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17. Characteristics of annual climate resource distribution and utilization for different cropping systems in the south of Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain

Author

Bao-Yuan Zhou, Ming Zhao, Jun-Zhu Ge, Xuefang Sun, Hai-Peng Hou, Wei Ma, Li CongFeng, and Zai-Song Ding

Subjects
Agronomy, Yield (wine), Sowing, Environmental science, Biomass, Dry matter, Plant Science, Multiple cropping, Cropping system, Agronomy and Crop Science, Cropping, Biotechnology, Annual percentage yield
Abstract

Clarifying the characteristics of annual yield, distribution and utilization of climatic resources, and establishing rational quantitative indexes of annual climatic resources distribution for different cropping systems are helpful to provide theoretical basis for further improving annual yield and resource use efficiency in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain. In this study, the experiment was conducted from 2011 to 2015 at Xinxiang, Henan province to analyze the grain yield, biomass, dry matter production energy, and distribution and utilization efficiency of climatic resources under four cropping systems, namely winter wheat–summer maize, winter wheat–summer soybean, double maize and one–season spring maize. There were no differences in the annual grain yield, total biomass, and dry matter production energy between the winter wheat–summer maize and double maize cropping systems, but they were significantly higher than those of the winter wheat–summer soybean and one-season spring maize cropping systems, with an average increase of 45.4%–61.5%, 37.3%–71.3%, and 35.77%–70.7%, respectively. The annual radiation production efficiency, radiation use efficiency of grain and total biomass for double maize and one-season spring maize cropping systems were significantly higher than those of the winter wheat–summer maize and winter wheat–summer soybean cropping systems, with an average increase of 11.8%–66.7% in the annual radiation production efficiency, and 0.13–0.42 and 0.18–0.69 percentage points increase in the radiation use efficiency of grain and total biomass, respectively. The accumulative temperature distribution rate for two seasons of winter wheat–summer maize was 45.6% and 54.4%, respectively, while those of double maize was 51.4% and 48.6%, respectively. The accumulative temperature ratio between two seasons was of winter wheat–summer maize 0.8, while that of double maize was 1.1. Considering both yield and resource use efficiency, winter wheat–summer maize and double maize cropping systems can be used to optimize the layout of planting patterns and support the sustainable development of agricultural production in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain. Furthermore, clarifying the accumulated temperature distribution rate and the accumulated temperature ratio between two seasons is helpful to optimize climate resource distribution, and further improve the yield potential and the resources use efficiency of double cropping system in the Yellow- Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain.

Published
2020

18. Effects of Deep and Shallow Tillage with Straw Incorporation on Soil Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen and Enzyme Activities in Northeast China

Author

Ping Tian, Hongli Lian, Zhengyu Wang, Li Congfeng, Pengxiang Sui, Ying Jiang, and Hua Qi

Subjects
business.product_category, Urease, Geography, Planning and Development, TJ807-830, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, TD194-195, 01 natural sciences, Renewable energy sources, Plough, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ammonium, GE1-350, SOC, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, grain yield, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, Straw, Soil quality, Tillage, Environmental sciences, chemistry, Agronomy, soil enzyme activity, straw return, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, biology.protein, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil horizon, business
Abstract

