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In addition to RUNX1::RUNX1T1 transcript levels, measurable residual disease monitoring using KIT mutant (KITmut) DNA level is reportedly predictive of relapse in t (8; 21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the usefulness of KITmut transcript levels remains unknown. A total of 202 bone marrow samples collected at diagnosis and during treatment from 52 t (8; 21) AML patients with KITmut (D816V/H/Y or N822K) were tested for KITmut transcript levels using digital polymerase chain reaction. The individual optimal cutoff values of KITmut were identified by performing receiver operating characteristics curve analysis for relapse at each of the following time points: at diagnosis, after achieving complete remission (CR), and after Course 1 and 2 consolidations. The cutoff values were used to divide the patients into the KITmut‐high (KIT_H) group and the KITmut‐low (KIT_L) group. The KIT_H patients showed significantly lower relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates than the KIT_L patients after Course 1 consolidation (p = 0.0040 and 0.021, respectively) and Course 2 consolidation (p = 0.018 and 0.011, respectively) but not at diagnosis and CR. The <3‐log reduction in the RUNX1::RUNX1T1 transcript levels after Course 2 consolidation was an independent adverse prognostic factor for RFS and OS. After Course 2 consolidation, the KIT_H patients with >3‐log reduction in the RUNX1::RUNX1T1 transcript levels (11/45; 24.4%) had similar RFS as that of patients with <3‐log reduction in the RUNX1::RUNX1T1 transcript levels. The combination of KITmut and RUNX1::RUNX1T1 transcript levels after Course 2 consolidation may improve risk stratification in t (8; 21) AML patient with KIT mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc finger protein 384 (ZNF384) rearrangement defined a novel subtype of B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL). The prognostic significance of ZNF384 fusion transcript levels represented measurable residual disease remains to be explored. ZNF384 fusions were screened out in 57 adult B‐ALL patients at diagnosis by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and their transcript levels were serially monitored during treatment. The reduction of ZNF384 fusion transcript levels at the time of achieving complete remission had no significant impact on survival, whereas its ≥2.5‐log reduction were significantly associated with higher relapse free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates after course 1 consolidation (p = 0.022 and = 0.0083) and course 2 consolidation (p = 0.0025 and = 0.0008). Compared with chemotherapy alone, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) significantly improved RFS and OS of patients with <2.5‐log reduction after course 1 consolidation (p < 0.0001 and = 0.0002) and course 2 consolidation (p = 0.0003 and = 0.019), whereas exerted no significant effects in patients with ≥2.5‐log reduction (all p > 0.05). ZNF384 fusion transcript levels after course 1 and course 2 consolidation strongly predict relapse and survival and may guide whether receiving allo‐HSCT in adult B‐ALL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disease caused by soybean cyst nematode (soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, SCN) is a worldwide soybean disease. The internationally used race identification models including Riggs model and Hg type for differentiate soybean cyst nematode population could not effectively distinguish the highly virulent race such as race 4, X12 population, and synthesized nematode population LY1. This study provides a simple identification method for distinguishing the three highly virulent population of the soybean cyst nematode, which would be greatly contribute to SCN research. This method included the following steps: First, we used the susceptible varieties and raised enough cysts in the soil infected highly virulent population of SCN for inoculation. Then, soybean varieties Xingxianhuipizhi (ZDD2315) and PI567516C were selected as differential hosts, and Lee was used as susceptible control for inoculation. Both ZDD2315 and PI567516C was sensitive in the inoculating reaction, indicating that the soil was infected by X12 population. If ZDD2315 was resistance while PI567516C were susceptible to the disease, indicating the soil was infected by race 4. If PI567516C was resistance to disease, it revealed that the soil was infected by LY1 population. These results indicated that the three highly virulent population including race 4, X12 population, and synthesized LY1 population could be effectively distinguished depending on the reaction of SCN on germplasms of ZDD2315 and PI567516C from China. In conclusion, these results of this study are of great significance for screening resistance germplasms, investigating the race distribution of SCN, and studying the pathogenic genes of SCN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In heterogeneous catalysis, the interface between active metal and support plays a key role in catalyzing various reactions. Specially, the synergistic effect between active metals and oxygen vacancies on support can greatly promote catalytic efficiency. However, the construction of high-density metal-vacancy synergistic sites on catalyst surface is very challenging. In this work, isolated Pt atoms are first deposited onto a very thin-layer of MoO3 surface stabilized on γ-Mo2N. Subsequently, the Pt–MoOx/γ-Mo2N catalyst, containing abundant Pt cluster-oxygen vacancy (Ptn–Ov) sites, is in situ constructed. This catalyst exhibits an unmatched activity and excellent stability in the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction at low temperature (300 °C). Systematic in situ characterizations illustrate that the MoO3 structure on the γ-Mo2N surface can be easily reduced into MoOx (2 < x < 3), followed by the creation of sufficient oxygen vacancies. The Pt atoms are bonded with oxygen atoms of MoOx, and stable Pt clusters are formed. These high-density Ptn–Ov active sites greatly promote the catalytic activity. This strategy of constructing metal-vacancy synergistic sites provides valuable insights for developing efficient supported catalysts. Constructing effective synergistic sites between multiple components in supported catalysts is the key to improve catalytic performance. Here the authors utilized the stress of MoO3/γ-Mo2N structure and the interaction between Pt and support to construct an effective catalytic interface for the low-temperature reverse water–gas shift reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TGA transcription factors are a subfamily of bZIP, which play important roles in pathogen and abiotic stress responses. A TGA transcription factor family gene GmTGA26 was screened and cloned from soybean in this study. Homologous protein comparison showed that GmTGA26 had a conserved leucine zipper domain and had the highest homology with wild soybean. The analysis of gene expression characteristics revealed that GmTGA26 gene was induced by salt stress in soybean. In addition, GmTGA26 gene encoded nuclear localization protein and had transcriptional activation activity. The "complex" soybean plants overexpressing GmTGA26 were obtained through Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation of soybean. The growth state of "complex" soybean plants was better than the empty vector control under salt stress. Meanwhile, the MDA content and relative plasma membrane permeability decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while the chlorophyll content and root activity increased significantly (P < 0.05). The qRT-PCR results indicated that overexpression of GmTGA26 in soybean hairy roots under salt stress could significantly up-regulate the expression of stress response genes. The above results showed that overexpression of GmTGA26 significantly enhanced the salt tolerance of "complex" soybean plants. It is speculated that GmTGA26 participates in the regulation of soybean salt stress response by regulating a series of downstream stress response genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]