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Halide solid electrolytes (SEs) are attracting strong attention as one of the compelling candidates for the next‐generation of inorganic SEs due to their high ionic conductivity. Nevertheless, unsatisfactory high‐voltage stability restricts the further applications of halide SEs. Herein, the anion‐engineering of F−/O2− is evolved to construct the high‐voltage stable zirconium‐based halide superionic conductors (Li2.5ZrCl5F0.5O0.5, LZCFO). Benefiting from the thermodynamic/kinetic high‐voltage stability of F‐containing SE and the disordered localized structure introduced by O2−, LZCFO displays a practical electrochemical limit of 4.87 V versus Li/Li+ and an ionic conductivity of 1.17 mS cm−1 at 30 °C. With LZCFO and NCM955, the all‐solid‐state lithium battery exhibits a high discharge capacity of 207.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1C and a capacity retention of 81.2% after 500 cycles at 0.5C. The interfacial characterization further demonstrates the formation of the F‐rich cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI), which inhibits side reactions between the cathode and the SE and boosts excellent cycling stability. This work affords fresh insights on the engineering of SEs with high‐voltage stability, high ionic conductivity, and stable CEI in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to explore the biological significance of myosin light chain 6B (MYL6B) in rectal adenocarcinoma.

The fundamental reason for coal's spontaneous combustion is that the amount of generated heat by oxidation exceeds that of heat dissipated. Therefore, the generated heat by oxidation and the amount of consumed oxygen are major indexes to evaluate coal's spontaneous combustion propensity (CSCP). In this study, a method to simultaneously measure the consumed oxygen and generated heat was established by using constant temperature difference guiding method. On this basis, the relationship between the oxygen consumption and heat generation during low-temperature oxidation of four types of coal from six mines was studied. It was found that this method can quickly and efficiently obtain oxygen consumption and heat generation of coal during the low-temperature oxidation. The results reveal that the oxygen consumption of all the test samples are positively and linearly correlated with their heat generation. On this basis, with the aid of the oxygen consumption (to replace the heat generation), a theoretical basis for judging CSCP was obtained, which supports the identification of CSCP based on oxygen consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol abuse can lead to alcoholic hepatitis (AH), a worldwide public health issue with high morbidity and mortality. Here, we identified apolipoprotein A-IV (APOA4) as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for AH. APOA4 expression was detected by Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, Immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PCR in AH. Bioinformatics Methods (protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used to show down-stream gene and pathways of APOA4 in AH. AML-12 cells were used to evaluate the biological function of APOA4 using an ELISA kit (AST, ALT, and IL-1β) and flow cytometry (ROS activity). Both in vivo and in vitro, APOA4 expression was significantly elevated in the AH model induced by alcohol (ETOH). AML-12 cell damage was specifically repaired by APOA4 deficiency, while AST, ALT, and IL-1β activity that was increased by ETOH (200 µmol, 12 h) were suppressed. APOA4 inhibition increased intracellular ROS induced by ETOH, which was detected by flow cytometry. Functional and PPI network analyses showed Fcgamma receptor (FCGR) and platelet activation signaling were potential downstream pathways. We identified CIDEC as a downstream gene of APOA4. The CIDEC AUC values for the ROC curves were 0.861. At the same time, APOA4 silencing downregulated the expression of CIDEC, whereas the knockdown of CIDEC did not influence the expression of APOA4 in AML-12 cells. Collectively, APOA4 regulates CIDEC expression and immune cell infiltration and may hold great potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for AH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-temperature oxidation of coal includes processes such as coal-oxygen reactions and pyrolysis. As heat generated from coal-oxygen reaction is the fundamental driver of coal spontaneous combustion, the thermokinetic studies of coal spontaneous combustion should be focused on that. However, the pyrolysis path will impact the coal-oxygen reaction, resulting in limited capability of characterizing the t accurate hermokinetic parameters of coal-oxygen reaction process. Therefore, this paper proposed a new method to test the heat generation characteristics of coal-oxygen reaction path and the theoretical model of the method was established. The experimental results show that the method can achieve successful experiments within a short period of time, and exclude the impacts from heat absorption of water evaporation and pyrolysis, and well characterize the nature of coal spontaneous combustion. Meanwhile, the thermokinetic parameters such as heat generation rate and heat production can be obtained quickly and accurately. The coal-oxygen reaction path is divided into three stages by using the heat generation characteristics. By analyzing in-situ FTIR results, it is concluded that the gradual participation of different active groups is the main reason for the three stages. There are two main factors affecting the starting and heat generation of each stage, one is the activity of active groups which can participate in the initial reaction, and the other one is the number and activity of active groups that can participate in the reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional Chinese medicine Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) is often used for the treatment of a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. In Chinese veterinary clinic, PG is always extracted by decoction and taken orally, however, the molecular mechanism of PG extract (PE) to reduce LPS-induced inflammation, especially acute lung injury (ALI) in vivo, are not known. Thus, we have studied the anti-inflammatory effects of PE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury via TLR4/NF-κBp65 pathway in rat. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, LPS group, LPS+PE low dose group and LPS+PE high dose group. All rats were given corresponding PE solution or the same amount of normal saline by intragastric administration for 7 days. On the 7th day, 1 h after the last administration, 500 μg of LPS were introduced intratracheally to establish ALI rat model, and the same volume of normal saline was given to control group. The results showed that PE reduced the levels of LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators including IL-6, PGE2, and TNF-α, alleviated the lung injury histologically, and down-regulated LPS-induced mRNA and protein levels of TLR4/NF-κBp65 in lung tissue. This study demonstrated that PE has the antiinflammatory effects on LPS-induced ALI in rats through TLR4/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway, indicating that PE is an effective suppressor for anti-inflammatory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]