threshold for M_{pre-BH}. The overwhelming majority of these systems has orbital periods in excess of 10 hr, with a maximum at \sim 100 hr, while under the Illarionov & Sunyaev (1975) disk formation criteria for accretion from the strong stellar wind of Wolf-Rayet star disk accretion is possible only for orbital periods below \sim 10 hr. However, the number of such short-period systems is vanishingly small. If the accretor in Cyg X-3 is a 10 M_sun black hole, then the accretion rate will be super-Eddington. Super-Eddington accretion may be responsible for the formation of jets in Cyg X-3 and may also support an X-ray luminosity as high as \sim 10^{39} erg/s. From the orbital period distribution for neutron stars with massive helium companions we find that if during the common envelope phase a neutron star accretes at Eddington rate and spins-up to the equilibrium period, then in most systems it acts as a ``propeller'' and accretion from the WR star wind is impossible. For the model with two massive helium stars as an immediate progenitor of Cyg X-3, requirement of accomodation of two WR stars in the post-common-envelope orbit combined with severe mass loss by them prevents formation of BH+WR systems with orbital periods less than several days., Comment: 8 pages, Latex, 2 figures, uses psfig.sty, to appear in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Published
1997

30. Formation and Evolution of Binary Neutron Stars

Author

Zwart, Simon F. Portegies and Yungelson, Lev R.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The formation and evolution of binaries which contain two neutron stars or a neutron star with a black hole are discussed in detail. The evolution of the distributions in orbital period and eccentricity for neutron star binaries are studied as a function of time. In the model which fits the observations of high mass binary pulsars best the deposition of orbital energy into common envelopes has to be very efficient and a kick velocity distribution has to contain a significant contribution of low velocity kicks. The estimated age of the population has to be between several 100 Myr and 1 Gyr. The birthrate of binary neutron stars is about 3.4 10^{-5} per year (assuming 100% binarity) and their merger rate is about 2 x 10^{-5} per year. The merger rate of neutron star binaries is consistent with the estimated rate of gamma-ray bursts, if the latter are beamed into an opening angle of a few degrees. We argue that PSR B2303+46 is possibly formed in a scenario in which the common envelope is avoided while for the other three known high-mass binary pulsars a common envelope is required to explain their orbital period., Comment: 18 pages including 9 figures, Latex; Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
1997

34. Selection on stability across ecological scales

Author

Borrelli, Jonathan J., Allesina, Stefano, Amarasekare, Priyanga, Arditi, Roger, Chase, Ivan, Damuth, John, Holt, Robert D., Logofet, Dmitrii O., Novak, Mark, Rohr, Rudolf P., Rossberg, Axel G., Spencer, Matthew, Tran, J. Khai, and Ginzburg, Lev R.

Published
2015
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37. Nanoparticles of N-Vinylpyrrolidone Amphiphilic Copolymers and Pheophorbide a as Promising Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy: Design, Properties and In Vitro Phototoxic Activity

Author

Rybkin, Alexander Yu., primary, Kurmaz, Svetlana V., additional, Urakova, Elizaveta A., additional, Filatova, Natalia V., additional, Sizov, Lev R., additional, Kozlov, Alexey V., additional, Koifman, Mikhail O., additional, and Goryachev, Nikolai S., additional

Published
2023
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41. Analysis of the lead-induced moderate biological stress of wheet ( Triticumaestivum L.) seedlings

Author

Lev R Bernikov and E S Ron’zhina

Subjects
triticum aestivum, seedlings, lead, biological stress, stress markers, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

The action of moderate Pb 2+ concentrations on the physiologo-biochemical values of the 1 st true leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings using markers of general use was explored. Stress changes at Pb 2+ concentrations from 0,03 mg/l were showed, the switching of the stress phases was demonstrated. Observed processes are discussing concerning with advisability of approaches for further researches of the lead-induced biological stress.

