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The interfacial effect is important for anodes of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) to achieve superior lithium-ion storage performance. In this paper, a MoS2/FeS2 heterojunction is synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reaction to construct the interface effect, and the heterostructure introduces an inherent electric field that accelerates the de-embedding process of lithium ions, improves the electron transfer capability, and effectively mitigates volume expansion. XPS analysis confirms evident chemical interaction between MoS2 and FeS2 via an interfacial covalent bond (Mo–S–Fe). This MoS2/FeS2 anode shows a distinct interfacial effect for efficient interatomic electron migration. The electrochemical performance demonstrated that the discharge capacity can reach up to 1217.8 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 200 cycles, with a capacity retention rate of 72.9%. After 2000 cycles, the capacity retention is about 61.6% at 1.0 A g−1, and the discharge capacity can still reach 638.9 mA h g−1. Electrochemical kinetic analysis indicated an enhanced pseudocapacitance contribution and that the MoS2/FeS2 had sufficient adsorption of lithium ions. This paper therefore argues that this interfacial engineering is an effective solution for designing sulfide-based anodes with good electrochemical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It remains challenging to design alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst able to stably operate at ampere-level current density. In this work, we successfully synthesized heterostructured Ni 3 S 2 /Cr 2 S 3 nanosheets on nickel foam (Ni 3 S 2 /Cr 2 S 3 /NF) for high current HER electrocatalysis in alkaline media. As-prepared Ni 3 S 2 /Cr 2 S 3 /NF reaches 0.5 and 1.0 A cm−2 currents at 230 and 333 mV overpotential, respectively. After 50 h test at 0.5 A cm−2, the potential of Ni 3 S 2 /Cr 2 S 3 /NF remained almost unchanged. This impressive HER performance stems from its unique hybridization nature enabled hydrogen spillover, in which Cr 2 S 3 efficiently catalyzes the Volmer step, i.e., water dissociation to generate hydrogen, and the latter further transports to neighboring Ni 3 S 2 via spillover to facilitate the molecular hydrogen formation. This work provides a feasible strategy to synthesize efficient and durable HER catalysts for ampere-level water splitting. • Heterostructured bimetallic sulfide Ni 3 S 2 /Cr 2 S 3 was prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method. • The catalyst exhibits remarkable HER activity under alkaline conditions. • The hydrogen spillover provides an effective way to accelerate multi-step HER through relay catalysis. • The catalyst requires low overpotentials of 333 mV to reach 1000 mA cm−2 with long-term durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hydrogen bond donor (HBD) functionalized poly(ionic liquids) were incorporated into MIL-101 framework through the encapsulation of monomers then copolymerization methods. • HBD functionalized PIL@MIL-101 exhibited excellent affinity to CO 2 , benefitted from the high BET surface area and porous structure of MIL-101 together with the incorporated poly(ionic liquid). • Due to the synergistic effects of multiple functional groups of Lewis acidic Cr sites, HBD groups and nucleophilic Br-, the HBD functionalized PIL@MIL-101 showed efficient catalytic performance for the CO 2 -epichlorohydrin cycloaddition under cocatalyst-free, solventless and mild (70 °C, 1.0 MPa, 2.5 h) reaction conditions. • HBD functionalized PIL@MIL-101 composite showed facile synthesis, easy separation, thermal and recycling stabilities for material candidate in CO 2 capture and conversion. Hydrogen bond donor functionalized poly(ionic liquids) were incorporated into MIL-101 framework for synthesis of composites PIL-R@MIL-101 (R = COOH, OH, NH 2). The effect of different hydrogen bond donors on CO 2 -epoxide cycloaddition reaction was discussed through XPS, NH 3 -TPD characterizations. Thereinto, PIL-COOH@MIL-101 showed efficient catalytic performance in the cycloaddition reaction of CO 2 and epichlorohydrin, 92.7% substrate conversion was obtained under 70 °C, 1.0 MPa, cocatalyst- and solvent-free conditions for 2.5 h. The improved activity was benefited from the synergistic effects of Lewis acidic Cr centers, carboxyl group, and nucleophilic Br-, together with the high surface area (1178 m2/g), and good CO 2 affinity. In addition, PIL-COOH@MIL-101 also showed facile recovery method by easy centrifugation and good recycling stability. Considering the good CO 2 affinity, excellent catalytic performance in CO 2 cycloaddition reaction, better thermal and recycling stabilities, the facilely prepared functionalized poly(ionic liquid)@MIL-101 composite would exhibit promising application prospect in CO 2 capture and conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, titled "[Retracted] MicroRNA-203 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of U251 glioblastoma cells by directly targeting PLD2," was published in Molecular Medicine Reports in 2014. However, it has since been retracted by the journal's editor due to concerns raised by a reader. The reader pointed out that the western blotting data and invasion assay data presented in the article were similar to data from other articles written by different authors at different research institutes. The authors were asked for an explanation but did not respond. The editor apologizes for any inconvenience caused. [Extracted from the article]

A systemic investigation of the substitution and cooperative effects on the P...N π‐hole pnicogen bond were performed via theoretical calculations. The structural and energetic properties of the binary complexes between a series of substituted benzonitrile and PO2F have been examined to study the substitution effect. The stability of the binary complexes increases in the order of CN < Br ≈ Cl < F < H < CH3 < NH2, in which all halogen atoms serve as the electron‐withdrawing substituents. The cooperativity between halogen/triel bond with pnicogen bond were also studied in X...NC‐Ph‐CN...PO2F and Y...Br‐Ph‐CN...PO2F complexes with X = F2, Cl2, Br2, FCl, FBr, BrCl, FCN, ClCN, BrCN, BH3, BF3, and Y = NH3, NH2CH3, NHCH2, HCN. It is found that the mutual effect of the interactions is weakened through the phenyl ring relative to the heterocyclic ring. The molecular electrostatic potential, atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital analysis were carried out to unveil the nature of these interactions. Several linear relationships have been established between the geometric parameters and the interaction energies or some electronic properties of the complexes. The distinct differences for the complexes involving BH3 and their BF3 analogs may be attributed to the greater π electron density on the BF3 moiety, and the underlying reasons are discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rational designed cost-effective material is significant in the field of electric energy storage and microwave absorber. In this work, carbon coated Fe 3 C nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated carbon nanotubes (Fe 3 C@C@CNTs) is delicately constructed through in-situ chemical vapor deposition (CVD) strategy. As a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the Fe 3 C@C@CNTs nanocomposite facilitates electron transport with intensive interfacial interaction, making it an ideal prototype to thoroughly understand the mechanisms of interatomic charge transfer mechanism. As a result, this well-designed Fe 3 C@C@CNTs anode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 1027 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability with 71 % capacity retention at 519 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. Electrochemical kinetic results confirm that the pseudocapacitance contributions reach up to 90.1 % at 1.0 mV s−1, and the higher pseudocapacitance characteristic is ascribed to the multi-dimensional encapsulated by CNT layer and carbon layer. Meanwhile, depending on the peculiar cavity structure and heterogeneous interfaces effects constructed by multi-dimensional encapsulated structure, the minimum reflection loss (RL min) of Fe 3 C@C@CNTs