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Structural vibrations are widespread in various structures and contain abundant vibration energy. While numerous studies have focused on harvesting vibration energy from beams, plates, and cylinders, few have addressed the longitudinal vibration energy harvesting from rods, thus presenting challenges in achieving broadband vibration energy harvesting from longitudinally vibrating rods. Considering the engineering context and existing limitations, this study investigates the broadband harvesting of longitudinal vibration energy from a rod system. The study introduces a longitudinal vibration energy trapping mechanism (LVETM), with variable stiffness equipment as its key component. It validates the theory for broadband harvesting of longitudinal vibration energy in the rod system using variable stiffness support. The stiffness coefficients of the LVETM can be effectively controlled by altering its state, thereby laying the foundation for the theory of broadband harvest of longitudinal vibration energy in rod systems. Additionally, the output voltage responses from the longitudinally vibrating rod system indicate a region for broadband vibration energy harvesting. Within this region, controlling the states of LVETM can enhance the output voltage responses of the longitudinally vibrating rod. Overall, this research presents an effective method for broadband harvesting of vibration energy from longitudinally vibrating rods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, Mn, Fe, and Ni single atoms are designed to be embedded into the six‐membered cavity of the adjacent graphite phase carbon nitride layer, and the 2p orbitals of interlayer N atoms are hybridized with 3d orbitals of the Mn, Fe, and Ni single atom to form Mn–N–Fe–N–Ni charge transfer bridge throughout the six‐membered cavity of the graphite phase carbon nitride. The DFT calculations provide a clear explanation for how the p–d orbital hybridization of Mn–N–Fe–N–Ni atoms facilitate the creation of a charge‐transfer pathway. This pathway, which is located in the Mn–N–Fe–N–Ni charge‐transfer bridge, serve as the catalyst for the degradation of oxytetracycline hydrochloride through photocatalysis. The photoatalytic activity is much higher than the graphite phase carbon nitride. The effects of the Mn–N–Fe–N–Ni charge transfer bridge on the migration of photogenerated carriers, photocatalytic degradation performance, and degradation mechanism are discussed in detail. In order to improve the degradation efficiency of oxytetracycline hydrochloride, the Mn–N–Fe–N–Ni charge‐transfer bridge is utilized to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under visible light exposure. The factors affecting the activation of PMS for oxytetracycline hydrochloride degradation are thoroughly investigated, and the degradation mechanism is also analyzed. This research contributes to a better comprehension of the photo‐assisted Fenton‐like effect of single‐atom photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gut bacteria, which serve as essential modulators, exert a significant impact on insect physiology and behavior and have substantial application potential in pest management. The dynamics of gut bacteria and their impact on Phortica okadai behavior remain unclear. Methods: In this study, the dynamics of gut bacteria at different developmental stages in P. okadai were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, and the species and abundance of gut bacteria that affect host behavior were examined via behavioral experiments. Results: A total of 19 phyla, 29 classes, 74 orders, 101 species, and 169 genera were identified. The results of the behavioral experiments indicated that the species Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis, Acetobacter tropicalis, Leuconostoc citreum, and Levilactobacillus brevis effectively influenced the feeding preference of P. okadai, and the single-bacterium-seeded P. okadai exhibited feeding preferences distinct from those of the germ-free (GF) and wild-type P. okadai. Conclusions: The species and relative abundance of gut bacteria together positively impact P. okadai behavior. Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis, as the most attractive bacteria to P. okadai, presents opportunities for novel pest control strategies targeting this vector and agricultural pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CO-dark molecular gas (DMG), which refers to the molecular gas not traced by CO emission, is crucial for the evolution of the interstellar medium (ISM). While the gas properties of DMG have been widely explored in the Solar neighborhood, whether or not they are similar in the outer disk regions of the Milky Way is still not well understood. In this Letter, we confirm the existence of DMG toward a cold H I arc structure at 13 kpc away from the Galactic center with both OH emission and H I narrow self-absorption (HINSA). This is the first detection of HINSA in the outer disk region, in which the HINSA fraction (NHINSA/NH2 = 0.022 ± 0.011) is an order of magnitude higher than the average value observed in nearby evolved dark clouds, but is consistent with that of the early evolutionary stage of dark clouds. The inferred H2 column density from both extinction and OH emission (NH2 ≈ 1020 cm−2) is an order of magnitude higher than previously estimated. Although the ISM environmental parameters are expected to be different between the outer Galactic disk regions and the Solar neighborhood, we find that the visual extinction (AV = 0.19 ± 0.03 mag), H2-gas density (nH2 = 91 ± 46 cm−3), and molecular fraction (58% ± 28%) of the DMG are rather similar to those of nearby diffuse molecular clouds. The existence of DMG associated with the expanding H I supershell supports a scenario where the expansion of supershells may trigger the formation of molecular clouds within a crossing timescale of the shock wave (∼106 yr). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Futile recanalization (FR) after endovascular treatment (EVT) remains a significant challenge for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusion (LVO). The pathogenesis of FR has not been well elucidated. We prospectively enrolled anterior circulation LVO-AIS patients who achieved successful recanalization after EVT. The jugular venous blood ipsilateral to stroke was collected before and immediately after recanalization. Plasma proteomic analysis based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed using data-independent acquisition method. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) among patients with or without FR in the whole or propensity score matching (PSM) cohorts were screened according to the absolute value of fold change ≥1.5 and P value <0.05. We identified 104 and 34 DEPs between patients with or without FR in the whole cohort and PSM cohort, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the identified proteins were primarily related to specific biological processes including immune response, complement activation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, protein ubiquitylation as well as autophagy, suggesting that these may be mechanisms in FR pathogenesis. Collectively, we discovered proteins that may be potential research targets for FR. The combination of proteomic and bioinformatic analysis could provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of FR in a comprehensive manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs), the brightest cosmic explosion in radio bands, remains unknown. We introduce here a novel method for a comprehensive analysis of active FRBs' behaviors in the time-energy domain. Using "Pincus Index" and "Maximum Lyapunov Exponent", we were able to quantify the randomness and chaoticity, respectively, of the bursting events and put FRBs in the context of common transient physical phenomena, such as pulsar, earthquakes, and solar flares. In the bivariate time-energy domain, repeated FRB bursts' behaviors deviate significantly (more random, less chaotic) from pulsars, earthquakes, and solar flares. The waiting times between FRB bursts and the corresponding energy changes exhibit no correlation and remain unpredictable, suggesting that the emission of FRBs does not exhibit the time and energy clustering observed in seismic events. The pronounced stochasticity may arise from a singular source with high entropy or the combination of diverse emission mechanisms/sites. Consequently, our methodology serves as a pragmatic tool for illustrating the congruities and distinctions among diverse physical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionAnalyze the impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on neuroprotection and recovery post severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) resuscitation.Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 83 sTBI patients admitted between January 2022 to January 2024. Patients were divided into control (n = 41) and observation (n = 42) groups based on treatment received. Control received standard therapy, while the observation group received hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Effects on clinical outcomes, neuroinjury markers (S100β, GFAP, UCH-L1, NSE), neurotrophic factors (NGF, BDNF), neurological function indicators (NIHSS, CSS), and adverse reactions were compared.The observation group showed a higher total effective rate (80.95%) compared to control (60.98%) (p < 0.05). Neuroinjury markers decreased post-treatment in both groups, with the observation group lower (p < 0.05). NGF and BDNF levels increased post-treatment in both groups, with the observation group higher (p < 0.05). NIHSS and CSS scores decreased post-treatment in both groups, with the observation group lower (p < 0.05). No significant difference in adverse reactions between groups (p > 0.05).Hyperbaric oxygen therapy effectively treats sTBI by improving brain resuscitation success, reducing neuroinjury factors, enhancing neurotrophic factors, and promoting neurological function recovery, without increasing adverse reaction risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the extraction of hypoglycemic peptides from food proteins has gained increasing attention. Neuropeptides, hormone peptides, antimicrobial peptides, immune peptides, antioxidant peptides, hypoglycemic peptides and antihypertensive peptides have become research hotspots. In this study, bioinformatic methods were used to screen and predict the properties of pig collagen-derived hypoglycemic peptides, and their inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase were determined in vitro. Two peptides (RL and NWYR) were found to exhibit good water solubility, adequate ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity) properties, potentially high biological activity, and non-toxic. After synthesizing these peptides, NWYR showed the best inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase with IC50 = 0.200±0.040 mg/mL, and it can regulate a variety of biological processes, play a variety of molecular functions in different cellular components, and play a hypoglycemic role by participating in diabetic cardiomyopathy and IL-17 signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that NWYR had the best binding effect with the core target DPP4 (4n8d), with binding energy of -8.8 kcal/mol. NWYR mainly bonded with the target protein through hydrogen bonding, and bound with various amino acid residues such as Asp-729, Gln-731, Leu-765, etc., thus affecting the role of the target in each pathway. It is the best core target for adjuvant treatment of T2DM. In short, NWYR has the potential to reduce type 2 diabetes, providing a basis for further research or food applications as well as improved utilization of pig by-products. However, in subsequent studies, it is necessary to further verify the hypoglycemic ability of porcine collagen active peptide (NWYR), and explore the hypoglycemic mechanism of NWYR from multiple perspectives such as key target genes, protein expression levels and differences in metabolites in animal models of hyperglycemia, which will provide further theoretical support for its improvement in the treatment of T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellar cervical epidural abscess (CEA) is a rare condition with potentially permanent neurological damage if left untreated. This study aims to define the clinical presentation of brucellar CEA and evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment, specifically decompression and fusion surgery. The findings will contribute to understanding whether all patients with brucellar CEA could benefit from this surgical intervention. A retrospective study on brucellar spondylitis was conducted at the First Hospital of Jilin University from August 2018 to August 2022. During this period, a total of 37 patients were diagnosed with brucellar spondylitis at the hospital. Out of the 37 cases, six patients (16.2%) were confirmed to have CEA through cervical magnetic resonance imaging examination and serology test results.. Six patients were diagnosed with brucellar CEA (16.2%), of whom 5 successfully underwent anterior cervical decompression and fusion surgery. One patient had a large prevertebral abscess that could only be drained. In combination with effective antibiotic therapy, the clinical performance of the 5 patients who underwent surgery improved after the surgery. The remaining one patient required delayed surgery due to instability of the cervical spine. The follow-up period of all the 6 patients was 6 months. Brucellosis should be considered as a potential cause of CEA, especially in endemic areas. Timely detection and effective management of this condition are crucial in order to minimize the associated morbidity and mortality. For patients with detectable brucellar CEA, we recommend decompression and fusion surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed at developing and comparing prediction models based on Sonovue and Sonazoid contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in predicting pathologic grade and microvascular invasion (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Also investigated was whether Kupffer phase images have additional predictive value for the above pathologic features. Ninety patients diagnosed with primary HCC who had undergone curative hepatectomy were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent conventional ultrasound (CUS), Sonovue-CEUS and Sonazoid-CEUS examinations pre-operatively. Clinical, radiologic and pathologic features including pathologic grade, MVI and CD68 expression were collected. We developed prediction models comprising clinical, CUS and CEUS (Sonovue and Sonazoid, respectively) features for pathologic grade and MVI with both the logistic regression and machine learning (ML) methods. Forty-one patients (45.6%) had poorly differentiated HCC (p-HCC) and 37 (41.1%) were MVI positive. For pathologic grade, the logistic model based on Sonazoid-CEUS had significantly better performance than that based on Sonovue-CEUS (area under the curve [AUC], 0.929 vs. 0.848, p = 0.035), whereas for MVI, these two models had similar accuracy (AUC, 0.810 vs. 0.786, p = 0.068). Meanwhile, we found that well-differentiated HCC tended to have a higher enhancement ratio in 6–12 min during the Kupffer phase of Sonazoid-CEUS, as well as higher CD68 expression compared with p-HCC. In addition, all of these models can effectively predict the risk of recurrence (p < 0.05). Sonovue-CEUS and Sonazoid-CEUS were comparably excellent in predicting MVI, while Sonazoid-CEUS was superior to Sonovue-CEUS in predicting pathologic grade because of the Kupffer phase. The enhancement ratio in the Kupffer phase has additional predictive value for pathologic grade prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the combination of deep learning and side-channel analysis has received extensive attention. Previous research has shown that the key recovery problem can be transformed into a classification problem. The performance of these models strongly depends on the size of the dataset and the number of instances in each target class. The training time is very long. In this paper, the key recovery problem is transformed into a similarity measurement problem in Siamese neural networks. We use simulated power traces and true power traces to form power pairs to augment data and simplify key recovery steps. The trace pairs are selected based on labels and added to the training to improve model performance. The model adopts a Siamese, CNN-based architecture, and it can evaluate the similarity between the inputs. The correct key is revealed by the similarity of different trace pairs. In experiments, three datasets are used to evaluate our method. The results show that the proposed method can be successfully trained with 1000 power traces and has excellent attack efficiency and training speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the rate of adverse events (AEs) caused by intravenous administration of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles in abdominal and superficial applications retrospectively and to explore practical measures for prevention and treatment of them. Materials and methods: This study enrolled 83,778 contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examinations using sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles intravenously performed during 11 years. Age, gender, and target organs of all CEUS patients were recorded. For cases of AEs, their medical history and laboratory results were also collected. The process of AEs was assessed and categorized. Besides, the management of AEs were recorded. Results: Twenty patients had sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles-related AEs. The AE rate was 0.024%. No significant difference was observed between patients with AEs and the whole group for age and sex distribution. All AEs happened in liver examinations. Among them, 7 (35%) were mild, 8 (40%) were moderate, and 5 (25%) were severe. They were categorized into 15 allergic-like reactions and 5 physiologic reactions. The manifestations of mild and moderate AEs mainly include urticaria, chills, and mild hypoxia, which could be eased by simple management. Severe cases had anaphylactic shock, generalized convulsions, and diffuse erythema with hypotension respectively. They need close monitoring and oxygen inhalation with anti-shock and anti-anaphylactic treatment. Most cases started within 30 min and recovered within 1 day. Conclusions: Intravenous administration of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles