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14. Optimizing the Electrochemical Performance of Olivine LiMnxFe1–xPO4Cathode Materials: Ongoing Progresses and Challenges

Author

Xu, Enhao, Sun, Xiaobo, Lyv, Wei, Li, Fangbing, Li, Ruixing, Cai, Wenlong, Wu, Hao, Wu, Kaipeng, and Zhang, Yun

Abstract

LiMnxFe1–xPO4is the most promising olivine-type cathode material following LiFePO4in terms of development potential. However, several technological challenges remain in its widespread application, particularly in terms of its low electronic conductivity, slow Li+diffusion rate, and undetermined optimal Mn/Fe ratio. To date, enormous efforts have been devoted to addressing the intrinsic defects of LiMnxFe1–xPO4to facilitate its electrochemical kinetics, and some companies have launched first-generation LiMnxFe1–xPO4. In this review, the structural characteristics, lithium storage mechanism, and synthesis methods of LiMnxFe1–xPO4are first introduced. Wherein, a particular emphasis is placed on the rational design of precursors with tunable composition and tailored architecture, encompassing the Mn–Fe binary precursors and Mn–Fe–P ternary precursors. Then, up-to-date optimization strategies for improving the electrochemical performance of LiMnxFe1–xPO4, such as Mn/Fe ratio optimizing, conductive material compositing, element doping, and morphology controlling are discussed comprehensively, with a special focus on the regulation of additional discharge plateau, which not only prevents the decrease of energy density but also maintains the consistency of LiMnxFe1–xPO4batteries. Finally, the critical issues, existing challenges, new research directions, and perspectives on further commercialization of LiMnxFe1–xPO4are also discussed.

Published
2024
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19. Response of protonated, adduct, and fragmented ions in Vocus proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS).

Author

Li, Fangbing, Huang, Dan Dan, Tian, Linhui, Yuan, Bin, Tan, Wen, Zhu, Liang, Ye, Penglin, Worsnop, Douglas, Hoi, Ka In, Mok, Kai Meng, and Li, Yong Jie

Subjects
TIME-of-flight mass spectrometers, SHORTWAVE radio, VOLATILE organic compounds, IONS, HUMIDITY
Abstract

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) affect secondary pollutant formation via active chemistry. Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is one of the most important techniques to study the highly variable spatial and temporal characteristics of VOCs. The response of protonated, adduct, and fragmented ions in PTR-MS in changing instrument settings and varying relative humidity (RH) requires rigorous characterization. Herein, dedicatedly designed laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the response of these ions for 21 VOCs, including 12 oxygenated VOCs and two nitriles, using the recently developed Vocus PTR-MS. Our results show that the focusing ion-molecule reactor (FIMR) axial voltage increases sensitivity by three to four orders of magnitude but does not significantly change the fractions of protonated ions. Reducing the FIMR pressure, however, substantially increases fragmentation. Applying a high radio frequency (RF) amplitude radially on FIMR can enhance sensitivity by one to two orders of magnitude without affecting the protonated ion fractions. The change in big segmented quadrupole (BSQ) amplitude mainly affects sensitivity and protonated ion fraction by modifying ion transmission. The relationship between sensitivity and proton-transfer reaction rate constant is complicated by the influences from both ion transmission and protonated ion fraction. The protonated ions of most VOCs studied (19 out of 21) show less than 15 % variations in sensitivity as RH increases from ~5 % to ~85 %, except for some long-chain aldehydes which show a positive RH variation of up to 30 %. Our results suggest that the Vocus PTR-MS can reliably quantify the majority of VOCs under ambient conditions with varying RH. However, caution is advised for small oxygenates such as formaldehyde and methanol due to their low sensitivity, as well as for long-chain aldehydes for their slight RH dependence and fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. The interplays among meteorology, source, and chemistry in high particulate matter pollution episodes in urban Shanghai, China

Author

Zeng, Lulu, primary, Huang, Dan Dan, additional, Zhu, Shuhui, additional, Li, Fangbing, additional, Zhou, Min, additional, Qiao, Liping, additional, Wang, Qian, additional, Wang, Qiongqiong, additional, Ma, Yingge, additional, Lou, Shengrong, additional, Shi, Huabin, additional, In Hoi, Ka, additional, Mok, Kai Meng, additional, Ge, Xinlei, additional, Wang, Hongli, additional, Yu, Jian Zhen, additional, Huang, Cheng, additional, and Li, Yong Jie, additional