nanocomposite can reach up to −67.63 dB in effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.12 GHz with the optimal matching thickness of 2.28 mm, suggesting its extensive potential application as practical alternative absorber. This domain-limited growth strategy opens a new horizon to achieve multi-functional application and beyond for Fe-based nanomaterial. [Display omitted] • Fe 3 C@C@CNTs is prepared by in-situ chemical vapor deposition method. • The multi-dimensional encapsulated structure can maintain electrochemical activity and increase electronic transmission path. • The heterogeneous interfaces can provide abundant active sites for lithium-ion storage and induce significant interfacial polarization for electromagnetic wave attenuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, we report a study on the strain-tuned optical bandgap, piezoresistive effect and photoresponse of multilayer β-InSe. A redshift of photoluminescence is observed in multilayer InSe under uniaxial tensile strains and the shift rate of the optical gap is 57.7 meV/%. The multilayer InSe shows pronounced piezoresistive effect with a reduced resistance and the calculated gauge factor is 47, which is larger than those of graphene and traditional metal foils. The photoresponsivity of the photodetector is enhanced to 115.9 AW−1 measured at 1.06% uniaxial tensile strain, three times higher than that of a device measured without strain. Our results demonstrate that strain-engineering can effectively modulate electronic and optoelectronic properties of multilayer InSe, opening a door for InSe applications in strain sensors, flexible photodetectors and electronic skin devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, we report a study on the strain-tuned optical bandgap, piezoresistive effect and photoresponse of multilayer β-InSe. A redshift of photoluminescence is observed in multilayer InSe under uniaxial tensile strains and the shift rate of the optical gap is 57.7 meV/%. The multilayer InSe shows pronounced piezoresistive effect with a reduced resistance and the calculated gauge factor is 47, which is larger than those of graphene and traditional metal foils. The photoresponsivity of the photodetector is enhanced to 115.9 AW−1 measured at 1.06% uniaxial tensile strain, three times higher than that of a device measured without strain. Our results demonstrate that strain-engineering can effectively modulate electronic and optoelectronic properties of multilayer InSe, opening a door for InSe applications in strain sensors, flexible photodetectors and electronic skin devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless trace data play an important role in wireless network researches. However, publishing the raw WLAN traces poses potential privacy risks of network users. Therefore, it is necessary to sanitize users' sensitive information before these traces are published, and provide high data utility for wireless network researches as well. Although some existing works based on various anonymization methods have started to address the problem of sanitizing WLAN traces, we find the anonymization techniques cannot provide strong and provable privacy guarantee by analyzing a real WLAN trace dataset. Differential Privacy is the only framework that can provide strong and provable privacy guarantee. However, our analysis shows that existing studies on differential privacy fail to provide effective data utility for query operations on multi-dimensional and large-scale datasets. Aiming at WLAN trace datasets that have unique characteristics of multi-dimensional and large-scale, this paper proposes a privacy-preserving data publishing algorithm which not only satisfies differential privacy but also realizes high data utility for query operations. We prove that the proposed sanitization algorithm satisfies ϵ -differential privacy. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis shows the noise variance in our sanitization algorithm is O (log o (1) n / ϵ 2) which indicates the algorithm can achieve high data utility on large-scale datasets. Moreover, from the results of extensive experiments on an enterprise-scale WLAN trace dataset, we also show that our sanitization algorithm can provide high data utility for query operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A general and efficient synthesis of enantiopure dihydroquinoxalinones has been developed using naturally occurring amino acids as starting materials. The reductive cyclization of N‐(o‐nitroaryl)amino esters was performed by using iron and zinc metal under mild conditions in a water/ethyl acetate mixture. The corresponding dihydroquinoxalinones were obtained in moderate to high yields and high enantiomeric purity, among which 7 new compounds were unprecedented in the literature. A general and efficient synthesis of dihydroquinoxalinones has been developed. The reductive cyclization of N‐(o‐nitroaryl)amino esters was performed by using iron and zinc metal under mild conditions in a water/ethyl acetate mixture. The final products were obtained in moderate to high yields and high enantiomeric purity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • The blue-shifting intramolecular C H...π H-bonds are explored theoretically. • The formation of the H-bonds is confirmed by the atoms-in-molecules (AIM) analysis. • The H-bond energies are estimated to be −0.5∼−2.2 kcal·mol−1 by isodesmic method. • The NBO analysis is used to investigate the origin of the blue-shifting H-bond. • The rehybridization the C H bond are responsible for the blue-shift the C H bond. Abstract The blue-shifting intramolecular C H⋯π hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) in conformer I of 1,3-hexadien-5-yne (13HD5Y) and its halogen-substituted derivatives are explored by theoretical calculations. The geometric analysis indicates that the C H bond in conformer I is shortened in comparison with the non-interacting C H bond, accompanied by the blue-shifts of the C H stretching frequency. The formation of H-bonds is verified by the atoms-in-molecules and noncovalent interaction analysis. The H-bond energies are estimated to be −0.5∼−2.2 kcal·mol−1 by isodesmic reaction method at MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level, which agree with the trends predicted by the geometrical and topological parameters. The results of the natural bond orbital analysis indicate that the origin of the blue-shifting H-bond may be due to the weak π (C C) → σ *(C H) hyperconjugation interaction and the concomitant increasing in the s -character and polarization of C H bond. This research provides a rare theoretical evidence to identify an intramolecular blue-shifting CH⋯π H-bond system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial wireless sensor clouds (IWSCs) are indispensable in industrial applications and can operate in tough industrial environments by using industrial wireless sensor nodes to perceive and control devices. Because wireless sensor nodes are often deployed in unattended, remote-controlled environments, attackers may impersonate legal nodes to change device parameters. Such unexpected events could lead to disastrous consequences. It is difficult for an intrusion detection system to detect such attacks. Therefore, an authentication scheme becomes one of an effective approaches to ensuring security. However, authentication schemes for industrial wireless sensor clouds have not yet been adequately studied. The current approach is only applicable to an authentication scheme based on the shared secret key of the wireless sensor cloud and cannot be applied to a dynamic multiple-keys authentication scheme. Based on this scheme, this paper studies a game-based dynamic multiple-keys authentication scheme. Based on the probability of interception of the key and the leak probability of devices’s operating authorization, the paper sets up an authentication framework for a dynamic multiple-keys game. It also derives the optimal strategy which game players can use to maximize security utility and analyze the evolution process of the trust in the dynamic multiple-keys game. The experimental results show that this approach can successfully improve the security of IWSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irrigated agriculture is very