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The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between school bullying victimization and non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) frequency, taking into consideration the mediating roles of coping strategies and emotional regulation. Participants were 12‐18‐year‐old outpatients and inpatients who met the NSSI and depressive disorder criteria according to the DSM‐5. Assessments included the Multidimensional Peer‐Victimization Scale, Coping Style Scale for Middle School Students, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, and the Functional Assessment of Self‐Mutilation to examine the bullying victimization, coping strategies, emotion regulation, and NSSI behaviour. Serial multiple mediation effects of coping strategies and emotion regulation between bullying victimization and NSSI frequency were analysed using the SPSS macro PROCESS programme. A total of 2335 participants were included in this study. Bullying victimization significantly predicted NSSI frequency (B = 0.191, p < 0.001). Both coping strategies and emotion regulation were important mediators in the relationship between bullying victimization and NSSI frequency. Bullying victimization indirectly affected NSSI through two serial mediation pathways: (1) bullying victimization → problem‐focused coping → cognitive reappraisal → NSSI frequency, and (2) bullying victimization → emotion‐focused coping→ expressive suppression → NSSI frequency. The study revealed a positive association between bullying victimization and the frequency of NSSI among adolescents with depressive disorder. Strategies of coping and emotional regulation significantly mediated the link between bullying victimization and the frequency of NSSI. The findings suggested that supporting adolescents in adopting effective coping and emotional regulation strategies could be a crucial approach to mitigate the impact of bullying victimization on the frequency of NSSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of digital holography, the accuracy requirements for the reconstruction phase are becoming increasingly high. The transfer function of the double fast transform (D-FFT) algorithm is distorted when the diffraction distance is larger than the criterion distance d t , which reduces the accuracy of solving the phase. In this paper, the Fresnel diffraction integration algorithm is improved by using the low-pass Tukey window to obtain more accurate reconstructed phases. The improved algorithm is called the D-FFT (Tukey) algorithm. The D-FFT (Tukey) algorithm adjusts the degree of edge smoothing of the Tukey window, using the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the structural similarity (SSIM) to remove the ringing effect and obtain a more accurate reconstructed phase. In a simulation of USAF1951, the longitudinal resolution of the reconstructed phase obtained by D-FFT (Tukey) reached 1.5 μ m , which was lower than the 3 μ m obtained by the T-FFT algorithm. The results of Fresnel holography experiments on lung cancer cell slices also demonstrated that the phase quality obtained by the D-FFT (Tukey) algorithm was superior to that of the T-FFT algorithm. D-FFT (Tukey) algorithm has potential applications in phase correction, structured illumination digital holographic microscopy, and microscopic digital holography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the study of a diffraction field of a light wave passing through a symmetrical paraxial optical system, the Collins formula and its inverse are convenient for calculation. The algorithm study of the Collins formula demonstrates that both a single fast Fourier transform algorithm and a double fast Fourier transform algorithm can be used in diffraction calculation. But, whichever algorithm is adopted, only by meeting some specific conditions can the amplitude and phase distributions of a diffracted wave be calculated correctly. Based on the Nyquist sampling theorem, the indispensable conditions to calculate a diffraction field accurately are presented. OCIS codes: 050.1960, 70.2590, 00.4430.

We evaluate the eigenfields of an unstable Bessel--Gauss resonator (UBGR) by use of the transfer-matrix method in which the transverse profiles and their corresponding losses of the UBGR are considered as the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of a transfer matrix so that the dominant mode fields and their losses of the UBGR can be readily extracted in terms of the matrix eigenvalue algorithm. Moreover, based on the eigenfields across two mirrors that resulted from the transfer-matrix method, we simulate the field distributions in the cavity and the propagation of output beams by means of the angular spectrum method. The computation results show that the UBGR easily produces a fundamental Bessel--Gauss mode of good quality, and the output beams retain the original Bessel--Gauss distribution during propagation. OCIS codes: 140.3300, 140.3410, 140.4780.

A Gaussian-reflectivity mirror resonator is proposed to achieve high-quality laser beams. To analyze the laser fields in a Gaussian-reflectivity mirror resonator, the diffraction integral equations of a Gaussianreflectivity mirror resonator are converted to the finite-sum matrix equations. Consequently, according to the Fox-Li laser self-reproducing principle, we describe the mode fields and their losses in the proposed resonator as eigenvectors and eigenvalues of a transfer matrix. The conclusion can be drawn from the numerical results that, if a Gaussian-reflectivity mirror is adopted for a piano-concave resonator, a fundamental mode can easily be obtained from a transverse-flow C[O.sub.2] laser and high-quality laser beams can be expected. OCIS codes: 140.3300, 140.3410, 140.4130.

Leaf is the major photosynthesis organ and the key source of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain. Spotted leaf (spl) mutant is a kind of leaf lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) in plants, which is an ideal material for studying the mechanisms of leaf development. In this study, we report the leaf abnormal development molecular mechanism of a spl mutant named white stripe leaf (wsl) derived from wheat cultivar Guomai 301 (WT). Histochemical observation indicated that the leaf mesophyll cells of the wsl were destroyed in the necrosis regions. To explore the molecular regulatory network of the leaf development in mutant wsl, we employed transcriptome analysis, histochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and observations of the key metabolites and photosynthesis parameters. Compared to WT, the expressions of the chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis-related homeotic genes were repressed; many genes in the WRKY transcription factor (TF) families were highly expressed; the salicylic acid (SA) and Ca2+ signal transductions were enhanced in wsl. Both the chlorophyll contents and the photosynthesis rate were lower in wsl. The contents of SA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly higher, and the leaf rust resistance was enhanced in wsl. Based on the experimental data, a primary molecular regulatory model for leaf development in wsl was established. The results indicated that the SA accumulation and enhanced Ca2+ signaling led to programmed cell death (PCD), and ultimately resulted in spontaneous leaf necrosis of wsl. These results laid a solid foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of leaf development in wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]