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The cermet fuel element was achieved by dispersing the UO2 particles with or without tungsten (W) coating layer uniformly in the W matrix. It is considered to be a robust and secure fuel for use in nuclear thermal propulsion in the near future. In this study, the effect of deposition temperature on the densification and grain refinement of the W coating layer was investigated. A high-density (19.24 g·cm−3) W layer with a uniform thickness (~ 10 μm) and fine grains (~ 297 nm) was prepared by spouted-bed chemical vapor deposition. The prepared high-density, fine-grained W layer has the following advantages. It can prevent direct contact between fuel particles, resulting in a more uniform fuel distribution. In addition, it can decrease the reaction probability between the fuel kernel and H2, and prevent the release of fission products from the fuel kernel by extending the diffusion path at grain boundaries more efficiently. Moreover, the high-density, fine-grained W layer showed outstanding thermal and mechanical performance. Its average hardness and Young’s modulus were approximately 7 and 200 GPa, respectively. The thermal conductivity of the W film was 101–124 W·m−1·K−1 at 298–773 K. This work furthers our understanding of the potential application of the high-density, fine-grained W layer in nuclear thermal propulsion.

To sort out the existing problems within the published 35 evidence-based acupuncture-moxibustion clinical practice guidelines (group standards) in Chinese: the development methods and the development process are not clear and strict enough; the evidence evaluation system fails to fully reflect the characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion. Therefore,对国内已发布的35部《循证针灸临床实践指南》（团体标准）中存在的问题进行梳理，发现存在制定方法和制定过程欠清晰、证据评价体系还不能充分体现针灸特色的问题。因此，《针灸临床实践指南制定及其评估规范》应要求针灸临床实践指南在充分考虑针灸学科特色、综合评价现代文献证据、整合古籍文献与医家经验基础上，形成临床指导作用较好的推荐意见；同时应在指南制定过程提出针对性要求以促使制定过程更加清晰，研究方法更加严谨。.

To investigate effects of agomelatine and mirtazapine on sleep disturbances in patients with major depressive disorder. A total of 30 depressed patients with sleep disturbances, 27 of which completed the study, took agomelatine or mirtazapine for 8 weeks. Subjective scales were administered, and polysomnography was performed at baseline and at the end of week 1 and 8. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed at baseline and at the end of week 8. Compared with baseline, scores on the Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Sleep Dysfunction Rating Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index after 8 weeks of treatment significantly decreased in both groups, with no significant differences between groups, accompanied by significant increases in total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and significant decrease in wake after sleep onset. Mirtazapine treatment increased N3 sleep at week 1 compared with agomelatine treatment, but this difference disappeared at week 8. The increases in the percentage and duration of N3 sleep were positively correlated with increases in connectivity between right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and right precuneus and between left posterior cingulate cortex and right precuneus in both groups, respectively. Functional connectivity (FC) between right dlPFC and left precuneus in mirtazapine group was higher compared with agomelatine group after 8 weeks of treatment. These findings indicated that both agomelatine and mirtazapine improved sleep in depressed patients, and the effect of mirtazapine was greater than agomelatine with regard to rapidly increasing N3 sleep and gradually improving FC in the brain.

To carry out the methodological quality evaluation and content analysis of the evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for acupuncture-moxibustion in China, and to provide reference for the development and updating of future guidelines.With Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and EvaluationⅡ(AGREEⅡ), 20 evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for acupuncture and moxibustion in China were evaluated from six aspects: scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigour of development, clarity of presentation, applicability and editorial independence. In addition, the contents of 20 guidelines were systematically analyzed, and the characteristics of guidelines were summarized from the aspects of disease selection, operation technology type and safety.The scores of six domains were scope and purpose (91.1%), stakeholder involvement (68.5%), rigour of development (68.6%), clarity of presentation (90.3%), applicability (34.5%) and editorial independence (16.7%). The recommendations of the 20 acupuncture guidelines covered common clinical problems such as diagnosis, treatment and precautions, which were in line with the clinical characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion in terms of content structure.The methodology of the evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for acupuncture and moxibustion in China conformed to the requirements of AGREEⅡ on the quality evaluation, and the overall quality was moderate, but the aspects of applicability and editorial independence were still needed to be improved. The contents of recommendations in 20 guidelines were specific and clear, in line with the characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion, presenting clinical reference value. In the future, in the process of guideline development, the method of developing acupuncture and moxibustion guidelines should be constantly improved to improve the quality of the guidelines; in the meantime, more attention should be paid to the generalization and clinical applicability evaluation.

