Search

Mosaic, like all other branches of art, is one of the most important aesthetic ties that human beings establish with the world. When we look at the mosaic, we can see the changing traces of the past and relive the time that has been forgotten for a long time. Mosaic is an eternal art that has endured natural conditions such as wind and rain and has survived to the present day with slight damages. This study was carried out in three stages. First, the stone tessera of the Soteria mosaic were color analyzed using the portable Color Detector X-Rite CAPSURE precision color measuring instrument. The tesserae were then analyzed using the Energy Dispersive Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer device, which is a non-destructive method for quantitative analysis of its elements. In the next stage, petrographic analysis was performed in laboratory environment to determine the rock type and minerals of 10 stone tessera belonging to the Soteria mosaic. As a result, the examination of the qualities and contents of the materials used in the mosaics; By establishing a connection between the past, present and future, it will be able to make important contributions in revealing the reasons why the mosaics have survived to the present day.

Tile is known as a handicraft based on the production of items such as vases, jugs and pots by shaping the soil after cooking. It is defined as the covering material processed with colorful décor and motifs used in the decoration of items such as tiles, ceramics, porcelain plates and china making in the goods processed with the help of this material. In this study, 7 Light Blue Glaze, 7 Navy Blue Glaze and 8 Unglazed Tile belonging to Zeynel Bey Tomb, a total of 22 tiles were analyzed in Hasankeyf Cultural Park where the tomb was moved with P-EDXRF. As a result; The chemical contents of the 22 samples we examined on site were determined and compared with the previous studies. It was determined that the results obtained were compatible., Çini toprağın pişirildikten sonra şekil verilerek vazo, sürahi, kap-kacak gibi eşyaların üretilmesine dayalı el sanatı olarak bilinmektedir. Fayans, seramik, porselen tabak gibi eşyaların süslenmesinde kullanılan renkli dekor ve motiflerle işlenmiş kaplama malzemesi ve bu malzeme yardımı ile işlenmiş eşyalarda çinicilik olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Zeynel Bey Türbesine ait 7 adet Açık Mavi Sır, 7 adet Lacivert Sır ve 8 adet Sırsız Kiremit olmak üzere toplamda 22 adet Çini’nin P-EDXRF ile Türbenin taşındığı Hasankeyf Kültürel Parkta yerinde analiz yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; yerinde incelediğimiz 22 adet numunenin kimyasal içerikleri belirlenip daha önce yapılmış olan çalışmalar ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçların uyumlu olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Batman Müzesi’ne satın alma yoluyla gelen ve Artuklular dönemine ait olan bir grup sikkenin Enerji Dağılımlı Taşınabilir X-Işını Floresans Spektrometresi (P-EDXRF) ile analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yerinde analiz ve tahribatsız bir yöntem özelliğinde olan P-EDXRF tekniği ile sikkelerin bileşimlerinde olan element oranları tespit edilmiştir. P-EDXRF analiz sonucuna göre ana element olarak % 97.24 oranında bakır, eser düzeyde %0.926 kurşun, %0.462 demir, % 0.347 silisyum ve % 0.210 fosfor içerdiği tespit edilmiştir.P-EDXRF analiz sonuçlarına göre sikkelerin sahte olmadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Artuklular, sahip oldukları konumdan dolayı birçok kültürden etkilenmiş, bu durum ekonomik hayatlarına da yansımıştır. Bu etkileşimin sikkelere de yansıdığı görülmüştür., Analysis of a group of coins belonging to the Artuqid period, which came to the Batman Museum by purchasing, was analyzed with the Energy-Dispersive Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (P-EDXRF). With on-site analysis and P-EDXRF technique, which has a non-destructive method characteristic, the element percentages in the composition of the coins were identified. According to the results of the P-EDXRF analysis, it was identified that it contains %97.24 copper as a main element, trace amount of lead % 0.926, % 0.462 iron, %0.347 siliciumn and %0.210 phosphorus.According to the P-EDXRF analysis results, it was confirmed that the coins were not imitations. Because of their location Artuqids influenced by many cultures, and this condition also influenced their economic life. It has been observed that this interaction is also reflected in the coins.