important for securing food production for an increasing population over the next decades. Given scarcity of water resources, optimal irrigation management is needed to reduce water while realizing maximal crop productivity. The new method of integrating soil water content measurements and the Community Land Model (CLM) using sequential data assimilation (DA) is promising to improve the prediction of soil water status and efficiently design irrigation strategies. Soil water content measured by FDR (Frequency Domain Reflectometry) was assimilated into CLM by LETKF (Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter) to improve model predictions. Atmospheric input data from GFS (Global Forecast System) were used to force CLM in order to predict short-term soil water contents. The irrigation amount was then calculated on the basis of the difference between predicted and targeted soil water content over the root zone. During the real-time irrigation campaigns in Picassent (Spain) in 2015 and 2016, there were 6 fields irrigated according the data assimilation-optimization approach (CLM-DA), 2 further fields according the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) water balance method and also 2 fields traditionally according the farmers preference. The required amount of irrigation water for each citrus field was applied by SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition system). Compared with the traditionally irrigated fields by farmers, 24% less irrigation water was needed for the CLM-DA scheduled fields averaged over both years from July to September, while the FAO fields were irrigated with 22% less water. Stem water potential data and soil moisture recordings of the CLM-DA scheduled fields did not indicate significant water stress during the irrigation period. The CLM-DA scheduled fields received less irrigation water than traditionally irrigated fields, but the orange production was not significantly suppressed. Overall, our results show that the CLM-DA method is attractive given its water saving potential and automated approach, ease of incorporation of on-line measurements and ensemble based predictions of soil moisture evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ruthenium phosphides are promising candidates to substitute platinum (Pt) for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) but further boosting their activity is a tremendous challenge. Herein, crystalline/amorphous Ru@RuP core-shell nanoparticle supported on carbon nanotube (Ru@RuP-CNT) was synthesized by controllable surface phosphatization procedure. The resulted Ru@RuP-CNT outperforms its Ru-based rivals and Pt/C catalyst in HER, exhibiting a tiny overpotential of 28 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and marvelous mass activity of 3.24 A mg−1 at 50 mV overpotential in alkaline solution. Further investigations show that electronic interaction between metallic Ru core and amorphous RuP shell tunes the absorption strength of hydrogen to boost the HER activity. This work exemplifies an effective strategy to enhance the electrocatalytic performance via interfacial electronic interaction and may shed light on crystalline/amorphous heterostructured catalysts. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the prosperity of cloud computing, many mobile nodes choose to deliver their certificate by service AP nodes, where each service AP node as a broker is responsible for authenticating virtual resource access with mobile users who are likely to be malicious in the underlying service requests. However, this access control system requires mobile users’ certificate information and may fail due to their privacy. In light of the growing privacy concerns, this paper proposes a certificate-aware framework for online access control system in mobile computing, where users are compensated for their privacy certificate and operation disclosure and are motivated to present more certificate information. In this framework, a broker pays a trust degree to users and virtual authentication coordinators for disclosing more certificate information. This paper models the interactions among virtual authentication coordinators, the authentication broker and mobile users as a three-stage game, where every player aims at maximizing its own utility, and the trust allocation is achieved by G value learning. Numerical results have shown that the proposed certificate-aware framework is effective, as it enables all players to maximize their utilities and improve the degree of the trust of mobile computing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ab initio and dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the van der Waals (vdW) clusters of cis and trans 3-fluoro- N -methylaniline-Ar n (3FNMA-Ar n ) ( n = 1,2) predict that, for cis and trans 3FNMA-Ar 1 clusters, the π-bound geometry with the Ar atom sitting over the ring is the global minimum in both neutral and cationic states, while for cis and trans 3FNMA-Ar 2 clusters, the [π | π]-bound sandwich structure with two Ar ligands occupying nearly equivalent π-bound positions above and below the ring plane is the global minimum. The vibronic spectra of cis and trans 3FNMA-Ar 1 clusters in the S 1 state were recorded by using one-color and two-color resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) techniques, the comparison of which yields an estimate of the binding energy of cluster in the S 1 state. It is found that the linear correlation between the redshift of the S 1 ← S 0 electronic transition energy ( E 1 ) of cluster and the E 1 of the monomer also holds for the Ar clusters of hetero-di-substituted aromatics. By recording the photoionization efficiency (PIE) curves and mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) dissociation spectra of cis and trans 3FNMA-Ar 1 clusters, the ionization energies (IE) and binding energies of clusters in the D 0 state are obtained. The MATI spectra of the cis and trans 3FNMA-Ar 1 cations exhibit significant progressions of the vdW bending mode (b x ), indicating the structural changes of the clusters in the bending coordinate upon ionization. The combination of the three kinds of spectroscopic methods provides the binding energies of cis and trans 3FNMA-Ar 1 clusters in the S 0 , S 1 and D 0 states with good accuracy, and the values estimated by dispersion-corrected DFT calculations compare well with the experimental results. From our studies, the ω B97X-D and TD- ω B97X-D methods using high quality basis set are recommended for studying the intermolecular interaction of such vdW clusters in the ground and excited states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational design of the heterogeneous interfaces enables precise adjustment of the electronic structure and optimization of the kinetics for electron/ion migration in energy storage materials. In this work, the built-in electric field is introduced to the iron-based anode material (Fe2O3@TiO2) through the well-designed heterostructure. This model serves as an ideal platform for comprehending the atomic-level optimization of electron transfer in advanced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As a result, the core-shell Fe2O3@TiO2 delivers a remarkable discharge capacity of 1342 mAh g−1 and an extraordinary capacity retention of 82.7% at 0.1 A g−1 after 300 cycles. Fe2O3@TiO2 shows an excellent rate performance from 0.1 A g−1 to 4.0 A g−1. Further, the discharge capacity of Fe2O3@TiO2 reached 736 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 after 2000 cycles, and the corresponding capacity retention is 83.62%. The heterostructure forms a conventional p-n junction, successfully constructing the built-in electric field and lithium-ion reservoir. The kinetic analysis demonstrates that Fe2O3@TiO2 displays high pseudocapacitance behavior (77.8%) and fast lithium-ion reaction kinetics. The capability of heterointerface engineering to optimize electrochemical reaction kinetics offers novel insights for constructing high-performance iron-based anodes for LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The invasive behavior of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells is an important reason for its poor prognosis. Tumor cells acquire an ability to digest the extracellular matrix and infiltrate