Search

AbstractLet R be a unital ring containing a nontrivial idempotent. In this article, under a mild condition on R, we prove that if a map δ:R→R satisfies δ(Pn(A1,A2,A3,…,An))=∑i=1nPn(A1,…,Ai−1,δ(Ai),Ai+1,…,An) for any A1,A2,A3,…,An∈R with A1A2A3=0 , then δ(A+B)−δ(A)−δ(B)∈Z(R) for any A,B∈R . In particular, if R is a von Neumann algebra with no central summands of type I1 or a factor, then δ(x)=d(x)+τ(x) for all x∈R , where d:R→R is an additive derivation and τ:R→Z(R) is a map vanishing on each (n−1) -th commutator pn(A1,A2,A3,…,An) with A1A2A3=0 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let A and B be two factors with dim A > 4 . In this article, it is proved that a bijective map Φ : A → B satisfies Φ ([ A ∙ B , C ]) = [ Φ (A) ∙ Φ (B) , Φ (C) ] for all A , B , C ∈ A if and only if Φ is a linear ∗ -isomorphism, or a conjugate linear ∗ -isomorphism, or the negative of a linear ∗ -isomorphism, or the negative of a conjugate linear ∗ -isomorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed by a cluster of risk factors that associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We aimed to explore the impact of and interactions between individual metabolic syndrome components on the risk of CHD in Xinjiang.Methods: The baseline population included 7635 participants. The degree to which the components increase the risk of CHD and the multiplicative interactions between them were assessed using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additive interactions were appraised by the relative excess risk due to interaction, synergy index (SI), and attributable proportion of interaction.Results: A total of 304 CHD patients were enrolled from rural residents of Xinjiang. Elevated blood pressure (HR 1.81; 95% CI 1.35-2.44) and elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.38-2.38) increased the risk of CHD after adjustment for confounding factors. We found a positive additive interaction (SI 1.14; 95% CI 0.51-2.51) between elevated blood pressure and elevated FBG, but none were significant. As the number of components increased, the risk of CHD increased. The combinations of [high triglycerides (TG) + low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) + elevated FBG + large waistline] (HR 4.26; 95% CI 1.43-12.73) and [elevated blood pressure + elevated FBG + low HDL-C + large waistline] (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.38-2.38) increased the risk of CHD.Conclusions: We provide evidence that elevated blood pressure and elevated FBG are independent risk factors for CHD and it might be necessary to maintain the normal waistline for preventing CHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a chronic complex disease caused by a combination of factors such as lifestyle behaviors and environmental and genetic factors. We conducted this study to evaluate the risk factors affecting the development of CHD in Xinjiang, and to obtain valuable information for formulating appropriate local public health policies. Method: We conducted a nested case-control study with 277 confirmed CHD cases and 554 matched controls. The association of the risk factors with the risk of CHD was assessed using the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. Multiplicative interactions were evaluated by entering interaction terms in the Cox proportional hazard model. The additive interactions among the risk factors were assessed by the index of additive interaction. Results: The risk of CHD increased with frequent high-fat food consumption, dyslipidemia, obesity, and family history of CHD after adjustment for drinking, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, family history of hypertension, and family history of diabetes. We noted consistent interactions between family history of CHD and frequent high-fat food consumption, family history of CHD and obesity, frequent high-fat food consumption and obesity, frequent high-fat food consumption and dyslipidemia, and obesity and dyslipidemia. The risk of CHD events increased with the presence of the aforementioned interactions. Conclusions: Frequent high-fat food consumption, family history of CHD, dyslipidemia and obesity were independent risk factors for CHD, and their interactions are important for public health interventions in patients with CHD in Xinjiang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphic abstract Highlights • Nano ZnO/ZnS-biochar composites were synthesized from pyrolysis of polluted biomass. • Nano ZnO/ZnS-biochar composites had a well-developed porous structure. • Nano ZnO/ZnS minerals enhanced the sorption capacity of biochar on Pb, Cu, and Cr. Abstract Nowadays, nano mineral modified biochars show a promising adsorption capacity for pollutants removals by combining the advantages of porous structure of biochar and unique property of nano minerals. In this work, nano ZnO/ZnS modified biochar was synthesized from slow pyrolysis of the zinc contaminated corn stover obtained from a biosorption process. The characterization