Sodium bicyclic[2,2,1]heptane dicarboxylate (HPN-68) is a highly effective commercial isotactic polypropylene (iPP) nucleating agent. In this paper, isothermal crystallization behaviors of iPP nucleated with HPN-68 were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The calculation model of Lamberti based on the Avrami method was used for obtaining nucleus density from calorimetric crystallization curves recorded under isothermal conditions. A number of growth rate data have been obtained with the Lauritzen and Hoffman equation. General procedures to predict nucleus density by simple DSC measurements were described and applied successfully to iPP. Addition of HPN-68 shortened crystallization half-time (t 1/2) and increased the crystallization rate of iPP, eventually the nucleus density of iPP nucleated with HPN-68 for finishing crystallization under higher crystallization temperature was larger than that of virgin iPP, leading to larger crystallization rate and shorter cycle time.

The incorporation of a nucleating agent into isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is one of the most important and widely used methods to improve performance in the polypropylene industry. Aromatic hetero...

Isothermal crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) nucleated with three cyclic carboxylate nucleating agents, namely, sodium bicyclic[2,2,1] heptane dicarboxylate (HPN-68), sodium benzoate (Be-Na), and sodium salt of hexahydrophthalic acid (HHPA-Na), was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry. The classical Avarmi method was used to evaluate the isothermal crystallization behavior of iPP. The nucleus density was obtained by the calculation model of Lamberti based on the Avrami method of crystallization kinetics from calorimetric crystallization curves recorded under isothermal conditions. This method was able to measure nucleus density and growth rate of nucleated iPP, for which the nucleation phenomenon was substantially heterogeneous. The addition of nucleating agents shortened the crystallization halftime (t 1/2) and increased the crystallization rate of iPP under isothermal crystallization, eventually increasing the nucleus density of iPP nucleated with nucleating agents for finishing crystallization under higher crystallization temperature, which was larger than that of virgin iPP. The results of polarized optical microscopy also showed that the nucleus density and crystallization rate were greatly increased with addition of nucleating agents. In these three nucleating agents, HPN-68 had the best nucleation effect, and iPP nucleated with HPN-68 had shorter crystallization halftime and higher nucleus density than iPP nucleated with Be-Na and HHPA-Na.

Objectives The aim was to compare the osteoblast activity and osteogenic potential of autogenous bone particles harvested using three different techniques, determine the most advantageous method of collecting autogenous bone particles. Subjects and Methods Bone particles were harvested from 20 patients during dental implant surgery using bone scraping, low-speed drilling, and bone trap filtering. After the osteoblasts were cultured, cell proliferation, migration, mineralization, transcription of osteogenesis-related genes, secretion of osteogenesis-related proteins, and osteoinductive protein content in the bone particle matrix were evaluated. Results Osteoblast activity and osteogenic potential were higher in bone samples harvested by scraper or low-speed drilling than in samples harvested by bone trap filter. Although these parameters were slightly lower in the low-speed drilling group than in the scraper group, significant differences were found only in bone Gla-protein levels. However, the levels of osteoinductive proteins in the bone particle matrix were significantly higher in the low-speed drilling group than in the scraper group. Conclusions Low-speed drilling is a recommendable and effective technique for collecting autogenous bone particles. In implant operations, low-speed drilling can be considered the first-line option, and if the quantity of harvested bone is insufficient, bone shavings obtained by the scraper may be considered. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid tris(phenylamide) (hereinafter called as “BTA-93”) was synthesized and proved to be a highly efficient α-crystalline nucleating agent through investigation of crystallization and melting behaviors of nucleated isotactic polypropylene (iPP) by differential scanning calorimetry. The optimum addition amount of BTA-93 in iPP was 0.07 wt%. At this low addition amount, crystallization peak temperature of iPP was increased from 119.3 °C of neat iPP to 126 °C and the nucleation effect was comparable to that of a highly effective commercial nucleating agent disodium bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane dicarboxylate (HPN-68) at addition amount of 0.2 wt%. Furthermore, the crystal structure of BTA-93 was obtained by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal data indicated that the b-direction of BTA-93 crystal was about four times of 0.655 nm which was the cell edge of (010)iPP plane, and the lattice mismatch degree was 2.81%. The outstanding nucleation efficiency of BTA-93 in iPP could relate to the lattice matching between BTA-93 and α-iPP crystals.