Üzüm, asma olarak bilinen bir meyvedir. Üzüm yetiştiriciliği alanında Türkiye, dünyada ilk altıda yeralır. Üzüm, gıda endüstrisinde oldukça önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Üzüm çekirdeği, bünyesindekiantioksidanlar yardımıyla, birçok hastalığı önleyici ve bu hastalıkları tedavi etme etkisine sahiptir.Türkiye’de şıra şeklinde yıllık tüketilen üzüm miktarı üretilen toplam üzüm miktarının % 30’dur(735000 ton). Üzümün yaklaşık olarak % 25’ini oluşturan çekirdek, yüksek oranda doymamış zenginantioksidan içerir. Türkiye’de şıra şeklinde tüketilen üzüm tanesinin yaklaşık olarak % 3 – 6’sınıoluşturan (44000 ton) üzüm çekirdeği, atık ile birlikte çöpe atılmaktadır. Tasarımını ve imalatınıöngördüğümüz üzüm sıkma makinesi ile üzüm yetiştiricisinin işinin kolaylaştırılması ve atık ile çöpeatılan üzüm çekirdeğinin ekonomiye kazandırılması hedeflenmektedir. Bu çalışma, üzüm sıkmamakinesi için yapılmış bir ön çalışmadır. İncelenen üzümlerin çekirdek boyutlarına göre üzüm sıkmaişleminde çekirdeği atıktan ayrıştıran eleğin delik çapı ≤2 mm, çekirdek dışında kalan atığı şıradanayıran eleğin çapı ise ≥8.5 mm olmalıdır., Grape is a fruit, called Vitis. Turkey replaces in the first sixth in growing grape, in the world. Grape has a significant place in the food industry. The antioxidants in grape seed have the effect of preventing and treating many diseases. In Turkey, the percentages of grapes, consumed in the form of wort, is about 30 %, annually. The 25 % of grape garbage is seeds. Approximately 3-6 % of grapes seeds (44000 tons) wasted annually. The foreseeing designing and manufacturing the grape squeezing machine will facilitate the work of the grape grower and will achieve the grape seeds to the economy. While the sieve diameter of grape seeds separator, separated the seeds from the garbage of the grape will be less than or equal to 2 mm (≤2 mm), the garbage from the wort is greater than or equal to 8.5 mm (≥8.5 mm), according to the seeds geometrical dimensions, gained.

Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Batman University, 72100 Batman, Turkey E-mail: leventkadir@hotmail.com Manuscript received online 20 October 2020, revised and accepted 31 October 2020 In this study, a simple, fast and sensitive voltammetric method was developed for oxaliplatin (OxPt), which shows anticancer effects with cytotoxic properties. The boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode was activated electrochemically in cathodic direction in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium. Electrochemical properties of OxPt were investigated on BDD electrode surface using square-wave (SW) and cyclic voltammetry techniques. OxPt in Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer (pH 5.0) gave a well-determined voltammetric response at +1.01 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) using the SW voltammetry technique. The developed voltammetric technique was found to be linear with the concentration range of 1.0-3.5 μM in the BR (pH 5.0) medium and the limit of detection was 0.276 μM (0.109 μgmL-1 ). Recommended method was successfully applied to drug forms of OxPt.

Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Batman University, 72100 Batman, Turkey Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Batman University, 72100 Batman, Turkey E-mail: leventkadir@hotmail.com Manuscript received online 20 October 2020, revised and accepted 31 October 2020 In this study, the electrochemical properties and determination of Metformin (MET), which is one of the drugs used as an antidiabetic agent, was carried out using pencil graphite electrode (PGE) in NaOH (0.1 M) medium. This compound gave an irreversible peak of oxidation at about +1.28 V. Using square wave voltammetry in NaOH environment, the current showed a linear correlation with a concentration of 2.76–24.8 ṷM. At a concentration of 2.76 ṷM (n = 9), the limit of detection (LOD) of 9.03 nM (1.495 ng L–1) and a relative standard deviation of 3.25% were calculated. The developed voltammetric method has been successfully applied in pharmaceutical preparations and urine samples for the determination of MET.