results indicated that the zinc mineral modified biochar had a better porous structure (BET = 397.4 m2 g−1 and TPV = 0.43 cm3 g−1) than the common biochar (BET = 102.9 m2 g−1 and TPV = 0.20 cm3 g−1), and zinc minerals were evenly anchored on the biochar surface as nano ZnO/ZnS. Batch sorption experiments show that the obtained nano ZnO/ZnS modified biochar had strong sorption ability to Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cr(VI) with maximum sorption capacities of 135.8, 91.2 and 24.5 mg g−1, respectively, which were significantly higher than the common biochar (63.29, 27.05 and 15.23 mg g−1, respectively). The adsorption kinetics of heavy metal ions on nano ZnO/ZnS modified biochar were well described by the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption behavior coincided with heterogeneous adsorption materials as reflected by well fitting the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic results indicated that the adsorption process was an endothermic and spontaneous process. Based on the comprehensive characterizations and adsorption performance, the enhancement of the metals removal by the nano ZnO/ZnS modified biochar were mainly attributed to the hydroxyl groups on the surface of nano ZnO/ZnS particles and well-developed porous structure catalyzed by zinc salt during pyrolysis process. These findings suggested that generation of nano mineral modified biochar from heavy metals polluted biomass could be an attractive approach to treating and utilizing the waste biomass with a highly technical and economic feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanically robust and macro-porous hydrogels are urgently required for the dynamic removal of heavy metals in wastewater purification field. Herein, a novel microfibrillated cellulose/polyethyleneimine hydrogel (MFC/PEI-CD) with high compressibility and macro-porous structures was fabricated via the synergy of cryogelation and double-network for Cr(VI) adsorption from wastewater. MFCs were pre-cross-linked by bis(vinyl sulfonyl)methane (BVSM) and then formed double-network hydrogels with PEIs and glutaraldehyde below freezing. The SEM showed that the MFC/PEI-CD possessed interconnected macropores with an average pore diameter of 52 μm. Mechanical tests indicated a high compressive stress of 116.4 kPa at 80 % strain, which was 4 times higher than the corresponding MFC/PEI with a single-network. The Cr(VI) adsorption performance of MFC/PEI-CDs was systematically investigated under different parameters. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process was well described by the pseudo-second-order model. Isothermal adsorption behaviors accorded well with Langmuir model with the maximum adsorption capacity of 545.1 mg/g, which was superior to most adsorption materials. More importantly, the MFC/PEI-CD was applied to dynamically adsorb Cr(VI) with the treatment volume of 2070 mL/g. Therefore, this work demonstrates that the synergy of cryogelation and double-network is a novel method for preparing macro-porous and robust materials with promising heavy metal removal from wastewater. • Synergy of cryogelation and double-network is developed to fabricate robust and macro-porous MFC/PEI hydrogels. • Roles of preparatory steps in elastic hydrogels are investigated. • Double network improves the mechanical strength of MFC/PEI hydrogels. • The MFC/PEI hydrogel reveals a record-high Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of 545.1 mg/g. • The MFC/PEI hydrogel-packed column can remove Cr(VI) continuously with the treatment volume of 2070 mL/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let A and B be two factor von Neumann algebras. For A,B∈A, define by [A,B]* = AB − BA* the skew Lie product of A and B. In this article, it is proved that a bijective map Φ:A→B satisfies Φ([[A,B]*,C]*) = [[Φ(A),Φ(B)]*,Φ(C)]* for all A,B,C∈A if and only if Φ is a linear *-isomorphism, or a conjugate linear *- isomorphism, or the negative of a linear *-isomorphism, or the negative of a conjugate linear *-isomorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let B(H) be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on a complex Hilbert space H and 𝓐 ⊆ B(H) be a von Neumann algebra with no central summands of type I1. For A, B ∈ 𝓐, define by A ∙ B = AB+BA∗ a new product of A and B. In this article, it is proved that a map Φ: 𝓐 → B(H) satisfies Φ(A ∙ B ∙ C) = Φ(A) ∙ B ∙ C+A ∙ Φ(B) ∙ C+A ∙ B ∙Φ(C) for all A, B,C ∈ 𝓐 if and only if Φ is an additive *-derivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let $${H}$$ be a complex Hilbert space of dimension greater than $${3}$$ . We show that every surjective 2-local $${*}$$ -Lie isomorphism $${\Phi}$$ of $${B(H)}$$ has the form $${\Phi=\Psi+\tau}$$ , where $${\Psi}$$ is a $${*}$$ -isomorphism or the negative of a $${*}$$ -anti-isomorphism of $${B(H)}$$ , and $${\tau}$$ is a homogeneous map from $${B(H)}$$ into $${\mathbb{C}I}$$ vanishing on every sum of commutators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel approach is developed to fabricate robust MFC cryogels by using freezing-induced chemical crosslinking. • The chemical cross-linking mechanism behind the freezing process has been investigated in detail. • The obtained MFC cryogels present excellent mechanical performance and outstanding chemical stability under harsh conditions. • The PEI-MFC cryogel reveals a record-high bilirubin adsorption capacity of 351.49 mg/g at the present of 40.0 g/L BSA. • The cryogel-packed column can remove bilirubin continuously under simulated perfusion conditions. Construction of robust polysaccharide-based cryogels that can efficiently adsorb bilirubin is of great significance in blood purification field. However, the crosslinking of polysaccharides usually occurs before the formation of enough large ice crystals, which leads to the weak mechanical strength and relatively small pores. Herein, a novel approach is presented to fabricate microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) cryogels by using freezing-induced Michael addition reaction at −12 °C. Due to the extrusion by ice crystals and cryo-concentrated pH increase during the cryogelation process, the chemical crosslinking between bis(vinylsulphonyl)methane (BVSM) cross-linker and close contact MFCs was activated. The obtained MFC cryogels exhibit excellent mechanical strength and outstanding chemical stability under harsh conditions. Subsequently, the MFC cryogels were decorated with polyethyleneimine (PEI), bestowing them with the capability of adsorbing bilirubin. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of the resulting PEI-MFC cryogel was investigated by acute hemolysis test, MTT assay, blood coagulation experiment, along with the adhesion experiment of platelets and red blood cells, demonstrating good cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility. Finally, the adsorption performances of PEI-MFC cryogels for bilirubin in PBS and biological solution were evaluated. The PEI-MFC cryogel can efficiently adsorb bilirubin from 40.0 g L−1 bovine serum albumin solution, with a record-high adsorption capacity of 351.49 mg g−1. More importantly, the PEI-MFC cryogel could also maintain high dynamic adsorption efficiency in self-made hemoperfusion devices. This facile approach provides a new avenue to develop cellulose-based high-performance hemoperfusion adsorbent for the removal of bilirubin, showing a great promise for the translational therapy of hyperbilirubinemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extending the notion of Haagerup property for finite von Neumann algebras to the general von Neumann algebras, the authors define and study the (**)-Haagerup property for C*-algebras in this paper. They first give an answer to Suzuki's question (2013), and then obtain several results of (**)-Haagerup property parallel to those of Haagerup property for C*-algebras. It is proved that a nuclear unital C*-algebra with a faithful tracial state always has the (**)-Haagerup property. Some heredity results concerning the (**)-Haagerup property are also proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Letbe the algebra of all bounded linear operators on a complex Hilbert spaceandbe a von Neumann algebra without central abelian projections. Letbe a non-zero scalar. In this paper, it is proved that a mappingsatisfiesfor allif and only ifis an additive *-derivation andfor all [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Let 𝒩 be a nontrivial nest on a Banach spaceXover the complex field ℂ, assume that there exists a nontrivial element in 𝒩 which is complemented inX. Let Alg 𝒩 be the associated nest algebra. In this article, we show that if δ is a Lie triple derivable mapping from Alg 𝒩 intoB(X) then for anyA, B ∈ Alg 𝒩 there exists a λA,B(depending onAandB) in ℂ such that δ(A + B) = δ(A) + δ(B) + λA,BI, and δ = D + τ, whereDis an additive derivation from Alg 𝒩 intoB(X) and τ is a mapping from Alg 𝒩 into ℂIsuch that τ(A + B) = τ(A) + τ(B) + λA,BIand τ([[A, B], C]) = 0 for allA, B, C ∈ Alg 𝒩. We also show that if δ is a Jordan derivable mapping from Alg 𝒩 intoB(X) then δ is an additive derivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Let and be two factor von Neumann algebras. For , define by the new product of A and B. In this article, it is proved that a not necessarily linear bijective mapping satisfies for all if and only if Φ is a ∗-ring isomorphism. In particular, if the von Neumann algebras and are type I factors, then Φ is a unitary isomorphism or a conjugate unitary isomorphism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The metal mineral has a complex influence on the thermal decomposition of biomass due to the sophisticated structure of biomass and parallel reactions. Therefore, the influencing mechanisms of metal minerals on biomass decomposition kinetic expressions needed to be thoroughly investigated. In this study, the decomposition of the three major components of biomass was considered separately. The iso-conversional method