Published
2014

43. A Global Survey on Changes in the Supply, Price, and Use of Illicit Drugs and Alcohol, and Related Complications During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Farhoudian, A, Radfar, S, Ardabili, H, Rafei, P, Ebrahimi, M, Zonoozi, A, De Jong, C, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Hansen, H, Brady, K, Potenza, M, Baldacchino, A, Ekhtiari, H, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-Ansari, B, Al-Khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Arya, S, Asebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Busse, A, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Deilamizade, A, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Isra, T, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Kurniasanti, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-Ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Massah, O, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon, T, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Raghavendra Rao, R, Ratta-Apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Wee Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Farhoudian A., Radfar S. R., Ardabili H. M., Rafei P., Ebrahimi M., Zonoozi A. K., De Jong C. A. J., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Hansen H., Brady K. T., Potenza M. N., Baldacchino A. M., Ekhtiari H., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-Ansari B., Al-Khair F. M. A., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Arya S., Asebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Busse A., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., Cherpitel J. J. E. N., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Deilamizade A., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H. F. -H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Isra T. N., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S. -G. S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Kurniasanti K. S., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-Ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J. M., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., Massah O., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T. N. J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A. -A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Quiros R. A., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Raghavendra Rao R., Ratta-Apha W., Raymond K. -L., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Wee Teck J. B. T., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., Zhao M., Farhoudian, A, Radfar, S, Ardabili, H, Rafei, P, Ebrahimi, M, Zonoozi, A, De Jong, C, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Hansen, H, Brady, K, Potenza, M, Baldacchino, A, Ekhtiari, H, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-Ansari, B, Al-Khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Arya, S, Asebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Busse, A, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Deilamizade, A, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Isra, T, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Kurniasanti, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-Ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Massah, O, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon, T, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Raghavendra Rao, R, Ratta-Apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Wee Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Farhoudian A., Radfar S. R., Ardabili H. M., Rafei P., Ebrahimi M., Zonoozi A. K., De Jong C. A. J., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Hansen H., Brady K. T., Potenza M. N., Baldacchino A. M., Ekhtiari H., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-Ansari B., Al-Khair F. M. A., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Arya S., Asebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Busse A., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., Cherpitel J. J. E. N., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Deilamizade A., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H. F. -H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Isra T. N., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S. -G. S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Kurniasanti K. S., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-Ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J. M., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., Massah O., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T. N. J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A. -A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Quiros R. A., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Raghavendra Rao R., Ratta-Apha W., Raymond K. -L., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Wee Teck J. B. T., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., and Zhao M.

Abstract

Background and Aims: COVID-19 has infected more than 77 million people worldwide and impacted the lives of many more, with a particularly devastating impact on vulnerable populations, including people with substance use disorders (SUDs). Quarantines, travel bans, regulatory changes, social distancing, and “lockdown” measures have affected drug and alcohol supply chains and subsequently their availability, price, and use patterns, with possible downstream effects on presentations of SUDs and demand for treatment. Given the lack of multicentric epidemiologic studies, we conducted a rapid global survey within the International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM) network in order to understand the status of substance-use patterns during the current pandemic. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Worldwide. Participants: Starting on April 4, 2020 during a 5-week period, the survey received 185 responses from 77 countries. Measurements: To assess addiction medicine professionals' perceived changes in drug and alcohol supply, price, use pattern, and related complications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: Participants reported (among who answered “decreased” or “increased”) a decrease in drug supply (69.0%) and at the same time an increase in price (95.3%) globally. With respect to changes in use patterns, an increase in alcohol (71.7%), cannabis (63.0%), prescription opioids (70.9%), and sedative/hypnotics (84.6%) use was reported, while the use of amphetamines (59.7%), cocaine (67.5%), and opiates (58.2%) was reported to decrease overall. Conclusions: The global report on changes in the availability, use patterns, and complications of alcohol and drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic should be considered in making new policies and in developing mitigating measures and guidelines during the current pandemic (and probable future ones) in order to minimize risks to people with SUD.

