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European forests are becoming increasingly threatened by climate change and more frequent droughts. The likely responses of species to climate change will vary, affecting their competitiveness, their existence, and consequently, forest management decisions and measures. We determined the influence of climate on the radial growth of European beech and silver fir along the Carpathians to find similarities between the two species and the main differences. Along the Carpathian Mountains, seven sites with mature fir–beech stands above 800 m above sea level were selected and analyzed. Our study confirmed different responses depending on species and location. A more pronounced response of tree growth to climate was observed on the eastern side of the Carpathians, while it was less expressed or even absent on the southern sites. Both beech and fir show better radial growth with higher precipitation in July and slower growth with higher average and maximum temperatures in June of the current year. Fir demonstrates a positive correlation between radial growth and temperature in winter, while beech demonstrates a negative correlation between radial growth and temperature in summer. In the 1951–1960 decade, the average tree ring widths in fir and beech were largest at the southern sites compared to the other sites, but since 2011, the southern sites have had the lowest increase while northern sites have had the largest. Both species respond differently to climate and are likely to follow different competitive paths in the future. Nasl. z nasl. zaslona. Opis vira z dne 28. 6. 2023. Bibliografija: str. 12-13.

V prispevku predstavimo podlago za izdelavo usmeritev pri gospodarjenju z navadno smreko v Sloveniji. Izvedli smo več ločenih analiz z istim ciljem: pripraviti strokovno utemeljene in s podatki podprte usmeritve za gospodarjenje z navadno smreko v Sloveniji v prihodnjih desetletjih. Tako smo v tem prispevku združili rezultate meritev nacionalne gozdne inventure, analizo priraščanja smreke, analize vrstne pestrosti ter pregled osnutkov načrtov za gozdnogospodarska območja. Namen tega prispevka je predstavitev rezultatov štirih ločenih sklopov analiz podatkov, ki so predstavljali osnovo za izdelavo usmeritev pri gospodarjenju z navadno smreko, objavljenih v naslednjem prispevku. In our article, we present the foundation for the preparation of the guidelines for Norway spruce management in Slovenia. We performed several separate analyses following the same goal: to prepare professionally founded and data-supported guidelines for Norway spruce management in Slovenia in the future decades. Thus, in this article, we combined the measurement results of the national forest inventory, spruce increment analysis, species diversity analyses, and overview of the drafts of the forest management regions plans. This article aims to present the results of the four separate data analysis complexes representing the foundation for the preparation of the guidelines in the Norway spruce management, published in the next article. Bibliografija: str. 349-350. Izvleček ; Abstract.

Na podlagi meritev v obdobju 1962–2017 smo na raziskovalnih ploskvah na nekdanjih novinah v katastrski občini Koprivna izračunali debelinske, višinske in volumenske prirastke za najpomembnejši drevesni vrsti - smreko in macesen. Na raziskovalnih ploskvah, ki so bile prepuščene naravnemu razvoju, so srednjetemeljnični premeri manjši, število dreves pa večje od tistih v primerljivih gospodarskih gozdovih. V zadnjih tridesetih letih se je zaradi visokih sestojnih gostot zmanjšalo debelinsko priraščanje dreves smreke in macesna. Z dendrokronološko analizo smo ocenili vpliv klimatskih dejavnikov na priraščanje smreke in macesna. Na podlagi dendrokronološke analize smo ugotovili, da se leta z negativnim odzivom dreves v debelinskem prirastku od leta 1984 pojavljajo pogosteje. Based on previous measurements from 1962 to 2017 on forest research plots located on former slash-and-burn farming areas in the cadastral municipality of Koprivna, the diameter and height increment as well as volume increments of the two main tree species - spruce and larch - were calculated. These set-aside natural research plots have a smaller mean basal area diameter, but the number of trees is higher than in comparable managed forests. Due to the high-density of tree stands over the past thirty years, radial increment of spruce and larch has declined. To determine the influence of environmental factors on radial growth of spruce and larch, a dendrochronological analysis was conducted. According to the dendrochronological analysis of radial increment of trees, the number of years with a negative response has been higher since 1984.

V prispevku predstavimo podlago za izdelavo usmeritev pri gospodarjenju z navadno smreko v Sloveniji. Izvedli smo več ločenih analiz z istim ciljem: pripraviti strokovno utemeljene in s podatki podprte usmeritve za gospodarjenje z navadno smreko v Sloveniji v prihodnjih desetletjih. Tako smo v tem prispevku združili rezultate meritev nacionalne gozdne inventure, analizo priraščanja smreke, analize vrstne pestrosti ter pregled osnutkov načrtov za gozdnogospodarska območja. Namen tega prispevka je predstavitev rezultatov štirih ločenih sklopov analiz podatkov, ki so predstavljali osnovo za izdelavo usmeritev pri gospodarjenju z navadno smreko, objavljenih v naslednjem prispevku. In our article, we present the foundation for the preparation of the guidelines for Norway spruce management in Slovenia. We performed several separate analyses following the same goal: to prepare professionally founded and data-supported guidelines for Norway spruce management in Slovenia in the future decades. Thus, in this article, we combined the measurement results of the national forest inventory, spruce increment analysis, species diversity analyses, and overview of the drafts of the forest management regions plans. This article aims to present the results of the four separate data analysis complexes representing the foundation for the preparation of the guidelines in the Norway spruce management, published in the next article.

