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Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignant tumor of kidney epithelial cells, one of the most common tumors in the world. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)1 is a crucial factor that induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells. microRNA-141-3p (miR-141-3p) is a microRNA that is considered a tumor suppressor. However, the role and mechanism of miR-141-3p in TGFβ1-induced ccRCC cells are not fully understood. This study investigated the roles of miR-141-3p and its target gene in regulating EMT in ccRCC development. 786-0 and Caki-1cells were treated with TGFβ1 to induce EMT. The levels of miR-141-3p and TGFβ2 were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The progression of EMT was evaluated by E-cadherin detection by immunofluorescence, and E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin detection by Western blotting. Furthermore, migration and invasion capacities were assessed using a Transwell system. The direct binding of miR-141-3p with the target gene TGFβ2 was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results indicated that TGFβ1 treatment decreased the protein abundance of E-cadherin while increasing the protein expression of N-cadherin and vimentin, indicating TGFβ1-induced EMT was constructed successfully. Moreover, TGFβ1 treatment repressed the expression of miR-141-3p. miR-141-3p mimics reversed the effect of TGFβ1 on the migration, invasion, and expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin. The miR-141-3p directly binds with the 3′ untranslated region of TGFβ2 mRNA and suppresses its expression. Furthermore, TGFβ2 overexpression abrogated the above changes regulated by miR-141-3p mimics. Taken together, miR-141-3p inhibited TGFβ1-induced EMT by suppressing the migration and invasion of ccRCC cells via directly targeting TGFβ2 gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Electromagnetic Damping Generator (EDG) used for petroleum exploration is faced with the problem of high local temperature during its downhole work. To avoid the damage to its internal circuit caused by high temperature, the key EDG circuit is required to be heat-resistant based on the electromagnetic induction principle and the current heating effect. First of all, the working condition with the maximum heating power was figured out after studying the heating power characteristics of EDG. Then the multi-field coupling model of the temperature field, electromagnetic field and structure of the damper, as well as its iterative analytic model were established to identify the relationship between the temperature rise of the key location of the damper part and its working time in the downhole environment and the room-temperature experimental environment, which provided data support for EDG optimization design. Finally, a EDG prototype was developed, and the test bench was set up by replacing the load with resistors to verify the accuracy of the iterative analytical model. The results showed that the temperature value calculated by the model well fit the experimental value. Therefore, the downhole operation reliability of the EDG and the safety of corresponding bench tests are guaranteed, which has certain guiding significance for EDG optimization design and its experimental study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present some generalized versions of the Krein–Rutman theorem for sectorial operators. They are formulated in a fashion that can be easily applied to elliptic operators. Another feature of these generalized versions is that they contain some information on the generalized eigenspaces associated with nonprincipal eigenvalues, which are helpful in the study of the dynamics of evolution equations in ordered Banach spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a clear and concise analytical method for predicting the performance of a Liquid-cooling eddy current brake (LC-ECB) is proposed. The LC-ECB has a coolant channel in the rotor to allow direct cooling of the inner surface of the stator. The static air-gap magnetic field distribution is obtained by the dynamic magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method, and the magnetic flux leakage and global magnetic saturation effects are fully considered. The magnetic field intensity distribution function of the eddy current reaction magnetic field is derived for the first time based on Ampere circuital theorem. Considering the local magnetic saturation and skin effect, a novel double-iteration algorithm based on the conservation principle of magnetic pressure drop is applied to obtain the transient air-gap flux density distribution, and then the brake torque expression is obtained. The finite element method (FEM) and experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective. The new model is easy to program and can be easily used in the initial design and optimization of LC-ECB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing market demand for high-quality aquatic products, the application of industrialized aquaculture facilities may get more attention. In order to improve the poor performance of thermal insulation, the accuracy of the numerical model was verified in this study through actual measured data. The model verification results shown that the average relative errors of the measured and calculated values of indoor air temperature, water temperature and roof inner surface temperature in the industrialized aquaculture workshop is within 2.5%, it suggested that the numerical calculation results are accurate. Furthermore, the thermal environment and thermal insulation performance of industrialized aquaculture facilities in winter were conducted based on the numerical calculations. After optimized the thermophysical parameters of the workshop enclosure structure, we found that the water body temperature could reach 21°C (which was close to the breeding temperature of grouper (Epinephelinae). Therefore, the numerical calculation method was further used to analyze the energy consumption of aquaculture water in January of a typical year in this area by heating to three constant temperatures (22, 25, and 28°C). When the aquaculture water was heated to the three constant temperature states, it needed to consume 8.56×105, 1.02×106 and 1.22×106 MJ of energy respectively, which were equal to the amount of energy released by the complete combustion of 29.3, 35.1 and 41.8 t standard coal. Moreover, it is concluded that the artificial temperature increase in winter maintains the temperature in the range of 22~25°C to provide the highest heating efficiency. This conclusion can provide theoretical basis and application reference for industrialized aquaculture in winter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of the large moment of inertia of the existing rotating electromagnetic shock absorber for armored vehicles, a new lightweight rotor adaptive electromagnetic shock absorber (LR-AESA) is proposed in this paper. The LR-AESA consists of the left and right symmetrically distributed stators, a rotor in the middle and excitation coils. Secondly, based