and integral master-plots method based on thermogravimetry were firstly introduced to explore the kinetic model changes after the introduction of zinc mineral. The thermogravimetric results showed that the presence of zinc mineral had discrepant influences on different biomass components, demoting the fragmentation of hemicellulose while promoting cellulose degradation. In the kinetic analysis, the presence of zinc mineral, the activation energy of three pseudo-components (91.90, 184.64 and 210.91 kJ mol−1) increased to 178.84, 299.05, and 359.45 kJ mol−1, respectively. The kinetic models were altered from 2.0-order reaction (F2.0) for hemicellulose, random nucleation (A1.8) for cellulose, and 2.3-order reaction (F2.3) for lignin to F2.8, F3.0, and F3.2, respectively. This indicated that the zinc mineral was beneficial to the occurrence of multimolecular repolymerization of the primary degradation products. In products analysis, the increment of biochar yields and the C4–C5 products of cellulose (especially furfural) in metal-polluted biomass pyrolysis were detected, which confirmed the simulated reaction mechanisms. The obtained results are expected to provide a mechanism reference to practical applications of metal-contaminated biomass. Image 1 • Effect of zinc mineral contaminated in corn on the thermal decomposition was studied. • The zinc mineral promoted cellulose decomposition via change the hate transfer. • The altered kinetics of components indicated the change of decomposition pathway. • Zinc mineral promoted repolymerization of degradation C4–C5 products to form char. • The presence of zinc mineral also acted as catalyst and selectively produced furans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, it is shown that if T=Tri(A,M,B) is a triangular algebra and ϕ is an additive operator on T such that (m+n+k+l)ϕ(T2)-(mϕ(T)T+nTϕ(T)+kϕ(I)T2+lT2ϕ(I))∈FI for any T∈T, then ϕ is a centralizer. It follows that an (m,n)- Jordan centralizer on a triangular algebra is a centralizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let A be a CSL subalgebra of a von Neumann algebra acting on a Hilbert space H. It is shown that any Jordan (α,β)-derivation on A is an (α,β)-derivation, where α,β are any automorphisms on A. Moreover, the nth power (α,β)-maps on A are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A pressure-assisted sintering treatment was developed for treating MSWI fly ash; • The mechanical properties and heavy metal leaching behavior were greatly improved; • A high-strength product was produced from fly ash sintered at a low temperature; • Surface diffusion and grain boundary diffusion were the main sintering mechanisms. Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash disposal is an urgent task with some technical bottlenecks. In this study, a novel pressure-assisted sintering method was employed to treat the MSWI fly ash. A series of pressure-assisted sintering experiments were carried out by varying mechanical pressures and sintering temperatures, and their properties of compressive strength, density and heavy metals leaching behavior were determined to screen out the optimal conditions. Instrumental analysis of XRF, SEM, XRD and TEM-EDX and calculation kinetics were conducted to explore the enhancement mechanism of pressure-assisted sintering. With the help of mechanical pressure, a high-strength ceramic product was produced from MSWI fly ash sintered at a low temperature (400 °C), which never occurred in the conventional low-temperature sintering process. Maximum compressive strength of 218.30 ± 4.08 MPa was obtained at 400 °C and 100 MPa, which was much higher than conventional construction materials of brick and cement. In addition, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals obtained from pressure-assisted sintering process were lower than the standard limitation. The SEM and XRD results revealed that the increased mechanical properties and the decreased heavy metals leaching concentration were mainly attributed to the increased density and crystalline degree. The kinetics calculation results indicated that the sintering activation energy was much lower than the sintering process without pressure, suggesting surface diffusion and grain boundary diffusion were main sintering mechanisms in the pressure-assisted sintering process. These findings proved that pressure-assisted sintering could be a promising method to treat fly ash together with producing high-value building materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) can promote the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to examine the association of MS and its components with CVD, to further prevent and control CVD in Kazakhs.Methods: In the cohort study, a total of 2644 participants completed the baseline survey between April 2010 and December 2012.The follow-up survey was conducted from April 2016 to December 2016 and was completed by 2286 participants (86.46% follow-up rate). Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of each component and the number of combinations of MS components on the development of CVD.Results: A total of 278 CVD patients were enrolled from rural residents of Xinjiang. The average age of the MS and non-MS groups was 46.33 and 38.71 years, respectively. Independent associations with CVD were found for elevated blood pressure (BP) (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) [aHR] = 1.50,95%confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-2.08), elevated waist circumference (WC) (aHR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.19-2.15), and elevated triglycerides (TG) (aHR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.04-2.01). Participants with one to 5 MS components had an increased HR for developing CVD, from 1.82to 8.59 (P for trend < 0.001), compared with those with no MS components. The risk of developing CVD increased when TG and WC coexisted (aHR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.54-3.04)), when TG and BP coexisted ((aHR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.32-2.79), and when WC and BP coexisted (aHR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.33-2.82)). However, no significant interactions were found between BP, WC, and TG.Conclusions: Elevations of BP, WC, and TG were independent risk factors for CVD in Kazakhs. Control of these factors is important to prevent CVD in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The heavy residue can be used as a novel precursor for preparing porous carbon; • The pore structure can be adjusted by magnesium acetate dosage. • The carbon prepared showed maximum methylene blue adsorption capacity of 843.5 mg/g at 298 K. A simple and regulatable strategy was proposed to synthesis hierarchical porous carbon from heavy residue of waste tire derived pyrolytic oil (TPO). Magnesium acetate powder was adopted as a pore creator and adjustor which was mixed with heavy residue and tetrahydrofuran (THF) by grinding. Subsequently, the various pore structure carbons were obtained after evaporation, carbonization and MgO removal. The change in pore size was significantly observed with the magnesium acetate dosage. In this method, the addition of magnesium acetate could result in higher carbon yield. Remarkably, the carbon prepared at optimum condition exhibited higher specific surface area and micro-mesopore structure leading to an excellent performance towards dye contaminant removal. The prepared porous carbon sample exhibited best adsorption capacity (843.5 mg/g) at 298 K for methylene blue (MB). Furthermore, the effect of pH and temperature on adsorption capacity of prepared porous carbon were also investigated. The adsorption process of MB onto porous carbon was favorable according to the Freundlich model parameter (1/ n < 0.5). This study highlighted a great potential of using the heavy residue of TPO as a low-cost precursor for porous carbon and simultaneously offered a value-added way to treat the heavy residue of waste tire derived pyrolytic oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Surfactant alone seriously inhibited the activity of anaerobes. • Lipid waste could relieve the inhibitory effect of surfactant. • Lipid waste was helpful for the recovery of SDS inhibited anaerobic digestion. • Interaction between surfactant and lipid was the mechanism of the antagonistic effect. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic effects of lipid on surfactant inhibition in anaerobic digestion. The preliminary results indicated that the typical surfactant of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) exerted a strong inhibitory effect on anaerobic digestion with IC 50 of 80 mg/L. Interestingly, the presence of lipid (soybean oil) effectively alleviated the SDS inhibition with an antagonistic enhancement. Gompertz model fitting results indicated that in the presence of 0.5 g/L, 1.0 g/L and 1.5 g/L of soybean oil (SO), the lag phases (λ) were shorten to 78 ± 8%, 25 ± 5% and 15 ± 0%, respectively, and the maximum CH 4 production rates (R max) were increased to 153 ± 7%, 161 ± 9% and 199 ± 0%, respectively. On the other hand, the presence of surfactant enhanced the degradation of lipid. In addition, the supplementing of lipid in late stage was found to be effective to recover the activity of surfactant-inhibited anaerobic digestion. Microbial analysis showed that SO enhanced the growth of syntrophic bacteria of Proteobacteria and acetoclastic methanogens of Methanosaeta. The antagonistic mechanism might be ascribed to the interaction between surfactant and lipid which obstructed the adsorption of surfactant onto cells, and thereby relieving the surfactant inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression had been found to be effective in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms in breast cancer survivors. It is not known whether CBT for depression would also improve insomnia and quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to investigate whether CBT for depression would