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The achievable performance of conventional repetitive control (CRC) is constrained by the error amplification at the non-harmonic frequencies, the intrinsic sensitivity to the signal period shift and the limited tracking frequency range under fixed sampling rate. To remedy these undesirable behaviors, a notch-filter-based repetitive control (NF-RC) is proposed based on the spectrum-selection filtering scheme in this paper with application to fast tool servos (FTSs). The loop-shaping property of this NF-RC can be flexibly designed by the cascade of a series of parameterized IIR notch filters without the aforementioned limitations of the CRC, so as to provide a unified formula for various RCs and even resonant control schemes. A general realization along with several simplified versions of the IIR notch filter is derived for the digital implementation of the NF-RC. Comparative trajectory tracking experiments on a self-developed FTS have validated the superiorities of the proposed NF-RC in terms of the performance improvement for periodic reference tracking, the robustness against the signal period variations and the trackable frequency range under fixed sampling rate. Taking advantage of an excellent comprehensive performances of the NF-RC scheme, the radial sinusoidal surface and the water-drop surface were successfully produced with high form precision and excellent surface quality after the FTS-based diamond turning. • A novel notch-filter-based repetitive control (RC) scheme is proposed. • This RC scheme can suppress the nonperiodic errors amplification. • This RC scheme can maintain the robustness against the signal frequency fluctuation. • This RC scheme can track any harmonic references under a fixed sampling rate. • This RC scheme provides a unified design framework for various existing RCs. • Two high-accuracy micro-structured surfaces are fabricated with this RC scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of spray drying (SD), spray freeze‐drying (SFD), freeze‐drying (FD), and microwave freeze‐drying (MFD) on the characteristics of fish oil (FO) microcapsules. The physicochemical properties, morphology, fatty acid composition, and stability of the microcapsules were analyzed. The encapsulation efficiencies of microcapsules dried by SD, SFD, FD, and MFD were 86.98%, 77.79%, 63.29%, and 57.89%, respectively. SD microcapsules exhibited superior properties in terms of effective loading capacity, color, and flowability. Conversely, SFD microcapsules demonstrated improved solubility. Microencapsulation positively affected the thermal stability of FO, but the content of unsaturated fatty acids decreased. The findings from the storage experiment indicated that the oxidative stability of SD fish oil microcapsules was marginally lower compared to microcapsules produced through three alternative drying techniques, all of which were based on the FD concept. The comparison of various drying methods and their effects on the quality of FO microcapsules offers valuable insights that can serve as a foundation for the industrial production of high‐quality microcapsules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Full spectrum white LED plant growth light sources are suitable for use in conditions requiring a high color rendering index. In addition to red and blue light, green light was shown to have a positive impact on plant growth in earlier studies. In this work, a series of Sm3+ doped ZnWO 4 phosphors was prepared using the high-temperature solid-state reaction method. Li+ serves as a charge compensator to reduce lattice defects caused by non-equivalent isomorphism. XRD measurements and Rietveld refinement were used to investigate the phase composition and structural properties of the samples. The luminescent properties of the samples were tested using a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The Li + introduction can significantly improve the energy transfer from the matrix to Sm3+ and the luminescence intensity of Sm 3+ . In addition, this phenomenon was explained with non-equivalent isomorphism and the charge density difference diagram. The LED lamp was prepared using ZnWO 4 : 0.004Sm3+, 0.004Li + phosphor and LED chip. The emitted full spectrum light can match well with the absorption spectrum of plant pigments. The color rendering index of the LED lamp is greater than 91. And the comparative experiment of plant cultivation shows that the prepared LED plant lamp has good effects. The dependence of luminescence properties of ZnWO 4 : 0.004Sm3+, 0.004Li+ phosphor on temperature was determined. Based on fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technology, the maximum S aMAX and S rMAX are 52 % K−1 at 453 K and 9.31 % K−1 at 303 K, respectively. As the temperature increases, the chromaticity shift (Δ s) value is 0.254. The benefits of the ZnWO 4 : 0.004Sm3+, 0.004Li+ phosphor are the straightforward synthesis process, low cost, pure phase, full spectrum, high color rendering index, tunable red-to-blue ratio, and temperature monitoring function. Therefore, this phosphor is an ideal material in plant growth and optical temperature measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusions Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) has been a major challenge in infertility treatment. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of progestin‐primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) regimen and antagonist regimen in infertile patients aged 35 years or older with DOR.A retrospective study of 289 in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles from April 2016 to June 2022 was performed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the baseline characteristics between the two groups at a ratio of 1:1.After matching, there were 87 cycles in the PPOS group and 87 cycles in the antagonist group. The primary outcome measures included the incidence of premature LH surge, the number of retrieved oocytes, and the number of mature oocytes, which were comparable between the two groups (all P values >0.05). There were no significant differences in laboratory indicators and final clinical outcomes between the two groups (all P values >0.05).For DOR patients aged 35 years or older, the number of retrieved oocytes and the number of mature oocytes were comparable between the PPOS and antagonist groups. Moreover, the two regimens showed no difference in the inhibition of premature LH surge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the research methodology of applying the Transformer model algorithm to Chinese word sense disambiguation, seeking to resolve word sense ambiguity in the Chinese language. The study introduces deep learning and designs a Chinese word sense disambiguation model based on the fusion of the Transformer with the Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) algorithm. By utilizing the self-attention mechanism of Transformer and the sequence modeling capability of BiLSTM, this model efficiently captures semantic information and context relationships in Chinese sentences, leading to accurate word sense disambiguation. The model's evaluation is conducted using the PKU Paraphrase Bank, a Chinese text paraphrase dataset. The results demonstrate that the model achieves a precision rate of 83.71% in Chinese word sense disambiguation, significantly outperforming the Long Short-Term Memory algorithm. Additionally, the root mean squared error of this algorithm is less than 17, with a loss function value remaining around 0.14. Thus, this study validates that the constructed Transformer-fused BiLSTM-based Chinese word sense disambiguation model algorithm exhibits both high accuracy and robustness in identifying word senses in the Chinese language. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for advancing the intelligent development of word senses in Chinese language applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The edible rose (Rosa Crimson Glory) petals were dried using infrared‐assisted spouted bed drying technology. The effects of different drying temperature conditions (30, 35, 40, 45, and 50°C, as well as stepped heating drying [SHD] and stepped cooling drying) on the drying characteristics, physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, and changes in volatile flavor compounds of the rose petals were investigated. The results showed that the drying time was shortened with increasing drying temperature. Both variable temperature drying processes gave the shortest drying times. Optimal color retention of rose petals was achieved at a constant temperature of 40°C and SHD. Increased drying temperature resulted in higher water‐soluble polysaccharide content in the dried rose petals, whereas lower temperatures facilitated anthocyanin preservation. The variable temperature drying processes favored the retention of water‐soluble polysaccharides in rose petals, but not anthocyanins. Regarding antioxidant capacity, the samples dried at 40°C and those subjected to the two variable temperature drying processes performed better. This study also analyzed the differences in volatile flavor compounds of rose petals dried under different drying conditions. It was found that the majority of volatile flavor compounds in the rose petals dried by SHD exhibited higher content levels than the other drying conditions. Therefore, considering a thorough evaluation of all relevant factors, it was clear that utilizing the SHD process was the most efficient method for obtaining the best quality rose petals overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies data‐driven distributed fault diagnosis for large‐scale systems using sensor networks. To be specific, a distributed fault detection scheme based on correlation analysis is first proposed to improve the fault detection performance by minimizing the impact of noise‐induced uncertainty. The core of the method is to implement the correlation of the coupled nodes to reduce the covariance of the residual signal in a distributed manner. Then, a fault localization approach is developed to locate the fault by measuring and comparing the degree of abnormality. A case study on Tennessee Eastman process is given in the end to demonstrate the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large display interaction has undergone considerable growth, whereas distant pointing poses challenges due to distance limitations and input devices. Smart devices with superior computing power and rich input capabilities aim to surmount these restrictions. However, pointing interactions in single-layer have limited accuracy in large display scenarios. We investigate a hierarchical pointing approach that couples multiple control modes of rotation attitude, touch operation, and pressure simulation with different cursor strategies. Specifically, it covers the dual-layer cursor with the hierarchical structure, the pressure-dependent multistage gain cursor, and the cursor projection technique based on the target acquisition mechanism. We contrast seven distant pointing techniques in two groups of experiments. Our results indicate that the hierarchical interaction strategy improves user performance, and cursor projection achieves an optimal trade-off between velocity and accuracy for high Fitts' index of difficulty (ID) contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • PCL-EO@SF-BAs membrane is developed for food freshness monitoring and retaining. • BAs endow the membrane colorimetric response and antioxidant activity. • Antibacterial activity of the membrane is from the control released EO. • Directional water transport is generated from the bilayer asymmetric wettability. • Synergistic effect of directional water transport occurs on food shelf-life extending. Currently, designing smart membranes with multifunctional effectiveness is