the adjacent normal tissue during invasion. Restraining GBM invasion by changing effector molecules can significantly improve the patient's prognosis. MiRNAs are involved in multiple biological functions via suppressing target genes. In this study, we found that miR-106a-5p expression was high in GBM tissues and cells. The data showed an inverse correlation in GBM tissues between the levels of miR-106a-5p and adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC) mRNAs.Additionally, ectopic expression of miR-106a-5pfacilitated the invasion of GBM cells whereas inhibition of miR-106a-5p expression weakened the invasive ability. Numerous transcription factors are downstream effectors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Target prediction databases and luciferase data showed that APC is a new direct target of miR-106a-5p. Importantly, westernblot assays demonstrated that miR-106a-5p can reduce APC protein level and enhance target proteins of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, we hypothesize that miR-106a-5p directly targets APC, resulting in the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our results suggest that miR-106a-5p is involved in the invasive behavior of GBM cells and by targeting APC and activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway, it provides a theoretical basis for developing potential clinical strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ultrathin MOF hybrid nanosheets with 2.5 nm thickness were synthesized. • They demonstrate excellent OER activity and durability in alkaline media. • Their OER performance is associated to their unique structural and compositional properties. Metal-organic framework (MOF) with unique structural ordering and compositional flexibility has inspired tremendous interest for electrocatalysis. However, it remains elusive as how to adjust its structure and composition for enhanced electrocatalytic performance. In this paper we report the synthesis of 2.5 nm thick MOF hybrid nanosheets and their excellent electrocatalytic performance toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER). These nanosheets were composed of sulfide cluster-doped ultrathin Ni/Fe bimetallic MIL-53 MOF, and show excellent alkaline OER activity and durability; it delivers OER current of 50 and 100 mA cm−2 at 234 and 256 mV overpotential, respectively. Its activity does not fade after 70 h operation at 50 mA cm−2. The ultrathin nanosheet structure enables exposing of abundant coordinately unsaturated surface active sites, and the doped sulfide clusters optimize the electronic structure and enhance the electrical conductivity of the nanosheets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of salt and shear force on the stability of the micelle formed by surfactants and polymer are studied using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation method. The research system mainly includes four types of surfactants with different hydrophilic/hydrophobic chain branches and two kinds of polymers with hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties, respectively. The stability of the micelle is studied based on the analyses of the density peak and root mean square (RMS) of polymer chain under different salt and shear force. The calculated results show that the density peak reduced and RMS increased for all surfactants with the salt concentration and shear force increasing, and then indicate that the micelle has a certain degree of deformation. Whereas, the surfactant chain branch has important influence on the deformation extent of the micelle. For hydrophobic polymer, surfactants containing hydrophobic chain branch (T2H2T2) are beneficial to the stability of the micelle. On the contrary, for hydrophilic polymer, the micelle formed by surfactants with stronger hydrophilic nature such as the hydrophilic groups located in the both ends of the molecule (H1T4H1) have the best salt and shear resistance. The results have certain theoretical significance and can provide theoretical support for the selection of surfactants and polymers in practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Four cholate-based pyridinium compounds were synthesized and their binding abilities toward unmodified amino acids were investigated by UV spectroscopy and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. Studies revealed that the recognition process involved hydrogen bonding, electrostatic force, and π–π interaction. The receptor 4a was found to recognize l-tryptophan specifically, and the complex was studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The receptors 4b and 4c showed very little recognition ability toward l-tryptophan, indicating the important role of the benzyl group at pyridinium ring. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Metal free conversion of aryl C:glyph name="sbnd" />C bond through a photochemical rearrangement/oxidation cascade reaction is described. Irradiation of O-acetyl aryloxy benzene derivatives in benzene solution undergoes a unique photochemical rearrangement reaction to afford the ketal compounds, which are sequentially oxidized by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) to yield the diketone compounds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) were applied to study the interaction between netropsin and a 14mer double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The use of a polyacrylamide coated capillary can suppress the electroosmotic flow (EOF) and the adsorption of DNA onto the wall. Better analysis of the DNA was achieved in a coated capillary upon Tris–acetate. In CZE, the peak width broadened due to the affinity interaction between dsDNA and netropsin. In ACE, o-toluic acid, a negatively charged molecule was used as the indicator to monitor the changes of EOF when netropsin was added to the running buffer. The 14mer dsDNA showed different mobilities upon various concentrations of netropsin due to the affinity interaction between the dsDNA and netropsin. The binding constants of this interaction were (1.07±0.10)·105 M−1 calculated from CZE and (4.75±0.30)·104 M−1 from ACE using a Scatchard plot. The binding stoichiometry was 1:1 calculated from CZE which was superior to ACE in this study. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The field of network security is highly concerned with intrusion detection, which safeguards the security of computer networks. The invention and application of intrusion detection technology play indispensable roles in network security, and it is crucial to investigate and comprehend this topic. Recently, with the continuous occurrence of intrusion incidents in virus propagation networks, traditional network detection algorithms for virus propagation have encountered limitations and have struggled to detect these incidents effectively and accurately. Therefore, updating the intrusion detection algorithm of the virus-spreading network is imperative. This paper introduces a novel system for virus propagation, whose core is a graph-based neural network. By organically combining two modules—a standardization module and a computation module—this system forms a powerful GNN model. The standardization module uses two methods, while the calculation module uses three methods. Through permutation and combination, we obtain six GNN models with different characteristics. To verify their performance, we conducted experiments on the selected datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has excellent capabilities, high accuracy, reasonable complexity, and excellent stability in the intrusion detection of virus-spreading networks, making the network more secure and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inert structure and high molding temperature of thermoplastic resin bring new challenges to carbon fiber (CF) sizing agents. Herein, an easily purified semi-aliphatic polyimide (SA-PI) was synthesized as CF sizing agent. The SA-PI has no significant decomposition before 300 °C and a 5% decomposition temperature of 442 °C. Based on the solubility of its polyamic acid ammonium salt, the SA-PI is configured as an aqueous solution for CF sizing. The results show the surface of sized carbon fiber (SCF) is covered with a sizing coating. At the same time, the polar group of the sizing coating increases the surface energy by 28.45%. Compared with bare CF, the tensile strength of SCF is increased by 11.43%, the ILSS and flexural strength of SCF/PEEK increased from 55.71 MPa and 485.34 MPa to68.98 MPa and 523.33 MPa, respectively. In addition, the micro-morphology at the fracture of the composite clearly proves that the sizing agent improves the interface performance of the composites effectively. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient and sustainable Janus catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are highly desirable for future hydrogen production via water electrolysis. Herein we report an active Janus electrocatalyst of amorphous-crystalline cobalt-molybdenum bimetallic phosphide heterostructured nanosheets on nickel foam (CoMoP/CoP/NF) for efficient electrolysis of alkaline water. As-reported CoMoP/CoP/NF consists of amorphous bimetal phosphide nanosheets doped with crystalline CoMoP/CoP heterostructured nanoparticles on NF. It can efficiently catalyze both HER (η = 127 mV@100 mA cm−2) and OER (η = 308 mV@100 mA cm−2) in alkaline electrolyte with long-term durability. Serving as anode and cathode of water electrolyzer, CoMoP/CoP/NF generates electrolytic current of 10, 50 and 100 mA cm−2 at low voltage of 1.50, 1.59, and 1.67 V, respectively. • A Janus catalyst of CoMoP/CoP/NF is synthesized for efficient water electrolysis. • It consists of amorphous bimetal phosphide nanosheets with crystalline nanoparticles. • It efficiently catalyzes both HER and OER in alkaline with excellent durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decomposition of copper(I)–NHC and silver-NHC complexes in solution under air was studied. The Cu(I)–NHCs were oxidized into urea derivatives and hydrolysed into imidazoliums or benzimidazoliums. The decomposition of Ag–NHC with a saturated backbone led to ring-opening product, while the Ag–NHC with an unsaturated backbone led to imidazolium and Ag-bisNHC complex. The effects of steric property, hydrophilicity, and binding energy of NHC to O 2 and H 2 O on the decomposition of Cu(I)–NHC were studied using theoretical calculations. Steric hindrance played an important role on the stability of Cu(I)–NHC. Pathways for the decomposition of Cu(I)–NHC and Ag–NHC were proposed. To create your abstract, type over the instructions in the template box below. Fonts or abstract dimensions should not be changed or altered. Image 1 • Decomposition of Cu(I)–NHC and Ag–NHC under air was studied.. • Decomposition of Cu(I)–NHC led to urea and hydrolysis products.. • Theoretical calculations were used to study the decomposition of Cu(I)–NHC.. • Decomposition of Ag–NHC led to ring-opening product or regenerated NHC precursor.. • This article provides a method to study the decomposition of metal-NHC under air.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexes of B3O3H3 with acetylene and its substituted derivatives C2HX (X=H, F, Cl, Br, CH3, NH2) are explored by theoretical calculations using MP2 and M06-2X methods with aug-cc-pVDZ as the basis set. The different molecular electrostatic potential features of B3O3H3 with benzene (C6H6) and borazine (B3N3H6) result in different stable structures of the complexes with C2HX. The geometric analysis indicates that the global minimum is the parallel stacked (PS) structure with the linear C–C triple bond lies on the top of B3O3H3, and this is much different from that of the B3N3H6...C2HX complex, in which the C–H bond directs towards the B3N3H6 ring (T-shaped). The H-bonded structure where the C–H interacts with the O atom of B3O3H3 is found to be a local minimum. Besides, there is an additional X...O halogen-bonded structures for the B3O3H3...C2HX (X=Cl, Br) complexes. As for the PS geometry, when one H atom in C2H2 is replaced by different X groups, the binding energies of the complexes increases in the order of F

Purpose: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with worse cognitive functioning. We aim to examine the association between baseline cognitive functioning and the reduction rate in HDRS-17 total scores and to highlight the predictors of the reduction rate in HDRS-17 total scores in MDD with first-episode, drug-naïve (FED) patients. Patients and Methods: Ninety FED patients were recruited consecutively and evaluated using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17), the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA-14), the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) at baseline and again at week 8. Results: Eighty-four FED patients completed the study. Comparison showed that response group had significantly higher T scores in TMT-A, BACS-SC, WMS-III, BVMT-R, MSCEI and CPT-IP, but showed significantly lower scores in FAST total scores including autonomy, occupational functioning, cognitive functioning, interpersonal relationship than non- response group (all p's< 0.05). Partial correlation analysis also found that the reduction rate in HDRS-17 total scores could be negatively associated with autonomy, cognitive functioning and interpersonal relationship domains as well as total FAST scores, also was further positively associated with T-scores of BACS-SC, CPT-IP and MSCEI in MCCB, even when accounting for potential confounders. Furthermore, the levels of cognitive function domain, autonomy domain in FAST, and BACS-SC, CPT-IP in MCCB may predict the reduction rate in HDRS-17 total scores in FED patients (all p's< 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings underscore significant correlations between baseline functioning and the reduction rate in HDRS-17 total scores in FED patients. Moreover, better baseline cognitive function, autonomy, speed of processing and attention/vigilance are more likely to predict patients' response to antidepressant treatment, indicating pre-treatment better cognitive functioning may be predictors to treatment response in FED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irrigation is essential for maintaining food production in water-scarce regions. However, unnecessary water usage should be avoided. The irrigation need depends on the water content in the soil, which can be measured by the Cosmic-ray Neutron Sensing (CRNS) technique. It is promising for irrigation management as the measurement footprint is representative for the root-zone at the scale of tens of hectares. The potential of the CRNS technique for drip irrigation scheduling is explored in this work for the drip irrigated Picassent site near Valencia, Spain. To support the experimental evidence, the neutron transport simulation URANOS was used to mimic the Picassent site and to simulate the effect of drip irrigation on the epithermal neutron counts.The experimental dataset showed methodological limitations to detect drip water input with CRNS, although the overall soil water content in the CRNS footprint has been well characterized within a root mean square error less than 0.03 cm3/cm3. Furthermore, we found that the CRNS performance to sense soil water content in the overall footprint varied significantly along the study period. Both, the experimental data and the simulation results suggest that the large-area neutron response to drip irrigation is dominated by statistical noise in our specific case. The performance is mainly limited by the following conditions:1. The irrigated area is only 8 % of the total area. Since CRNS has an area-averaging footprint, irrigation of larger areas would be much better visible for CRNS. 2. Changes of water content due to irrigation are small (5 %) under rather wet conditions (35% soil moisture). Neutrons are much more sensitive to changes of water content at the lower end of the soil moisture spectrum. 