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Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the common immunological mechanism, which involves aberration of immunoglobulin and T-cell distribution in histologically distinctive tonsils, may be associated with the pathogenesis of tonsillar focal infection. Objectives: Tonsillar focal infection comprises a group of relatively common diseases combined with chronic tonsillar infection, is associated with unusual immune responses in tonsils, and may cause lesions in another distant target organ. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of inflammatory T cells and T-cell regulatory elements, such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and Fork head box protein 3 (Foxp3), immunoglobulin production, and histological characteristics in tonsils from patients with tonsillar focal infection. Methods: Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to compare the expression of CD8+ T cells, immunoglobulins, and cytokines associated with immunoglobulin production in the tonsils of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and chronic tonsillitis. Results: The overexpression of CD8+ T cells combined with decreased expression of Foxp3 and PD-1 and the aberration of immunoglobulin production, which may be due to the elevated expression of activation-induced deaminase (AID), B-cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF), supporting isotype switching, and B-cell survival in the histologically distinctive tonsils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effects of electromyography on the clinical manifestations and prognosis after posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF) of degenerative lumbar diseases., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 68 patients with degenerative lumbar diseases, including 29 males and 39 females, aged 21 to 84 years old, who underwent electromyogram (EMG) from January 2018 to October 2019. The patients were divided into negative and positive groups according to whether theresults of EMG was normal or abnormal, PLIF surgery was performed in both groups. The preoperative duration of illness, postoperative recovery time, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative ambulation time and length of postoperative hospital stay were recorded. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS) of low back and lower limb, the Japanese Orthopedic Association(JOA) score before and after operation., Results: All patients were follow-up from 26 to 39 months. The subjective symptoms, clinical signs, daily activities and JOA total scores after operation in two groups were significantly higher than those before preoperation( P <0.05);the clinical signs score and total JOA score in the negative group at 3 months after operation were higher than those in the positive group( P <0.05). The VAS score of leg pain in the negative group after 1 and 3 months was less than that in the positive group( P <0.05). Patients 's illness time, postoperative recovery time, hospitalization time and implantation time in the negative group were shorter than those in the positive group( P <0.05). At other time points, there was no significant difference in low pain VAS, leg pain VAS, JOA scores in the two groups( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the operation time and intraoperative bleeding volume between the two groups( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Patients with normal electromyography had shorter disease duration than ones with abnormal electromyography in lumbar degenerative disease;after PLIF, patients with normal electromyography recovered faster than ones with abnormal electromyography, but the results of electromyography had no effect on the final prognosis of PLIF surgery.

In an attempt to arrive at a more potent antitumor agent than the parent natural saponin hederacolchiside A 1 , 23 hederacolchiside A 1 derivatives (4a-4w) were synthesized via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and screened in vitro for cytotoxicity against six human cancer cell lines. The structure-activity relationship of these compounds was elucidated, and the biological screening results showed that most of the compounds exhibited moderate to high levels of antitumor activities against the tested cell lines and some of them displayed more potent inhibitory activities compared with hederacolchiside A 1 . Compound 4f showed a 2- to 7-fold more potent activity than hederacolchiside A 1 . The mechanistic study of 4f revealed that this compound can induce cell apoptosis in HepG2 cells via mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic pathways., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the common immunological mechanism, which involves aberration of immunoglobulin and T-cell distribution in histologically distinctive tonsils, may be associated with the pathogenesis of tonsillar focal infection., Objectives: Tonsillar focal infection comprises a group of relatively common diseases combined with chronic tonsillar infection, is associated with unusual immune responses in tonsils, and may cause lesions in another distant target organ. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of inflammatory T cells and T-cell regulatory elements, such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and Fork head box protein 3 (Foxp3), immunoglobulin production, and histological characteristics in tonsils from patients with tonsillar focal infection., Methods: Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to compare the expression of CD8(+) T cells, immunoglobulins, and cytokines associated with immunoglobulin production in the tonsils of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and chronic tonsillitis., Results: The overexpression of CD8(+) T cells combined with decreased expression of Foxp3 and PD-1 and the aberration of immunoglobulin production, which may be due to the elevated expression of activation-induced deaminase (AID), B-cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF), supporting isotype switching, and B-cell survival in the histologically distinctive tonsils.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and complications of the Shang Ring circumcision with those of conventional surgical procedures., Methods: A total of 724 patients, 521 with redundant prepuce and 203 with phimosis, were randomly assigned to receive the Shang Ring circumcision (n = 402) and conventional surgical procedures (n = 322). Comparisons were made between the two groups in the surgical duration, blood loss, pain score, as well as postoperative complications, satisfaction with the penile appearance, and the quality of sexual life., Results: The surgical duration, blood loss, postoperative satisfaction and IIRF-5 score were (4.70 +/- 1.30) min, (2.60 +/- 1.80) ml, 99.50% (400/402) and 23.45 +/- 3.43, respectively, in the Shang Ring group as compared with (25.6 +/- 8.3) min, (11.20 +/- 3.50) ml, 69.57% (224/322) and 23.12 +/- 3.26 in the conventional surgery group, with statistically significant differences in the first three parameters (P < 0.01), but not in IIRF-5 score (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Compared with the conventional surgical procedures, the Shang Ring circumcision has the advantages of shorter operation time, less blood loss, mild pain, fewer complications, better penile appearance, lower expenses, and higher satisfaction and acceptance of the patients.