crucial to food freshness monitoring and retention. Herein, an active colorimetric Janus bilayer membrane with directional water transport (DWT) performance is constructed by electrospinning, which comprises a hydrophilic layer of silk fibroin-bayberry anthocyanins (SF-BAs) and a hydrophobic layer of polycaprolactone-eucalyptus oil (PCL-EO). The entities of BAs and EO are well dispersed in the fiber matrix by hydrogen bonds and physical interactions, respectively. BAs endow the membrane colorimetric response and antioxidant activity, and EO contributes to the antibacterial activity while DWT performance is generated from the asymmetric wettability of the two layers. The bilayer membrane has an accumulative one-way transport index of 1077%, an overall moisture management capacity of 0.76 and a water evaporation rate of 0.48 g h−1. Moreover, the release of BAs and EO was predominantly controlled by Fickian diffusion. As a pH-sensing indicator, PCL-EO@SF-BAs is highly sensitive to external pH stimuli and the response is reversible. In addition to freshness monitoring, PCL-EO@SF-BAs can extend the shelf-life of pork beyond 100% at 4 °C. Also, it can extend the shelf life of shrimp by approximately 70% at 25 °C with the synergistic effect of antibacterial activity and the DWT performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type XXVIII collagen (COL28) is involved in cancer and lung fibrosis. COL28 polymorphisms and mutations might be involved in kidney fibrosis, but the exact role of COL28 in renal fibrosis is unknown. This study explored the function of COL28 in renal tubular cells by examining the expression of COL28 mRNA and the effects of COL28 overexpression in human tubular cells. COL28 mRNA expression and localization were observed in normal and fibrotic kidney tissues from humans and mice using real-time PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. The consequences of COL28 overexpression on cell proliferation, migration, cell polarity, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by TGF-β1 were examined in human tubular HK-2 cells. COL28 expression was low in human normal renal tissues, mainly observed in the renal tubular epithelial cells and especially in proximal renal tubules. COL28 protein expression in human and mouse obstructive kidney disease was higher than in normal tissues (p < 0.05) and more significant in the UUO2-Week than the UUO1-Week group. The overexpression of COL28 promoted HK-2 cell proliferation and enhanced their migration ability (all p < 0.05). TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) induced COL28 mRNA expression in HK-2 cells, decreased E-cadherin and increased α-SMA in the COL28-overexpression group compared with controls (p < 0.05). ZO-1 expression decreased while COL6 increased in the COL28-overexpression group compared with controls (p < 0.05). In conclusion, COL28 overexpression promotes the migration and proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells. The EMT could also be involved. COL28 could be a therapeutic target against renal- fibrotic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) is gradually becoming the dominant nosocomial pathogens in the healthcare setting. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients with CR-KP from July 2021 to May 2022 in a teaching hospital. We identified bacterial isolates, collected the clinical data, and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing, hypermucoviscosity string test, antimicrobial and virulence-associated genotype, as well as multi-locus sequence typing. CR-hvKP was defined as the presence of some combination of rmpA and/or rmpA2 with iucA, iroB, or peg-344. SPSS was used for data analysis. Univariate logistic regression analyses were used for risk factor and all statistically significant variables were included in the multivariate model. Statistical significance was taken to be P < 0.05. Results: A total of 69 non-duplicated CR-KP isolates were collected, 27 of which were CR-hvKP. Out of the 69 CR-KP strains under investigation, they were distributed across 14 distinct sequence types (STs), wherein ST11 exhibited the highest prevalence, constituting 65.2% (45/69) of the overall isolates. The principal carbapenemase genes identified encompassed blakpc−2, blaNDM−1, and blaOXA−48, with blakpc−2 prevailing as the predominant type, accounting for 73.9% (51/69). A total of 69 CR-KP strains showed high resistance to common clinical antibiotics, with the exception of ceftazidime/avibactam. The ST11 (P = 0.040), ST65 (P = 0.030) and blakpc−2 ST11 clones (P = 0.010) were found to be highly related to hvKp. Regarding the host, tracheal intubation (P = 0.008), intracranial infection (P = 0.020) and neutrophil count (P = 0.049) were significantly higher in the patients with CR-hvKP. Multivariate analysis showed tracheal intubation to be an independent risk factor for CR-hvKP infection (P = 0.030, OR = 4.131). According to the clinical data we collected, tracheal intubation was performed mainly in the elderly with severe underlying diseases, which implied that CR-hvKP has become prevalent among elderly patients with comorbidities. Conclusions: The prevalence of CR-hvKP may be higher than expected in the healthcare setting. CR-hvKP is gradually becoming the dominant nosocomial pathogen, and its prevalence and treatment will be a major challenge. It is essential to enhance clinical awareness and management of CR-hvKP infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sustainable future depends on increasing agricultural carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sequestration. Winter rapeseeds are facing severe yield loss after waterlogging due to the effects of extreme rainfall, especially in the seedling stage, where rainfall is most sensitive. Uncertainty exists over the farming greenhouse gas (GHG) release of rapeseed seedlings following the onset of waterlogging. The effect of waterlogging on GHG release and leaf gas exchange in winter rapeseed was examined in a pot experiment. The experiment included waterlogging treatments lasting 7-day and 21-day and normal irrigation as a control treatment. According to our findings, (1) The ecosystem of rapeseed seedlings released methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in a clear up change that was impacted by ongoing waterlogging. Among them, N2O release had a transient rise during the early stages under the effect of seedling fertilizer. (2) The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, plant height, soil moisture, and soil oxidation–reduction potential of rapeseed all significantly decreased due to the ongoing waterlogging. However, rapeseed leaves showed a significant increase in intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and leaf chlorophyll content values after waterlogging. Additionally, the findings demonstrated an extremely significant increase in the sustained-flux global warming potential of the sum CO2-eq of CH4 and N2O throughout the entire waterlogging stress period. Therefore, continuous waterlogging can increase C and N release from rapeseed seedlings ecosystem and decrease yield. Therefore, we suggest increasing drainage techniques to decrease the release of agricultural GHGs and promote sustainable crop production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As an extension of electron tomography (ET), serial section electron tomography (serial section ET) aims to align the tomographic images of multiple thick tissue sections together, to break through the volume limitation of the single section and preserve the sub-nanoscale voxel size. It could be applied to reconstruct the intact synapse, which expands about one micrometer and contains nanoscale vesicles. However, there are several drawbacks of the existing serial section ET methods. First, locating and imaging regions of interest (ROIs) in serial sections during the shooting process is time-consuming. Second, the alignment of ET volumes is difficult due to the missing information caused by section cutting and imaging. Here we report a workflow to simplify the acquisition of ROIs in serial sections, automatically align the volume of serial section ET, and semi-automatically reconstruct the target synaptic structure. Results: We propose an intelligent workflow to reconstruct the intact synapse with sub-nanometer voxel size. Our workflow includes rapid localization of ROIs in serial sections, automatic alignment, restoration, assembly of serial ET volumes, and semi-automatic target structure segmentation. For the localization and acquisition of ROIs in serial sections, we use affine transformations to calculate their approximate position based on their relative location in orderly placed sections. For the alignment of consecutive ET volumes with significantly distinct appearances, we use multi-scale image feature matching and the elastic with belief propagation (BP-Elastic) algorithm to align them from coarse to fine. For the restoration of the missing information in ET, we first estimate the number of lost images based on the pixel changes of adjacent volumes after alignment. Then, we present a missing information generation network that is appropriate for small-sample of ET volume using pre-training interpolation network and distillation learning. And we use it to generate the missing information to achieve the whole volume reconstruction. For the reconstruction of synaptic ultrastructures, we use a 3D neural network to obtain them quickly. In summary, our workflow can quickly locate and acquire ROIs in serial sections, automatically align, restore, assemble serial sections, and obtain the complete segmentation result of the target structure with minimal manual manipulation. Multiple intact synapses in wild-type rat were reconstructed at a voxel size of 0.664 nm/voxel to demonstrate the effectiveness of our workflow. Conclusions: Our workflow contributes to obtaining intact synaptic structures at the sub-nanometer scale through serial section ET, which contains rapid ROI locating, automatic alignment, volume reconstruction, and semi-automatic synapse reconstruction. We have open-sourced the relevant code in our workflow, so it is easy to apply it to other labs and obtain complete 3D ultrastructures which size is similar to intact synapses with sub-nanometer voxel size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to compare the diagnostic performance and biodistribution of two similar PET agents, [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, in the same group of primary prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Methods: Fifty patients with untreated, histologically confirmed PCa by needle biopsy were enrolled. Each patient underwent [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT within a week. In addition to visual analysis, the standardized uptake value (SUV) was measured for semiquantitative comparison and correlation analysis. Results: [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 PET/CT detected more positive tumors than [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT (202 vs. 190, P = 0.002), both for intraprostatic lesions (48 vs. 41, P = 0.016) and metastatic lesions (154 vs. 149, P = 0.125), especially for intraprostatic lesions in low- and intermediate-risk PCa patients (21/23 vs. 15/23, P = 0.031). Furthermore, [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 PET/CT exhibited a significantly higher SUVmax for most matched tumors (13.7 ± 10.2 vs. 11.4 ± 8.3, P < 0.001). For normal organs, [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 PET/CT showed significantly lower activity in the kidney (SUVmean: 20.1 ± 6.1 vs. 29.3 ± 9.1, P < 0.001) and urinary bladder (SUVmean: 6.5 ± 7.1 vs. 20.9 ± 17.4, P < 0.001), but displayed a higher uptake in the parotid gland (SUVmean: 8.7 ± 2.6 vs. 7.6 ± 2.1, P < 0.001), liver (SUVmean: 7.0 ± 1.9 vs. 3.7 ± 1.3, P < 0.001), and spleen (SUVmean: 8.2 ± 3.0 vs. 5.2 ± 2.2, P < 0.001) than [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. Conclusion: [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 PET/CT demonstrated higher tumor uptake and better tumor detectability than [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, especially in low- and intermediate-risk PCa patients, which indicated that [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 may serve as an alternative agent for detection of PCa. Trial registration: 68Ga-P16-093 and 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT Imaging in the Same Group of Primary Prostate Cancer Patients (NCT05324332, Registered 12 April 2022, retrospectively registered). URL of registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05324332. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the stability and solubility of Cornus officinalis flavonoid (COF), spray drying (SD), freeze‐drying (FD), and microwave freeze drying (MFD) were used to encapsulate COF using whey isolate protein (WPI) and gum arabic as wall materials. The characterization of COF microparticles was performed with encapsulation efficiency (EE), particle size, morphology, antioxidant activity, structure, thermal stability, color, stability during storage, and in vitro solubility. The results showed that COF was successfully encapsulated in the wall material with an EE between 78.86% and 91.11%. The freeze‐dried microparticles had the highest EE (91.11%) and the lowest particle size (12.42 ± 16.73 µm). However, the particle size of COF microparticles of SD and MFD was relatively large. The 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity of the microparticles obtained from SD (89.36 mg Vc/g) was higher than that of MFD (85.67 mg Vc/g), but the drying time and energy consumption of microparticles dried by SD and MFD were lower than those of FD. Furthermore, the spray‐dried COF microparticles had higher stability compared to FD and MFD when stored at 4°C for 30 days. In addition, the dissolution of COF microparticles prepared by SD and MFD was 55.64% and 57.35%, respectively, in simulated intestinal fluids, which was lower than that of FD (64.47%). Therefore, the application of microencapsulation technology showed significant advantages in improving the stability and solubility of COF, and the SD can be used for the preparation of microparticles considering energy cost and quality. Practical Application: COF is an important bioactive ingredient, but its poor stability and water solubility decreases its pharmacological value. COF microparticles can improve the stability of COF, enhance the slow‐release effect, and expand its application in the food field. The drying method will affect the properties of COF microparticles. Thus, the structures and properties analysis of COF microparticles by different drying methods can provide a reference basis for the preparation and application of COF microparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose : This pilot study was prospectively designed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic value of PET/CT using a PSMA-specific tracer [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 and a glucose metabolism probe 2-[18F]FDG in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. Methods: Forty-two pathologically confirmed ccRCC patients were included. Within 1 week, each patient underwent [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 and 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT. In addition to visual analysis of tumor number, the standardized uptake value (SUV) was measured for semiquantitative comparison and correlation analysis. Results: For primary ccRCC patients, [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 PET/CT demonstrated a significantly higher detection rate (19/22 vs. 13/22, P = 0.031) and higher tumor uptake (15.7 ± 9.0 vs. 5.1 ± 3.4, P < 0.001) than 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT. In addition, the SUVmax of the primary tumor on [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 and 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT was significantly correlated with pT stage (for [68Ga]Ga-P16-093, r = 0.550, P = 0.008; for 2-[18F]FDG, r = 0.514, P = 0.014) and WHO/ISUP grade (for [68Ga]Ga-P16-093, r = 0.566, P = 0.006; for 2-[18F]FDG, r = 0.492, P = 0.020), respectively. For metastatic ccRCC patients, [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 PET/CT also demonstrated a better detection rate (21/22 vs. 14/22, P = 0.008) and higher tumor uptake (11.0 ± 6.4 vs. 4.4 ± 2.7, P < 0.001) than 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT. The SUVmax on [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 PET/CT had a significant association with PSMA expression in primary ccRCC (r = 0.776, P < 0.001) and metastatic ccRCC (r = 0.626, P = 0.029). Conclusions: [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 PET/CT demonstrates significantly better tumor detectability than 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT for ccRCC patients. Trial registration: 68Ga-P16-093 and 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in the Same Group of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients (NCT05432947, Registered 27 June 2021, retrospectively registered) URL of registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05432947. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pt nanoparticles and a CeMnOx composite were loaded on the surface of the natural diatomite material to generate the Pt/CeMnOx/diatomite using the redox precipitation and impregnation methods. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by means of various techniques. The catalytic properties and resistance to H2O and SO2 of the catalysts were measured for the oxidation of typical volatile organic compounds (i.e., toluene and ethyl acetate). Among all of the as-prepared samples, Pt/CeMnOx/diatomite exhibited the highest catalytic activity: the temperatures (T90%) at a toluene or ethyl acetate conversion of 90% were 230 and 210 °C at a space velocity (SV) of 20,000 mL g−1 h−1, respectively, and the turnover frequency (TOFPt) at 220 °C was 1.04 μmol/(gcat s) for ethyl acetate oxidation and 1.56 μmol/(gcat s) for toluene oxidation. In particular, this sample showed a superior catalytic activity for ethyl acetate oxidation at low temperatures, with its T50% being 185 °C at SV = 20,000 mL g−1 h−1. In addition, the Pt/CeMnOx/diatomite sample possessed good sulfur dioxide resistance during the toluene oxidation process. In the presence of SO2, some of the SO2 molecules were adsorbed on diatomite, which protected the active sites from being poisoned by SO2 to a certain extent. The pathways of ethyl acetate and toluene oxidation over Pt/CeMnOx/diatomite or Pt/CeMnOx were as follows: The C–C and C–O bonds in ethyl acetate are first broken to form the CH3CH2O* and CH3CO* species or toluene is first oxidized to benzaldehyde and benzoic acid, and all of these intermediates are then converted to CO2 and H2O. This work can provide a strategy to develop efficient catalysts with high catalytic activity, durability, low cost, and easy availability under actual working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infrared‐assisted spouted bed drying (IRSBD) is an innovative hybrid drying technology based on infrared drying and spouted bed drying, which has the advantages of higher drying efficiency and better uniformity. Temperature is an important process parameter that affects drying characteristics and product quality. Considering the overall quality of the product, drying at a constant temperature may not be the best solution. However, there is a lack of research on dynamically varying drying schemes. In this study, the effects of constant and variable temperature drying processes on the drying characteristics, uniformity, energy consumption, and quality of Chinese yams were evaluated. Results: The shortest drying time and lowest energy consumption were obtained by IRSBD at 70 °C, followed by staged rising temperature drying (SRTD). However, SRTD achieved the best drying uniformity. The Peleg model could describe the dehydration kinetics of dried yams well (R2 > 0.99). A high drying temperature (70 °C) favored the preservation of bioactive compounds (polyphenols and flavonoids) and gave the best antioxidant activity and equilibrium rehydration ratio of dried yams but resulted in poor color. Samples dried with SRTD showed comparable good antioxidant activity and better color than those dried at 70 °C. Conclusion: A reasonable variable temperature drying scheme using IRSBD is considered to be better when considering the drying performance and overall quality of the products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) phage phiYY is able to kill a pyomelanin‐producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain, which was isolated from a 40‐year‐old man with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and chronic lung infection. Phage therapy was used as a last resort for this patient. The three‐course nebulized phiYY treatment was used to reduce the bacterial burden and clinical symptoms of the patient. Recurrences of P. aeruginosa infections were observed 1–3 days post phage therapy. The recurrent isolates exhibited distinct antibiotic‐susceptibility profiles compared with the original strain yet were still susceptible to phiYY. This assay represents the application of dsRNA phage in the treatment of chronic lung infection, albeit the safety and efficacy of the dsRNA phage require further assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates whether using My Math Academy, which provides personalized content and adaptive embedded assessments to support existing curricula, can improve learning outcomes and engagement for kindergarten and first grade students (N = 505 treatment, 481 control). Findings indicate that students using My Math Academy made significant learning gains in math relative to children who did not. More skills mastered in My Math Academy was associated with greater learning gains on the external assessment, with the greatest impacts among students with lower levels of math knowledge, where there was more room for growth and on the most difficult skills. Teachers surveyed found My Math Academy easy to use in their classrooms and recognized it as a valuable learning resource that supplemented their existing curricula to improve students' engagement, motivation, and confidence in learning math. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differential code bias (DCB) is one of the Global Positioning System (GPS) errors, which typically affects the calculation of total electron content (TEC) and ionospheric modeling. In the past, DCB was normally estimated as a constant in 1 d, while DCB of a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite GPS receiver may have large variations within 1 d due to complex space environments and highly dynamic orbit conditions. In this study, daily and hourly DCBs of Meteorological Operational (MetOp) satellites' GPS receivers are calculated and evaluated using the spherical harmonic function (SHF) and the local spherical symmetry (LSS) assumption. The results demonstrated that both approaches could obtain accurate and consistent DCB values. The estimated daily DCB standard deviation (SD) is within 0.1 ns in accordance with the LSS assumption, and it is numerically less than the standard deviation of the reference value provided by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC). The average error's absolute value is within 0.2 ns with respect to the provided DCB reference value. As for the SHF method, the DCB's standard deviation is within 0.1 ns , which is also less than the standard deviation of the CDAAC reference value. The average error of the absolute value is within 0.2 ns. The estimated hourly DCB with LSS assumptions suggested that calculated results of MetOpA, MetOpB, and MetOpC are, respectively, 0.5 to 3.1 ns , - 1.1 to 1.5 ns , and - 1.3 to 0.7 ns. The root mean square error (RMSE) is less than 1.2 ns , and the SD is under 0.6 ns. According to the SHF method, the results of MetOpA, MetOpB, and MetOpC are 1 to 2.7 ns , - 1 to 1 ns , and - 1.3 to 0.6 ns , respectively. The RMSE is under 1.3 ns and the SD is less than 0.5 ns. The SD for solar active days is less than 0.43, 0.49, and 0.44 ns , respectively, with the LSS assumption, and the appropriate fluctuation ranges are 2.0, 2.2, and 2.2 ns. The variation ranges for the SHF method are 1.5, 1.2, and 1.2 ns , respectively, while the SD is under 0.28, 0.35, and 0.29 ns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to accurately determine the degradation performance of polyolefin-based degradable plastics, the concept of bioassimilated carbon is proposed for the first time in this paper; the bioactive and hydrophilic organic carbon in plastic degradation products is defined as bioassimilation carbon. A method for the detection of the carbonyl index and bioassimilated carbon conversion rate in polyolefin degradable plastics was developed to quickly identify its degradation performance. The measurement results show that the bioassimilated carbon conversion rate of more than 70% can be used to replace the biodegradation rate index to achieve the purpose of quickly identifying the degradation performance of plastics. The deterioration detection cycle proposed by the current common standards implemented in American Society of Testing Materials: ASTM D6400 "Specification for Composting Plastics" can be shortened from 1 year to 1 month. The standard system for catalytic degradation of plastics provides detection methods for polyolefin-based catalytic degradation materials (microplastics), and solves the problems of long detection cycle and poor detection efficiency. Thus, this method has promise for use as a relevant standard method for accurately providing a reference for the assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium and its alloys are one of the mainstream materials for the manufacture of intervertebral cages. With the application on clinical, the problems of elastic modulus is relatively high, subsidence of adjacent vertebral implants and stress shielding after surgery have gradually exposed. In this paper, metal rubber made from titanium alloy wire was used to prepare cervical fusion cage (CFC), which was a porous material with buffering and vibration damping properties. The C5/C6 segment of the goat cervical vertebra was used as the research object. The shape parameters of the CFC were determined by combining the three-dimensional model data of the cervical vertebra and the structural characteristics of the natural intervertebral disc. The force of CFC under different working conditions were simulated and analyzed by finite element simulation. Then three kinds of metal rubber core (MRC) were prepared by medical titanium alloy wire (TC4), and their mechanical properties and fatigue strength were experimentally studied. With the increases of density, the mechanical properties of MRC improved. The variation range of the loss factor η under different amplitudes and frequencies were 20% and 16.3%, respectively. After one million vibrations, the wear rate was 0.131 g/MC; after five million vibrations, the wear rate was 0.158 g/MC, which was similar to the existing clinical prosthesis wear rate. The MRC has sufficient mechanical strength. Compared with the existing clinical prostheses, it has a longer service life and has broad application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rabbit hair is an excellent textile fiber owing to its softness and luster. However, the poor spinnability of rabbit hair restricts its application on textiles. In this article, ionic liquid (IL) solutions were used to treat rabbit hair at five different temperatures. The raw and treated rabbit hair was then characterized by microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), mechanical property, XRD, and properties related to spininability (crimp and friction property, moisture regain, and electrical performance). The results showed that the rabbit hair fiber's morphology was obviously curled, and mechanical properties and crystallinity were reduced after ILs treatment. Moreover, the friction performance was increased by 15% and the crimp rate was increased by 7.2 times. These results suggest that with proper temperatures of ILs treatment, the rabbit hair could show better potential for spinning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A practical catalyst-free decarboxylative radical nitrosation reaction of β-keto acids with tert-butyl nitrite in water was developed. The strategy involving radicals worked well under relatively mild conditions. This protocol presented an efficient route for the construction of various aromatic and aliphatic α-oximino ketones with different electronic and steric properties in good to excellent yields (up to 95%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapeutic protein preparations are usually stored in a solid state to reduce the physical and chemical degradation by removing most of the solvent (mostly water) in liquid protein preparations, improving stability and maintaining biological activity. Freeze-drying (FD) is a common method to produce the dehydrated therapeutic protein. However, various induced stresses exist in the processing steps involved in FD, such as freezing process, primary drying, and secondary drying, may cause protein instability. To overcome this problem, two means are often employed: adding stabilizers to protect proteins from physical damage associated with the FD process; optimizing parameter conditions during the FD process to reduce protein degeneration. Therefore, a deep understanding of the protein preparation formula composition and FD process parameters is crucial for the development of stable therapeutic protein products. This study reviewed the stabilization mechanisms of protein during FD, focused on the factors that induce protein instability, and discussed the relationship between protein structure changes and instability, expected to provide references for solving the instability during protein freeze-drying and storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neobavaisoflavone is an important isoflavone component isolated from Psoraleae Fructus. It is used extensively worldwide because of its antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-osteoporotic activities. However, there is no systematic and comprehensive research on the metabolism of neobavaisoflavone in vivo and in vitro. The study aimed to analyze the metabolic characteristics and mechanism of neobavaisoflavone for the first time. Firstly, biological samples were pretreated by the solid-phase extraction (SPE) method, methanol precipitation, and acetonitrile precipitation. Secondly, the samples were analyzed on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Plus Orbitrap MS. Thirdly, metabolites were tentatively identified based on retention time, parallel reaction monitoring strategy, diagnostic product ions, and neutral loss fragments. A total of 72 metabolites of neobavaisoflavone were tentatively identified, including 28 in plasma, 43 in urine, 18 in feces, six in the liver, and four in the liver microsome. The results suggested that neobavaisoflavone mainly underwent glucuronidation, sulfation, hydroxylation, methylation, cyclization, hydration, and their composite reactions in vivo and in vitro. In addition, nine active components with high bioavailability and 191 corresponding targets were predicted by the Swiss Drug Design database. The 1806 items of GO and 183 KEGG signaling pathways were enriched. These results showed that metabolites expanded the potential effects of neobavaisoflavone. The present study would provide the scientific basis for the further exploitation and application of neobavaisoflavone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multiphase microwave drying (MMD) was proposed to produce dried Chinese yam cubes with good quality comparable to freeze-dried products. The effects of different microwave power loading schemes on the conversion point (water phase in samples changes from solid-to-gas to liquid-to-gas) of MMD were assessed, and the macroscopic physical properties and microstructure characteristics of dried yams were investigated. Results showed that with an increase of microwave power, the time required to reach the conversion point was reduced. And the moisture content at the conversion point as affected by microwave power loading schemes had vital influence on sample quality. When it was 0.378 g·g−1, the properties of the yam cubes resembled those of freeze-dried samples in terms of rehydration, texture, and microstructure. Furthermore, a fractal theory-based microstructure characterization can accurately reflect texture characteristics. MMD has the potential to produce high quality products that matched to freeze-dried ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the lightly damped resonance and intrinsic nonlinearities, it is difficult for the piezoactuated nanopositioning stage to realize high-bandwidth and high-accuracy control. To handle these limitations, in this work, a dual-loop control scheme based on state-feedback-based modal method is designed to both actively damp and stiffen the resonant mode and to suppress the effects of nonlinearities of the piezoactuated nanopositioning stage. In this scheme, the state-feedback-based modal controller is first designed in the inner loop to enlarge both the damping ratio and natural frequency of the first resonant mode. Then, a proportional–integral (PI) controller is utilized in the outer loop for eliminating the tracking errors caused by other disturbances and nonlinearities including hysteresis and creep. To maximize the control bandwidth of system under the proposed dual-loop scheme, an optimization method is thus proposed for simultaneously tuning the parameters of the inner and the outer loop controllers. Finally, to validate the proposed dual-loop control scheme, comparative experiments are carried out on a piezoactuated nanopositioning stage. Results demonstrate that the proposed control scheme improves the bandwidth of the system from 497 Hz (with PI control) and 1543 Hz (with a commonly used positive acceleration, velocity, and position damping control and a PI controller) to 6546 Hz, which is 664 Hz larger than the first resonant frequency of the original system, validating the effectiveness of the proposed dual-loop scheme on high-bandwidth control. Note to Practitioners—The demand of high-bandwidth and high-accuracy piezoactuated nanopositioning stages increases rapidly. However, the lightly damped resonance of the mechanism and the intrinsic nonlinearities of the piezoelectric actuator limit the tracking performance of the stage. A dual-loop control structure is adopted in this work to improve the tracking performance of the nanopositioning stage. Different from most of the vibration control methods proposed in the literature which aimed only at improving the damping ratio, a state-feedback-based modal controller is designed in the inner-loop for improving both the damping ratio and the stiffness of the system. This task is realized by re-placing the resonant poles of the system to the optimized location. The outer-loop controller adopts the high-gain PI control for eliminating the tracking errors. More importantly, in order to realize the high-bandwidth and high-accuracy control, a numerical optimization method is proposed for simultaneously tuning the parameters of the controllers in inner and outer loops. The controller design is simple, and it can be applied to other systems with second or higher order in which the first resonant mode dominates the system dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of 1‐thiotrehaloses and thioglycals by a directed copper‐catalyzed dehydrogenative C−H thiolation of the pseudo‐anomeric bond of glycals is described. The use of aminoquinoline‐containing glycals as well as thiosugars or thiols as coupling partners led to the synthesis of a library of thioglycosides in moderate to good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avian astroviruses, including chicken astrovirus (CAstV), avian nephritisvirus (ANV), and goose astrovirus (GoAstV), are ubiquitous enteric RNA viruses associated with enteric disorders in avian species. Recent research has found that infection of these astroviruses usually cause visceral gout in chicken, duckling and gosling. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In the current article, we review recent discoveries of genetic diversity and variation of these astroviruses, as well as pathogenesis after astrovirus infection. In addition, we discuss the relation between avian astrovirus infection and visceral gout in poultry. Our aim is to review recent discoveries about the prevention and control of the consequential visceral gout diseases in poultry, along with the attempt to reveal the possible producing process of visceral gout diseases in poultry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Antimicrobial PDI pH-responsive film is developed via a facile casting method. • Incorporation of AE improves film mechanical strength, barrier and hydrophobicity. • Release of AE from matrix is pH-responsive and well controlled. • AE endows the film with PDI activity and antimicrobial activity. • Target film can effectively thwart Botrytis cinerea infection on cherry tomatoes. Using novel active food packaging has gradually become a daily necessity in terms of impeding microbial contamination. Here, an antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (PDI) pH-responsive film is developed by incorporating aloe-emodin (AE) into a vehicle of gelatin/chitosan (GC). Besides enhancement in hydrophobicity, the well-dispersed crystals of AE in the GC matrix by hydrogen bonding can upgrade the film's mechanical strength and barrier. The matrix is capable of regulating the release of AE in response to acidic stimuli by a combination mechanism of diffusion and polymer relaxation. Being benefitted from the inherent bioactivity of AE and the PDI activity under visible light irradiation (i.e., 456 nm), the target film of GC-AE2 has excellent antibacterial effect towards Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , showing bacterial viability of 9.93 ± 1.33 % and 14.85 ± 1.16 %, respectively. Furthermore, the film can effectively thwart Botrytis cinerea infection in cherry tomatoes, demonstrating its potential in preventing the microbial spoilage of postharvest fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geomagnetic storms frequently affect satellite navigation, communication and satellite orbits. Monitoring and understanding the ionospheric disturbances and responses to geomagnetic storms are crucial. The detailed ionospheric responses and physical mechanisms to various geomagnetic storms, however, have not yet been extensively studied. In this paper, the ionospheric variation behaviors and features following the April 2023 magnetic storm along the Asian sector are thoroughly studied using multi-instrument observation data, including the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), ionosonde, and other satellites. Large-scale Traveling Ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) are observed from BeiDou Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites, GPS and GLONASS. LSTIDs traveled with a speed of 760–1300 m/s from high latitude region to low latitude region with a period of about 40 min. The equatorial propagating LSTIDs were generated by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which occurred in April 2023 with periodic energy input from the auroral area. The poleward LSTIDs are also observed with a velocity of approximately 600–750 m/s and the period is similar. Neutral wind also influenced the characteristics of the ionospheric response. The [ O ] / [ N 2 ] ratio declined during the storm, which led to the formation of the negative storm phases. The largest vertical total electron content (VTEC) is found, and the strengthened region of TEC is mainly centered between ± 20° within geographical latitude. Equatorial Ionospheric Anomaly (EIA) is also observed, which is probably influenced by the electric field. As the time goes on, the peak on the south side of the EIA is disappearing. Meanwhile, the height of the ionospheric maximum electron density rises, and the electron density falls. • Ionospheric variation features following the 2023 geomagnetic storm in the Asian sector are obtained using multi-instruments. • Large-scale Traveling Ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) are observed from BDS, GPS and GLONASS data. • Different TID characteristics during the storm are found and caused by atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep-sea tsunami detection relies on Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART), GNSS buoys, and cabled Ocean-Bottom Pressure (OBP) gauges, which are very expensive and difficult to maintain, and often suffer from vandalism or negligent damage. Here, we exploit the potential of establishing a less expensive and more robust island-based geodetic network for tsunami detecting, source reconstruction and warning. The network locates at the coastline of islands and uses a new technique: GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR). GNSS-IR retrieves sea levels from combination of the direct and reflected signals from the sea surface sent by satellites. To test the feasibility and efficiency of such a new geodetic network, we use the South China Sea region as an example, and compare its performance in reconciling the variable slip distribution on the Manila megathrust with the previously designed deep-sea monitoring system, i.e., DARTs and planned cable-based OBP gauges. We find that the newly designed GNSS-IR network could work equally well as the cabled OBP network in detecting tsunamis if the stations are built in strategically chosen locations. Combining GNSS-IR with a Kalman filter approach, we demonstrate that carefully situated coastal GNSS stations at global remote deep-ocean islands could function similarly to conventional tide gauges but with advantages of simultaneously measuring relative sea-level and land-height changes, meanwhile suffering lower risk from damaging sea-level events and potential vandalism. • Coastal GNSS-IR network built in strategically chosen locations could work effectively in detecting and reconstructing tsunami source. • Kalman filter approach can process the sparse sea-level retrievals measured by GNSS-IR to equally sampled data as conventional tide gauge. • Carefully situated coastal GNSS stations at remote deep-ocean islands could complement current tsunami warning system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread application of metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) has prompted great interest in nano-biosafety. Consequently, as more and more MNPs are released into the environment and eventually sink into the soil, plants, as an essential component of the ecosystem, are at greater risk of exposure and response to these MNPs. Therefore, to understand the potential impact of nanoparticles on the environment, their effects should be thoroughly investigated. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.) is an ideal model plant for studying the impact of environmental stress on plants' growth and development because the ways in which Arabidopsis adapt to these stresses resemble those of many plants, and therefore, conclusions obtained from these scientific studies have often been used as the universal reference for other plants. This study reviewed the main findings of present-day interactions between MNPs and Arabidopsis thaliana from plant internalization to phytotoxic effects to reveal the mechanisms by which nanomaterials affect plant growth and development. We also analyzed the remaining unsolved problems in this field and provide a perspective for future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue as an acute infectious disease threatens global public health and has sparked broad research interest. However, existing studies generally ignore the spatial dependencies involved in dengue forecast, and consideration of temporal periodicity is absent. In this work, we propose a spatiotemporal component fusion model (STCFM) to solve the dengue risk forecast issue. Considering that mosquitoes are an important vector of dengue transmission, we introduce feature factors involving mosquito abundance and spatiotemporal lags to model temporal trends and spatial distributions separately on the basis of statistical properties. Specifically, we conduct multiscale modeling of temporal dependencies to enhance the forecast capability of relevant periods by capturing the historical variation patterns of the data across different segments in the temporal dimension. In the spatial dimension, we quantify the multivariate spatial correlation analysis as additional features to strengthen the spatial feature representation and adopt the ConvLSTM model to learn spatial dependencies adequately. The final forecast results are obtained by stacking strategy fusion in ensemble learning. We conduct experiments on real dengue datasets. The results indicate that STCFM improves prediction accuracy through effective spatiotemporal feature representations and outperforms candidate models with a reasonable component construction strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, several organizations have considered using differentially private algorithms for disclosure limitation when releasing count data. The typical approach is to add random noise to the counts sampled from, for example, a Laplace distribution or symmetric geometric distribution. One advantage of this approach, at least for some differentially private algorithms, is that analysts know the noise distribution and hence have the opportunity to account for it when making inferences about the true counts. In this article, we present Bayesian inference procedures to estimate the posterior distribution of a subset proportion, that is, a ratio of two counts, given the released values. We illustrate the methods under several scenarios, including when the released counts come from surveys or censuses. Using simulations, we show that the Bayesian procedures can result in accurate inferences with close to nominal coverage rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South China Sea region is potentially threatened by tsunami hazards originated from multiple sources: the Manila subduction zone in the east, the Littoral Fault Zone (LFZ) in the north, numerous submarine landslides on the continental slopes and the volcanic islands in the Luzon Strait. Infrequent but potentially devastating tsunami hazard poses a great threat to the populous coastal region, fishery, oil and gas exploitation in the deep sea, etc. Here we review the recent progress in tsunami hazard assessment in the South China Sea region, focusing on two primary sources: submarine earthquakes and landslides. We sort and review the literature by the two commonly used approaches: deterministic and probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment for both source types. By simulating tsunamis generated by typical earthquakes originated from the Manila Trench, the LFZ and landslides in the continental slopes, we investigate their