in abdominal and superficial applications was safe with rare AEs. AEs were more likely to happen in abdominal applications than superficial ones. A well-designed emergency plan should be available for clinical use of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles to reduce AEs and to deal with AEs properly. Critical relevance statement: Intravenous administration of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles in abdominal and superficial applications reported few AEs and could be considered safe but severe AEs are life-threatening. We analyzed the influence factors of AEs and propose some methods for prevention and treatment of them, which can further improve the safety of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles in clinical practice. Key points: • The AE rate of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles in abdominal and superficial applications was 0.024%. • Patients were more likely to have AEs in abdominal applications than superficial ones. • Severe AEs are life-threatening and need prompt identification and treatment. • We summarized some detailed suggestions for clinical prevention and treatment of AEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel substituted uracil-1'(N)-acetic acid esters (5–9) and 4-pyridone-1'(N)-acetic acid esters (10–11) of 20(S)-camptothecins (CPTs) have been synthesized by the acylation method. All of these new esters were assayed for in vitro cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines A549, Bel7402, BGC-823, HCT-8 and A2780. The in vitro bioassay results showed that all the synthesized compounds 5–11 had cytotoxities that were higher than TPT and comparable to CPT on these five tumor cell lines, some of them even showed comparable or superior cytotoxic activity to CPT. The in vitro data exhibited the cytotoxicity of the ester depended on that of its parent compound. The ester 5, 6, 8, 10, 11 even possessed the cytotoxity activity comparable to or even a little better than CPT on A549, HCT-8 and A2780. The compound 11 had the same level of cytoxity on Bel7402 as that of CPT. Here the synthesis and the in vitro antitumor evaluation of a series of novel 20-O-linked substituted uracil-1'(N)-acetic acid and 4-pyridone-1'(N)-acetic acid esters derivatives of CPTs are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report measurements of H  i content in 11 nearby, actively star-forming, blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDs) from 21 cm observations with the Arecibo telescope. These BCDs, selected by their red (W2[4.6  |$\mu$| m]−W3[12  |$\mu$| m]>3.8 mag) and bright mid-infrared (MIR) emission (W4[22  |$\mu$| m]<7.6 mag), have high specific star formation rates (median sSFR ∼10−7.8 yr−1), similar to high redshift galaxies. H  i emission was detected in six sources. We analyse our new detections in the context of previous H  i observations of 218 dwarf irregulars (dIs) and BCDs in the literature. The M H  i – M * relation resulting from our observations confirms the dominating fraction of H  i gas among baryons in galaxies with lower stellar masses. This Arecibo BCD sample has significantly lower median H  i depletion time-scales (τ H i ∼ 0.3 Gyr) than other dIs/BCDs (∼ 6.3 Gyr) in the literature. The majority of the sources (10/11) in the Arecibo sample are very red in W1[3.4  |$\mu$| m]−W2[4.6  |$\mu$| m] colour (>0.8 mag) implying the presence of warm dust. We investigate the relation of τHI with stellar mass (M *) and sSFR. We find that τH  i is significantly anticorrelated with M * for higher sSFR (>10−8.5 yr−1) and with sSFR for higher stellar mass (⁠|$\gt 10^{7.5}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$|⁠) dwarf galaxies. The high sSFR for the BCDs in the Arecibo observed sample is mainly due to their high atomic gas star formation efficiency (SFE) or low τH  i . The low τH  i or high SFE in these sources is possibly due to runaway star formation in compact and dense super star clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Timely recognition of futile recanalization might enable a prompt response and an improved outcome in post-thrombectomy patients. This study aims to evaluate whether postoperative blood glucose increase (BGI) could act as an indicator of futile recanalization in patients receiving a successful thrombectomy. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective analysis of patients with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion and successful thrombectomy between February 2019 and June 2022. BGI was defined as a higher level of blood glucose at the first postoperative morning than at admission. Futile recanalization was defined as patients with a modified Rankin Scale score of 3–6 at 90 days after onset. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to assess the association of BGI with futile recanalization. Results: A total of 276 patients were enrolled, amongst which 120 patients (43.5%) had BGI. Futile recanalization was more prevalent among patients with BGI compared to those without (70.0 vs. 49.4%, P = 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, BGI was associated with a higher likelihood of futile recanalization (adjusted OR: 2.97, 95%CI: 1.50–5.86, P = 0.002). This association was consistently observed regardless of diabetes history, occlusion site, time from symptom onset to groin puncture, or reperfusion status. Conclusion: Our findings support BGI serving as an indicator of futile recanalization in patients with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion and successful thrombectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Timely recognition of futile recanalization might enable a prompter response and thus improve outcomes in patients receiving successful thrombectomy. This study aims to evaluate whether postoperative fibrinogen‐to‐albumin ratio (FAR) could act as an indicator of futile recanalization. Methods: This is a single‐center, retrospective analysis of patients with acute anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion and successful thrombectomy between May 2019 and June 2022. FAR was defined as postoperative blood levels of fibrinogen divided by those of albumin, and dichotomized into high and low levels based on the Youden index. Futile recanalization was defined as patients achieving a successful recanalization with a modified Rankin Scale score of 3–6 at 90 days. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of FAR with futile recanalization. Results: A total of 255 patients were enrolled, amongst which 87 patients (34.1%) had high postoperative FAR. Futile recanalization was more prevalent among patients with high FAR compared to those with low FAR (74.7% vs. 53.0%, p =.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, high postoperative FAR was found to independently correspond with the occurrence of futile recanalization (adjusted OR 2.40, 95%CI 1.18–4.87, p =.015). This association was consistently observed regardless of prior antithrombotic therapy, treatment of intravenous thrombolysis, occlusion site, time from symptom onset to groin puncture, and reperfusion status. Conclusion: Our findings support high postoperative FAR serving as an indicator of futile recanalization in patients with anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion and successful thrombectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genomic components of multipartite viruses are encapsidated in separate virus particles, and the frequencies of genomic components represent one of the key genetic features. Many begomoviruses of economic significance are bipartite, and the details of the association between their genomic components remain largely unexplored. We first analyzed the temporal dynamics of the quantities of DNA-A and DNA-B and the B/A ratio of the squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV) in plants and found that while the quantities of DNA-A and DNA-B varied significantly during infection, the B/A ratio remained constant. We then found that changes in the B/A ratio in agrobacteria inoculum may significantly alter the B/A ratio in plants at 6 days post inoculation, but the differences disappeared shortly thereafter. We next showed that while the quantities of DNA-A and DNA-B among plants infected by agrobacteria, sap transmission and whitefly-mediated transmission differed significantly, the B/A ratios were similar. Further analysis of gene expression revealed that the ratio of the expression of genes encoded by DNA-A and DNA-B varied significantly during infection. Finally, we monitored the temporal dynamics of the quantities of DNA-A and DNA-B and the B/A ratio of another bipartite begomovirus, and a constant B/A ratio was similarly observed. Our findings highlight the maintenance of a constant ratio between the two genomic components of bipartite begomoviruses during infection and transmission, and provide new insights into the biology of begomoviruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acquiring homogeneous and reproducible wafer-scale transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) films is crucial for modern electronics. Metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) offers a promising approach for scalable production and large-area integration. However, during MOCVD synthesis, extraneous carbon