Published
2022
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36. Decay Kinetics and Absorption Changes of Methoxyphenols and Nitrophenols during Nitrate-Mediated Aqueous Photochemical Oxidation at 254 and 313 nm

Author

Wang, Yalin, primary, Huang, Wanyi, additional, Tian, Linhui, additional, Wang, Yuchen, additional, Li, Fangbing, additional, Huang, Dan Dan, additional, Zhang, Ruifeng, additional, Go Mabato, Beatrix Rosette, additional, Huang, Ru-Jin, additional, Chen, Qi, additional, Ge, Xinlei, additional, Du, Lin, additional, Ma, Ying Ge, additional, Gen, Masao, additional, Hoi, Ka In, additional, Mok, Kai Meng, additional, Yu, Jian Z., additional, Chan, Chak K., additional, Li, Xue, additional, and Li, Yong Jie, additional

Published
2022
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44. First isolation and pathogenicity analysis of a genogroup U strain of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus from rainbow trout in China.

Author

Huo, Caiyun, Ma, Zhihong, Li, Fangbing, Xu, Fuzhou, Li, Tieliang, Zhang, Yue, Jiang, Na, Xing, Wei, Xu, Guanling, Luo, Lin, and Sun, Huiling

Subjects
INFECTIOUS hematopoietic necrosis virus, RAINBOW trout, WHOLE genome sequencing, FISH pathogens
Abstract

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a major fish viral pathogen causing acute clinical disease and death in a variety of salmonids. IHNV isolates have been classified into five major genogroups according to the phylogenetic analysis of partial G gene fragments or the complete G gene sequence: U, M, E, L and J. Genogroup U strains have been reported in North America and Japan prior to 1982, and genogroup J is the only genogroup that has been reported in China. Here, one of IHNV strain (BjLL) was isolated from a local farm in China and were characterized in this study. The homogenate tissues of infected fry induced IHNV‐positive cytopathic effects in epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cells that were confirmed by RT‐PCR and sequencing. The complete genome sequence of BjLL comprised 11,129 nucleotides, which had been submitted to GenBank (accession no. MF509592). By the sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis for the G gene sequence of BjLL with 51 reference sequences in GenBank, we confirmed that this Chinese isolate belonged to genogroup U. Furthermore, virus exposure experiments with juvenile rainbow trout were conducted to assess the virulence and pathogenicity of BjLL. Compared with GS‐2014 of genogroup J, BjLL was an obviously less virulent strain that could result in lower mortality. Besides, typical clinical symptoms and pathological damages could be seen in fish following infection of BjLL. The present study is the first report of genogroup U IHNV infection in China and will provide essential information for future studies on pathogenesis of IHNV BjLL and development of efficient control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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50. Immobile polyanionic backbone enables a 900-μm-thick electrode for compact energy storage with unprecedented areal capacitance

Author

Li, Haoran, Wu, Zhitan, Liu, Xiaochen, Lu, Haotian, Zhang, Weichao, Li, Fangbing, Yu, Hongyuan, Yu, Jinyang, Zhang, Boya, Xiong, Zhenxin, Tao, Ying, and Yang, Quan-Hong

Abstract

Thickening of electrodes is crucial for maximizing the proportion of active components and thus improving the energy density of practical energy storage cells. Nevertheless, trade-offs between electrode thickness and electrochemical performance persist because of the considerably increased ion transport resistance of thick electrodes. Herein, we propose accelerating ion transport through thick and dense electrodes by establishing an immobile polyanionic backbone within the electrode pores; and as a proof of concept, gel polyacrylic electrolytes as such a backbone are in situsynthesized for supercapacitors. During charge and discharge, protons rapidly hop among RCOO−sites for oriented transport, fundamentally reducing the effects of electrode tortuosity and polarization resulting from concentration gradients. Consequently, nearly constant ion transport resistance per unit thickness is achieved, even in the case of a 900-μm-thick dense electrode, leading to unprecedented areal capacitances of 14.85 F cm−2at 1 mA cm−2and 4.26 F cm−2at 100 mA cm−2. This study provides an efficient method for accelerating ion transport through thick and dense electrodes, indicating a significant solution for achieving high energy density in energy storage devices, including but not limited to supercapacitors.An immobile polyanionic backbone within electrode pores allows for a thickness-independent ion transport behavior, leading to exceptional capacitive energy storage with thick electrodes up to 900 μm.

Published
2024
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