tsunamigenic mechanism and key tsunami characteristics in the South China Sea region. We point out the research gaps and highlight the key issues to be addressed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The VOF (volume of fluid) multiphase transient simulation model of the windage loss of the gear pair under oil-jet lubrication was carried out by using the dynamic mesh technology with the powerful parallel computing capabilities of the Super Cloud Computing Center. Firstly, a two-phase (oil-gas) turbulence numerical model was established in the process of oil-jet lubrication. The numerical simulation test was designed by orthogonal experiment. The influence of the oil-jet lubrication parameters and their interaction on the windage power loss was studied by means of variance analysis. The results showed that the influence of injection speed on the windage power loss was the largest and proportional, followed by injection temperature and injection pressure, and the latter two factors were inversely proportional. Then, the fitting calculation formula of windage loss related to each influencing factor is obtained based on the numerical simulation results. Furthermore, by observing the velocity vector distribution of the internal flow field of the gearbox with different time, the formation mechanism of windage loss is understood intuitively, and the measures to reduce windage loss are put forward. Finally, the mechanical and energy characteristics of the windage loss under different oil injection parameters are proposed, by analyzing and calculating the differential pressure force, viscous force, turbulent kinetic energy, and turbulent dissipation rate around the gear pair. This paper provides a method guidance for the calculation of windage power loss and efficiency of aviation gear pair under elastohydrodynamic lubrication in engineering application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influence maximization (IM) has drawn significant attention in recent years. Most existing IM methods primarily focus on homogeneous networks, and do not take into account the heterogeneity and the attributes of different types of nodes in heterogeneous networks. However, heterogeneous networks are ubiquitous in real world, encompassing rich semantics and complex structural information. Additionally, the clustering characteristics inherent in a network have a critical and substantial impact on the process of information diffusion, which is often overlooked in IM models designed for heterogeneous networks. To address the challenges posed by the heterogeneity and clustering structure in heterogeneous networks, we propose a novel deep learning framework based on a self-supervised clustered heterogeneous graph transformer for IM in heterogeneous networks, which we have named SCHGT-IM. SCHGT-IM aggregates the heterogeneity and clustering information in heterogeneous networks and incorporates a clustered cascade (CC) model as an information diffusion model to enhance the realism of simulations. We evaluate the performance of SCHGT-IM in comparison with that of state-of-the-art IM models using three academic heterogeneous networks extracted from the DBLP dataset. The experimental results on influence spread demonstrate that SCHGT-IM is superior to fourteen state-of-the-art algorithms and is highly effective in selecting influential seed nodes of different types from heterogeneous networks. • A self-supervised clustered HGT method SCHGT-IM for IM on heterogeneous network is proposed. • SCHGT-IM integrates cluster information from heterogeneous networks. • SCHGT-IM includes information diffusion model, named the clustered cascade model. • SCHGT-IM outperforms fourteen state-of-the-art algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional textile degumming process produces abundant wastewater, which contains a lot of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. It is of great economic and environmental significance to utilize these carbohydrates in high value. In this study, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the carbohydrate components in kenaf degumming wastewater, and then the production of C-dots using the wastewater was explored. The results showed that the types and content in the degumming wastewater were monosaccharides (glucose, xylose and arabinose) and oligosaccharides (dextran, xylan and araban). The carbohydrate (mainly glucan and xylan) content in wastewater accounted for 91.16 % of the total carbohydrates weight loss in kenaf degumming process. By using hydrolysis and hydrothermal reaction on kenaf degumming wastewater, blue-green carbon dots (C-dots) with good performance were prepared and successfully applied to anti-counterfeiting printing. In particular, the as-prepared C-dots prepared from kenaf degumming wastewater with urea added (WUC-dots) showed an excitation-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and quantum yield (QY) of 2.4 % in aqueous solution. The fluorescent code exhibited a clear outline, excitation-tunable color and good stability, showing a great potential for anti-counterfeiting system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising target for diagnosis and radioligand therapy (RLT) of prostate cancer. Two novel PSMA-targeting radionuclide therapy agents, [177Lu]Lu-P17-087, and its albumin binder modified derivative, [177Lu]Lu-P17-088, were evaluated in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. The primary endpoint was dosimetry evaluation, the second endpoint was radiation toxicity assessment (CTCAE 5.0) and PSA response (PCWG3).Patients with PSMA-positive tumors were enrolled after [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scan. Five mCRPC patients received [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 and four other patients received [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 (1.2 GBq/patient). Multiple whole body planar scintigraphy was performed at 1.5, 4, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 168 h after injection and one SPECT/CT imaging was performed at 24 h post-injection for each patient. Dosimetry evaluation was compared in both patient groups.Patients showed no major clinical side-effects under this low dose treatment. As expected [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 with longer blood circulation (due to its albumin binding) exhibited higher effective doses than [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 (0.151 ± 0.036 vs. 0.056 ± 0.019 mGy/MBq, P = 0.001). Similarly, red marrow received 0.119 ± 0.068 and 0.048 ± 0.020 mGy/MBq, while kidney doses were 0.119 ± 0.068 and 0.046 ± 0.022 mGy/MBq, respectively. [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 demonstrated excellent tumor uptake and faster kinetics; while [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 displayed a slower washout and higher average dose (7.75 ± 4.18 vs. 4.72 ± 2.29 mGy/MBq, P = 0.018). After administration of [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 and [177Lu]Lu-P17-088, 3/5 and 3/4 patients showed reducing PSA values, respectively.[177Lu]Lu-P17-088 and [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 displayed different pharmacokinetics but excellent PSMA-targeting dose delivery in mCRPC patients. These two agents are promising RLT agents for personalized treatment of mCRPC. Further studies with increased dose and frequency of RLT are warranted to evaluate the potential therapeutic efficacy.177Lu-P17-087/177Lu-P17-088 in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (NCT05603559, Registered at 25 October, 2022).https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05603559.Methods: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising target for diagnosis and radioligand therapy (RLT) of prostate cancer. Two novel PSMA-targeting radionuclide therapy agents, [177Lu]Lu-P17-087, and its albumin binder modified derivative, [177Lu]Lu-P17-088, were evaluated in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. The primary endpoint was dosimetry evaluation, the second endpoint was radiation toxicity assessment (CTCAE 5.0) and PSA response (PCWG3).Patients with PSMA-positive tumors were enrolled after [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scan. Five mCRPC patients received [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 and four other patients received [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 (1.2 GBq/patient). Multiple whole body planar scintigraphy was performed at 1.5, 4, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 168 h after injection and one SPECT/CT imaging was performed at 24 h post-injection for each patient. Dosimetry evaluation was compared in both patient groups.Patients showed no major clinical side-effects under this low dose treatment. As expected [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 with longer blood circulation (due to its albumin binding) exhibited higher effective doses than [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 (0.151 ± 0.036 vs. 0.056 ± 0.019 mGy/MBq, P = 0.001). Similarly, red marrow received 0.119 ± 0.068 and 0.048 ± 0.020 mGy/MBq, while kidney doses were 0.119 ± 0.068 and 0.046 ± 0.022 mGy/MBq, respectively. [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 demonstrated excellent tumor uptake and faster kinetics; while [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 displayed a slower washout and higher average dose (7.75 ± 4.18 vs. 4.72 ± 2.29 mGy/MBq, P = 0.018). After administration of [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 and [177Lu]Lu-P17-088, 3/5 and 3/4 patients showed reducing PSA values, respectively.[177Lu]Lu-P17-088 and [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 displayed different pharmacokinetics but excellent PSMA-targeting dose delivery in mCRPC patients. These two agents are promising RLT agents for personalized treatment of mCRPC. Further studies with increased dose and frequency of RLT are warranted to evaluate the potential therapeutic efficacy.177Lu-P17-087/177Lu-P17-088 in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (NCT05603559, Registered at 25 October, 2022).https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05603559.Results: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising target for diagnosis and radioligand therapy (RLT) of prostate cancer. Two novel PSMA-targeting radionuclide therapy agents, [177Lu]Lu-P17-087, and its albumin binder modified derivative, [177Lu]Lu-P17-088, were evaluated in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. The primary endpoint was dosimetry evaluation, the second endpoint was radiation toxicity assessment (CTCAE 5.0) and PSA response (PCWG3).Patients with PSMA-positive tumors were enrolled after [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scan. Five mCRPC patients received [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 and four other patients received [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 (1.2 GBq/patient). Multiple whole body planar scintigraphy was performed at 1.5, 4, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 168 h after injection and one SPECT/CT imaging was performed at 24 h post-injection for each patient. Dosimetry evaluation was compared in both patient groups.Patients showed no major clinical side-effects under this low dose treatment. As expected [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 with longer blood circulation (due to its albumin binding) exhibited higher effective doses than [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 (0.151 ± 0.036 vs. 0.056 ± 0.019 mGy/MBq, P = 0.001). Similarly, red marrow received 0.119 ± 0.068 and 0.048 ± 0.020 mGy/MBq, while kidney doses were 0.119 ± 0.068 and 0.046 ± 0.022 mGy/MBq, respectively. [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 demonstrated excellent tumor uptake and faster kinetics; while [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 displayed a slower washout and higher average dose (7.75 ± 4.18 vs. 4.72 ± 2.29 mGy/MBq, P = 0.018). After administration of [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 and [177Lu]Lu-P17-088, 3/5 and 3/4 patients showed reducing PSA values, respectively.