The article informs that on April 6, 2005, the Russian government submitted a bill to the Duma (the national parliament) which, if passed, would turn back many of the recent reforms of Russia's drug policy. In December 2003, the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation relating to drug policy were reformed. Those reforms resulted in a humanization and rationalization of Russian drug policy and the introduction of a distinction between drug consumers and drug dealers. The reforms introduced the concept of the average one-time dose to the Criminal Code as the basis for estimation of large and especially large quantities of drugs. These legal reforms, which came into effect in 2004, had a dramatic impact on anti-drug practices: criminal prosecution for buying, possessing, transiting, processing and preparing substances for personal use, became impossible. Following the reforms, about 35,000 prisoners convicted of the drug-related activities were set free. The reforms to the Criminal Code were supported by the Ministry of Justice, the General Prosecutor's Office, the Ministry of Interior and many other Russian and international experts. Despite all of this, the Russian government has now submitted a bill that would remove from the Criminal Code the concept of using an average one-time dose for narcological and psychotropic substances as the basis for estimation of large and especially large quantities of drugs.