on the equivalent magnetic circuit method (EMC) and the Ampere loop theorem, and the interaction of the reaction magnetic fields between adjacent eddy current rings and the nonlinear effect of the interaction between the eddy current field and the original magnetic field are further considered, the air gap magnetic field distribution of the LR-AESA of the 10# steel rotor and the copper rotor at different speeds is derived, and the analytical expression of the damping torque is obtained. Finally, the validity of the analytical model was verified by comparison with results from the 3-D finite element method (FEM). The results show that the LR-AESA of the two material rotors can meet the requirements of technical indicators, but in the full speed section (200 ∼ 2000 rpm), the copper rotor has the advantage of a wider range of the damping torque adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We establish a discrete Gronwall–Halanay-type inequality with infinite delay, which is not covered in the existing literature. As an application, a new criterion is obtained for the asymptotic stability of the zero solutions for a class of Volterra difference equations. A concrete example is also given to illustrate the efficiency of the general results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an electromagnetic damping generator (EDG), which is a novel downhole generator for the rotary steerable system (RSS). The EDG is designed to solve the problem of unstable voltage output by the RSS generator. The generator is designed by integrating a traditional generator and an eddy current retarder (ECR). The system converts the excess kinetic energy of the EDG rotor into heating energy by the principle of eddy-current braking and resistance heating. The electromagnetic finite element models of the generator part and ECR part are established and solved by computer. The voltage and torque generated by the generator part and the braking torque of the ECR part are predicted. In the bench test, When the input power is 2537 W < Pinput < 3304 W, the EDG is able to output 300.8 V. When the input power is 3304 W, the output voltage of the ordinary generator is 346 V. The EDG can be adjusted by a decrement of up to 45.2 V to output the rated voltage. The problem of generator output voltage instability in the RSS is solved when mud flow is unstable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a new discrete retarded Gronwall–Bellman type inequality. As applications, the dynamics of some delay difference equations are studied. First, the asymptotic behavior of solutions for scalar difference equation Δx(n)=−a(n)x(n)+B(n,xn)$$ \Delta x(n)=-a(n)x(n)+B\left(n,{x}_n\right) $$ is discussed, and some new criteria on the asymptotic stability of the zero solution are obtained under weaker assumptions. Then the dissipativity of a nonautonomous delay difference system with superlinear nonlinearities is investigated. By using the inequalities established here, it is shown that the discrete set‐valued process generated by the system possesses a unique global pullback attractor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 60 sows (Landrace × Yorkshire, average parity was 1.39) were used to evaluate the effects of soy isoflavones (ISO) supplementation on reproductive performance, serum antioxidant enzyme parameters, and milk compositions of sows, and the growth performance of offspring. Sows were randomly assigned to 4 groups based on the parity. There were 15 replicates per treatment. Dietary treatments were based on a corn‐soybean meal‐based basal diet and supplemented with 0, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg ISO. With the increase of the ISO dosage, average daily feed intake of sows increased linearly; oestrus interval decreased linearly and quadratically. In addition, on day 10 of lactation, linear increases in serum superoxide dismutase levels, linear and quadratic increases in serum total antioxidant capacity, and linear decreases in serum malondialdehyde levels were observed in increasing ISO dosage in the diet of sows. The body weight on day 10 and 21 and the average daily gain during days 3–10 and 3–21 of offspring increased linearly at graduated doses of ISO increased. Therefore, feeding sows with graded levels of ISO containing diet during late‐gestation and lactation periods improved the reproductive performance of sows and the growth performance of their offspring in a dose‐dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retarder is widely used to ensure braking safety in heavy vehicles due to its noncontact braking characteristics. Currently, retarders are generally mounted on tractors, but semi-trailers have greater inertia and are prone to accidents. Therefore, the semi-trailer's brakes have to work frequently to maintain stability during downhill braking, which causes the brakes to generate high temperatures or even failure. Based on the above problems, a novel internal pump-hydraulic retarder axle (IP-HRA) is proposed, which integrates the pump and hydraulic retarder (HR) into the support axle. The prototype of the IP-HRA was made and a bench test was conducted. In the experiment, the single-side braking power of the IP-HRA reaches 300 kW and its torque can be controlled by adjusting the outlet pressure. A co-simulation model of articulated vehicles is established to predict the braking state by computer solutions. Based on the experimental data, the methods of IP-HRA braking semi-trailer and traditional HR braking tractor are compared. The results of co-simulation show that the IP-HRA is more conducive to the braking stability of the articulated vehicle than the traditional HR when only retarder is used. Finally, the braking time and braking deceleration of IP-HRA are verified by road experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the surface properties of Q235 carbon steels, CrFeMoNiTi(WC)x high‐entropy alloy composite coatings were fabricated via selective laser melting. The microstructure, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the composite coatings were studied. Spherical or near‐spherical tungsten carbide (WC) particles are dispersively distributed in the coatings, resulting in the appearance of obvious WC and TiW2C phases. And the composite coatings mainly consist of body‐centered cubic (BCC) and face‐centered cubic (FCC). When x ≤ 0.3, the addition of WC enhances the BCC diffraction peak. Microhardness of the composite coatings with WC increases and is much higher than that of the substrate (280.6 HV0.1). The hardness of the CrFeMoNiTi(WC)0.3 (1005.1 HV0.1) is the highest among the composite coatings. The retained WC particles and BCC acted as load bearers during the friction process, which reduces the wear loss of the composite coating. Also, the anodic protection caused by the corrosion‐resistant WC particles and BCC greatly improves the ability of the composite coatings to resist NaCl attack. Hence, CrFeMoNiTi(WC)0.3 exhibited the optimum wear resistance and corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs on the mucous membrane of the bladder. It is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system and