Background Data on the pharmacological management of acute agitation in schizophrenia are scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate the prescription practices in the treatment of agitation in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Methods We conducted a large, multicenter, observational study in 14 psychiatry hospitals in China. Newly hospitalized schizophrenia patients with the PANSS-EC total score ≥ 14 and a value ≥4 on at least one of its five items were included in the study. Their drug treatments of the first 2 weeks in hospital were recorded by the researchers. Results Eight hundred and 53 patients enrolled in and 847 (99.30%) completed the study. All participants were prescribed antipsychotics, 40 (4.72%) were prescribed benzodiazepine in conjunction with antipsychotics and 81 were treated with modified electric convulsive therapy (MECT). Four hundred and 12 (48.64%) patients were prescribed only one antipsychotic, in the order of olanzapine (120 patients, 29.13%), followed by risperidone (101 patients, 24.51%) and clozapine (41 patients, 9.95%). About 435 (51.36%) participants received antipsychotic polypharmacy, mostly haloperidol + risperidone (23.45%), haloperidol+ olanzapine (17.01%), olanzapine+ ziprasidone (5.30%), haloperidol + clozapine (4.37%) and haloperidol + quetiapine (3.90%). Binary logistic regression analysis suggests that a high BARS score (OR 2.091, 95%CI 1.140–3.124), severe agitation (OR 1.846, 95%CL 1.266–2.693), unemployment or retirement (OR 1.614, 95%CL 1.189–2.190) and aggressiveness on baseline (OR 1.469, 95%CL 1.032–2.091) were related to an increased antipsychotic polypharmacy odds. Male sex (OR 0.592, 95%CL 0.436–0.803) and schizophrenia in older persons (age ≥ 55 years, OR 0.466, 95%CL 0.240–0.902) were less likely to be associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that monotherapy and polypharmacy display equally common patterns of antipsychotic usage in managing agitation associated with schizophrenia in China. The extent and behavioral activities of agitation and several other factors were associated with polypharmacy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12888-019-2192-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of astragaloside IV on osteoblast‑like cell proliferation and migration, in addition to the underlying signaling pathway. In order to observe the effect on proliferation, a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay and flow cytometry were used. To detect cell migration ability, cell scratch and Transwell cell migration assays were performed. The RNA and protein expression levels of hedgehog signaling molecules, including Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and GLI family zinc finger 1 (GLI1), were examined by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. To inhibit the hedgehog signaling pathway, cyclopamine was used. Astragaloside IV, at a dosage of 1x10‑2 µg/ml in MG‑63 cells and 1x10‑3 µg/ml in U‑2OS cells, resulted in the enhanced proliferation and migration of cells, and the gene expression levels of the SHH and GLI1 were significantly increased. The combination of astragaloside IV and cyclopamine reduced MG‑63 and U‑2OS cell proliferation and migration, and inhibited the gene expression of SHH and GLI1. Astragaloside IV enhanced the proliferation and migration of human osteoblast‑like cells through activating the hedgehog signaling pathway. The results of the present study provide a rational for the mechanistic link in astragaloside IV promoting the proliferation and migration of osteoblasts via the hedgehog signaling pathway.

LncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) has been recognized as an oncogenic lncRNA, which participates in the migration and invasion of many kinds of cancer cells and the development of cancers. In the present study, we explored its clinical significance and prognostic value in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). A total of 98 MIBC patients’ samples were collected, who had undergone radical cystectomy from the March 2013 to December 2018. The associations between PVT1 expression and clinical data were calculated using the Chi2-test. Overall survival curves were determined by the Kaplan–Meier technique and contrasted via log-rank test. We utilized univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models to examine the HR and 95% CI. The expression levels of PVT1 were significantly higher in MIBC tissues than that in normal bladder tissues (P