Histamin, mide salgısının güçlü bir uyarıcısı olan biyolojik bir amin olup etkili bir nörotransmitterdir[1]. Literatürde biyolojik sıvı ve ilaç şekillerinde desloratadin (DESL) analizi için önerilen elektrokimyasal yöntemlerin temel alındığı teknikleri kullanıldığı birkaç çalışma vardır[2-6]. Bu çalışmada, ikinci nesil antihistaminikler grubundan olan DESL’nin elektrokimyasal özellikleri, Bizmut Film eleketrot (BİFE) kullanılarak sulu ve sulu/yüzey aktif madde çözeltilerinde gerçekleştirildi. Bu bileşik dönüşümlü voltametri ile yaklaşık -1.65 V da tersinmez ve adsorpsiyon kontrollü bir indirgenme piki göstermiştir. Katyonik yüzey aktif madde (setiltrimetilamonyum bromür, CTAB) ilavesinin desloratadinin indirgeme akım sinyalini arttırdığı, anyonik (sodyum dodesilsülfat, SDS) ve iyonik olmayan (Tween 80) yüzey aktif maddelerinin ise ters etki sergilediği bulundu. Linear taramalı adsorptif sıyırma voltametrisi kullanılarak akım, 5 mM CTAB içeren BrittonRobinson tamponunda, pH 8.0'de 0.1 ile 4 µM derişim aralığında doğrusal bir bağıntı göstermiştir(Şekil 1). Şekil 1. 0.1- 4 μM derişim aralığında BR tampon( pH 8.0 / 5 mM CTAB içeren) ortamında lineer taramalı sıyırma voltametri eğrileri Bu çalışmada geliştirilen yöntem, farmasötik preparatlarda ve idrar örneklerinde herhangi bir ayırma işlemi yapılmadan DESL analizi için başarılı bir şekilde uygulanmıştır.

Metformin(MET), an oral antidiabetic drug commonly used in the treatment of diabetes, is a drug that increases insulin sensitivity in the biguanide group [1]. MET shows its pharmacological effect by lowering the glucose level in the blood. In the literature research, there are studies using electrochemical techniques for the analysis of MET in biological fluid and drug forms[1-6]. In this study, the electrochemical properties of MET, one of the drugs used in the treatment of diabetes, were performed using a pencil graphite electrode in NaOH (0.1 M) solution. This compound was recorded with an irreversible and diffusion controlled adsorption oxidation peak at approximately +1.28 V by cyclic voltammetry. With square wave stripping voltammetry, it was observed that the peak current signals of MET in the concentration range of 2.76-24.8 µM in 0.1M NaOH solution increased linearly. At a concentration of 2.76 µM (n = 9), the limit of detection and relative standard deviation were calculated as 9.03 nM (1.495 ngmL-1 ) and 3.25 %, respectively. This method has been successfully applied for MET analysis in pharmaceutical preparations and urine samples without any separation.

