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The emergence of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) has broadened the policy scope of fisheries management by accounting for the biological and ecological connectivity of fisheries. Less attention, however, has been given to the economic connectivity of fisheries. If fishers consider multiple fisheries when deciding where, when, and how much to fish, then management changes in one fishery can generate spillover impacts in other fisheries. Catch-share programs are a popular fisheries management framework that may be particularly prone to generating spillovers given that they typically change fishers' incentives and their subsequent actions. We use data from Alaska fisheries to examine spillovers from each of the main catch-share programs in Alaska. We evaluate changes in participation-a traditional indicator in fisheries economics-in both the catch-share and non-catch-share fisheries. Using network analysis, we also investigate whether catch-share programs change the economic connectivity of fisheries, which can have implications for the socioeconomic resilience and robustness of the ecosystem, and empirically identify the set of fisheries impacted by each Alaska catch-share program. We find that cross-fishery participation spillovers and changes in economic connectivity coincide with some, but not all, catch-share programs. Our findings suggest that economic connectivity and the potential for cross-fishery spillovers deserve serious consideration, especially when designing and evaluating EBFM policies.

Many fishers own a portfolio of permits across multiple fisheries, creating an opportunity for fishing effort to adjust across fisheries and enabling impacts from a policy change in one fishery to spill over into other fisheries. In regions with a large and diverse number of permits and fisheries, joint-permitting can result in a complex system, making it difficult to understand the potential for cross-fishery substitution. In this study, we construct a network representation of permit ownership to characterize interconnectedness among Alaska commercial fisheries due to cross-fishery permitting. The Alaska fisheries network is highly connected, suggesting that most fisheries are vulnerable to cross-fishery spillovers from network shocks, such as changes to policies or fish stocks. We find that fisheries with similar geographic proximity are more likely to be a part of a highly connected cluster of susceptible fisheries. We use a case study to show that preexisting network statistics can be useful for identifying the potential scope of policy-induced spillovers. Our results demonstrate that network analysis can improve our understanding of the potential for policy-induced cross-fishery spillovers.De nombreux pecheurs detiennent un portefeuille de permis pour differentes peches, ce qui offre la possibility d'ajuster l'effort de peche sur differentes peches et fait en sorte que les impacts de changements de politiques concernant une peche peuvent se propager a d'autres peches. Dans les regions caracterisees par un grand nombre de permis et de peches varies, les permis conjoints peuvent se traduire par un systeme complexe qui rend difficile la comprehension du potentiel de substitution entre peches. Nous elaborons une representation en reseau de la propriete de permis pour caracteriser l'interconnexion entre les peches commerciales en Alaska decoulant de la delivrance de permis pour differentes peches. Le reseau des peches en Alaska est hautement connecte, ce qui donne a penser que la plupart des peches sont vulnerables a la propagation d'impacts decoulant de chocs sur le reseau, comme des changements de politiques ou aux stocks de poissons. Nous constatons que les peches caracterisees par une proximite geographique similaire sont plus susceptibles de faire partie d'un groupement hautement connecte de peches vulnerables. Nous employons une etude de case pour demontrer que des statistiques preexistantes sur le reseau peuvent etre utiles pour etablir la portee potentielle d'effets de propagation induits par des changements de politiques. Nos resultats demontrent que l'analyse de reseau peut ameliorer la comprehension du potentiel d'effets de propagation entre peches decoulant des politiques. [Traduit par la Redaction], IntroductionMost commercial fishery policies are directed towards a single species in a particular region and caught by a certain gear, even though fishers participate in multiple regions, catch multiple species, [...]

Over the last several years, there have been substantial changes to the harvest regulations governing the Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis, fishery off Alaska, notably in the recreational charier boat fishing sector. One change has involved anglers fishing from charter (for hire) boats being subject to increasingly restrictive harvest regulations that do not apply to other anglers. This article analyzes how the economic values that Alaska resident anglers place on charter and private boat fishing is affected by these regulations, which consist of bag and size limits. This information can be helpful to fishery managers in assessing the tradeoffs in economic benefits associated with different regulatory tools used to manage angler harvest levels. Using stated preference data from a 2012 survey, we estimate panel rank-ordered mixed logit models to estimate the economic value, or willingness to pay (WTP), Alaska resident anglers place on boat-based saltwater fishing trips in the two principal regions in which saltwater fishing occurs, Southeast Alaska and Southcentral Alaska. The results indicate that Alaska resident anglers have strong preferences for private boat fishing in both regions, with mean values ranging from $172 to over $2,000 per trip, depending upon the species targeted, the regulations, and which region the fishing occurred. Our analysis also suggests that Alaska resident anglers place much less value on charter boat fishing trips for halibut in Southcentral Alaska that are subject to the kinds of restrictive bag and harvest restrictions seen in recent years., Introduction Saltwater recreational fishing in Alaska occurs almost exclusively in two regions: Southeast Alaska and Southcentral Alaska (Fig. 1). The primary saltwater fish targeted by recreational anglers in these regions [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2005.02.001 Byline: Daniel K. Lew (a), Douglas M. Larson (b)(c) Keywords: Recreation demand; Monte Carlo methods; Travel cost models; Labor supply; Opportunity cost of time; Joint estimation; Mixed logit; Beach recreation; San Diego Abstract: In this paper, a discrete-choice recreation demand model that explicitly accounts for a stochastic shadow value of time function is proposed. Using data from a survey of San Diego beach users, the stochastic shadow value of time, labor supply, and beach choice are jointly estimated. Results from this joint estimation approach are compared with the familiar two-step approach that estimates labor supply first and uses predicted values of time in the recreational site choice model. The approaches produce markedly different welfare measures, with the two-step model, which does not account for unobserved variability of time values, predicting significantly higher values. A Monte Carlo simulation illustrates how ignoring the stochastic nature of shadow value of time in discrete-choice recreation demand models can bias model parameters, and hence, welfare estimates. Author Affiliation: (a) Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115-0070, USA (b) Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8512, USA (c) Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics Article History: Received 27 May 2004