Objective To observe the application of acupuncture at distal points combined with medicated cupping on the affected parts in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and to evaluate its effectiveness. Methods A total of 120 patients with TMD were randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table and random number remainder method. Sixty-two patients in acupuncture combined with cupping group (group A) were treated with acupuncture at Hegŭ ( LI 4) and Taichōng ( LR 3) combined with medicated cupping on the affected parts with Sānqī ( Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng ) and Baizh ( Radix Angelicae Dahuricae ). Fifty-eight patients in cupping group (group B) were just treated with medicated cupping. Patients were treated for 30 min each time, once daily, and 10 times were considered as one course of treatment. After one course of treatment, the therapeutic effect was evaluated. Before and after treatment, craniomandihular index (CMI), dysfunction index (DI), palpation index(PI) and changes in pain degree (VAS score) were compared. Results Before and after treatment, CMI in group A were 0.27±0.02 and 0.04±0.01, respectively, and in group B were 0.29±0.02 and 0.06±0.01, respectively; PI in group A were 0.19±0.01 and 0.05±0.03, respectively, and in group B were 0.18±0.02 and 0.11±0.02, respectively; DI in group A were 0.33±0.04 and 0.06±0.02, respectively, and in group B were 0.34±0.05 and 0.11±0.04, respectively; VAS in group A were 5.39±0.24 and 2.13±0.47, respectively, and in group B were 5.70±0.31 and 3.97±0.26, respectively. After treatment, CMI, DI, PI and VAS in both groups significantly decreased when compared with those before treatment (all P P Conclusion The therapeutic effect of acupuncture at distal points combined with cupping at adjacent points in treatment of TMD is superior to that of single medicated cupping therapy.

The calcium salt of hexahydrophthalic acid (Hyperform HPN-20E) is an effective nucleating agent for polyethylene which was developed by Milliken Chemical Co., (USA) in recent years. In this paper, the properties and crystallization behaviors of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in the presence of Hyperform HPN-20E were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy. Addition of Hyperform HPN-20E improved the tensile, flexural and optical properties of iPP significantly and increased the crystallization rate of iPP greatly. The nucleation effects were comparable to the nucleation efficiency of a highly effective commercial iPP nucleating agent Hyperform HPN-68. When the addition amount of Hyperform HPN-20E in iPP was 0.2 wt.%, the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of iPP were increased by 10.81%, 8.65%, 16.67%, and 11.96%, respectively, compared to those of pure iPP; the haze value was decreased by 42.44% and the crystallization...

The globally convergent version of MMA (GCMMA) is deeply studied in this paper. Based on 3-bar truss structures, the advantages and disadvantages of the rules for updating the parameters are analyzed. The factor that makes convergence rate slow is found. Then the improvement measure by using two points approximate optimization for reference is put forward to speed up convergence rate. Finally by application on structural optimization of a truss, improved GCMMA can converge to the global optimal solution. Meanwhile, the convergent rate of improved GCMMA is significantly faster than GCMMA.

In order to reduce the environmental pollution of coal-fired heating, coal plus biomass co-firing has been put into test. In this experiment, based on the a 20t coal-fired steam boiler of heating company in northeastern region, through observing the data that generated by different fuels ratio, it did the economic and social analysis by using contrast method and computer technology. The results showed: when the ratio of straw and coal is 1:11, it gains optimal benefit.

In order to play an important role in improving the energy structure of new energy, solving the energy shortage and environmental pollution with new energy, it did the research on investment status of new energy industry in China. Based on the data analysis, this paper mainly discussed problems investigate management, technology, capital, etc. and put forward reasonable proposals that conducive to the development of new energy industries.

In order to achieve the goal of energy efficiency in commercial buildings, This article focused on EMC model in commercial building energy saving, and studied on the features of the model, building, usage and other aspects.

OBJECTIVE: To screen and identify serum biomarkers for childhood hepatoblastoma (HB). METHODS: The serum samples from 30 children with hepatoblastoma (HB), 20 children with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and 20 normal children were treated with magnetic bead-based weak cation exchange chromatography. The platform of surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) was used to eliminate the interference of inflammatory factors and to screen out the differentially expressed proteins in serum between tumor group and normal group. After the purification and separation of target proteins were performed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry was used to determine their amino acid sequences. The SwissProt database was searched for matched proteins. Finally, real-time PCR and ELISA were used to verify and measure the expression of target proteins. RESULTS: After SELDI-TOF-MS was used for screening and elimination of the interference of inflammatory factors, a differentially expression protein with a mass-to-charge ratio of 9 348 Da was found in serum between HB group and normal group, and the HB group had significantly lower expression of this protein than the normal group (P < 0.05). This protein was identified as apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-Ⅰ). Real-time PCR and ELISA verified the low mRNA and protein expression of Apo A-Ⅰ in serum in the HB group and high expression in serum in the normal group. CONCLUSIONS: Apo A-Ⅰ can be used as a non-inflammatory protein marker for HB and has a certain value in the early diagnosis of HB.