3. The irrigation period is only a few hours. The employed CRNS detector can resolve small changes of water content only with integration period of 12 hours.We conclude that CRNS was not able to detect irrigation in our specific case. But the method might be capable of detecting drip irrigation in larger irrigated areas, in drier regions, and for longer and more intense irrigation periods. Since statistical noise is the main limitation of the CRNS measurement, the capability of the instrument could be improved in future studies by larger and more efficient neutron detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE (EIL) family is one of the most important transcription factor (TF) families in plants and is involved in diverse plant physiological and biochemical processes. In this study, ten EIL transcription factors (CsEILs) in sweet orange were systematically characterized via whole-genome analysis. The CsEIL genes were unevenly distributed across the four sweet orange chromosomes. Putative cis-acting regulatory elements (CREs) associated with CsEIL were found to be involved in plant development, as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Notably, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that CsEIL genes were widely expressed in different organs of sweet orange and responded to both high and low temperature, NaCl treatment, and to ethylene-dependent induction of transcription, while eight additionally responded to Xanthomonas citri pv. Citri (Xcc) infection, which causes citrus canker. Among these, CsEIL2, CsEIL5 and CsEIL10 showed pronounced upregulation. Moreover, nine genes exhibited differential expression in response to Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) infection, which causes Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB). The genome-wide characterization and expression profile analysis of CsEIL genes provide insights into the potential functions of the CsEIL family in disease resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Organic acids and anthocyanins are the most important compounds for the flavor and nutritional quality of citrus fruit. However, there are few reports on the involvement of co-regulation of citrate and anthocyanin metabolism. Here, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis to elucidate the genes and pathways involved in both citrate and anthocyanin accumulation in postharvest citrus fruit with 'Tarocco' blood orange (TBO; high accumulation) and 'Bingtangcheng' sweet orange (BTSO; low accumulation). Results: A robust core set of 825 DEGs were found to be temporally associated with citrate and anthocyanin accumulation throughout the storage period through transcriptome analysis. Further according to the results of weighted gene coexpression correlation network analysis (WGCNA), the turquoise and brown module was highly positively correlated with both of the content of citrate and anthocyanin, and p-type ATPase (PH8), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase (PEPCK), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) and glutathione S transferase (GST) were considered key structural genes. Moreover, MYB family transcription factor (PH4), Zinc finger PHD-type transcription factor (CHR4, HAC12), Zinc finger SWIM-type transcription factor (FAR1) and Zinc finger C3H1-type transcription factor (ATC3H64) were considered hub genes related to these structural genes. Further qRT-PCR analysis verified that these transcription factors were highly expressed in TBO fruit and their expression profiles were significantly positively correlated with the structural genes of citrate and anthocyanin metabolism as well as the content of citrate and anthocyanin content. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the CHR4, FAR1, ATC3H64 and HAC12 may be the new transcription regulators participate in controlling the level of citrate and anthocyanin in postharvest TBO fruit in addition to PH4. These results may providing new insight into the regulation mechanism of citrate and anthocyanin accumulation in citrus fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to explore whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) could be predictive for the diagnosis of panic disorder (PD) and to explore the association between serum BDNF levels and the treatment response to escitalopram in PD patients. Ninety PD patients and 99 healthy controls (HCs) were finally recruited. PD patients were treated only by escitalopram for 8 weeks. All patients were administered the Short-Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA-14), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess life quality, anxiety symptoms and trait, respectively. Neuropsychological tests were assessed at baseline in all participants. Besides, peripheral venous blood was drawn from all participants for BDNF serum levels detection both at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment. In PD patients, the baseline serum BDNF levels were lower than HCs. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of baseline serum BDNF levels predicting PD from HCs was 0.947 (94.9 % for sensitivity, 77.8 % for specificity). The baseline serum BDNF levels (beta = 0.276, p = 0.007), the current duration (beta = −0.301, p = 0.004), and trait anxiety (TAI) (beta = 0.201, p = 0.045) were predictors for reduction rates of HAMA-14 after 8 weeks' escitalopram treatment. A long-term observation and high homogeneity of sample may make the results more convincing. This preliminary finding highlighted the value of serum BDNF levels for the diagnosis of PD. In addition, the higher baseline serum BDNF levels may predict the better escitalopram treatment response in PD patients. • Panic disorder patients have lower serum BDNF levels than healthy controls. • Serum BDNF levels have diagnostic value of panic disorder. • Serum BDNF levels can predict treatment response of escitalopram in panic disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a electron bunch excitation method (EBEM) used in simulations to obtain the characteristics of the slow-wave structures that operate at various frequency bands.

Metabolic reprogramming, such as alterations in glutamine metabolism or glycolysis, is the hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanisms are still incompletely elucidated. Previous studies have identified that methyltransferase SET and MYND domain-containing protein 2(SMYD2) is responsible for the pathogenesis of numerous types of cancer. Here, we innovatively uncover how SMYD2 regulates glutamine metabolism in HCC cells and promotes HCC progression. We identified that SMYD2 expression is upregulated in HCC tissues, which correlates with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Our in vitro and in vivo results showed that the depletion of SMYD2 inhibits HCC cell growth. Mechanistically, c-Myc methylation by SMYD2 increases its protein stability through the ubiquitin–proteasome system. We showed SMYD2 depletion destabilized c-Myc protein by increasing the conjugated K48-linked polyubiquitin chain. SMYD2 increased c-Myc expression and further upregulated glutaminase1 (GLS1), a crucial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glutamine to glutamic acid, in HCC cells. GLS1 plays an important role in SMYD2-mediated HCC progression and glutamine metabolism regulation. The knockdown of SMYD2 inhibited glutamine metabolism in HCC cells and overcame their chemoresistance to sorafenib. Collectively, our findings demonstrated a novel mechanism of how SMYD2 promotes HCC progression by regulating glutamine metabolism through the c-Myc/GLS1signaling, implicating the therapeutic potential of targeting SMYD2 in HCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planar microstrip line slow wave structures (PML-SWSs) have great prospects in the millimeter and terahertz wave fields. However, the development of the devices employing PML-SWSs is severely limited due to the focusing difficulties. Compared with the conventional sheet electron beam (SEB) SWS, the asymmetric boundary condition of PML-SWS and high local electric field further increase the instabilities of the SEB transport in PML-SWS. A new approach, named the uniform magnetic focusing system with the matching electric field (UMFS-MEF), is presented in this article, which can effectively solve these issues. The simulation results illustrate that the expansion rate of the SEB in UMFS-MEF is significantly lower than that in the conventional uniform magnetic focusing system (CUMFS) with the same magnetic field strength ${B}_{z}$. Moreover, the present calculation results show that the UMFS-MEF requires only 10.6% of the magnetic field strength of CUMFS for maintaining the same expansion rate. This means that the UMFS-MEF can effectively suppress the instabilities, and employ a very low magnetic field to maintain the stabilities of the SEB transport. Finally, we