one of the top ten common tumors in the whole body. This bibliometric analysis was applied to identify the characteristics of global scientific output, the hotspots, and frontiers about treatment on bladder cancer with Chinese medicine monomer over the past 22 years. We retrieved publications published from 2000 to 2021 and their recorded information from Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to analyze bibliometric indicators and visualize the trend and hotspots of researches on bladder cancer with Chinese medicine monomer. Altogether, 658 original articles were reviewed, and the results showed that the annual number of publications (Np) shows an upward trend over the past 22 years as a whole. The US produced the most papers, and the number of citations (Nc) and H -index of the US ranked first. Johns Hopkins University and BJU International were the most prolific affiliation and journal, respectively. Recently, the keywords "NF-kappa B" appeared frequently. Besides, quercetin is the most thorough research in the treatment of bladder cancer with Chinese herbal compound, but whether quercetin is the most potent compound needs further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve theproblems of an insufficient braking moment for the eddy current retarder at high speed, a small braking moment and slow response of the hydraulic retarder at low speed, and a low power density of the existing electromagnetic hydraulic retarder(EHR), a novel radially distributed electromagnetic-hydraulic retarder(R-EHR) was proposed. The R-EHR fully absorbs the advantages of the braking characteristics of hydraulic retarders and eddy current retarders. The cooling fluid is used to realize the braking of the hydraulic part. At the same time, it acts on the heating surfaces to improve the torque of the electromagnetic part. In this paper, finite element models of the flow field and electromagnetic field are established to predict braking performance. The braking performance of the R-EHR is obtained by bench test, the error between the simulation and experimental data is compared, and the experimental data are analyzed. The results show that the proportion of electromagnetic braking torque in the novel R-EHR is more reasonable. The braking torque increased by 26% and the power density increased by 37.5% at 2000 RPM compared to that of the EHR. The R-EHR can control the braking torque only by adjusting the current, thus simplifying the control system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a clear analytical model for predicting the performance of permanent magnet (PM) eddy current couplers is proposed. The interaction of the reaction magnetic fields between adjacent eddy current rings was considered for the first time. Based on a magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) and the Ampere circuital theorem, the accurate distribution of the air gap magnetic field under different slip velocities was deduced in a 2-D model, and the analytical expression of the transmission torque was obtained. 3-D effects were also taken into account to calibrate the model. The validity of the analytical model was verified by comparison with results from the 3-D finite element method (FEM). The comparison shows that the analytical model can accurately predict the magnetic field distribution and transmission torque over a wide range of slip velocity variations. This model can greatly reduce the number of calculations required and save time, and it is suitable for the preliminary design and optimization of PM eddy current couplers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Co-hydrothermal carbonization of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and pyrolysis carbon black (CB) was investigated. • Co-HTC increased the dezincification efficiency by 64.69%. • The addition of CB reduced ordering of the carbonaceous structure. • The HHV of hydrochars of co-HTC are higher than 30 MJ/kg. Large quantities of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and waste tires generated daily have the disadvantage of high content of harmful elements. They cannot be directly applied to blast furnace ironmaking. In this study, Cl in PVC and Zn in pyrolysis products of waste tires (pyrolysis carbon black, CB) were effectively removed by co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC). The results indicated the dechlorination and dezincification efficiencies of co-HTC were improved by 2.78 % and 64.69 %, respectively, compared to HTC. Compositional analysis shows that the ash content of co-HTC is reduced by at least 7.67 % compared to conventional HTC. The hydrochar produced by co-HTC has an higher heating value (HHV) ranging from 30.67 to 34.13 MJ/kg. Results of physical and chemical characteristics analysis showed increasing the proportion of CB can reduce the C–H and -CHCl- functional groups and improve the carbon orderliness of the hydrochar. Combustion characteristics and kinetic analyses show that the combustibility of hydrochar increases with an increase in the proportion of PVC added to the co-HTC. The thermal stability and activation energy of the hydrochar increase with the addition of CB. Overall, this study has removed major harmful elements from PVC and CB through co-HTC, converting both into high-quality solid fuels that can be utilised in blast furnace ironmaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work new global dynamic bifurcation theorems are established for local semiflows on complete metric spaces. These theorems are applied to the nonlinear evolution equation u t + A u = f λ (u) in a Banach space X , where A is a sectorial operator with compact resolvent, and f λ (0) = 0 for all λ ∈ R. In particular, if f λ takes the form f λ (u) = λ u + f (u) , it is shown that the global dynamic bifurcation branch of a bifurcation point (0 , λ 0) is necessarily unbounded without assuming the "crossing odd-multiplicity" condition. It has long been recognized that dynamical methods can be helpful in solving static problems. As an example, the bifurcation of elliptic equations on bounded domains associated with homogenous Dirichlet boundary condition is addressed. By considering the corresponding nonclassical parabolic flows and applying the global dynamic bifurcation theorems given here for local semiflows, some new results with global features are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eddy current braking (ECB) is often installed on heavy-duty vehicles as the auxiliary braking component. When it works for a long time, the thermal derating of braking torque will reach about 18.5 % due to high temperature. It is important to establish an accurate magneto-thermal coupling model for the ECB high-temperature steady-state braking torque prediction. In multi-field coupling calculation, there are two commonly used data transmission methods between two physics fields. One of them is transmitting average data to important geometry based on the idea of lumped parameters (lumped parameters method), and the other is mapping the data distribution to each grid cell (direct mapping method). This paper takes the ECB as the research object, analyzes the influence