incorporation due to organosulfur precursor pyrolysis is a persistent concern, and the role of unintentional carbon incorporation remains elusive. Here, we report the large-scale synthesis of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin films, accompanied by the formation of amorphous carbon layers. Using Raman, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we confirm how polycrystalline MoS2 combines with extraneous amorphous carbon layers. Furthermore, by fabricating field-effect transistors (FETs) using the carbon-incorporated MoS2 films, we find that traditional n-type MoS2 can transform into p-type semiconductors owing to the incorporation of carbon, a rare occurrence among TMDC materials. This unexpected behavior expands our understanding of TMDC properties and opens up new avenues for exploring novel device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a special issue of the journal Chemistry, dedicated to the research career of Prof. Dr. Itamar Willner. The issue includes 8 reviews and 12 research articles on the topic of functional biomolecule-based composites and nanostructures. Contributors from China, the USA, Japan, and Canada have contributed to this issue. Prof. Willner is a professor of Chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and has made significant contributions to the fields of supramolecular chemistry, DNA nanotechnology, and molecular self-assembly, among others. The articles in this issue cover a wide range of topics, including DNA nanodevices, DNA-based sensors, DNA computation, and the applications of other functional biomolecule-based composites. [Extracted from the article]

Dilaridae are a distinctive and phylogenetically ambiguous neuropteran family. So far, the anatomy of the immature stages remains largely unknown. We examined the 1st instar larvae of Dilar montanus in detail and present results of live observations for the first time. The minute, cryptic larvae display features correlated with their underground lifestyle: for instance, a strongly flattened head, stout antennae, eyelessness, and burrowing forelegs. In contrast to molecular data, several characters suggest a 'dilarid clade' combining Dilaridae with Mantispoidea, for instance a very thin and curved or reduced tentorial bridge, and an elongated postmentum. We found intrinsic antennal muscles and Johnston's organ, the first record of these structures in holometabolous larvae. This proves that the first 2 larval antennomeres are homologous with the scapus and pedicellus. The described characters are discussed and analyzed with an updated matrix of neuropteran larval characters. Alternative scenarios of character evolution are presented. Additionally, we show how the 1st‐instar larvae move and feed in the substrate, and also provide a high‐resolution video recording of the function of the elongate tubular ovipositor and the egg‐laying behavior in an adult female under natural conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, diatomite has been successfully adopted in asphalt modification to overcome the problems of polymer modified asphalt, because of the advantages in wide sources, low price, and worthy technical characteristics. Although the improvement of the high-temperature performance of the modified diatomite asphalt has been verified in previous studies, the diatomite will bring negative impact on the low-temperature resistance. Hence, the objective of this study is to seek a new channel to improve the comprehensive performance of the diatomite modified asphalt binder. Considering the advantage of the SBR in improving the low-temperature performance of asphalt binder, the diatomite/SBR composite modified asphalt binder (DSA) and the corresponding preparation technology are developed to obtain an improved comprehensive performance via the orthogonal experiment method in this study. Moreover, the modification mechanisms of the DSA are revealed using fluorescence microscopy (FM) tests, Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) tests, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, ultra-thin nanofiber PDI was obtained by self-assembly dispersion of commercial PDINH. A novel Co/Ni-MOF-74@PDI Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst material was constructed by a simple solvothermal method. XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR and other characterization techniques proved the successful preparation of the Co/Ni-MOF-74@PDI Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst material. By degrading chlortetracycline hydrochloride, it was found that the photocatalytic activity of Co/Ni-MOF-74@PDI was much higher than that of pure Co/Ni-MOF-74 and PDI. Subsequently, Co/Ni-MOF-74@PDI was used to activate H2O2 to further improve the degradation efficiency of chlortetracycline hydrochloride. It was found that the photocatalytic performance was greatly improved after the addition of 19.6 mM H2O2 to the system, and the degradation rate of chlortetracycline hydrochloride was 87% within 90 min. The electron transfer pathway and H2O2 activation mechanism of the Co/Ni-MOF-74@PDI composite photocatalyst were proved by free radical quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance analysis and X-ray electron spectroscopy. Finally, the easy exfoliation point and degradation pathway of chlortetracycline hydrochloride were studied using density functional theory, UPLC-MS and toxicity evaluation software. It was found that the main active substances were h+, ˙O2, 1O2 and ˙OH, and the toxicity of chlortetracycline hydrochloride and its intermediates was evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jinhai Bridge (China) is a cable-stayed bridge with a single deck carrying a double rail track in the middle and three highway lanes on each side. The structural design combines a rigid frame with continuous spans, effectively improving the overall structural rigidity to meet the requirements for railway traffic and minimising the temperature effect from a long continuous structure. The deck girder is a steel box with large cantilever flanges, which is cost effective. The steel pylons are designed with four legs located on top of the deck instead of on the pile cap in order to minimise the size of the pile foundation. To improve construction efficiency, the main girder and pylons were prefabricated into large-scale components and erected using heavy equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfluidic manipulation of particles usually relies on their cross-stream migration. A center- or wall-directed motion has been reported for particles leading or lagging the Poiseuille flow of viscoelastic polyethylene oxide (PEO) solution via positive or negative electrophoresis. Such electro-elastic migration is exactly opposite to the electro-inertial migration of particles in a Newtonian fluid flow. We demonstrate here through the top- and side-view imaging that the leading and lagging particles in the electro-hydrodynamic flow of PEO solution migrate toward the centerline and corners of a rectangular microchannel, respectively. Each of these electro-elastic particle migrations is reduced in the PEO solution with shorter polymers though neither of them exhibits a strong dependence on the particle size. Both phenomena can be reasonably explained by the theory in terms of the ratios of the forces involved in the process. Decreasing the PEO concentration causes the particle migration to shift from the viscoelastic mode to the Newtonian mode, for which the magnitude of the imposed electric field is found to play an important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Having good collaterals is associated with better clinical outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy. This study aims to evaluate whether the effect of collateral status on functional outcomes is modified by volemia at admission. Methods: This is a single‐center, retrospective analysis of patients who had acute proximal anterior circulation occlusion and underwent endovascular thrombectomy between January 2019 and June 2022. Volemia at admission, evaluated by blood urea nitrogen‐to‐creatinine ratio, was used to dichotomize patients into dehydrated and hydrated groups. The primary outcome was functional independence (90‐day modified Rankin Scale score = 0–2). Secondary outcomes were the rates of successful reperfusion, 24‐h symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and 90‐day all‐cause mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the interaction between collateral status and volemia at admission on outcomes. Results: A total of 290 patients were enrolled, among whom having good collaterals was associated with functional independence (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41–5.22, p = 0.003). Having good collaterals benefited dehydrated patients (adjusted OR = 3.33, 95% CI = 1.45–7.63, p = 0.004) but not hydrated patients (adjusted OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 0.73–6.68, p = 0.161). However, an interaction between collaterals and volemia at admission on functional independence was not observed (p = 0.319). The rates of successful reperfusion, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and all‐cause mortality were similar between those with good and poor collaterals in both dehydrated and hydrated