improve insomnia and QOL in a randomized controlled multicenter trial. Patients and methods: In this study, breast cancer survivors (n=392) were randomly allocated to the following three groups: CBT (n=98), self-care management (SCM, n=98), and usual care (UC, n=196) in a ratio of 1:1:2. CBT and SCM received a series of nine sessions for 12 weeks, whereas UC received UC only. Insomnia and QOL were evaluated using Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) questionnaire at baseline, 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Results: There was a significant intergroup difference in AIS and FACT-B scores (both P [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The chemical species and transformation process of Cl in fly ash were investigated; • The distribution of chloride was affected by microstructure transition; • Chloride transformed into a stable form during pressure-assisted sintering. High chloride content in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is a critical restriction for the recycling and re-utilization due to the acceleration of the corrosion process in construction material. Therefore, the investigation of chloride distribution and transition behavior in fly ash is of great significance. In this study, the distribution and chemical species of chloride in fly ash were first analyzed through varying mechanical pressures (10, 30, 50, 70, and 100 MPa) and sintering temperatures (300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C) during the pressure-assisted sintering process. Instrumental analyses of SEM-EDX, element mapping, XPS, XRD and chloride leaching concentration were conducted to explore the chloride transition behavior. The results suggested that chlorides were homogeneously distributed on the surface of fly ash particles, which was significantly influenced by the microstructure change during the pressure-assisted sintering process. In addition, the chloride migration was enhanced by the pore shrinkage under different mechanical pressures and the increased atomic mobility at various temperatures. The mineral results showed that the main crystals in raw fly ash were NaCl, KCl and CaClOH, and the minerals were transformed into more complex and stable crystal phases, such as Ca 10 (Si 2 O 7) 2 SiO 4 Cl 2 (OH) 2 and Ca 10 (SiO 4) 3 (SO 4) 3 Cl. The transformation of chloride from soluble salts to stable Cl-containing minerals is beneficial to the immobilization of chloride, which suggested that pressure-assisted sintering could effectively decrease the chloride leaching concentration. This study provides a further understanding of chloride transition and distribution behavior during pressure-assisted sintering treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal behavior of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is extremely complicated due to the simultaneously occurred reactive processes and the products with different chemical compositions, therefore, the investigation of chemical compounds transition behavior and mechanism during the integrated thermal process is of great significance. In this study, the macro-thermal treatment of fly ash and thermo-gravimetric analysis via non-isothermal methods were carried out and Málek method was firstly introduced to explore the mechanism of multi-step reaction for fly ash. The mineral transition results suggested that the halite, sylvite in the raw fly ash transformed to more complex crystals in treated samples, such as chlorellestadite, polyhalite and enstatite during the thermal process. And the heavy metals leaching concentration decreased with the temperature increased from 300 °C to 1200 °C, and the leaching values were lower than the standard limitation after thermal treatment. In addition, three major steps of fly ash reactions (300–380 °C, 650–750 °C and 890–1130 °C) during the thermal process were observed and expressed by first order reaction for the first step, three-dimensional diffusion for the second step and three dimensions of limiting surface reaction between both phases for the third step, respectively. The kinetic study revealed that the mineral transition process was in well accordance with the simulated reaction mechanism during the thermal treatment. The obtained results are expected to provide the research basis for studying detailed thermal characteristics and reaction mechanism during the thermal treatment of MSWI fly ash. Image 1 • The integrated thermal behavior of MSWI fly ash thermal treatment was investigated. • Reaction mechanism determined by Málek method was identified as F1, D3, and R3. • The results provided integrated thermal behavior and reaction mechanism of fly ash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibacterial properties of norfloxacin (NOR) could cause adverse impact on engineered biological process. In this study, the objective was to investigate the inhibitory effects of NOR on anaerobic digestion focusing on the recoverability and microbial community changes. The effects