Published
2021

44. Reorganization of Substance Use Treatment and Harm Reduction Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey

Author

Radfar, S, De Jong, C, Farhoudian, A, Ebrahimi, M, Rafei, P, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Massah, O, Deylamizadeh, A, Brady, K, Busse, A, Potenza, M, Ekhtiari, H, Baldacchino, A, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-ansari, B, Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Ardabili, H, Arya, S, Lasebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Siste, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon T N, J, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Alberto Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Rao, R, Ratta-apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Zonoozi, A, Radfar S. R., De Jong C. A. J., Farhoudian A., Ebrahimi M., Rafei P., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Massah O., Deylamizadeh A., Brady K. T., Busse A., Potenza M. N., Ekhtiari H., Baldacchino A. M., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-ansari B., Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair F., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Ardabili H. M., Arya S., Lasebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel J., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Siste K., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T N J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Alberto Quiros R., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Rao R. R., Ratta-apha W., Raymond K., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Teck J., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., Zhao M., Zonoozi A. K., Radfar, S, De Jong, C, Farhoudian, A, Ebrahimi, M, Rafei, P, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Massah, O, Deylamizadeh, A, Brady, K, Busse, A, Potenza, M, Ekhtiari, H, Baldacchino, A, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-ansari, B, Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Ardabili, H, Arya, S, Lasebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Siste, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon T N, J, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Alberto Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Rao, R, Ratta-apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Zonoozi, A, Radfar S. R., De Jong C. A. J., Farhoudian A., Ebrahimi M., Rafei P., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Massah O., Deylamizadeh A., Brady K. T., Busse A., Potenza M. N., Ekhtiari H., Baldacchino A. M., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-ansari B., Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair F., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Ardabili H. M., Arya S., Lasebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel J., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Siste K., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T N J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Alberto Quiros R., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Rao R. R., Ratta-apha W., Raymond K., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Teck J., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., Zhao M., and Zonoozi A. K.

Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted people with substance use disorders (SUDs) worldwide, and healthcare systems have reorganized their services in response to the pandemic. Methods: One week after the announcement of the COVID-19 as a pandemic, in a global survey, 177 addiction medicine professionals described COVID-19-related health responses in their own 77 countries in terms of SUD treatment and harm reduction services. The health responses were categorized around (1) managerial measures and systems, (2) logistics, (3) service providers, and (4) vulnerable groups. Results: Respondents from over 88% of countries reported that core medical and psychiatric care for SUDs had continued; however, only 56% of countries reported having had any business continuity plan, and 37.5% of countries reported shortages of methadone or buprenorphine supplies. Participants of 41% of countries reported partial discontinuation of harm-reduction services such as needle and syringe programs and condom distribution. Fifty-seven percent of overdose prevention interventions and 81% of outreach services were also negatively impacted. Conclusions: Participants reported that SUD treatment and harm-reduction services had been significantly impacted globally early during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our findings, we highlight several issues and complications resulting from the pandemic concerning people with SUDs that should be tackled more efficiently during the future waves or similar pandemics. The issues and potential strategies comprise the following: (1) helping policymakers to generate business continuity plans, (2) maintaining the use of evidence-based interventions for people with SUDs, (3) being prepared for adequate medication supplies, (4) integrating harm reduction programs with other treatment modalities, and (5) having specific considerations for vulnerable groups such as immigrants and refugees.

Published
2021

46. Substituted boron subphthalocyanines – Prospective compounds for theranostics: Synthesis, photochemical properties and in vitro cytotoxicity

Author

Burtsev, Ivan D., primary, Dubinina, Tatiana V., additional, Egorov, Anton E., additional, Kostyukov, Alexey A., additional, Shibaeva, Anna V., additional, Agranat, Alina S., additional, Ivanova, Maria M., additional, Sizov, Lev R., additional, Filatova, Natalia V., additional, Rybkin, Alexander Y., additional, Varakina, Elena V., additional, Bunev, Alexander S., additional, Antonets, Anastasia A., additional, Milaeva, Elena R., additional, and Kuzmin, Vladimir A., additional

Published
2022
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