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Objective To investigate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the substantia nigra of mice with Parkinson’s disease (PD) induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) based on bioinformatics, as well as their role in the pathological and progression of PD. Methods GEO database was used to obtain the gene expression microarray data in the substantia nigra of mice in the normal group and the PD model group, and the bioinformatics method was used to screen for DEGs in the substantia nigra between the normal group and the PD model. Metascape tool was used to perform GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of key functional genes regulating neuronal apoptosis and prion transmission. Results There were 174 upregulated DEGs and 173 downregulated DEGs in the substantia nigra of mice with MPTP-induced PD (P0.26). The upregulated genes were significantly enriched in the pathways regulating prion transmission, neuronal development, iron homeostasis, and export across the plasma membrane, while the downregulated genes were significantly enriched in the pathways regulating synaptic vesicle release, transsynaptic complex transmission, neuronal apoptosis, and actin in cytoskeleton. Compared with the normal group, the PD model group had significant reductions in the expressions of Bdnf and Fbxw7 in the substantia nigra of mice (t=2.25,2.39,P0.05). Conclusion There are significant changes in the key functional genes Bdnf and Fbxw7 that regulate neuronal apoptosis in PD model, which lays a foundation for further clarifying their role in the pathological progression of PD.

Fabrication of glass with complex geocd the low resolution of particle‐based or fused glass technologies. Herein, a high‐resolution 3D printing of transparent nanoporous glass is presented, by the combination of transparent photo‐curable sol–gel printing compositions and digital light processing (DLP) technology. Multi‐component glass, including binary (Al2O3‐SiO2), ternary (ZnO‐Al2O3‐SiO2, TiO2‐Al2O3‐SiO2), and quaternary oxide (CaO‐P2O5‐Al2O3‐SiO2) nanoporous glass objects with complex shapes, high spatial resolutions, and multi‐oxide chemical compositions are fabricated, by DLP printing and subsequent sintering process. The uniform nanopores of Al2O3‐SiO2‐based nanoporous glasses with the diameter (≈6.04 nm), which is much smaller than the visible light wavelength, result in high transmittance (>95%) at the visible range. The high surface area of printed glass objectives allows post‐functionalization via the adsorption of functional guest molecules. The photoluminescence and hydrophobic modification of 3D printed glass objectives are successfully demonstrated. This work extends the scope of 3D printing to transparent nanoporous glasses with complex geometry and facile functionalization, making them available for a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limited pattern area of periodic nanostructures limits the development of practical devices. This study introduces an X-ray interference lithography (XIL) stitching technique to fabricate a large-area (1.5 cm × 1.5 cm) two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) on the YAG: Ce scintillator, which functions as an encoder in a high numerical aperture optical encoding imaging system to effectively capture high-frequency information. An X-ray imaging experiment revealed a substantial 7.64 dB improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) across a large field of view (2.6 mm × 2.6 mm) and achieved comparable or superior image quality with half the exposure dose. These findings have significant implications for advancing practical applications of X-ray imaging.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between content of glycyrrhizic acid and the single nucleotide polymorphism of beta-amyrin synthase (bAS) in Glycyrrhiza uralensis., Method: glycyrrhizic acid content in 80 samples of the cultivated G. uralensis were determined by HPLC; According to the very significant level (P < 0.000 1), 80 samples in accordance with glycyrrhizic acid will be grouped by SAS 9.0; Using RT-PCR strategy to amplification the Open Reading Frame of beta-amyrin synthase with the template of total RNA extracted from roots of G. uralensis and then using DNAman to analyze the relationship between glycyrrhizic acid content and the single nucleotide polymorphism of beta-amyrin synthase (bAS)., Result: There exited two mutation sites 94 bp and 254 bp, G/A conversion occurred at 94 bp site, which belonged to a missense mutation. G/A conversion led to the corresponding amino acid conversion (Gly --> Asp); C/T conversion occurred at 254 bp site, which belonged to a synonymous mutation. According to sequence variation, the samples were divided into four genotypes: G-T genotype, A-T genotype, G/A-C genotype and G-T genotype., Conclusion: A-T genotype, G/A-C genotype and G-T genotype are correlated with the high content of glycyrrhizic acid.