[177Lu]Lu-P17-088 and [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 displayed different pharmacokinetics but excellent PSMA-targeting dose delivery in mCRPC patients. These two agents are promising RLT agents for personalized treatment of mCRPC. Further studies with increased dose and frequency of RLT are warranted to evaluate the potential therapeutic efficacy.177Lu-P17-087/177Lu-P17-088 in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (NCT05603559, Registered at 25 October, 2022).https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05603559.Conclusion: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising target for diagnosis and radioligand therapy (RLT) of prostate cancer. Two novel PSMA-targeting radionuclide therapy agents, [177Lu]Lu-P17-087, and its albumin binder modified derivative, [177Lu]Lu-P17-088, were evaluated in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. The primary endpoint was dosimetry evaluation, the second endpoint was radiation toxicity assessment (CTCAE 5.0) and PSA response (PCWG3).Patients with PSMA-positive tumors were enrolled after [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scan. Five mCRPC patients received [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 and four other patients received [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 (1.2 GBq/patient). Multiple whole body planar scintigraphy was performed at 1.5, 4, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 168 h after injection and one SPECT/CT imaging was performed at 24 h post-injection for each patient. Dosimetry evaluation was compared in both patient groups.Patients showed no major clinical side-effects under this low dose treatment. As expected [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 with longer blood circulation (due to its albumin binding) exhibited higher effective doses than [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 (0.151 ± 0.036 vs. 0.056 ± 0.019 mGy/MBq, P = 0.001). Similarly, red marrow received 0.119 ± 0.068 and 0.048 ± 0.020 mGy/MBq, while kidney doses were 0.119 ± 0.068 and 0.046 ± 0.022 mGy/MBq, respectively. [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 demonstrated excellent tumor uptake and faster kinetics; while [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 displayed a slower washout and higher average dose (7.75 ± 4.18 vs. 4.72 ± 2.29 mGy/MBq, P = 0.018). After administration of [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 and [177Lu]Lu-P17-088, 3/5 and 3/4 patients showed reducing PSA values, respectively.[177Lu]Lu-P17-088 and [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 displayed different pharmacokinetics but excellent PSMA-targeting dose delivery in mCRPC patients. These two agents are promising RLT agents for personalized treatment of mCRPC. Further studies with increased dose and frequency of RLT are warranted to evaluate the potential therapeutic efficacy.177Lu-P17-087/177Lu-P17-088 in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (NCT05603559, Registered at 25 October, 2022).https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05603559.Trial registration: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising target for diagnosis and radioligand therapy (RLT) of prostate cancer. Two novel PSMA-targeting radionuclide therapy agents, [177Lu]Lu-P17-087, and its albumin binder modified derivative, [177Lu]Lu-P17-088, were evaluated in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. The primary endpoint was dosimetry evaluation, the second endpoint was radiation toxicity assessment (CTCAE 5.0) and PSA response (PCWG3).Patients with PSMA-positive tumors were enrolled after [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scan. Five mCRPC patients received [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 and four other patients received [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 (1.2 GBq/patient). Multiple whole body planar scintigraphy was performed at 1.5, 4, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 168 h after injection and one SPECT/CT imaging was performed at 24 h post-injection for each patient. Dosimetry evaluation was compared in both patient groups.Patients showed no major clinical side-effects under this low dose treatment. As expected [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 with longer blood circulation (due to its albumin binding) exhibited higher effective doses than [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 (0.151 ± 0.036 vs. 0.056 ± 0.019 mGy/MBq, P = 0.001). Similarly, red marrow received 0.119 ± 0.068 and 0.048 ± 0.020 mGy/MBq, while kidney doses were 0.119 ± 0.068 and 0.046 ± 0.022 mGy/MBq, respectively. [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 demonstrated excellent tumor uptake and faster kinetics; while [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 displayed a slower washout and higher average dose (7.75 ± 4.18 vs. 4.72 ± 2.29 mGy/MBq, P = 0.018). After administration of [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 and [177Lu]Lu-P17-088, 3/5 and 3/4 patients showed reducing PSA values, respectively.[177Lu]Lu-P17-088 and [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 displayed different pharmacokinetics but excellent PSMA-targeting dose delivery in mCRPC patients. These two agents are promising RLT agents for personalized treatment of mCRPC. Further studies with increased dose and frequency of RLT are warranted to evaluate the potential therapeutic efficacy.177Lu-P17-087/177Lu-P17-088 in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (NCT05603559, Registered at 25 October, 2022).https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05603559.URL of registry: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising target for diagnosis and radioligand therapy (RLT) of prostate cancer. Two novel PSMA-targeting radionuclide therapy agents, [177Lu]Lu-P17-087, and its albumin binder modified derivative, [177Lu]Lu-P17-088, were evaluated in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. The primary endpoint was dosimetry evaluation, the second endpoint was radiation toxicity assessment (CTCAE 5.0) and PSA response (PCWG3).Patients with PSMA-positive tumors were enrolled after [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scan. Five mCRPC patients received [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 and four other patients received [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 (1.2 GBq/patient). Multiple whole body planar scintigraphy was performed at 1.5, 4, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 168 h after injection and one SPECT/CT imaging was performed at 24 h post-injection for each patient. Dosimetry evaluation was compared in both patient groups.Patients showed no major clinical side-effects under this low dose treatment. As expected [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 with longer blood circulation (due to its albumin binding) exhibited higher effective doses than [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 (0.151 ± 0.036 vs. 0.056 ± 0.019 mGy/MBq, P = 0.001). Similarly, red marrow received 0.119 ± 0.068 and 0.048 ± 0.020 mGy/MBq, while kidney doses were 0.119 ± 0.068 and 0.046 ± 0.022 mGy/MBq, respectively. [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 demonstrated excellent tumor uptake and faster kinetics; while [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 displayed a slower washout and higher average dose (7.75 ± 4.18 vs. 4.72 ± 2.29 mGy/MBq, P = 0.018). After administration of [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 and [177Lu]Lu-P17-088, 3/5 and 3/4 patients showed reducing PSA values, respectively.[177Lu]Lu-P17-088 and [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 displayed different pharmacokinetics but excellent PSMA-targeting dose delivery in mCRPC patients. These two agents are promising RLT agents for personalized treatment of mCRPC. Further studies with increased dose and frequency of RLT are warranted to evaluate the potential therapeutic efficacy.177Lu-P17-087/177Lu-P17-088 in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (NCT05603559, Registered at 25 October, 2022).https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05603559. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Sustainable rice production is crucial for addressing food security and mitigating climate change. Optimizing irrigation techniques that strike a balance between rice yields and carbon sequestration has gained significant attention. Intermittent irrigation has been considered a compromise between these two factors. However, uncertainties persist regarding the impact of intermittent irrigation on ratoon rice cultivation.To address this, we conducted field experiments to investigate the influence of intermittent irrigation on rice yield and CO2/CH4 emissions in ratoon rice systems at Qianshanhong Farm, located in Yiyang, Hunan Province, China. We utilized a portable greenhouse gas analyzer from Los Gatos Research (LGR) alongside the closed chamber method to measure gas fluxes accurately. The experiments were conducted on Huanghuazhan rice cultivar, with each plot encompassing 45 m2. The experiments included intermittent irrigation treatment and conventional flooded irrigation treatment as a control.The study found that the ecosystem respiration (ER), heterotrophic soil respiration (HR), Gross primary productivity (GPP), Plant autotrophic respiration (PR), and total accumulated CH4 emissions from the ecosystem (ECH4\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$${E}_{{CH}_{4}}$$\end{document}) of ratoon rice decreased owing to intermittent irrigation. Intermittent irrigation increased rice yield and biomass by 6.04% and 3.88%, respectively, but the differences were not significant (P > 0.05). However, ratoon rice exhibited increased Net ecosystem photosynthetic exchange (NEE), Net primary productivity (NPP), and Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) after intermittent irrigation. Furthermore, there was a 57.78% reduction in the global warming potential (GWP) of the sum CO2-eq of CO2 and CH4 flux throughout the intermittent irrigation period.Intermittent irrigation of ratoon rice decreased C release from the rice ecosystem while maintaining yields, therefore this approach is recommended.Methods: Sustainable rice production is crucial for addressing food security and mitigating climate change. Optimizing irrigation techniques that strike a balance between rice yields and carbon sequestration has gained significant attention. Intermittent irrigation has been considered a compromise between these two factors. However, uncertainties persist regarding the impact of intermittent irrigation on ratoon rice cultivation.To address this, we conducted field experiments to investigate the influence of intermittent irrigation on rice yield and CO2/CH4 emissions in ratoon rice systems at Qianshanhong Farm, located in Yiyang, Hunan Province, China. We utilized a portable greenhouse gas analyzer from Los Gatos Research (LGR) alongside the closed chamber method to measure gas fluxes accurately. The experiments were conducted on Huanghuazhan rice cultivar, with each plot encompassing 45 m2. The experiments included intermittent irrigation treatment and conventional flooded irrigation treatment as a control.The study found that the ecosystem respiration (ER), heterotrophic soil respiration (HR), Gross primary productivity (GPP), Plant autotrophic respiration (PR), and total accumulated CH4 emissions