of different concentrations of NOR on anaerobic digestion were studied with three continuous feed cycles. Results showed that NOR seriously inhibited the methane production with an 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of 0.41 mM. In addition, with extending of exposure time, inhibitory effect increasingly strengthened and the IC 50 values decreased to 0.16 mM and 0.07 mM in the second and third feeding cycle, respectively. However, when the inhibitor in supernatant was removed, the performance recovered and the relative methane yield increased by 9 times from 25.38 mL/g VS to 257.05 mL/g VS. The transformation of NOR showed that the degradation of NOR in the anaerobic digestion was difficult and the recovery was due to the removal of NOR. The microbial analysis revealed that the inhibition of NOR on bacteria of Candidatus _ Cloacimonas , Petrimonas , Ercella , Sphaerochaeta and hydrogenotrophic methanogens of Methanoculleus and Methanobacterium was recoverable when NOR was removed. However, it was irreversible for acetoclastic methanogen of Methanosaeta. These findings provided comprehensive understanding on the characteristics of NOR inhibition and also provided feasible strategy to recover the NOR inhibited anaerobic digestion. Unlabelled Image • Inhibition of NOR became more serious with prolonged exposure time. • With removal of NOR in supernatant, the activity of methanogenesis was recovered. • NOR was difficult to be degraded under the examined anaerobic digestion conditions. • NOR decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Methanosaeta. • The relative abundance of Methanosaeta did not recover when the NOR was removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Co-existed SDS played antagonistic effect on ZnO NPs-inhibited anaerobic digestion. • Co-existed SDS enhanced growth of Methanothrix , Methanosarcina , Methanobacterium. • Adsorption of SDS on ZnO NPs resulted in charge reversal from positive to negative. • The co-existence of SDS reduced the bio-toxic Zn2+ release. • Interaction between ZnO NPs and SDS was the mechanism of antagonistic effect. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic effect of emerging pollutants of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on anaerobic digestion and explore their potential mechanism. The results indicated that at a low inhibitory concentration of ZnO NPs (1.0 mM), the practical co-inhibition was decreased by 24% and 18% in co-existence of 50 mg/L SDS and 300 mg/L SDS, respectively. More importantly, the co-existence of 300 mg/L SDS greatly enhanced methanogenesis of organics in seriously inhibited case (2.0 mM of ZnO NPs). The microbial community analysis showed that co-existed SDS enhanced the growth of Methanothrix , Methanosarcina and Methanobacterium. The antagonistic enhancement could be attributed to the net charge reversal, partially agglomeration of ZnO NPs and/or reduction of Zn2+ release in the presence of SDS. These findings could provide useful information for evaluating the co-inhibition of SDS and ZnO NPs on biological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Soybean oil-derived LCFAs caused strong inhibition on biomethanization. • The mixed LCFAs enhanced acidogenesis but inhibited methanogenesis. • Hydrogenation of linoleic acid was easy, but subsequent mineralization was limited. • LCFAs inhibition was recoverable physical hindering effect other than bactericidal. In China, as a popular cooking oil, a huge amount of waste soybean oil is discharged through household wastewater or food debris. In widely used anaerobic process, a mixture of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) is readily generated from waste soybean oil, and could exert adverse impacts on anaerobic digestion. In this study, soybean oil-derived mixed LCFAs were used as targeted compounds, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate their inhibitory effects and transformation in anaerobic co-digestion with other organics. The soybean oil-derived mixed LCFAs showed strong inhibitory effects on anaerobic digestion of model organic waste with an IC 50 value of 675 mg/L, and no obvious synergistic effects were observed. Furthermore, it was found that the mixed LCFAs exerted differentiated effects on different consortia, where the acidogenesis was enhanced by surfactant effects and acetoclastic methanogenesis were more seriously inhibited. The LCFAs profile indicated that linoleic acid was quickly degraded to oleic acid and palmitic acid, which were accumulated at a high level until most of acetate and butyrate was degraded. In addition, the results of increased extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content and unchanged cell viability suggested that the inhibitory effects of mixed LCFAs were recoverable, physical hindering effects other than bactericidal effects. These findings could provide additional information for anaerobic digestion of lipid rich organic waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]