Na Ljubljanskem Barju v Sloveniji smo opravili dendrokronološke raziskave lesa iz eneolitskega koliščarske naselbine Parte-Iščica. Iz struge reke Iščice smo odvzeli vzorce 1237 kolov iz lesa jesena (Fraxinus sp.), jelše (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.), bukve (Fagus sylvatica L.), jelke (Abies alba Mill.), javorja (Acer sp.), breze (Betula sp.), leske (Corylus sp.), belega gabra (Carpinus betulus L.), topola (Populus sp.), hrasta (Quercus sp.), vrbe (Salixsp.) in bresta (Ulmus sp.). Prevladovali so vzorci jesena, jelše in bukve s 70 %, 9 % in 7 %. Dendrokronološke analize smo opravili na jesenovih, bukovih, hrastovih in jelovih kolih, ki so imeli nad 45 branik. Na osnovi 285 relativno datiranih vzorcev smo sestavili dve jesenovi in eno bukovo kronologijo, dolžin 136, 113 in 105 let. Večje količine lesa, posekanega v istem koledarskem letu, nakazujejo potek gradbenih aktivnosti na kolišču. Po prvih rezultatih radiokarbonskega datiranja uvrščamo koliščarsko naselbino v prvo polovico tretjega tisočletja pred našim štetjem. From the Parte-I{~ica Eneolithic pile dwelling in the Ljubljana Moor, Slovenia, timber was collected for dendrochronological investigations. In the river bed of the I{~ica river samples were selected from 1237 vertical piles of ash (Fraxinus sp.), alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.), beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.), fir (Abies alba Mill.), maple (Acer sp.), birch (Betula sp.), hazel (Corylus sp.), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.), poplar (Populus sp.), oak(Quercus sp.), willow (Salix sp.), and elm (Ulmus sp.). Those of ash, alder, and beech predominated with 70 %, 9 %, and 7 % respectively. Samples ofash, beech, oak, and silver fir containing more than 45 tree-rings were usedfor tree-ring analyses. 285 samples were cross-dated and three floating chronologies, two of ash and one of beech, were constructed. Their length was 136, 113, and 105 years. The large amount of timber cut in the same calendar year provides information on building activities on the site. The first 14C dates indicate that the pile dwelling existed in the first half of the 3rd millennium BC.

Analizirali smo rast duglazije (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in smreke (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) na produktivnem rastišču na Pečovniku pri Celju. Analizirane duglazije so bile nekoliko mlajše od smrek (67 proti 71 let) in so nekoliko bolje priraščale (4,57 mm proti 3,26 mm na leto). Podnebni odziv duglazije na produktivnem rastišču je bil zelo izrazit. Na debelinski prirastek so statistično značilno vplivale nadpovprečne temperature v februarju in marcu, ter nadpovprečne padavine v juliju. V primerjavi s smreko je podnebni odziv duglazije časovno stabilen in bistveno izrazitejši. Analiza značilnih let je pokazala, da so negativna značilna leta pri duglaziji vedno povezana z zelo hladnim vremenom v februarju in marcu, pozitivna pa z nadpovprečnimi temperaturami v istih dveh mesecih. Poletne padavine imajo pomembnejšo vlogo pri duglaziji le v zadnjih treh desetletjih, pred tem pa ne. To nakazuje, da na sicer zelo produktivnem rastišču nastaja potencialno pomanjkanje vode, kar lahko na dolgi rok, ob trendih podnebnih sprememb, vodi v sušni stres in slabšo rast duglazije. We analysed the growth of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) at a productive site in Pečovnik near Celje. The analysed Douglas firs were slightly younger than spruces (67 vs 71 years) and grew slightly better (4.57 mm vs 3.26 mm per year). The climatic response of Douglas fir on the productive site was very pronounced. The radial increment was statistically significantly influenced by above-average temperatures in February and March and above-average precipitation in July. Compared to spruce, the climatic response of Douglas-fir is temporally stable and significantly more pronounced. Analysis of pointer years has shown that negative pointer years in Douglas-fir are always associated with very cold weather in February and March and positive years with above-average temperatures in the same two months. Summer precipitation has played a more important role in Douglas-fir only in the last three decades, but not before that. This suggests a potential lack of water in an otherwise very productive site that could lead to drought stress and poorer growth of Douglas-fir in the long term, given climate change trends.