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This viewpoint article first explores the ethical challenges associated with the future application of large language models (LLMs) in the context of medical education. These challenges include not only ethical concerns related to the development of LLMs, such as artificial intelligence (AI) hallucinations, information bias, privacy and data risks, and deficiencies in terms of transparency and interpretability but also issues concerning the application of LLMs, including deficiencies in emotional intelligence, educational inequities, problems with academic integrity, and questions of responsibility and copyright ownership. This paper then analyzes existing AI-related legal and ethical frameworks and highlights their limitations with regard to the application of LLMs in the context of medical education. To ensure that LLMs are integrated in a responsible and safe manner, the authors recommend the development of a unified ethical framework that is specifically tailored for LLMs in this field. This framework should be based on 8 fundamental principles: quality control and supervision mechanisms; privacy and data protection; transparency and interpretability; fairness and equal treatment; academic integrity and moral norms; accountability and traceability; protection and respect for intellectual property; and the promotion of educational research and innovation. The authors further discuss specific measures that can be taken to implement these principles, thereby laying a solid foundation for the development of a comprehensive and actionable ethical framework. Such a unified ethical framework based on these 8 fundamental principles can provide clear guidance and support for the application of LLMs in the context of medical education. This approach can help establish a balance between technological advancement and ethical safeguards, thereby ensuring that medical education can progress without compromising the principles of fairness, justice, or patient safety and establishing a more equitable, safer, and more efficient environment for medical education.

Background: The modification of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) plays a pivotal role in tumor by altering both innate and adaptive immune systems through various pathways, including the regulation of messenger RNA. The YTH domain protein family, acting as "readers" of m6A modifications, affects RNA splicing, stability, and immunogenicity, thereby playing essential roles in immune regulation and antitumor immunity. Despite their significance, the impact of the YTH domain protein family on tumor initiation and progression, as well as their involvement in tumor immune regulation and therapy, remains underexplored and lacks comprehensive review. Conclusion: This review introduces the molecular characteristics of the YTH domain protein family and their physiological and pathological roles in biological behavior, emphasizing their mechanisms in regulating immune responses and antitumor immunity. Additionally, the review discusses the roles of the YTH domain protein family in immune‐related diseases and tumor resistance, highlighting that abnormal expression or dysfunction of YTH proteins is closely linked to tumor resistance. Key points: This review provides an in‐depth understanding of the YTH domain protein family in immune regulation and antitumor immunity, suggesting new strategies and directions for immunotherapy of related diseases.These insights not only deepen our comprehension of m6A modifications and YTH protein functions but also pave the way for future research and clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an essential intracellular immune activation pathway, the cGAS‐STING pathway has attracted broad attention in cancer treatment. However, low bioavailability, nonspecificity, and adverse effects of small molecule STING agonists severely limit their therapeutic efficacy and in vivo application. In this study, a peptide‐based STING agonist is first proposed, and KLA is screened out to activate the cGAS‐STING pathway by promoting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage. To precisely activate the cGAS‐STING pathway and block the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway, a multi‐stimuli activatable peptide nanodrug (MAPN) is developed for the effective delivery of KLA and PD‐L1 antagonist peptide (CVR). With rational design, MAPN achieved the site‐specific release of KLA and CVR in response to multiple endogenous stimuli, simultaneously activating the cGAS‐STING pathway and blocking PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway, ultimately initiating robust and durable T cell anti‐tumor immunity with a tumor growth inhibition rate of 78% and extending the median survival time of B16F10 tumor‐bearing mice to 40 days. Overall, antimicrobial peptides, which can promote mtDNA leakage through damaging mitochondrial membranes, may be potential alternatives for small molecule STING agonists and giving a new insight for the design of novel STING agonists. Furthermore, MAPN presents a universal delivery platform for the effective synergy of multiple peptides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of production stability in hot strip