// Jing Wang 1, * , Yu-Chuan Li 2, * , Min Deng 2 , Hai-Yin Jiang 2 , Li-Hua Guo 2 , Wen-Juan Zhou 3 and Bing Ruan 2 1 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 2 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 3 Department of Health Management Center, Wuxi Third People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Bing Ruan, email: hzruanbing@gmail.com Keywords: insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF-binding protein-3, hepatocellular carcinomas, overall survival, time-to-progression Received: December 06, 2016 Accepted: June 20, 2017 Published: July 12, 2017 ABSTRACT Purpose: Previous studies have supported an association between serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) levels and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the results were inaccurate. It has recently been proposed that IGF1 and IGFBP3 play roles in the time-to-progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. Our results revealed that serum IGF1 level is predictive of the progression and survival of HCC patients. Results: HCC was associated with a significant reduction in serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels compared to cirrhosis ( p = 0.037). Low serum IGF1 levels were predictive of a shorter TTP (OR, 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.92–3.90) and poorer OS (odds ratio [OR], 2.20; 95% CI, 1.81–2.68) in HCC patients. The IGF1/IGFBP3 molar ratio was not significantly associated with the risk of HCC (OR, 1.311; 95% CI, 0.761–2.260). Materials and Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to statistical analysis. The geometric mean and standard deviation (SD) of serum IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels in the healthy, cirrhosis, and HCC groups were calculated. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a fixed-effects model to analyse the association of serum IGF1 level with the progression and survival of HCC patients. Conclusions: Serum IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels were positively associated with the incidence of HCC. Serum IGF1 level is an independent prognostic factor for the progression and survival of HCC patients.

The subproblem of the globally convergent version of method of moving asymptotes (GCMMA) was deeply studied and realized by Lagrange dual method, sequential unconstrained minimization technique (SUMT) and conjugate gradient method. Based on the convex, separable and conservative properties of subproblem, a dual problem was built by using Lagrange dual method. The dual problem was transformed into unconstrained optimization problem using SUMT and solved by conjugate gradient method. Finally, the feasibility of solution of subproblem is demonstrated by truss structural optimization problem. Comparing with other optimization algorithms, GCMMA can converge to the global optimal solution.

To valve leakage in working process of diesel engine, the corresponding fault simulation is an important measure for finding a diagnostic method. By the Law of Conversation of Energy, Conversation of Mass and the Classical Equations, mathematical model of working cycle of diesel engine is reasonably built and calculated. Through analyzing valve leakage fault, the single Weber-function is used as a combustion model in fault simulation. Fault diagnosing of valve via the energy parameters of cylinder head vibration signal is proposed. The key to diagnose valve leakage closely lies in analyzing its high frequency components through selecting the cylinder head vibration signal close to the maximum burning and exploding pressure step and proposing spectrum analysis.

This multi-center observational study investigated the prevalence of agitation in newly hospitalized schizophrenia patients in China and its potential risk factors. It was performed in 2014 and covered 14 hospitals. Newly hospitalized patients with schizophrenia or suspected schizophrenia who met the diagnostic criteria of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision, were recruited. Agitation and related risk factors were evaluated by a questionnaire designed for the survey. General demographic data, disease characteristics, scores on schizophrenia rating scales and agitation rating scales (e.g., Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component [PANSS-EC] and Behavioral Activity Rating Scale [BARS]) were collected. Among the 1512 patients screened in the study, 1400 (92.59%) were eligible. According to the PANSS-EC and BARS, the prevalence of agitation was 60.92% (853 of 1400) and 59.00% (826 of 1400), respectively. The overall prevalence of agitation was 47.50% (665 of 1400). The most important risk factor of agitation was being aggressive at baseline (Modified Overt Aggression Scale score ≥4, odds ratio=6.54; 95% confidence interval=4.93-8.69). Other risk factors included a history of aggressive behavior, northern region of residence, involuntary hospitalization, disease severity, low level of education, living alone, being unemployed or retired.