The characterization of soil physicochemical properties and the resulting soil enzyme activity changes are crucial for understanding the effects of various tillage and straw management techniques on crop grain yield. In 2018&ndash, 2019, we conducted a field micro&ndash, plot experiment to determine the effects of tillage depth and straw management on the soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activity, and maize grain yield. Six treatments were employed, including straw removal (CK), straw mixed with (SM), and straw buried (SB) into the soil under tillage depths of 10 (D10) and 30 cm (D30). The results demonstrated that SM and SB significantly increased the soil nitrate (NO3&ndash, &ndash, N) content and decreased the ammonium (NH4+&ndash, N) content in the 0&ndash, 20 cm soil layer in 2018 relative to CK. SM had greater soil urease (URE) and acid phosphatase (APH) activities in the 0&ndash, 20 cm soil layer, and SB improved the soil APH activity at the 30&ndash, 40 cm depth in both seasons. D30 obtained a lower penetration resistance in the 10&ndash, 40 cm soil profile and higher soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) contents at the 30&ndash, 40 cm soil depth relative to D10. The soil enzyme activity was positively related to the soil nutrient content and negatively related to the soil penetration resistance in the 0&ndash, 20 cm soil layer, particularly in D30. Compared with CK, the grain yield was higher by 2.48&ndash, 17.51% for SM and 7.48&ndash, 24.46% for SB in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The structural equation model analysis suggested that the tillage depth mainly affected the soil penetration resistance (PR) and pH, however, straw management dominantly influenced the soil mineral N levels, leading to other soil property changes and crop production results. In conclusion, straw incorporation with deeper plow tillage might be an optimal straw return approach for soil quality improvement and sustainable maize production in northeast China.

Published
2020

19. Effects of thidiazuron and ethephon on the grain filling and dehydration characteristics of maize in Northeast China.

Author

Li, Lijie, Gu, Wanrong, Zuo, Shiyu, Meng, Yao, Li, Congfeng, Li, Wenhua, Zhang, Zhiyong, and Wei, Shi

Subjects
THIDIAZURON, ETHEPHON, GRAIN harvesting, DEHYDRATION, GRAIN, ABSCISIC acid, CORN
Abstract

A mixture of ethephon (ETH) and thidiazuron (TDZ) (called ETTD) has been proven to effectively reduce maize grain moisture content and improve yield and quality of mechanical grain harvesting, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Field trials were conducted in 852 Farm, Heilongjiang Province, China, in 2017 and 2018, to study the effects of ETH, TDZ and ETTD sprayed on Xianyu335 at 25 days after flowering (appropriate time in the pre-experiment) on grain filling and dehydration characteristics. ETH, TDZ and ETTD significantly accelerated leaf senescence, increased grain, bract, and cob dehydration rates, and decreased grain filling duration and moisture content. TDZ and ETTD significantly increased grain filling rate and auxin (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and abscisic acid (ABA) and decreased gibberellic acid (GA). ETH had no significant effect on ABA and GA, but significantly reduced IAA and ZR in the later period. The grain dehydration rate was significantly negatively correlated with grain filling duration and positively correlated with rates of grain filling and bract and cob dehydration. ETTD significantly decreased the rates of breakage, impurity, and increased mechanical grain harvesting yield. In conclusion, ETTD can be an effective measure to improve yield and quality of maize mechanical grain harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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33. Long-term excessive nitrogen application decreases spring maize nitrogen use efficiency viasuppressing root physiological characteristics

Author

Ren, Hong, Liu, Zheng, Wang, Xinbing, Zhou, Wenbin, Zhou, Baoyuan, Zhao, Ming, and Li, Congfeng

Abstract

Long-term excessive nitrogen (N) application does not increase or even decreases grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE) of maize, in which the roles of root morphological and physiological characteristics are not clear. The goal of this study was to explain the mechanism underlying no increment in grain yield under excessive N application from the perspective of root morpho-physiological characteristics. A 10-year long-term N fertilizer trial was conducted in Jilin Province, Northeast China, growing maize at three N fertilizer levels (zero N, N0; recommended N, N2; and high N level, N4) in 2019, 2020 and 2021. Two widely planted maize genotypes: ‘Xianyu 335’ (XY335) and ‘Zhengdan 958’ (ZD958) were used. Grain yield, N content, root morphology and other physiological characteristics were analyzed to further evaluate the relationships between N uptake, N utilization, plant growth, and root systems under different N treatments. Compared with N0, root biomass, post-silking N uptake and grain yield were significantly improved with increased N input, whereas no significant differences were observed between recommended N and high N. High N application increased root length and root surface area, but decreased root activity (measured by TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) method), nitrate reductase activity and root activity absorbing area regardless of genotypes. Root length and root to shoot ratio negatively contributed to N uptake (by -1.2% and -24.6%), while root surface area, root activity, nitrate reductase activity and root activity absorbing area were positively contributed to N uptake. The interaction effect between cultivar and N application was significant on NUE. XY335 obtained the highest NUE (11.6%) and N recovery efficiency (18.4%) through higher root surface area (23.6%), root activity (12.5%), nitrate reductase activity (8.3%) and root activity absorbing area (6.9%) compared with other treatments. Overall, recommended N application promoted Post N uptake, NUE and grain yield by root surface area and root activity, nitrate reductase activity and root activity absorbing area, while high N application did not increase or even decreased NUE by reducing root surface area, root activity, nitrate reductase activity and root activity absorbing area. Our case study successfully revealed that root surface area, root activity, nitrate reductase activity and root activity absorbing area were the limiting factors of NUE increase under high N application.