Tütün bitkisi olarak bilinen nikotin türleri (Solanaceae) dünyada en yaygın kullanılan farmasötik bitkilerdir[1]. Miyosmin, çeşitli doğal Nikotin ve ticari tütün çeşitlerinde (Nicotiana tabacum) bulunan yapısal olarak ilişkili küçük alkaloidler olan nornikotin, anabasin, anatabin grubundadır[2]. Nikotin cinsinin tüm üyeleri, tütün bitkileri ve ürünlerinin yaygın insan kullanımından sorumlu olan nikotin üretir[3]. Alkaloid miyosmin sadece tütün ürünlerinde değil aynı zamanda çeşitli yiyeceklerde de mevcuttur. Miyosmin, insan hücrelerinde genotoksiktir ve karsinojenik potansiyele sahip reaktif ara maddeler vermek üzere kolayca nitrozlanır ve peroksidasyona uğrar[4]. Miyosminin prevalansı nedeniyle, risk değerlendirmesi için metabolizması ve aktivasyonu üzerine araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır[5]. Bu çalışmada, tütün alkaloidlerinden Miyosmin tayininde camsı karbon elektrot uygulaması sunulmuştur. Miyosmin´in elektrokimyasal indirgenmesi farklı destek ve geniş bir pH aralığında, CV (dönüşümlü voltametri) ve Diferansiyel Puls Voltametri (DPV) teknikleri ile araştırıldı.

Loratadine, histamine - H1 antihistamine receptors it is being used for many years in the treatment of an allergic condition illustrating the effects on[1]. When the literature is reviewed, there are limited number of studies on Loratadine based on electrochemistry [2-5]. Stripping voltammetry is a very sensitive and selective method for determining drugs and organic / inorganic substances in biological fluids. The electrochemical behavior of Loratadine with BiFE in different supporting electrolyte and pH values, and its performance characteristics in electroanalytical determinations were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep cathodic stripping voltammetry (LS-CSV) methods. LS-CSV measurements on the BiFE surface of 6.5x10-4 M Loratadine in 0.04 M BR buffer (pH 7.0) and 4 mM cationic surfactant (CTAB) were taken between 0.0 V and -2.0 V. Loratadine gave a voltammetric response about at -1.486 V. The limit of detection was found LOD = 1.2x10-7 M* at the BIFE surface at liner concentration range [1.305x10-6 M – 14.3x10-6 M, r = 0,998* (n = 11)]. This voltammetric method, developed under optimum conditions, has been successfully applied to pharmaceutical formulations of Loratadin as fast, easy to apply, sensitive and environmentally friendly.

Various drugs made of metal compounds have been used in many diseases including cancer[1]. Studies on Oxaliplatin in the literature are these [2-6]. Oxaliplatin (OxPt), which is a platinum analogue with anti-cancer effect, was accentuated. OxPt is separated from cisplatin, one of analogues of platinum, by replacing 1,2-diaminocyclohexane with amine groups. In this study, a simple, fast and sensitive voltammetric method was developed for OxPt which shows anticancer effects with cytotoxic properties. The boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode was activated electrochemically in cathodic direction in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium. Electrochemical properties of OxPt were investigated on BDD electrode surface using square-wave and cyclic voltammetry techniques. OxPt in Britton-Robinson(BR) buffer (pH 5.0) gave a well-determined voltammetric response at +1.01 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) using the square-wave voltammetry technique. The developed voltammetric technique was found to be linear with the concentration range of 1.0-3.5 μM in the BR (pH 5.0) medium and the limit of detection was 0.276 μM (0.109 μg mL-1 ). Recommended method was successfully applied to drug forms of OxPt.

Vildagliptin (VLDG), one of the antidiabetic agents, is a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor. It is a drug developed for oral administration[1]. In the literature, there is only one study in which electrochemical methods were used for the analysis of Vildagliptin in biological fluid and drug forms[2]. In this study, the electrochemical properties of VLDG, which is one of the drugs used as an antidiabetic agent, were determined by using pencil graphite electrode in phosphate buffer solution (PBS/pH 9.0). The irreversible and diffusion controlled adsorption oxidation peak was measured by cyclic voltammetry at approximately +1.13 V for this compound. Using square wave stripping voltammetry, the current showed a linear correlation in PBS buffer at pH 9.0, with a concentration range of 2.94 to 49.98 µM. At a concentration of 2.94 µM (n=9), the limit of detection of 8.20 nM (2.48 ng mL-1 ) and a relative standard deviation of 2.95 % were calculated. This method was successfully applied for VLDG analysis without any separation in pharmaceutical preparations and urine samples