of the above two data transmission methods, and proposes to replace the fluid-thermal coupling model with the heat conduction model in the magneto-thermal coupling model. Through calculation and analysis, using the lumped parameters method to transmit the heat generation rate, temperature and convective heat transfer coefficient all have a certain impact on the calculation accuracy of the coupling model comparing with the direct mapping method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an auxiliary brake element, the eddy current brake is widely used to ensure safe driving in heavy vehicles due to its noncontact braking characteristics. It is important to increase the power density of the eddy current brake and suppress the thermal derating of its braking performance. According to the principle of the eddy current braking and current skin effect, a decline in temperature can greatly increase the eddy current density of the low-frequency electromagnetic device. In this paper, a new heat dissipation method is proposed to cool the heating surface of the eddy current brake directly. The electromagnetic field model and the flow-heat coupling model are established to predict and analyze the steady-state temperature distribution and braking torque. A new type of internal liquid cooling eddy current brake prototype was manufactured for a bench test. The experimental data prove that the computational model is effective. The calculation results show that the new internal liquid cooling eddy current brake has improved heat dissipation advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excitability of activator Sm3+ in full-band UV has been remodeled efficiently by introducing sensitizers Ce3+ and Sb3+ in multi-component-aluminosilicate (MAS) glass phosphors. The Ce3+-Sb3+-Sm3+ tri-doped MAS glasses not only exhibit amazing capability of capturing photons in UVC and UVB but also remarkably enhance the fluorescence emission effect of Sm3+ at the sensitized excitation wavelengths of 325 and 287 nm corresponding to Ce3+ and Sb3+ contributions. The determination of the optimal doping concentration of Ce3+-Sb3+-Sm3+ intensely depends on the energy transfer mechanism and the maximum sensitization coefficient of tri-doped MAS glass phosphors reaches 18.75. Robust corroborations of fluorescence images and dynamic video demonstrate that Ce3+-Sb3+-Sm3+ tri-doped MAS glass phosphors possess preeminent excitation response in the entire UV region. Further, the excellent sensitization and tunable excitation performance are achieved in MAS glass with high mechanical properties, which provide far-reaching research implications for the developing UV-induced optoelectronic devices of light conversion and laser illumination. • Excitability of Sm3+ is remodeled in full-band UV region by introducing sensitizers. • Dual-centered Ce3+ and Sb3+ extend the excitation range of Sm3+ to UVB and UVC band. • Dynamic fluorescence video proves the effectiveness of collaborative sensitization. • Medium-temperature meltable silicate components are designed as the glass host. • Fluorescent glass powder expands optoelectronic applications of amorphous phosphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low energy density of biomass is a crucial limitation for their application in the steel industry. This study used catalyst-catalysed hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) to prepare higher-quality hydrochar from biomass. The effects of acid-base homogeneous catalysts (Fe(NO 3) 3 ·9H 2 O and CaO), liquid phase product (circulating water) and carbonization temperatures on the physicochemical properties and microscopic morphology of hydrochars were investigated. The results showed that higher carbonization temperature, circulating water and Fe(NO 3) 3 ·9H 2 O all raised the higher heating value (HHV) of hydrochar. When 4% of Fe(NO 3) 3 ·9H 2 O was added, the HHV of hydrochar reached 30.05 MJ/kg, which was 1.15 times higher than without catalysts. The above three conditions can also make the ordering degree in the carbonaceous structure lower ordered and enhance the reaction performance of the hydrochar. Meanwhile, the addition of Fe(NO 3) 3 ·9H 2 O at 240 °C can reduce the hydrochar ignition and burnout temperatures and enhance the combustion performance. Moreover, it was demonstrated that circulating water promoted the HTC more than deionized water. In conclusion, adding Fe(NO 3) 3 ·9H 2 O or circulating water to the HTC process can produce higher-quality hydrochar. • A new effective hydrothermal carbonization catalyst is provided. • The best hydrothermal catalysis of Fe(NO 3) 3 ·9H 2 O was confirmed. • Catalyst reduces the carbonaceous structural order of hydrochar. • The HHV of the catalysed hydrochar was increased by 15%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We establish an attractor bifurcation theorem and prove a global dynamic bifurcation theorem for positive solutions of evolution equations in ordered Banach spaces. These results may give a new insight into some fundamental problems in mathematical biology such as the persistence and the reproducing numbers of species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some uniform decay estimates are established for solutions of the following type of retarded integral inequalities: y (t) ≤ E (t , τ) ‖ y τ ‖ + ∫ τ t K 1 (t , s) ‖ y s ‖ d s + ∫ t ∞ K 2 (t , s) ‖ y s ‖ d s + ρ , t ≥ τ ≥ 0. As a simple example of application, the retarded scalar functional differential equation x ˙ = − a (t) x + B (t , x t) is considered, and the global asymptotic stability of the equation is proved under weaker conditions. Another example is the ODE system x ˙ = F 0 (t , x) + ∑ i = 1 m F i (t , x (t − r i (t))) on R n with superlinear nonlinearities F i (0 ≤ i ≤ m). The existence of a global pullback attractor of the system is established under appropriate dissipation conditions. The third example for application concerns the study of the dynamics of the functional cocycle system d u d t + A u = F (θ t p , u t) in a Banach space X with sublinear nonlinearity. In particular, the existence and uniqueness of a nonautonomous equilibrium solution Γ is obtained under the hyperbolicity assumption on operator A and some additional hypotheses, and the global asymptotic stability of Γ is also addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decentralized sewage discharge changes greatly in quantity, quality, and spatial distribution, and is becoming increasingly intractable. Therefore, a chemical catalytic biofilm reactor (CCBR) was established with an iron-based microbial coupling carrier and applied to treat domestic sewage. The dynamic features of the CCBR were examined along with the effects of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), dissolved oxygen (DO), and recycle ratio on pollutant removal. An optimal DO content of 4.0 mg/L, HRT of 7.5 h (4.5 h for anaerobic biological reactor and 3.0 h for aerobic biological reactor), and recycle ratio of 4:1 were obtained at total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency levels of ∼91.7–94.1%, ∼95.4–97.0%, and ∼88.9–93.3%, respectively. Simultaneous heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification occurred in the CCBR as revealed by analysis of the microbial communities. Thus, the CCBR shows great potential for application in decentralized domestic sewage treatment systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy-duty vehicles are generally equipped with non-contact hydraulic retarders or eddy current retarders to ensure safe driving during downhill conditions. The torque of the hydraulic retarder is large when the rotor rotates at a high speed, but the torque is small when the rotor rotates at a low speed. As another commonly used retarder, the eddy current retarder has a large torque at a low speed and a low power density at a high speed. High torque at full speed is the vehicles’ requirement for the auxiliary brake system, with no retarders can achieve this goal perfectly alone. Encouragingly, the braking performances of these two kinds of retarders are complementary. Based on the above properties, the eddy current-hydraulic hybrid retarder (EHR) is designed applying the principle of eddy current and the principle of hydraulic braking. In this novel HER, both sides of the rotor are used for hydraulic braking, and the outer ring of the rotor generates eddy currents. The finite element models of the flow field and the electromagnetic field are established separately and solved by computer to predict the braking torque of the EHR. The prototype was developed and the braking performance of the EHR was obtained through the bench tests. Comparing the theoretical calculation results and experimental data, the braking characteristics of the EHR are analyzed. At low speed, the EHR mainly relies on the eddy current braking, whereas at high speed, it relies on both eddy current and hydraulic braking. Moreover, the control of the EHR can be realized only by adjusting the braking torque of the eddy current part, which simplifies the control system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Braking torque is the most important performance parameter for a permanent magnet retarder used in heavy vehicles. This paper proposes a model of the permanent magnet retarder for braking torque at different speeds considering the skin effect, the magnetic leakage, and the actual path of the eddy currents. Based on the magnetic equivalent circuit and the piecewise function method, the static and the transient air-gap flux density models are established, and their accuracy is verified by comparison to the finite element method (FEM). The permeability distribution curve of the retarder stator is obtained by a simple permeability-measuring instrument, considering the skin effect on the permeability of the stator. Thus, the effective permeability function of the stator is obtained at different rotational speeds, and the transient air-gap flux density model is optimized using the effective permeability function. The simulation results showed that the optimized transient air-gap flux density of the calculation model was in good agreement with the FEM. Finally, the calculation model of the eddy current braking torque was verified by the bench test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome the large power consumption, the braking torque heat recession, and installation difficulties for trailers of eddy current retarder (ECR), a novel self-excited, liquid-cooled, and bridge integrated retarder (SLB-EMR) is proposed in this paper. The structure and work principle of the SLB-EMR are described particularly. Based on the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method, an analytical model of the eddy current braking torque considering magnetic flux leakage and end effect is established. The power generation and braking performance of the SLB-EMR are predicted by the finite element analysis (FEA). We carried out tests for the eddy current braking torque, the heat-fade of braking torque, the no-load loss torque, and natural characteristics of the SLB-EMR respectively. The test results showed that the eddy current braking torque reached 2592 N·m at 1000 r/min. The braking torque declined by 15.5 % after the braking 12 min continuously. The analytical model of eddy current braking torque, and FEA model of the generator and eddy current brake were verified by the test. Compared with the ECR, the SLB-EMR had no-power consumption and low head-fade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskites with ultra‐low phonon energy have excellent radiation properties, while the population distribution of its luminescent initial state needs to be facilitated to further optimize the stokes fluorescence of Er3+ under high‐energy photons excitation. Herein, UV excitability of Er3+ is remodeled by building an energy transfer channel from Sb3+ to Er3+ in Cs2NaInCl6 (CNIC) microcrystal to realize the enhancement of stokes fluorescence of Er3+. Under UV excitation, the breakthrough boost of Er3+ is observed in Cs2NaInCl6:Sb3+‐Er3+ (CNIC:Sb‐Er), and the sensitization coefficient from Sb3+ to Er3+ in CNIC is derived to be as high as 112. Moreover, CNIC:Sb‐Er is embedded into functional fibers to enhance the crystal stability and the composite flexibility, which form fluorescence fibers with strong radiation transition probability. Finally, a high‐precision temperature sensing is achieved based on FIR (fluorescence intensity ratios) technology, and the maximum relative sensitivities of CNIC:Sb‐Er phosphors and CNIC:Sb‐Er/PAN fibers reach 1.13 and 1.10% K−1, respectively, indicating that CNIC:Sb‐Er and CNIC:Sb‐Er/PAN fibers have potential applications in optical temperature sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a denoising scheme based on curvelet transform is proposed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for vibration sensing in phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ -OTDR) systems. The noise level can be estimated based on non-vibration images, which can be used to set the threshold for curvelet coefficients. We further optimize the threshold according to the amplitude distribution of the curvelet coefficients. In the experimental demonstration, when the optical pulse width is 100 ns, the SNR of location information of the 100 Hz vibration events can be increased by 6.93 dB, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method. • We propose to estimate the level of the noise using non-vibration images in distributed fiber sensing schemes, which can be used to set the threshold for curvelet coefficients. • An efficient denoising method with adaptive threshold is proposed to improve the denoising performance of Φ -OTDR system. • Experimental results show that the SNR of location information for the vibration source of 100 Hz increases from 5.69 dB to 12.62 dB, indicating a large improvement when compared with the traditional curvelet denoising method. The proposed denoising method eliminates the requirement of estimating the noise level and reduces noise effectively, which shows great potential in improving the performance of Φ -OTDR system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the forward asymptotical behavior of non-autonomous dynamical systems and their attractors are