rolling encapsulates the ability of a production line to consistently maintain its output levels and uphold the quality of its products, thus embodying the steady and uninterrupted nature of the production yield. This scholarly paper focuses on the paramount looper equipment in the finishing rolling area, utilizing it as a case study to investigate approaches for identifying the origins of instabilities, specifically when faced with inadequate looper performance. Initially, the paper establishes the equipment process accuracy evaluation (EPAE) model for the looper, grounded in the precision of the looper's operational process, to accurately depict the looper's functioning state. Subsequently, it delves into the interplay between the EPAE metrics and overall production stability, advocating for the use of EPAE scores as direct indicators of production stability. The study further introduces a novel algorithm designed to trace the root causes of issues, categorizing them into material, equipment, and control factors, thereby facilitating on-site fault rectification. Finally, the practicality and effectiveness of this methodology are substantiated through its application on the 2250 hot rolling equipment production line. This paper provides a new approach for fault tracing in the hot rolling process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of limb status with the Wound, Ischaemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) classification and the assessment of patient risks combined with systemic factors, are recommended in patients with chronic limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI). However, there is little evidence of the application of the WIfI classification in the Chinese population. This study aimed to verify the use of the WIfI classification in a Chinese patient population, and to further identify local and systemic independent predictors of adverse CLTI outcomes. A total of 474 patients who underwent endovascular therapy (EVT) for CLTI in a tertiary hospital between July 2017 and September 2020 were included in this retrospective study. The outcomes included one year major adverse limb events (MALEs), one year all cause mortality, and one year amputation free survival (AFS). Cox regression was used to analyse the association between risk factors and adverse outcomes. In total, 104 (21.9%) all cause deaths were recorded. The rate of MALEs was 17.5%, while the AFS was 71.9%. Multivariable analysis revealed that a body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2 (p =.002), a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% (p <.001), and WIfI wound grade (p <.001) were independent risk factors for MALEs, while age ≥ 77 years (p =.031), BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (p <.001), coronary heart disease (p =.040), and WIfI clinical stages (p =.021) were independent risk factors for death in patients with CLTI. Age ≥ 77 years (p =.003), BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (p <.001), coronary heart disease (p =.012), LVEF < 50% (p <.001), WIfI wound grade (p =.004), and WIfI clinical stages (p =.044) were independently associated with a decreased AFS rate. This study has confirmed the predictive ability of the WIfI classification for Chinese patients with CLTI who underwent EVT. Wound grade was the most sensitive and important risk factor of the three components of WIfI. In addition, systemic factors should be considered to ensure a more accurate prognosis prediction and appropriate clinical decision making in patients with CLTI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is one of the major active pharmaceutical ingredient of cinnamon bark. Hydrodistillation (HD) is usually used in CA extraction, however, the extraction yield is lower. The cell wall is a key factor limiting the extraction of essential oils. In-situ reactive heat breaking cell wall (RHB) could destroy the cell wall, which was conducive to the diffusion of CA. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of RHB pretreatment to HD extraction. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize RHB pretreatment parameters, and Box-Behnken Design (BBD) method was performed to evaluate the effects of different operating parameters. The maximum yield was increased to 3.31 ± 0.11% (w/w) from 2.08 ± 0.042% (w/w) after RSM optimization. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis showed that RHB destroyed and disrupted the cell wall of cinnamon bark. The GC analysis demonstrated that the purity of cinnamaldehyde was improved and no new components were presented in the extraction product from the cinnamon via RHB pretreatment. In conclusion, RHB is an effective pretreatment method for the CA extraction, and also may be used in the other herbal medicine extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the study on the prevalence of silent pulmonary embolism (SPE) in deep venous thrombosis of the lower limb patients with regards to its risk factors. It details how the study was conducted which involved 322 patients with acute deep venous thrombosis and used various methods including computed tomography pulmonary arteriography. The results reportedly revealed that SPE usually occurs in deep venous thrombosis of the lower limb patients.