patients. Conclusions: The effect of collateral status on the functional independence of patients undergoing thrombectomy is not modified by volemia at admission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genomic components of multipartite viruses are encapsidated in separate virus particles, and the frequencies of genomic components represent one of the key genetic features. Many begomoviruses of economic significance are bipartite, and the details of the association between their genomic components remain largely unexplored. We first analyzed the temporal dynamics of the quantities of DNA-A and DNA-B and the B/A ratio of the squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV) in plants and found that while the quantities of DNA-A and DNA-B varied significantly during infection, the B/A ratio remained constant. We then found that changes in the B/A ratio in agrobacteria inoculum may significantly alter the B/A ratio in plants at 6 days post inoculation, but the differences disappeared shortly thereafter. We next showed that while the quantities of DNA-A and DNA-B among plants infected by agrobacteria, sap transmission and whitefly-mediated transmission differed significantly, the B/A ratios were similar. Further analysis of gene expression revealed that the ratio of the expression of genes encoded by DNA-A and DNA-B varied significantly during infection. Finally, we monitored the temporal dynamics of the quantities of DNA-A and DNA-B and the B/A ratio of another bipartite begomovirus, and a constant B/A ratio was similarly observed. Our findings highlight the maintenance of a constant ratio between the two genomic components of bipartite begomoviruses during infection and transmission, and provide new insights into the biology of begomoviruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Although intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) has not shown confirmative effects on the outcomes of patients receiving successful thrombectomy, it might influence the outcomes of a subset of these patients. This study aims to evaluate whether the effects of IVT depend on final reperfusion grade in patients with successful thrombectomy. Methods: This is a single‐center, retrospective analysis of patients with an acute anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion and a successful thrombectomy between January 2020 and June 2022. Final reperfusion grade was evaluated by the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score, which was dichotomized into incomplete (mTICI 2b) and complete (mTICI 3) reperfusion. The primary outcome was functional independence (90‐day modified Rankin Scale score 0–2). Safety outcomes were 24‐h symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and 90‐day all‐cause mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the interactions between IVT treatment and final reperfusion grade on outcomes. Results: When comparing all 167 patients enrolled in the study, IVT did not influence the extent of functional independence (adjusted OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.65–2.95; p = 0.397). The effect of IVT on functional independence depended on final reperfusion grade (p = 0.016). IVT benefited patients with incomplete reperfusion (adjusted OR: 3.70; 95% CI 1.21–11.30; p = 0.022), but not those with complete reperfusion (adjusted OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.14–1.59; p = 0.229). IVT was not associated with 24‐h symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (p = 0.190) or 90‐day all‐cause mortality (p = 0.545). Conclusions: The effect of IVT on functional independence depended on final reperfusion grade in patients with successful thrombectomy. IVT appeared to benefit patients with incomplete reperfusion, but not those with complete reperfusion. Because reperfusion grade cannot be determined prior to endovascular treatment, this study argues against withholding IVT in IVT‐eligible patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Forming Limit Stress Diagram (FLSD) can accurately describe the forming process of high-strength steel. However, obtaining FLSD is relatively difficult. In order to predict fracture in advanced high-strength dual-phase (DP) steels, limit maximum and limit minimum principal strains of sheet were obtained through multiple sets of test and simulation. Two material parameters, strength coefficient K and hardening exponent n are introduced into the FLSD function which is established by the strain-stress transformation function. The function shows that the k-value determines the value of the maximum principal stress, while the n-value affects the curvature of the curve. Verification of correctness by testing and simulation to within 10% accuracy. This paper explores a new approach to FLSD research based on material properties, which can expand the application scope of FLSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chainmail catalyst by encapsulating an active species within the carbon support is a well‐established concept to endorse extraordinary stability for catalytic reactions under harsh conditions. Conventional chainmail catalysts inevitably suffer from poor accessibility to active sites, leading to extra voltage to compensate the sluggish diffusion kinetics in electrocatalysis. Herein, the naturally abundant wood material is converted into a monolithic chainmail electrocatalyst by encapsulating cobalt nanoparticles within N‐doped carbonized wood. Such a monolithic chainmail catalyst is employed directly as electrode for hydrogen evolution (HER), oxygen evolution (OER), and monosaccharide oxidation reactions (MOR) with benchmark performance. By coupling the HER with MOR, the electrolyzer equipped with the monolithic chainmail catalyst allows hydrogen production at a current density of 100 mA cm−2 with a full cell voltage of only 1.36 V. Such design of wood‐derived chainmail catalyst provides a promising way to fabricate robust electrocatalysts for future production of hydrogen and value‐added chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The mineral nutrient concentrations in plants are usually decreased under elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]), while warm root‐zone temperature (RZT) can improve plant growth and the absorption of mineral nutrients in plants. Aims: The effects of RZT on the growth and mineral nutrient concentrations in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were investigated under different [CO2] levels. Methods: A soil‐cultured pot experiment was carried out on cucumber plants under two [CO2] levels (ambient and elevated) and two RZT levels (cold and warm) in four open‐top chambers. Results: Although elevated [CO2] promoted root growth, it did not counteract the decrease in the concentration of nitrogen ([N]), potassium ([K]), calcium ([Ca]), and magnesium ([Mg]) in cucumber plants due to the decreased mass flow indicated by the decreased transpiration rate (Tr) under cold RZT. In comparison, warm RZT increased the [N], [K], [Ca], and [Mg] in cucumber plants under elevated [CO2], attributed to a higher Tr and better root growth. In addition, the concentration of phosphorus ([P]), iron ([Fe]), manganese ([Mn]), and zinc ([Zn]) in cucumber plants was maintained or increased under elevated [CO2] by the promoted root growth related to interception by warm RZT. Conclusions: Under elevated [CO2], warm RZT could ensure the [N], [K], [Ca], and [Mg] in cucumber plants mainly by increasing the Tr and improving the root growth. Whereas warm RZT maintained or increased [P], [Fe], [Mn], and [Zn] primarily relied on the improved interception as indicated by the better root growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We searched for evidence of subpulse drifting and micropulses from eight pulsars. Our observations were carried out using the ultra-wide-bandwidth receiver installed on the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), as part of the pilot program for the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey (CRAFTS). For three pulsars (PSRs J0426+4933, J0815+4611, J1529+40), we detected single pulses for the first time. Four pulsars [PSRs J0426+4933, J0815+4611, J1529+40, J1945−0040 (B1942–00)] were observed to undergo subpulse drifting. Notable features include bimodal behaviour in the nulling of PSR J0034−0721 (B0031–07). For this pulsar, short-duration (≲10 period) null events were shown to be frequency-dependent, whereas long-duration null events were frequency-independent. The driftings of the pulse components for this pulsar overlapped in time, and the integrated profiles of the drift modes are shown to be distinct, indicating a different energy distribution. Subpulse drifting is detected for PSR J0426+4933 at ∼400 MHz, but becomes undetectable above 600 MHz, probably becuase of the disappearance of one pulse component. Microstructures have been detected in pulses from PSRs J0034−0721 and J0151−0635 (B0148–06). The quasi-periodic microstructure emission in PSR J0034−0721 was detectable at low observing frequencies. The duration of the micropulses was found to be frequency-dependent. In a similar fashion to fast radio bursts, the detected micropulses were bandwith-limited, with a characteristic bandwidth of 128.4 ± 31.6 MHz for PSR J0034−0721 and of 93.3 ± 3.2 MHz for PSR J0151−0635. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immune system takes part in most physiological and pathological processes of the body, including the occurrence and development of cancer. Immunotherapy provides a promising modality for inhibition and even the cure of cancer. During immunotherapy, the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells induced by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, phototherapy, bioactive materials, and so forth, triggers a series of cellular responses by causing the release of tumor‐associated antigens and damage‐associated molecular patterns, which ultimately activate innate and adaptive immune responses. Among them, the ICD‐induced biomaterials attract increasing conditions as a benefit of biosafety and multifunctional modifications. This Review summarizes the research progress in biomaterials for inducing ICD via triggering endoplasmic reticulum oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell membrane rupture and discusses the application prospects of ICD‐inducing biomaterials in clinical practice for cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal when imaging bioprocesses with optical microscopy is to acquire the most spatiotemporal information with the least invasiveness. Deep neural networks have substantially improved optical microscopy, including image super-resolution and restoration, but still have substantial potential for artifacts. In this study, we developed rationalized deep learning (rDL) for structured illumination microscopy and lattice light sheet microscopy (LLSM) by incorporating prior knowledge of illumination patterns and, thereby, rationally guiding the network to denoise raw images. Here we demonstrate that rDL structured illumination microscopy eliminates spectral bias-induced resolution degradation and reduces model uncertainty by five-fold, improving the super-resolution information by more than ten-fold over other computational approaches. Moreover, rDL applied to LLSM enables self-supervised training by using the spatial or temporal continuity of noisy data itself, yielding results similar to those of supervised methods. We demonstrate the utility of rDL by imaging the rapid kinetics of motile cilia, nucleolar protein condensation during light-sensitive mitosis and long-term interactions between membranous and membrane-less organelles. Rationalized deep learning improves image reconstruction by incorporating prior knowledge of illumination patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroponic-producing selenium (Se)-biofortified vegetables in a greenhouse is a convenient and effective way to provide Se-enriched food and overcome hidden hunger. CO2 fertilization is commonly implemented to increase vegetable yield in greenhouse production. However, this application accompanies decreased mineral concentrations in the edible parts. Here we investigated the effects of [CO2] and Se supply on the growth, gas exchange, and cucumber fruit quality. A hydroponic experiment with two CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) (C1: 410, and C2: 1200 μmol mol−1) and four Se supply levels (Se0: 0, Se1: 0.125, Se2: 0.250, and Se3: 0.500 mg Se L−1) was carried out. A low level of Se supply (Se1: 0.125 mg Se L−1) protected the photosynthetic pigments and stimulated the stomatal opening, especially under [CO2] fertilization. It leads to a higher net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) than other Se treatments. The most significant changes in dry weight, fruit yield, and soluble sugar concentration were also obtained in Se1 under CO2 fertilization due to the enhanced CO2 fixation. Meanwhile, the Se concentration in fruit was 0.63 mg kg−1 FW in C2Se1, with the highest Se accumulation and use efficiency. According to the recommended dietary allowance of 55 μg Se day−1 for adults, an intake of 87 g of cucumber grown in C2Se1 is sufficient. Because of the improved Tr and better root structure in Se1, the uptake of mineral nutrients through mass flow and interception was well maintained under CO2 fertilization. So, the concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mn in cucumber fruits were not significantly decreased by elevated [CO2] in Se1. However, the concentrations of soluble proteins, S, Mg, Fe, and Zn in cucumber fruits in C2Se1 were lower than those in C1Se1, which was mainly attributed to the dilution effects under CO2 fertilization. Therefore, a selenite supply of 0.125 mg Se L−1 was found to be the optimal dosage for producing Se-enriched cucumber fruits with high yield and better qualities under CO2 fertilization (1200 μmol mol−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the data of existing warehouse supermarkets in Liaoning Province, China, spatial autocorrelation analysis, kernel density analysis, composite correlation coefficient analysis and other methods have been adopted to analyze their spatial-temporal evolution pattern to reflect the general law of the development of China's existing warehouse supermarkets and fill the gap in this research field. The results show that the spatial distribution of warehouse supermarkets in Liaoning Province is extremely uneven, and areas with high nuclear density are distributed along the "Shenyang-Dalian" line belonging to the aggregation distribution. The Lorentz curve shows a downward trend with a large degree of spatial imbalance, that is, the regional concentration of warehouse supermarkets is high. Through global and local autocorrelation analysis, the regions with similar development levels of warehouse supermarkets in Liaoning Province tend to gather together, and the spatial distribution has a strong correlation. The distribution of warehousing supermarkets in Liaoning Province is affected by traffic location conditions, economic conditions, population quantity and population density, the number of urban functional areas, policy conditions and the role of the government, especially by economic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescent silver coordination polymer nanoparticles (Ag-TPA CPNs) were synthesized using a combination of terephthalic acid (TPA) and silver nitrate via an ultrarapid microwave-assisted strategy within 15 min. The Ag-TPA CPNs displayed a high fluorescent quantum yield (QY = 20.19%) and large Stokes shift (~200 nm), with two emission peaks at 490 nm and 520 nm under an excitation wavelength of 320 nm. A fluorescent "turn-off" method using fluorescent Ag-TPA CPNs was applied to detect the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity on the basis of the ALP-catalyzed hydrolysis of ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA2P) to ascorbic acid (AA), and the AA product triggered the reduction of Ag+ ions into silver nanoparticles. The fluorescent lifetime of Ag-TPA CPNs decreased from 3.93 ms to 3.80 ms after the addition of ALP, which suggests that this fluorescent "turn-off" detection of ALP activity is a dynamic quenching process. The fluorescent intensity had a linear relationship with the concentration of ALP in the range of 0.2–12 mU/mL (r = 0.991) and with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.07 mU/mL. It showed high selectivity in ALP detection towards metal ions and amino acids, as well as other enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase, glucose oxidase, tyrosinase, trypsin, lysozyme, and superoxides. When it was applied for the fluorescent "turn-off" detection of ALP activity in serum samples, mean recovery levels ranging from 99.5% to 101.2% were obtained, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 4% accuracy. Therefore, it is an efficient and accurate tool for analyzing ALP levels in biosamples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, thermal manipulation in carbon materials has drawn much interest in multiple domains. Compared with existing conductive heating techniques, microwave heating has many advantages such as non-contact heating, fast and accurate temperature response, low energy consumption, etc. However, it is still challenging to realize real-time on-demand thermal manipulation in carbon materials with microwaves, due to the lack of effective control methods on electromagnetic (EM) properties. Here, for the first time, we report a solution to this problem by employing tunable EM resonators. Specifically, EM resonators with electrically tunable lumped elements were designed to couple microwave energy into the carbon material, realizing a pixel-controlled microwave heating performance. Through carefully designing the structure of the EM resonators, the local energy concentration on the tunable lumped elements was remarkably alleviated. Experimental results indicated that the microwave absorbance can be tuned from 12.1% to 99.6%, leading to a tunable heating rate ranging from 1.3 °C/min to 13.5 °C/min under fixed microwave power of 600 W. Moreover, a pixelated thermal manipulation was demonstrated through a thermal display of Arabic numerals. Our work may open new avenues for thermal manipulation in carbon materials and can be applied to complex thermal tasks such as customized materials processing, thermal display, deicing and defrosting, etc. [Display omitted] • Electromagnetic resonators with pixel-controlled tunable microwave absorbance were designed. • The local energy concentration on the tunable lumped elements was remarkably alleviated. • The robustness of the designed resonators against polarization and incident angles was validated. • A time-space dynamical heating performance was demonstrated, and a thermal display of Arabic numerals was exhibited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive differentiation of osteoclasts contributes to the disruption of bone homeostasis in inflammatory bone diseases. Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), the core methyltransferase that installs an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on RNA, has been reported to participate in bone pathophysiology. However, whether METTL3-mediated m6A affects osteoclast differentiation in inflammatory conditions remains unelucidated. In this study, we observed that the total m6A content and METTL3 expression decreased during LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis. After knocking down METTL3, we found reduced levels of the number of osteoclasts, osteoclast-related gene expression and bone resorption area. A METTL3 deficiency increased osteoclast apoptosis and pro-apoptotic protein expression. RNA sequencing analysis showed that differentially expressed genes in METTL3-deficient cells were mainly associated with the mitochondrial function. The expression of the mitochondrial function-related genes, ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased after METTL3 knockdown. Moreover, the most obviously upregulated gene in RNA-Seq was Nos2, which encoded the iNOS protein to induce nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. METTL3 knockdown increased the levels of Nos2 mRNA, iNOS protein and NO content. NOS inhibitor L-NAME rescued the inhibited mitochondrial function and osteoclast formation while suppressing osteoclast apoptosis in METTL3-silenced cells. Mechanistically, a METTL3 deficiency promoted the stability and expression of Nos2 mRNA, and similar results were observed after m6A-binding protein YTHDF1 knockdown. Further in vivo evidence revealed that METTL3 knockdown attenuated the inflammatory osteolysis of the murine calvaria and suppressed osteoclast formation. In conclusion, these data suggested that METTL3 knockdown exacerbated iNOS/NO-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction by promoting a Nos2 mRNA stability in a YTHDF1-dependent manner and further inhibited osteoclast differentiation and increased osteoclast apoptosis in inflammatory conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, surface-oxidized vanadium nitride (O-VN) is synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method without multi-step reactions, and is applied as a cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries. After in situ electrochemical activation, it turns into Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O with copious oxygen vacancies/defects. The electrochemical phase transition and in situ defect induction can provide abundant active sites for the storage of Zn2+, thus increasing the energy storage performance of electrode materials. As expected, Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O with oxygen defects has good structural and morphological stability during cycling, and exhibits excellent specific capacity (510 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 199 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1) and superior cycle stability (72.6% capacity retention after 3000 cycles at 20 A g−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Comminuted inferior patellar pole fractures are challenging injuries and require effective treatment due to the extension mechanism of the knee. This study aims to evaluate the outcome of above fractures treated with a modified technique of cerclage-wire-augmented separate vertical wiring (SVW) with cerclage wiring passed through the proximal patella. Methods: Retrospective analysis (1/2017–1/2020) were performed for patients that were treated with three SVWs through the posterior margin of proximal fragment and directly to the anterosuperior border of patella, combined with a cerclage wiring passed through the proximal patella. Patients who experienced comminuted inferior patellar pole fractures within 3 weeks were included, and the outcome was evaluated radiologically and clinically by Bostman score after a minimum of 12 months following surgery. Further evaluation included the operation time and complication rate. Results: A total of 20 patients (10 males, 10 females) with a mean age of 54 ± 14.5 years (26–83 years) and a follow-up of 18.9 ± 6.6 months (12–36 months) were evaluated. The average operation time was 45.7 ± 8.8 min (30–60 min). At final follow-up, the average range of motion was 131.3° ± 3.5° (125°–135°), and the mean Bostman score was 29.4 ± 0.7 points (28–30) and graded excellent in all cases. Two patients experienced occasional giving way of the knee. Radiologically no loss of reduction, implant breakage, nonunion or skin irritation was observed. Conclusions: The cerclage-wire-augmented SVW with cerclage wiring passed through the proximal patella appears to be a safe and simple technique which can effectively treat the comminuted inferior patellar pole fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As key components of air, nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) are the vital constituents of lives. Synthesis of NO2, and C–N–O organics direct from N2 and O2, rather than from an intermediate NH3 (known as the Haber–Bosch process), is tantalizing. However, the extremely strong N≡N triple bond (945 kJ mol–1) and the nonpolar stable electron configuration of dinitrogen lead to its conversion being extensively energy demanding. The further selective synthesis of high-value C–N–O organics directly from N2, O2 and C-containing molecules is attractive yet greatly challenging from both scientific and engineering perspectives. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to the direct conversion of N2 and O2 via traditional and novel techniques, including thermochemical, plasma, electrochemical, ultrasonic and photochemical conversion. In this review, we aim to provide a thorough comprehension of the status and challenge of the direct conversion of N2, O2 and C-containing molecules (particularly N2 and O2). Moreover, we will propose some future perspectives to stimulate more inspiration from the scientific community to tackle the scientific and engineering challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To study the association of Provitamin A (pro-A) carotenoid intake from diet with depressive symptoms in midlife women.Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were retrieved from baseline assessment of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were performed to examine the association pro-A carotenoid intake with depressive symptoms.Results: A total of 3054 midlife women aged 42-52 years were included in the present study. In overall midlife women, pro-A carotenoid intake was inversely associated with depressive symptoms (CES-D score ≥16). In premenopausal women, pro-A carotenoid intake was inversely associated with depressive symptoms after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, total family income, education, physical activity, BMI, use of antidepressant, dietary total caloric, protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamin C, vitamin E and pro-A carotenes in model 1. In fully adjusted model, after additional adjustment for day of cycle, FSH and SHBG, this association remained statistically significant. The fully adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % CI of depressive symptoms were 0.685 (0.450-1.043) in quartile 4 compared with quartile 1 for pro-A carotenoid intake. However, in early perimenopausal women, no statistically significant difference was observed between pro-A carotenoid intake and depressive symptoms after adjustment for confounders.Limitations: This was a cross-sectional study, limiting causal inferences. Assessment of CES-D was based on a self-report scale.Conclusion: Pro-A carotenoid intake may be inversely associated with depression symptoms in premenopausal women, but not in early perimenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near‐infrared (NIR) light‐driven overall water splitting beyond 800 nm remains a high‐priority target yet great challenge. Here we report that efficient utilization of photogenerated electrons in a photosensitized system prepared by site‐selective photodeposition of platinum single atoms/clusters (Pt‐SACs) on Ni‐phytate (PA‐Ni)‐sensitized polymeric carbon nitride (PCN). The optimal catalyst presents simultaneous hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) evolution with an H2 evolution amount of 1.4 μmol at λ>800 nm for 24 hours, which its activity was approximately 140 times higher than that of a system without Pt‐SAC modification (PA‐Ni1.1@PCN). This work represents the first NIR‐light responsive photosensitized system for overall water splitting, and may open an avenue for precisely manipulating cocatalyst positions at the atomic level to improve NIR‐light‐driven overall water splitting via photosensitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near‐infrared (NIR) light‐driven overall water splitting beyond 800 nm remains a high‐priority target yet great challenge. Here we report that