Global warming caused by CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions has a direct impact of human existence, The current three sets of technological solutions corresponding to the global warming to develop low carbon economy such as improving energy efficiency and conservation, reducing the carbon content of energy, development and utilization of natural carbon sinks, are not only existence of selection bottleneck but also run hardly and cannot solve global warming in this century fundamentally. Wood carbon sequestration is a new global carbon pool based on technological innovation, combined with modern agriculture, created by means of industrialization. Wood carbon sequestration is not only a long-term carbon sequestration benefits storage body also can be a low-cost production resources or materials. To cultivate it to become an industry will not only become the new economic growth point for farmers to increase incomes, promote regional economic restructuring and industrial upgrading but also end the dependence of forest wood resources to human. This paper puts forward some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on making reform on institutional level and the innovation of financial products to support the development of wood carbon sequestration materials industry, based on the financing obstacles to the development of wood carbon sequestration materials industry, form the significance of wood carbon sequestration materials development.

This paper proposed to build a smile expression classification system on data sets of GENKI that can represent real-world environments, and tested its implementation, in which we got the optimal recognition rate up to 86.197%. To deal with the features extraction problems, hybrid features (i.e., Gabor, PHOG, PLBP) are used, using hybrid recognition algorithms (i.e., GentleBoost, SVM) to classify, in this paper. Experiments showed the effectiveness of our methods.

Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1), associated with the picorna-like superfamily, infects the chestnut blight fungus and attenuates the virulence of the host fungus. The genomic RNA of the virus has two continuous open reading frames, A and B, separated by the pentanucleotide UAAUG. We present here evidence suggesting that ORF B is translated from genome-sized virus mRNA by a coupled termination/reinitiation mechanism mediated by the pentamer. In the coupled translation, the overlapping UAA and AUG triplets serve as the stop codon of ORF A and the initiator of ORF B, respectively. This was established by the use of a luciferase assay with a basic construct containing the ORF A sequence and the firefly luciferase gene while retaining the pentamer between the two coding sequences. The proportion of ribosomes reinitiating translation after terminating was determined to be 2.5–4.4% by three independent assay systems in fungal and insect cells. Use of a series of mutant constructs identified two sequence elements, the pentamer and the p40 sequence, that affect the efficiency of coupled translation and virus replication. Together, these results provide the first example of coupled translation facilitated by the pentanucleotide UAAUG in the kingdom Fungi. The mechanism by which the preceding p40-coding sequence promotes reinitiation is discussed.

In order to solve the problem of temperature drift for fiber optic gyroscope, the neural network is used to construct the temperature drift model. The neural network is easy to fall into local minimum, the convergence speed is slow, the genetic algorithm is used to optimize neural network. The genetic algorithm has the problem of premature convergence is early in species, the mixed algorithm is used, the genetic algorithm is improved. The simulation results show that the neural network optimization method can predict the temperature of fiber optic gyroscope drift effectively.

To investigate the role of heme oxygenase and carbon monoxide (HO/CO) in the development of spontaneous pain and hyperalgesia of rats induced by formalin injection.Zinc protoporphyrin Znpp (the inhibitor of HO) was intrathecally injected to the rats with formalin inflammatory pain. Hemin (the agonist of HO) was intrathecally injected to the normal rats. The weighted pain scores were used to evaluate the degree of pain response. Thermal withdrawal latency and mechanical withdrawal threshold were observed to assess the degree of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia.After the intrathecal injection of Znpp, the weighted pain score obviously reduced in a dose-dependent manner compared with the rats with formalin inflammatory pain. Intrathecal injection of Znpp had no obvious effect on thermal withdrawal latency and mechanical withdrawal threshold in injected feet compared with formalin group. But there was a prolongation in a dose-dependent manner in non injected feet. Intrathecal injection of Hemin to normal rats could shorten the thermal withdrawal latency and reduce the mechanical withdrawal threshold on both sides of hindpaws.Intrathecal injection of the HO inhibitor produced prominent inhibition to pain related behavior and thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by formalin injection. Intrathecal injection of HO inductor could induce thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in normal rats. The results indicated that HO/CO took part in the processes of spinal cord nociceptive information transmission and the development of thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia.

To investigate whether formalin inflammatory pain can induce hippocampal neuronal apoptosis of rats or not.Rats were subcutaneously injected with 0.2 ml 0.5% formalin into the ventral surface of right hind paw to induce periphery inflammatory pain. The flinches of rats were counted to observe their painful reaction. Flow cytometry was used to assay the ratio of apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. The immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of p53 protein in hippocampal subregions.Compared with control group, the apoptotic ratio of hippocampal neurons was significantly increased in rats with inflammatory pain, and formalin inflammatory pain induced upregulation of p53 protein expression in all hippocampal subregions. Both the apoptotic ratio and the p53 protein expression peaked on the third day after the formalin injection. The twice injection of formalin into the hind paws of rats resulted in an enhancement of painful reaction and increase in apoptotic ratio of hippocampal neurons compared with the rats of injection formalin once group.Formalin inflammatory pain can induce the hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in rats with a certain time course. Neuronal apoptosis is relevant to the intensity of pain. The up-regulation of p53 protein expression may implicate in the induction of hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in rats with inflammatory pain.