give several other schemes to realize the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we identified and compared nucleotide-binding site (NBS) domain-containing genes from three Citrus genomes (C. clementina, C. sinensis from USA and C. sinensis from China). Phylogenetic analysis of all Citrus NBS genes across these three genomes revealed that there are three approximately evenly numbered groups: one group contains the Toll-Interleukin receptor (TIR) domain and two different Non-TIR groups in which most of proteins contain the Coiled Coil (CC) domain. Motif analysis confirmed that the two groups of CC-containing NBS genes are from different evolutionary origins. We partitioned NBS genes into clades using NBS domain sequence distances and found most clades include NBS genes from all three Citrus genomes. This suggests that three Citrus genomes have similar numbers and types of NBS genes. We also mapped the re-sequenced reads of three pomelo and three mandarin genomes onto the C. sinensis genome. We found that most NBS genes of the hybrid C. sinensis genome have corresponding homologous genes in both pomelo and mandarin genomes. The homologous NBS genes in pomelo and mandarin suggest that the parental species of C. sinensis may contain similar types of NBS genes. This explains why the hybrid C. sinensis and original C. clementina have similar types of NBS genes in this study. Furthermore, we found that sequence variation amongst Citrus NBS genes were shaped by multiple independent and shared accelerated mutation accumulation events among different groups of NBS genes and in different Citrus genomes. Our comparative analyses yield valuable insight into the structure, organization and evolution of NBS genes in Citrus genomes. Furthermore, our comprehensive analysis showed that the non-TIR NBS genes can be divided into two groups that come from different evolutionary origins. This provides new insights into non-TIR genes, which have not received much attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method for the synthesis of esters via reductive coupling of N-tosylhydrazones with carboxylic acids under metal-free conditions has been developed. Various functional groups were found to be tolerable under the reaction conditions to afford low to good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A facile and efficient route to functionalized thioamides has been developed by a tandem reaction of 2-acetylmethylene-1,3-dithiolanes via fragmentation of the dithiolane ring upon heating and in the presence of an amine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A facile and efficient synthetic route to substituted 1,4-dithiafulvalenes has been developed. The precursors 2 may be easily prepared from the reactions of β-dicarbonyl compounds 1 with CS2 and 1,2,3-tribromopropane under mild conditions. The elimination of HBr of 2 in basic media furnishes corresponding acetyl substituted 1,4-dithiafulvalenes 3 in 85-93% yields. The aldol condensation reaction of 2 with various arylaldehydes affords alkenoyl substituted 1,4-dithiofulvalenes 4 in high to excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the present study, the interactions between actinomycin D (ActD) and single stranded DNA (ssDNA) 5′-CGTAACCAACTGCAACGT-3′ and a duplex stranded DNA (dsDNA) with this sequence were investigated by microchip-based non-gel sieving electrophoresis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The ssDNA was designed according to the conserved regions of open reading frame 1b (replicase 1B) following the Tor 2 SARS genome sequence of 15611-15593. The binding constants of the interactions between ActD and ssDNA/dsDNA were (8.3±0.32)×106 M−1 (ssDNA) and (2.8±0.02)×105 M−1 (dsDNA), respectively, calculated from microchip electrophoresis via Scatchard plot. The binding stoichiometries were 1:1 (single/1ActD molecule) and 1:2 (duplex/2ActD molecules) calculated from microchip electrophoresis, and the results were further verified by ESI-MS. The results obtained by these two methods indicated that ActD bound much more tightly to ssDNA used in this work than dsDNA. Furthermore, this is shown that the microchip-based non-gel sieving electrophoresis method is a rapid, highly sensitive and convenient method for the studies of interactions between DNA and small molecule drugs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The transport of sheet electron beam (SEB) is of critical importance for the success of a number of high-power millimeter wave and terahertz vacuum devices. In this paper, the condition to achieve the SEB's stable transport in uniform longitudinal magnetic field is studied. Based on this stability condition, a new approach, named sheet electron beam matching focusing magnetic (SEB-MFM) field, which consists of a longitudinal component and a tiny transverse component, is presented. The SEB-MFM field can be generated by adding extra transversely magnetized magnets to the conventional uniform magnetic (UM) system. For demonstrating the effect of the SEB-MFM field, the simulation work of the SEB-MFM field and conventional UM field is carried out for an electron optical system employing a SEB. The simulation results show that the SEB-MFM field effectively eliminates the instabilities, such as distortion and deformation, arising from the longitudinal magnetic field. In addition, comparing with conventional UM field, the SEB-MFM can achieve the stable and long-distance transport of a SEB with a pretty low magnetic field strength. Finally, a new magnetic system generating SEB-MFM field is designed, fabricated, and measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Besides the activation of CO2 by Lewis basic groups, the synergistic effects of Lewis acid sites (or hydrogen bond donor) together with halogen nucleophilic anions to activate epoxide ring opening were also important steps to develop an efficient catalyst for the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epoxides. Herein, an aminoethylimidazole IL-modified MOF catalyst with multiple catalytic active sites (denoted as MIL-101-NHIM-NH2) was synthesized through an aldimine condensation post-synthesis method. Through thorough characterizations, such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDS mappings, N2 adsorption and desorption, XPS, elemental analysis and TG measurement, the results showed that the surface of MIL-101-NHIM-NH2 was successfully grafted with the ionic liquid. Owing to the synergistic effects of multiple active sites containing Cr, –NH2 and Br− in the MIL-101-NHIM-NH2 catalyst, MIL-101-NHIM-NH2 could efficiently catalyze the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epoxide without additional solvent and cocatalyst; 93.5% of propylene carbonate was obtained at 120 °C, 2 MPa and 4 h. Moreover, MIL-101-NHIM-NH2 also showed better recycling stability within five catalytic runs and easy separation in the CO2 cycloaddition reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glacier centerlines are crucial input for many glaciological applications. From the morphological perspective, we proposed a new automatic method to derive glacier centerlines, which is based on the Euclidean allocation and the terrain characteristics of glacier surface. In the algorithm, all glaciers are logically classified as three types including simple glacier, simple compound glacier, and complex glacier, with corresponding process ranges from simple to complex. The process for extracting centerlines of glaciers introduces auxiliary reference lines and follows the setting of not passing through bare rock. The program of automatic extraction of glacier centerlines was implemented in Python and only required the glacier boundary and digital elevation model (DEM) as input. Application of this method to 48 571 glaciers in the second Chinese glacier inventory automatically yielded the corresponding glacier centerlines with an average computing time of 20.96 s, a success rate of 100 % and a comprehensive accuracy of 94.34 %. A comparison of the longest length of glaciers to the corresponding glaciers in the Randolph Glacier Inventory v6.0 revealed that our results were superior. Meanwhile, our final product provides more information about glacier length, such as the average length, and the longest length, the