from the ecosystem (ECH4\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$${E}_{{CH}_{4}}$$\end{document}) of ratoon rice decreased owing to intermittent irrigation. Intermittent irrigation increased rice yield and biomass by 6.04% and 3.88%, respectively, but the differences were not significant (P > 0.05). However, ratoon rice exhibited increased Net ecosystem photosynthetic exchange (NEE), Net primary productivity (NPP), and Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) after intermittent irrigation. Furthermore, there was a 57.78% reduction in the global warming potential (GWP) of the sum CO2-eq of CO2 and CH4 flux throughout the intermittent irrigation period.Intermittent irrigation of ratoon rice decreased C release from the rice ecosystem while maintaining yields, therefore this approach is recommended.Results: Sustainable rice production is crucial for addressing food security and mitigating climate change. Optimizing irrigation techniques that strike a balance between rice yields and carbon sequestration has gained significant attention. Intermittent irrigation has been considered a compromise between these two factors. However, uncertainties persist regarding the impact of intermittent irrigation on ratoon rice cultivation.To address this, we conducted field experiments to investigate the influence of intermittent irrigation on rice yield and CO2/CH4 emissions in ratoon rice systems at Qianshanhong Farm, located in Yiyang, Hunan Province, China. We utilized a portable greenhouse gas analyzer from Los Gatos Research (LGR) alongside the closed chamber method to measure gas fluxes accurately. The experiments were conducted on Huanghuazhan rice cultivar, with each plot encompassing 45 m2. The experiments included intermittent irrigation treatment and conventional flooded irrigation treatment as a control.The study found that the ecosystem respiration (ER), heterotrophic soil respiration (HR), Gross primary productivity (GPP), Plant autotrophic respiration (PR), and total accumulated CH4 emissions from the ecosystem (ECH4\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$${E}_{{CH}_{4}}$$\end{document}) of ratoon rice decreased owing to intermittent irrigation. Intermittent irrigation increased rice yield and biomass by 6.04% and 3.88%, respectively, but the differences were not significant (P > 0.05). However, ratoon rice exhibited increased Net ecosystem photosynthetic exchange (NEE), Net primary productivity (NPP), and Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) after intermittent irrigation. Furthermore, there was a 57.78% reduction in the global warming potential (GWP) of the sum CO2-eq of CO2 and CH4 flux throughout the intermittent irrigation period.Intermittent irrigation of ratoon rice decreased C release from the rice ecosystem while maintaining yields, therefore this approach is recommended.Conclusions: Sustainable rice production is crucial for addressing food security and mitigating climate change. Optimizing irrigation techniques that strike a balance between rice yields and carbon sequestration has gained significant attention. Intermittent irrigation has been considered a compromise between these two factors. However, uncertainties persist regarding the impact of intermittent irrigation on ratoon rice cultivation.To address this, we conducted field experiments to investigate the influence of intermittent irrigation on rice yield and CO2/CH4 emissions in ratoon rice systems at Qianshanhong Farm, located in Yiyang, Hunan Province, China. We utilized a portable greenhouse gas analyzer from Los Gatos Research (LGR) alongside the closed chamber method to measure gas fluxes accurately. The experiments were conducted on Huanghuazhan rice cultivar, with each plot encompassing 45 m2. The experiments included intermittent irrigation treatment and conventional flooded irrigation treatment as a control.The study found that the ecosystem respiration (ER), heterotrophic soil respiration (HR), Gross primary productivity (GPP), Plant autotrophic respiration (PR), and total accumulated CH4 emissions from the ecosystem (ECH4\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$${E}_{{CH}_{4}}$$\end{document}) of ratoon rice decreased owing to intermittent irrigation. Intermittent irrigation increased rice yield and biomass by 6.04% and 3.88%, respectively, but the differences were not significant (P > 0.05). However, ratoon rice exhibited increased Net ecosystem photosynthetic exchange (NEE), Net primary productivity (NPP), and Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) after intermittent irrigation. Furthermore, there was a 57.78% reduction in the global warming potential (GWP) of the sum CO2-eq of CO2 and CH4 flux throughout the intermittent irrigation period.Intermittent irrigation of ratoon rice decreased C release from the rice ecosystem while maintaining yields, therefore this approach is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South China Sea (SCS) coastlines are particularly vulnerable to tsunamis due to rapid urbanization and dense infrastructures. However, whether the SCS has experienced ocean-wide tsunamis is still under debate. Some geological records from the offshore islands inside the SCS imply a regional tsunami event may have occurred approximately 1000-yr-ago. We address these questions for the first time using forward numerical simulations in the SCS: what source could be responsible for such deposits, how the deposits were formed and at what conditions do the deposits could be preserved? Here, we assume the validity of the tsunami deposit hypothesis and use the forward model COMCOT-SED to investigate if these tsunami deposits can be linked to potential seismogenic tsunami sources inside the SCS, including megathrust earthquakes (Mw8.8–9.2) from the Manila subduction zone (MSZ) and the 1918 Mw7.5 Nan'ao earthquake from the Littoral Fault Zone (LFZ) in the northern continental shelf of the SCS. We also utilize a reported tsunami deposit from Qing'ao Embayment, Nan'ao Island, China, to exemplify the deposit formation process in a typical barrier-low coastal plain system. Quantitative analysis suggests large earthquakes from the MSZ may account for the reported geological deposits. The full-rupture earthquake scenario could best explain the depositions if such extreme case is geophysically and geologically plausible. If not, earthquakes (∼ Mw 9.0) covering the northern (16–23.5°N) or southern portion (14–19°N) of the MSZ could also be suitable candidates. Such great earthquakes can generate large tsunami waves (>7 m) that inundate the Qing'ao Embayment, transporting sediments and leaving tsunami deposits in low-lying areas. Conversely, tsunamis triggered by nearshore earthquakes in the LFZ cannot cause deposition in Qing'ao Embayment. The barrier-low coastal plain system is well-suited for preserving tsunami deposits, which remain unaltered by subsequent tsunami waves. Our findings offer a quantitative reference for paleo-tsunami research in the SCS and enhance global understanding of the tsunami deposition process in barrier-low coastal plain systems. • The full-rupture earthquake (Mw 9.0) from the MSZ best explains the reported plausible tsunami deposits in the South China Sea. • Tsunami waves >7 m generated by MSZ earthquakes could inundate the Qing'ao Embayment anddeposit sediments in low-lying areas. • The barrier-low coastal plain system in Qing'ao Embayment forms favorable conditions to preserve overwash tsunami deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new and efficient protocol for the transamidation promoted by organophosphoric acid has been reported. The protocol was applied for the N‐formylation of amines including aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic amines, affording moderate to excellent yields (54‐98 %) via the transamidation of N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). Similarly, the protocol was used for the N‐acylation of a range of amines, moderate yields via transamidation of N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA) were obtained. Moreover, the protocol could be easily performed on a multigram scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with a time-periodic reaction-diffusion equation in exterior domains Ω = R N \ K , where K is a compact set in R N and is called an obstacle. We first prove the existence of the entire solution u(t, x) emanating from a time-periodic planar front ϕ (t , x 1 - c t) as t → - ∞ . Then, under the assumption that the propagation of u(t, x) is complete, we prove that u(t, x) converges to the same time-periodic planar front ϕ (t , x 1 - c t) as t → + ∞ uniformly in Ω ¯ . Finally, we show some examples of geometrical shapes of K such that the propagation of u(t, x) is complete or incomplete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) specifically expressed on the surface of pancreatic β-cells and insulinoma, is a potential biomarker for imaging β-cell mass (BCM). In this study, two new 68Ga-labelled GLP1R targeting agents were prepared and their biological properties for imaging BCM and insulinoma were evaluated. [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-MAL-Cys39-exendin-4 ([68Ga]Ga- 4) and its dimer ([68Ga]Ga- 5) were synthesized from corresponding precursors. Cell uptake studies were evaluated in INS-1 cells. Biodistribution and microPET studies were performed in male normal Sprague-Dawley rats, diabetic rats and insulinoma xenograft NOD/SCID mice. [68Ga]Ga- 4 and [68Ga]Ga- 5 were efficiently radiolabelled by a simple one-step reaction without purification leading to high radiochemical yields and radiochemical purities (both >95%, decay corrected, n = 6, molar activity 15 GBq/μmol). They both showed excellent stability (~95%) in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4, and in rat serum (~90%) for 2 h. Biodistribution studies and small animal PET/CT imaging showed that [68Ga]Ga- 4 displayed specific uptake in rat pancreas and mouse insulinoma, and a reduced uptake in the pancreas of diabetic rat was observed (~62% reduction). Notably, it exhibited a rapid time-to-peak pancreatic uptake (0.96 ± 0.19%ID/g in 15 min) and fast clearance from the kidney (42% clearance in 30 min). Results suggested a favorable in vivo kinetics for human imaging studies. [68Ga]Ga- 4 targeting GLP1R of pancreatic β-cells may be a potentially useful PET agent and a suitable candidate for further structural modification studies. This agent has demonstrated several advantages, rapid time-to-peak pancreatic uptake and faster clearance from the kidney, factors may enhance diagnosis of diabetes and insulinoma. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The merging of humans and machines depends on the contact sensor medium used. However, this contact interaction inevitably leads to mechanical loss. Photodetectors are cutting‐edge tools in optical communication that use controlled lighting to achieve efficient signal conversion to drive mechano–optical communication systems and provide an innovative interface for the Internet of Things services. Here, a self‐powered, non‐contact mechano–optical communication system based on a wearable Te@TeSe photodetector textile is presented, which encodes near‐infrared light to modulate robotic manipulator actions. The wearable Te@TeSe photodetector textile enhanced the photocurrent and responsivity by 400 times compared to a pristine Te nanowire (NW) array. The type II heterojunction of Te@TeSe NWs is proved by first‐principles calculations and simulated, providing insights on photogenic carrier transmission in Te@TeSe NWs. This system shows the possibility of duplicate real‐time execution of mechanical gestures in virtual environments and paves the way for advanced optical devices applied to information transmission and mechano–optical communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]