To study the effect of different intervals between occlusions of vertebral arteries and bilateral common carotid arteries on the Pulsinelli 4-vessel occlusion global cerebral ischemic model, and the features of ischemia of the brainstem and hippocampus induced by occulusion of bilateral common carotid arteries under the condition of occlusion of unilateral vertebral artery.Eighty four adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups randomly: control group, bilateral vertebral artery occluding group, global brain ischemic insult group, and unilateral vertebral artery occluding plus bilateral common carotid arteries occluding group. In the global brain ischemic insult group, rats were further divided into 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h interval subgroups according to the interval between the occlusion of the vertebral arteries and bilateral common carotid arteries. The responses including enlarging of pupils and the light reflex during the brain ischemia were observed. The duration of right reflex disappearing, the general state, and the delayed neuronal death (DND) of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 hippocampus of the rats after the brain ischemia were also observed.Among the global brain ischemic insult group, both the responses and DND were more severe in 72 h interval subgroup than those in 24 h and 48 h interval subgroups. There was no significant difference between 24 h and 48 h interval subgroups. When the bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded under the condition of occlusion of unilateral vertebral artery, severe DND was observed in the CA1 hippocampus ipsilateral to the occluding vertebral artery, but no significant DND was observed in the contralateral CA1 hippocampus.The results suggested that the prior occlusion of the bilateral vertebral arteries during producing Pulsinelli 4-vessel occlusion global cerebral ischemic model might be a cerebral ischemic preconditioning that could protect to some extent pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus against severe ischemic insult induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries within 48 h. Moreover, There is ipsilateral predominance of blood perfusion from one side of vertebral artery to the brainstem and hippocampus, although there was Willis artery circle in rats.

Primary premature ejaculation (PPE) is a prevalent sexual dysfunction among men while its precise pathologic mechanism has remained poorly understood. In current study the correlation between excitability of bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) to stimulation of prostatic urethra and primary premature ejaculation was studied.Forty-two patients with PPE and 20 normal potent male volunteers were studied by inserting a specially designed Foley catheter with two electrodes mounted on its distal surface (intraurethral catheter electrode) into bladder to evoke the BCR to stimulation of prostatic urethra to record the sensory thresholds of BCR to stimulation of prostatic urethra, thresholds to evoke stable BCR and latencies of BCR. Also the sensitivity of glans penis to electrical stimulation was detected by two surface electrodes.The mean sensory thresholds of BCR to stimulation of prostatic urethra, thresholds to evoke stable BCR, latencies of BCR and sensory thresholds of glans penis were (18.2 +/- 2.7) mA (0.2 ms in duration, 1 Hz), (34.8 +/- 4.2) mA (0.2 ms, 1 Hz), (71.2 +/- 5.8) ms and (14.2 +/- 1.9) mA (0.04 ms in duration, 3 Hz) in normal potent men respectively and were (12.4 +/- 3.7) mA (0.2 ms, 1 Hz), (23.8 +/- 5.6) mA (0.2 ms, 1 Hz), (70.5 +/- 6.3) ms and (11.9 +/- 2.3) mA (0.04 ms, 3 Hz) in patients with PPE respectively. Statistically significant differences were seen regarding the sensory thresholds of BCR to stimulation of prostatic urethra, the thresholds to evoke stable BCR and the sensory thresholds of glans penis between two groups (all P0.01). No statistically differences were seen regarding the latencies of BCR between two groups (P0.05).Patients with PPE have hyperexcitable BCR to stimulation of prostatic urethra. It is probably one of the important etiological factors. Moreover the findings may provide new therapeutic modalities of PPE.

The title compound, C10H12N2O3, contains three molecules in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N—H...O interactions link the molecules into chains along the b axis. The crystal structure is consolidated by weak C—H...π interactions.

In the molecule of the title compound, C16H15NO5, the aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 74.89 (3)°. Intramolecular C—H...O interactions result in the formation of a seven-membered ring. In the crystal structure, weak intermolecular C—H...O interactions link the molecules into chains along the b axis.