efficient utilization of photogenerated electrons in a photosensitized system prepared by site‐selective photodeposition of platinum single atoms/clusters (Pt‐SACs) on Ni‐phytate (PA‐Ni)‐sensitized polymeric carbon nitride (PCN). The optimal catalyst presents simultaneous hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) evolution with an H2 evolution amount of 1.4 μmol at λ>800 nm for 24 hours, which its activity was approximately 140 times higher than that of a system without Pt‐SAC modification (PA‐Ni1.1@PCN). This work represents the first NIR‐light responsive photosensitized system for overall water splitting, and may open an avenue for precisely manipulating cocatalyst positions at the atomic level to improve NIR‐light‐driven overall water splitting via photosensitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early‐onset sepsis (EOS) is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Currently, amoxicillin is empirically used to treat neonates with EOS. However, data on its effectiveness in neonates with EOS are still limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the pharmacodynamics (PD) target attainment and effectiveness of a model‐based amoxicillin dosage regimen in these neonates. We used a previously developed model and collected additional clinical data from the EOS neonates who used the model‐based dosage regimen (25 mg/kg every 12 h). The primary outcomes were PD target attainment (free drug concentration above minimum inhibitory concentration during 70% of the dosing interval) and treatment failure rate. The secondary endpoints were length of amoxicillin treatment, duration of hospitalization etc. Seventy‐five neonates (postmenstrual age 28.4–41.6 wk) were enrolled. A total of 70 (93.3%) neonates reached their PD target using 1 mg/L as the minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoint. The treatment failure rate was 10.7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms such as FixMatch achieve state-of-the-art performance by exploiting consistency regularization and entropy minimization techniques. However, many consistency-based SSL algorithms extract pseudo-labels from unlabeled data through a fixed threshold and ignore the different learning progress of each category, which makes the easy-to-learn categories have more examples contributing to the loss, resulting in a class-imbalance problem and affecting training efficiency. In order to improve the training reliability, we propose adaptive weighted losses (AWL). Through the evaluation of the class-wise learning progress, the loss contribution of the pseudo-labeled data of each category is continuously and dynamically adjusted during the learning process, and the pseudo-label discrimination ability of the model can be steadily improved. Moreover, to improve the training efficiency, we propose a bidirectional distribution approximation (DA) method, which introduces the consistency information of the predictions under the threshold into the loss calculation, and significantly improves the model convergence speed. Through the combination of AWL and DA, our method surpasses the performance of other algorithms on multiple benchmarks with a faster convergence efficiency, especially in the case of labeled data extremely limited. For example, AWL&DA achieves 95.29% test accuracy on the CIFAR-10-40-labels experiment and 92.56% accuracy on a faster experiment setting with only $2^{18}$ iterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rock asphalt has been widely used to improve the performance of asphalt concrete, owing to its cost efficiency and beneficial modification effect. However, the moisture and high-temperature effects interdependently determine the degradation of fatigue resistance of rock asphalt concrete, owing to the unique climatic summer conditions in most high-temperature regions of China (e.g. southeastern coastal and south regions). Accordingly, the water absorption characteristics of rock asphalt concrete at different temperatures were analysed. Based on this analysis, 75 groups of modified three-point bending fatigue tests were implemented to investigate the combined effect of moisture, high-temperature, and stress level on the fatigue life of rock asphalt concrete. The moisture, temperature, and stress level conditions significantly influence the fatigue resistance of rock asphalt concrete. Finally, fatigue equations considering moisture and stress level were established to predict the fatigue life of rock asphalt concrete at different temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent technological advancements and the evolution of industrial manufacturing paradigms have substantially increased the complexity of product-specific production systems. To reduce the time cost of modelling and verification and to enhance the degree of uniformity in the modelling process of system components, this article presents a componentised framework for domain modelling and performance analysis based on the concept of "multi-granularity and multi-view" for a production line of personalised and customised products, for plug-and-play manufacturing processes to involving a large number of model input parameters. The coloured Petri net tool is utilised as a simulation tool for mapping domain models to computational models for simulation and performance evaluation. This paper presents a method for setting the input parameters of a production system when using WIP, through-put and cycle time as metrics. The results of the performance analysis demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework and provide direction for the production line's layout design and scheduling strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that can be polarized into M1 or M2 phenotype. m6A "reader" YTH domain family protein 2 (YTHDF2) has been the m6A binding protein with the highest activity, which can recognize and disturb m6A-containing mRNA in processing bodies to reduce mRNA stability. YTHDF2 is recently identified as an effective RNA binding protein that modulates inflammatory gene levels within inflammatory responses. However, the role of YTHDF2 in M1/M2 macrophage polarization has not been reported. We established a M1/M2 macrophage polarization model using bone-marrow-derived macrophages and found that the expression levels of YTHDF2 in M1/M2 macrophages were both elevated. YTHDF2-knockdown macrophage polarization model was then established, and through qPCR, ELISA, and FACS, we discovered that suppressing YTHDF2 encouraged M1 polarization but restrained M2 polarization. In M1 macrophages, YTHDF2 silencing had no significant effect on p53 expression; however, in YTHDF2 knockdown, M2 macrophage p53 expression was remarkably upregulated. p53 inhibitor PFT-α was then applied and revealed that suppressing p53 simultaneously promoted YTHDF2-silenced M1 polarization and facilitated M2 macrophage polarization. Actinomycin D assays were further utilized to examine the mRNA degradation level of different cytokines, and p53 mRNA degradation in YTHDF2-depleted M2 cells was discovered impeded. Western Blot analysis also implied that a deficit in YTHDF2 expression may activate MAPK and NF-κB pathways. In this study, YTHDF2 induces M2 macrophage polarization by promoting the degradation of p53 mRNA. YTHDF2 suppresses M1 macrophage polarization by inhibiting NF-κB, p38, and JNK signaling pathways, yet p53 remains unaffected in YTHDF2-silenced M1 macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moth lacewings (Ithonidae) are a rare group of Neuroptera with an unusual subterranean larval life‐style. We examined external and internal head structures of an older‐instar larva of Ithone Newman with a broad spectrum of techniques. Larval autapomorphies, likely correlated with the subterranean habits, are the compact and shovel‐shaped head, unusually massive mandibular‐maxillary stylets, and a C‐shaped postcephalic body. Other cephalic autapomorphies are the massive X‐shaped tentorium, incurved antennae, and a strongly developed M. verticopharyngalis. The visual organs are distinctly simplified but a single functional stemma on each side of head is retained despite of the subterranean habits. In contrast to previous studies, a well‐developed gular sclerite is present in Ithonidae, possibly a secondary acquisition. A cephalic gland complex and poison channel are present, with an unexpected additional lateral accessory gland and an additional lateral channel. The poison glands and dual channels very clearly indicate that the larvae are predators, contradicting the phytophagous habits formerly postulated. Compared with soil‐inhabiting scarabaeoid beetle larvae, striking differences of head structures are due to different feeding habits and phylogenetic constraints. Morphological similarities like a C‐shaped postcephalic body and strongly developed legs suitable for burrowing in soil are evolutionary parallels associated with the subterranean life‐style in the two non‐related groups. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was carried out with an updated morphological matrix. The results were compared with a phylogeny based on anchored hybrid enrichment data. The evolutionary transformations of selected characters were evaluated using phylogenies estimated from both datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]