Published
2024
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41. Effects of Straw Strip Returning on Spring Maize Yield, Soil Moisture, Nitro-gen Contents and Root Distribution in Northeast China

Author

You De-bao, An JunPeng, Li CongFeng, Zhang Wen-ke, Tian Ping, Sui Peng-xiang, Mei Nan, Xing Jing, and Qi Hua

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Crop yield, chemistry.chemical_element, Plant Science, Straw, Nitrogen, Tillage, Agronomy, chemistry, Spring (hydrology), Soil water, Environmental science, Water-use efficiency, Agronomy and Crop Science, Water content, Biotechnology
Published
2018

47. Effects of Straw-Return Method for the Maize–Rice Rotation System on Soil Properties and Crop Yields.

Author

Han, Yuling, Ma, Wei, Zhou, Baoyuan, Yang, Xiaolong, Salah, Akram, Li, Congfeng, Cao, Cougui, Zhan, Ming, and Zhao, Ming

Subjects
CROP yields, RICE straw, CORN yields, ROTATIONAL motion, SOILS, SOIL density
Abstract

Exploring suitable maize straw-return measures is essential for the new double-cropping system of maize (Zea mays L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation in the middle reaches of Yangtze River in China, which can increase crop yield by improving soil quality. In this study, four straw-return measures were evaluated by investigating the soil bulk density (BD), organic matter (OM), microbial community, and nutrients from 2016 to 2018. The four straw-return treatments were as follows: (1) no straw-return (CK), (2) only rice straw incorporated into the field (M0Ri), (3) both maize and rice straw incorporated to field (MiRi), and (4) maize straw mulched and rice straw incorporated into the field (MmRi). Compared to CK, two-season crop straw-return treatments changed soil microbial community composition, and increased soil total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), mineralized nitrogen (Nmin), available phosphorus (P) and exchangeable potassium (K) in the 0–20 cm soil layer by 3.6%, 63.4%, 38.8%, 12.4%, 39.7%, and 21.6%, respectively, averaged across MmRi and MiRi treatments. In addition, MmRi and MiRi increased annual yield by 9.1% and 15.2% in 2017 and 11.7% and 12.9% compared to CK in 2018, respectively. MmRi exhibited superiority in the soil microbial community, enzyme activities, DOC, MBC, Nmin, available P, and exchangeable K in contrast to MiRi. We concluded that MmRi is the best measure to implement for straw-return in maize–rice rotation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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48. Massive hemoptysis due to multiple bronchial artery aneurysms and multiple aneurysmal dilations: A case report.

Author

Hou Z, Wang J, Peng D, Li C, Yang J, and Wang J

Abstract

Bronchial artery aneurysm (BAA) is a rare but potentially life-threatening clinical entity. Patients with multiple BAAs and multiple aneurysmal dilations are even rarer. In this case report, we will investigate a case of multiple BAAs and multiple aneurysmal dilations arising from 2 right bronchial artery branches presenting with hemoptysis. The patient was successfully treated with transcatheter arterial embolization. We should be vigilant for the possibility of BAA when encountering patients presenting with hemoptysis. Transcatheter arterial embolization is safe and effective to solve this condition.

Published
2017
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