lengths in the accumulation and ablation regions of each glacier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a promising method for local tumor treatment, nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) ablation elicits a potent anti-tumor immune response. However, the mechanism of the nsPEF-mediated anti-tumor immune response and its effects on the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that nsPEF treatment increased the level of membrane PD-L1 in liver cancer cells. Furthermore, nsPEF induced the release of PD-L1-associated extra-cellular vesicles, leading to the dysfunction of CD8+ T cells, which could potentially be reversed by PD-L1 blockade. Biological and functional assays also demonstrated that nsPEF treatment resulted in the increased PD-L1 level and dysfunction of infiltrated CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues in vivo, indicating the long term antitumor efficacy of nsPEF treatment. A combination of nsPEF treatment and PD-L1 blockade effectively inhibited tumor growth and improved the survival of the tumor-bearing mouse. In conclusion, nsPEF treatment induced the translocation and release of PD-L1 and contributed to the dysfunction of infiltrated CD8+ T cells, resulting in tumor progression at later stages. The combination of nsPEF treatment and PD-L1 blockade is a promising therapeutic strategy for liver cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The $W$ -band flat-roofed sine waveguide (SWG) slow wave circuit was designed and processed in this article. Considering the limitations on present practical fabrication level, sensitivity analysis was performed on the potential influencing factors for the performance of the flat-roofed SWG slow wave structure (SWS). As indicated by the calculation results, the gap between the SWSs and the side-wall strips could have a significant impact on the dispersion, interaction impedance, and the transmission of the entire slow wave circuit. Based on the theoretical analysis, two types of $W$ -band flat-roofed SWG slow wave circuits were fabricated and tested. The side-wall strips of the two circuits are processed with/without rounded corner. The circuit without rounded corner may cause a large gap and severe reflection. In comparison, the other one with rounded corners can make the parts fit tighter, thus minimizing the potential gap. The test results demonstrate that the $W$ -band flat-roofed SWG traveling-wave tube (TWT) possesses a voltage standing wave ratio less than 1.8, which is basically consistent with the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A magnetic Bi2Fe4O9/Bi2MoO6 heterojunction was synthesized by a facile one-pot solvothermal method, and the photodegradation performance was evaluated by degrading methylene blue (MB) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). Compared with pure Bi2MoO6 composite, the Bi2Fe4O9/Bi2MoO6 heterojunction with 10% Bi2Fe4O9 had much higher catalytic performance, which can degrade MB and TC completely within 150 and 180 min. The characterization results show that a p–n heterojunction formed between Bi2Fe4O9 and Bi2MoO6. Combining with trapping experiments, a direct Z-scheme mechanism was proposed to effectively separate photodegradable electron–hole pairs at the Bi2Fe4O9/Bi2MoO6 heterojunction interface. Moreover, the obtained catalysts can be recovered easily from liquid system via the external magnet field due to the sufficient magnetism. After five recycles, no significant decrease on the degradation efficiency of MB and TC can be found show that BiFeMo-2 has excellent chemical stability in the application of organic pollutants degradation under visible-light irradiation. Thus, the prepared Bi2Fe4O9/Bi2MoO6 catalyst has the advantages of high visible light catalytic activity, excellent chemical stability and magnetic separation, and has broad application prospects in environmental purification. A novel magnetic recoverable Bi2Fe4O9/Bi2MoO6 catalyst was facilely prepared. BiFeMo-2 sample showed a higher activities for MB and TC photodegradation under visible-light irradiation due to formation of a p–n heterojunction with high quality interface between Bi2Fe4O9 (220) and Bi2MoO6 (131), which can improve charge transfer effectively follow the Z-scheme mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of aromatic sulfur compounds oxidized on Ti-MWW zeolite with H 2 O 2 was studied by density functional theory. The results show that the adsorption capacity of solvents on Ti-η2-OOH decreases in the order of CH 3 COCH 3 > CH 3 OH > CH 3 CN > H 2 O. The energy barriers of thiophene on different active centers are in the order of Ti-η2-OOH-CH 3 CN < Ti-η2-OOH-CH 3 COCH 3 < Ti-η2-OOH-CH 3 OH < Ti-η2-OOH-H 2 O < Ti-η2-OOH < Ti-η1-OOH, showing a linear correlation with the Hirshfeld charge of O α. The interaction energy calculations indicate that the polar solvent not only participates in the reaction but also plays a critical role in timely removing products. Moreover, the oxidative activation energies of four aromatic sulfur compounds follow the order: thiophene > benzothiophene > dibenzothiophene >4, 6-dimethyldibenzothiophene, confirming that Ti-MWW could provide sufficient space for the aromatic sulfur compounds with relatively large molecular size and has an excellent oxidation desulfurization performance. Our results address the controversy over the oxidation desulfurization reactivity of aromatic sulfur compounds by Ti-MWW in experimental studies and provide insights to further studies. Image 1 • Oxidative desulfurization mechanism of aromatic sulfur compounds over Ti-MWW was revealed. • Independent gradient model method was used to study the weak interactions in Ti-MWW. • There is a linear correlation between energy barrier and Hirshfeld charge of O α. • The dual roles of solvents in oxidative desulfurization were put forward. • The controversy regarding the ODS reactivity of aromatic sulfur compounds was resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between child abuse and emotional and behavioral problems in Chinese school-aged boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Forty-eight school-aged boys with ADHD and 77 male healthy controls completed the final assessments that included the Child Behavior Checklist, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Short Form. Our findings showed that child abuse could associate with the behavioral problems in ADHD. Regression analysis further showed that child abuse (especially emotional abuse and physical abuse), adverse living conditions, and school anxiety significantly could be contributors to behavioral problems in boys with ADHD. Our study indicated that child abuse may be associated with the behavioral problems in Chinese school-aged boys with ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • FeCoNiCrMo HEA plate was prepared for efficient OER in alkaline media. • High-valence Mo/Cr cause dynamic structural/compositional evolution during OER. • Mo is rapidly oxidized and dissolved, provoking the concomitant Cr leakage. • Absorbed/intercalated MoO 4 2- facilitates the generation of active β-NiOOH. • Cr dopants in active layer enhance OER by preventing the Ni/Co over-oxidation. We herein report free-standing FeCoNiCrMo high-entropy alloy (HEA) plate as an excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst with activity and durability superior to benchmarking NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH). It requires overpotentials of 303 and 372 mV to reach current densities of 100 and 700 mA cm−2, respectively, and maintains its activity for at least 120 h in alkaline media. Its dynamic structural/compositional evolution is uncovered, in which Mo metals are rapidly oxidized and dissolved into electrolyte, provoking the concomitant Cr leakage and leaving behind reconstructed active NiFeCo oxyhydroxide nanostructures on the surface. Its enhanced OER (intrinsic) activity is found to be associated with the absorption of resultant Mo oxo-anion (MoO 4 2-) and the persistence of trace Cr atoms in surficial NiFeCo oxyhydroxide phase. This work offers useful insights into the origin of high OER activity of HEA catalysts and also provides a feasible way for mass-production of active OER catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]