investigated. Under general conditions, the authors show that every neighborhood of pullback attractor has forward attracting property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Dy3+ doped multi-component tellurium-borate (MTB) glasses are identified to be an effective phosphor for laser-driven white illumination. Quantitative characterization of absolute spectrum parameter reveals that 2.0 wt% Dy 2 O 3 doped MTB glass processes excellent quantum yield as high as 14.42%. The color parameters of white fluorescence are effectively emendated by adjusting the sample size and the pumping power when the preferred doping concentration is determined. The chromaticity parameters including luminous flux, color coordinate and correlated color temperature in 5.48 × 2.28 × 2.11 cm3 bulk glass phosphor are derived to 3.21 lm, (0.350, 0.331) and 4719 K closed to the pure-white fluorescence when the excitation power is enhanced to 252.7 mW. Effective white fluorescence depended on controllable photon distribution demonstrates that Dy3+ doped MTB glasses have promising application in developing laser-driven white light sources. Graphical abstract fx1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Eu(BA) (TTA) 2 /PVP and Eu(BA) (TTA) 2 Phen/PVP are electrospun into nano-spider-web-like fibers with diameters about 100–300 nm. Differential luminescence behaviors are revealed under ultraviolet (UV) radiation and effectiveness of Phen ligand is verified in enhancing red emission behavior. Total emission photon number and luminous efficacy are derived to be 7.96 × 1013cps and 9.91%lm/W in Eu(BA) (TTA) 2 Phen/PVP fiber, respectively, which are 1.4 times higher than those of Eu(BA) (TTA) 2 /PVP fiber under the excitation of 367 nm UVA light emitting diode (UVA-LED) pump source. Similar results on absolute spectral parameters of the tri-ligand fibers under the excitation of 308 nm UVB light emitting diode (UVB-LED) further support the availability of europium-complexes/PVP spider-web-like fibers for red-light therapy. Improved emission behavior and higher photon emission indicate that europium-complexes/PVP spider-web-like fibers can play a positive role in absorbable and curative medical sutures. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Spider-web-like fibers are gotten from Eu(BA) (TTA) 2 /PVP and Eu(BA) (TTA) 2 Phen/PVP. • Differentiation of photon conversable effect is exposed under UV radiation. • Luminous efficacy of Eu(BA) (TTA) 2 Phen/PVP fibers is identified to be 9.91%lm/W. • Improvement of luminous efficacy is attributed to the contribution of Phen. • Photon quantification confirms the potential as a curative medical suture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi‐peak red fluorescence emissions in Sm3+‐doped multicomponent‐alkali‐alkaline‐borate (MCAAB) glasses for laser‐induced illumination are quantitatively characterized, revealing that the quantum yield (QY) is closely related with the wavelength of pumping sources. Under the excitation of 370 nm UVA‐LED, the net emission photon numbers of 1.00 wt% Sm2O3‐doped MCAAB glasses are derived to be 58.0 × 1012 cps, and the QY reaches to 25.3% which is about twice as much as 12.2% under 469 nm blue‐LED pumping, which is attributed to the better excitability in UVA spectral region. In order to extend the effective excitation range to UVB, Ce3+ is co‐doped in Sm3+‐doped MCAAB glasses as a sensitizer, which results in an enhancement of Sm3+ excitation intensity by a maximum sensitization factor of 9.16 in the UVB region. Absolute spectral parameters under 453 nm blue laser excitation exhibit that net emission photon numbers are up to 199.4 × 1012 cps in 1.00 wt% Sm2O3 doping case, and QY is solved to be 6.2%. Higher QY of the Sm3+‐doped MCAAB glasses is expected to be achieved by further adopting wavelength‐matched pumping laser, implying that Sm3+‐doped MCAAB glasses is a promising candidate as high power‐density light source in special laser‐induced illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging wearable and foldable electronic devices drive the development of flexible lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Carbon materials are considered as one of the most promising electrode materials for LIBs due to their light weight, low cost and good structural stability against repeated deformations. However, the specific capacity, rate capability and long-term cycling performance still need to be improved for their applications in next-generation LIBs. Herein, we report a facile approach for immobilizing phosphorus into a large-area carbon nanosheets/nanofibers interwoven free-standing paper for LIBs. As an anode material for LIBs, it shows high reversible capacity of 1100 mAh g −1 at a current density of 200 mA g −1 , excellent rate capabilities (e.g., 200 mAh g −1 at 20,000 mA g −1 ). Even at a high current density of 1000 mA g −1 , it still maintains a superior specific capacity of 607 mAh g −1 without obvious decay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerium and terbium ions doped strontium aluminosilicate polycrystalline phosphors with monoclinic structure identified to I2/c space group were synthesized by the high temperature solid-state reaction. Differential NUV-blue fluorescence behaviors of Ce 3+ were exhibited under UVB radiation, which were originated from the luminescence centers with different crystal field environment. Bright green fluorescence of Tb 3+ was released under UVA radiation, and with the intervention of Ce 3+ ions, the effective excitation spectral range of Tb 3+ ions was extended from UVA to UVB due to the energy transfer from Ce 3+ to Tb 3+ . Upon the excitation in extended region, the luminescence intensity of Tb 3+ was remarkably strengthened by a maximum fluorescence sensitization factor of ~152. These results demonstrate that Ce 3+ and Tb 3+ doped SrAl 2 Si 2 O 8 polycrystals are valuable NUV-blue and green phosphors, which have potential applications for phototherapy and color display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of strengthening of interaction between single fluorescent probes and polymer matrix to the probes' dynamics is investigated using single molecule fluorescence defocus microscopy. By introducing multiple hydroxyl groups to the fluorescent probes (perylene diimide derivatives) which builds up hydrogen bonds between the probe and polymer matrix, the dynamics is discovered to be retarded. This is evidenced by the lowering of the frequency of the vibrational modes in the power spectra of the rotation trajectories of individual fluorescent probes, and also by the decrease in population of rotating probes. The results show that by strengthening the probe-matrix interaction, the local dynamics detected by the probes is equivalent to that detected by a bigger probe, due to the enhanced friction between the probe and the polymer matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phosphorus (P) adsorption properties of an iron [Fe(0)]-rich substrate (IRS) composed of iron scraps and activated carbon were investigated based on iron–carbon micro-electrolysis (IC–ME) and compared to the substrates commonly used in constructed wetlands (CWs) to provide an initial characterization of the [Fe(0)]-rich substrate. The results showed that P was precipitated by Fe(III) dissolved from the galvanic cell reactions in the IRS and the reaction was suppressed by the pH and stopped when the pH exceeded 8.90 ± 0.09. The adsorption capacity of the IRS decreased by only 4.6% in the second round of adsorption due to Fe(0) consumption in the first round. Substrates with high Ca– and Mg–oxide contents and high Fe– and Al–oxide contents had higher P adsorption capacities at high and low pH values, respectively. Substrates containing high Fe and Al concentrations and low Ca concentrations were more resistant to decreases in the P adsorption capacity resulting from organic matter (OM) accumulation. The IRS with an iron scrap to activated carbon volume ratio of 3:2 resulted in the highest P adsorption capacity (9.34 ± 0.14 g P kg −1 ), with minimal pH change and strong adaptability to OM accumulation. The Fe(0)–rich substrate has the considerable potential for being used as a CW substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The excited-state properties of three hydroxyanthraquinone compounds from the Marine Crinoid Pterometra venusta were studied by TDDFT. • After the excitation procession the pull shrinkage deformation about the middle ring is slightly stronger in HAQ3 than HAQ1 and HAQ2. • For S 0 → S 1 excitation, HAQ1 and HAQ2 is the local excitation of π-π*, while HAQ3 presents S 0 → S 1 as n-π*charge transfer excitation characteristic. Three natural hydroxyanthraquinone compounds HAQ (1–3) extracted from the Marine Crinoid Pterometra venusta. In order to identify their photochemical and electronic excited state properties of them, the theoretical research of optoelectronic properties have been studied. Using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods, UV- absorbance and fluorescence emission spectra of HAQ (1–3) had been calculated. The results show that calculated spectra are very consistent with the experimental data. For S 0 → S 1 excitation, HAQ1 and HAQ2 are the local excitation of π-π*, while HAQ3 presents S 0 → S 1 as n-π*charge transfer excitation characteristic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combined process between micro-electrolysis and biological denitrification (MEBD) using iron scraps and an activated carbon-based micro-electrolysis carrier was developed for nitrogen removal under a microaerobic condition. The process provided NH 4 + –N and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies of 92.6% and 95.3%, respectively, and TN removal rate of 0.373 ± 0.11 kg N/(m 3 d) at corresponding DO of 1.0 ± 0.1 mg/L and HRT of 3 h, and the optimal pH of 7.6–8.4. High-throughput sequencing analysis verified that dominant classes belonged to β -, α -, and γ - Proteobacteria , and Nitrospira . The dominant genera Hydrogenophaga and Sphaerotilus significantly increased during the operation, covering 13.2% and 6.1% in biofilms attached to the carrier in the middle of the reactor, respectively. Autotrophic denitrification contributed to >80% of the TN removal. The developed MEBD achieved efficient simultaneous nitrification and autotrophic denitrification, presenting significant potential for application in practical low organic carbon water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Recycled glass powder (GP) can be used as Portland cement (PC) admixture in dredged sediment (DS) stabilization. • The effects of PC content, GP content, GP fineness and curing age on the strength development of PC-GP stabilized DS (CGDS) were investigated. • The optimum GP content inside CGDS tended to increase with the curing age evolution. • Incorporating suitable GP contributed to the formation of dense cemented soil matrix inside CGDS. Using glass powder (GP) as Portland cement (PC) helper in dredged sediment (DS) stabilization can achieve the double benefit of reducing PC dosage and recycling waste GP. This study evaluated the feasibility of using GP together with PC in improving the strength properties of DS. The effects of PC content, GP content, GP fineness and curing age on the strength development of PC-GP stabilized DS (CGDS) were investigated via a series of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests were conducted to analyze the strength evolution micro-mechanisms inside CGDS. The results showed that the UCS of CGDS increased monotonously with increasing PC content, and incorporating GP led to the strength gain of CGDS regardless of PC content. The optimum GP content tended to increase with increasing curing age and water content. The highest 28-day UCS of CGDS with water content of 50, 60 and 75% were respectively achieved at GP content of 15, 15 and 20%. Improving GP fineness can obviously improve the strength development of CGDS. The maximum strength growth rate (UCS gr) of CGDS with water content of 50, 60 and 75% were respectively achieved at PC content of 8, 8 and 10%, and increasing GP content and fineness resulted in UCS gr improvement. The 28-day UCS of CGDS can be predicted via the known 7-day UCS using proposed linear relation. The microstructural test results confirmed that incorporating suitable GP contributed to the formation of dense cemented soil matrix inside CGDS. The 10% PC admixing 15–20% GP with 2000-mesh number fineness is recommended to replace 15% PC for stabilizing DS containing 50–75% water content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A process combining micro-electrolysis and autotrophic denitrification (CEAD) with iron–carbon micro-electrolysis carriers was developed for nitrate removal. The process was performed using organic-free influent with a NO 3 − –N concentration of 40.0 ± 3.0 mg/L and provided an average nitrate removal efficiency of 95% in stable stages. The total nitrogen removal efficiency reached 75%, with 21% of NO 3 − –N converted into NH 4 + –N. The corresponding hydraulic retention time was 8–10 h, and the optimal pH ranged from 8.5 to 9.5. Microbial analysis with high-throughput sequencing revealed that dominant microorganisms in the reactor belonged to the classes of β-, γ-, and α-Proteobacteria. The abundance of the genera Thermomonas significantly increased during the operation, comprising 21.4% and 24.1% in sludge attached to the carriers in the middle and at the bottom of the reactor, respectively. The developed CEAD achieved efficient nitrate removal from water without organics, which is suitable for practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To both overcome the serious thermal recession problem and conserve energy for conventional eddy-current brakes, a self-excited and liquid-cooled electromagnetic retarder (SL-EMR) assembly is proposed. The design includes a stator with an internally cooled channel, a rotor with multiple magnetic heads, and an integrated generator without brushes. The assembly and operating principles are analyzed. Models of the braking and generating systems are established. The electromagnetic field model analysis, braking performance analysis, thermal field analysis, and generator characteristic analysis of the SL-EMR are simulated using the finite-element method (FEM). The SL-EMR performance is bench tested, and the results show a 6% difference between the FEM results and the experimental results. The integrated generator provides adequate exciting current for the braking system. The braking torque decreases by only 10.4% during continuous braking conditions. The braking torque reached 2000 \N\cdot \m when the speed was 1500 r/min and the coil current was 30 A. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We report a double-addition reaction of methyl phenyl sulfone and methyl 2-pyridyl sulfone with N- tert-butylsulfinyl imines. This method provides concise access to 2-sulfonylated 1,3- anti diamines with good to excellent diastereoselectivities. This protocol has the benefit of using readily accessible starting materials and is operationally simple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medium‐temperature molten Dy3+‐doped silicate (LNKBAS) glass phosphors can be excited efficiently in the low‐energy ultraviolet region (UVA). To this end, the addition of sensitizers Sb3+ and Ce3+ expands the validly excitable wavelength of Dy3+ from 348 to 248 nm. Fluorescence spectra demonstrate the superposition effect of the sensitization in the high‐energy ultraviolet region (UVC), and the multiplicative effect of sensitization in the UVA and medium‐energy ultraviolet region (UVB) for Sb3+–Ce3+–Dy3+ tri‐doped LNKBAS glass phosphors. The chromaticity coordinate of LNKBASCe0.04Sb0.1Dy1.0 is (0.2725, 0.3031) at 248 nm excitation, and the sensitization coefficient of LNKBASCe0.04Sb0.2Dy1.0 reaches at 19.85 under 309 nm excitation. Static fluorescence photographs and dynamic fluorescence video reveal the excitation expansion and the multiplicative effect of sensitization to Dy3+ by adding sensitizers at a macroscopic level. In general, the ideal rare‐earth energy conversion in medium‐temperature molten silicate glass phosphors offers promising prospects for saving energy and manufacturing high‐quality optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modified multiple ( $G^{\prime }/G$)-expansion method is proposed in this paper to construct exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations. The validity and advantage of the proposed method are illustrated by its application to the Sharma-Tasso-Olver equation. As a result, various exact solutions including hyperbolic functions, trigonometric functions and their mixture with parameters are obtained. When some parameters are taken as special values, the known double solitary-like wave solutions are derived from the double hyperbolic function solution. It is shown that the method introduced in this paper has general significance in searching for exact solutions to the nonlinear evolution equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome the serious thermal recession problem that has been associated with the braking torque of conventional eddy current brakes, and to conserve energy, this paper has proposed a novel self-excited eddy current retarder (S-ECR). The design includes a stator with an internally cooled channel, a rotor with double salient poles, and a built-in generator. The electromagnetic field analysis and the performance analysis of the S-ECR were carried out using the finite-element method. The S-ECR performance was tested at a test bench. The test results showed that the calculated braking torque and the generator performance were in reasonable agreement with the measured results. The braking performance did not obviously diminish during the continuous braking stage. When the speed was 1500 r/min and the exciting current was 30 A, the braking torque could reach 1600 N·m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A liquid-cooled eddy current retarder (ECR) with a dual salient poles design is proposed in this paper. Finite element models were developed to perform transient magnetic analysis and steady-state conjugate heat transfer analysis. The braking torque, eddy current field and thermal field of the retarder were each predicted. The retarder was subjected to two sets of tests on a test bench, to obtain the braking torque at various rotational speeds, while utilizing two different magnetomotive forces, respectively, and the torque was also tested while maintaining a constant rotational speed, for a specific amount of time. The good agreement shown between the calculations and measured data of the braking torque served to validate the analysis method. The experiments also showed that the braking torque of the retarder decreased more slowly than the braking torque of conventional ECRs in continuous operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We confirmed infection with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in giant pandas in China during 2009 by using virus isolation and serologic analysis methods. This finding extends the host range of influenza viruses and indicates a need for increased surveillance for and control of influenza viruses among giant pandas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic iron complex on sow reproductive performance and iron status of nursing pigs. At day 84 of gestation, a total of 58 PIC sows at five-parity were randomly assigned to two groups receiving diets containing organic iron complex (n=33) and ferrous sulfate (n=25). According to a 2×2 factorial design of treatments, nursing pigs (2.09±0.34kg) within a given litter were divided into two groups and given either an injection with or without iron (0 vs. 200mg/pig) on day three of lactation. The feeding trial lasted for 51 days, including 30 days of gestation and 21 days of lactation. The results showed that organic iron complex did not improve the reproductive performance of sows or the growth performance of piglets. In particular, nursing pigs injected with iron had greater individual body weight at day 21 of lactation compared to pigs that were not treated with iron (P<0.05). Compared with ferrous sulfate, organic iron complex significantly increased the Cu content in mature milk (P<0.01), and the serum iron concentration at day one of lactation (P<0.05), as well as ceruloplasmin activity at day 21 of lactation (P<0.01). Piglets from sows fed organic iron complex tended to have a greater total iron binding capacity (P=0.08) and ceruloplasmin activity (P=0.05) at day 10 of lactation, and tended to have a higher concentration of hemoglobin (P=0.08), total iron binding capacity (P<0.01) and serum iron (P<0.01) at day 21 of lactation compared with piglets from sows fed ferrous sulfate. Piglets injected with iron had a greater red blood cell count (P<0.01), hemoglobin (P<0.01), serum iron (P<0.01) and total iron binding capacity (P<0.05) at day 10 and 21 of lactation compared to piglets that were not treated with iron. In conclusion, organic iron complex had minor positive effects on the iron status of sows and nursing pigs, but did not significantly improve the performance of sows and their offspring. Therefore, attempts to replace the commonly used Fe injection with a maternal organic iron complex dietary supplement failed to prevent iron-deficiency anemia of nursing pigs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]