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Cisplatin (CDDP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent that has remarkable antineoplastic effects. However, CDDP can cause severe acute kidney injury (AKI), which limits its clinical application. Agrimol B is the main active ingredient found in Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb and has a variety of pharmacological activities. The effect of agrimol B on CDDP-induced renal toxicity has not been determined. To investigate whether agrimol B has a protective effect against CDDP-induced AKI, we first identify Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) as a critical target protein of agrimol B in regulating AKI through network pharmacology analysis. Subsequently, the AKI mouse model is induced by administering a single dose of CDDP via intraperitoneal injection. By detecting the serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, as well as the histopathological changes, we confirm that agrimol B effectively reduces CDDP-induced AKI. In addition, treatment with agrimol B counteracts the increase in renal malondialdehyde level and the decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione levels induced by CDDP. Moreover, western blot results reveal that agrimol B upregulates the expressions of Sirt1, SOD2, nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2, and downstream molecules, including heme oxygenase 1 and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1. However, administration of the Sirt1 inhibitor EX527 abolishes the effects of agrimol B. Finally, we establish a tumor-bearing mouse model and find that agrimol B has a synergistic antitumor effect with CDDP. Overall, agrimol B attenuates CDDP-induced AKI by activating the Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway to counteract oxidative stress, suggesting that this compound is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of CDDP-induced AKI.

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ([NAD.sup.+]) against acute liver injury (ALI) induced by acetaminophen (APAP) overdose in mice. First, serum transaminases were used to assess the protective effect of [NAD.sup.+], and the data revealed that [NAD.sup.+] mitigated the APAP-induced ALI in a dose-dependent manner. Then, we performed hematoxylin-eosin staining of liver tissues and found that [NAD.sup.+] alleviated the abnormalities of histopathology. Meanwhile, increase in the malondialdehyde content and decrease in glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase were identified in the APAP group, which were partially prevented by the [NAD.sup.+] pretreatment. Moreover, compared with the mice treated with APAP only, the expression of poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1), Sirtuinl (Sirtl), SOD2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and hemoxygenase-1 was upregulated, while Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 and histone H2AX phosphorylated on Ser-139 were downregulated by [NAD.sup.+] in [NAD.sup.+] + APAP group. Conversely, [NAD.sup.+] could not correct the elevated expression of phospho-Jun N-terminal kinase and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase induced by APAP. Taken together, these findings suggest that [NAD.sup.+] confers an anti-ALI effect to enhance the expression of PARP1 and Sirt1, and to simultaneously stimulate the Nrf2 anti-oxidant signaling pathway. Keywords: acetaminophen, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, PARP1, Sirt1, Nrf2 Cette etude portait sur l'effet protecteur de la nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) contre l'insuffisance hepatique aigue (IHA) provoquee par un surdosage d'acetaminophene (APAP) chez la souris. Nous avons d'abord evalue l'effet protecteur de la NAD+ a l'aide des transaminases seriques; les resultats ont revele que la NAD+ permettait d'attenuer l'IHA engendree par l'APAP de maniere proportionnelle a la dose. Puis, nous avons procede a une coloration des tissus hepatique a l'aide d'hematoxyline-eosine et observe que la NAD+ entrainait une attenuation des anomalies histopathologiques. Nous avons aussi observe une augmentation des taux de malondialdehyde et une diminution des taux de glutathion, de superoxyde dismutase (SOD) et de glutathion peroxydase dans le groupe APAP, ce qu'il etait possible de prevenir partiellement a l'aide de l'administration prealable de NAD+. En outre, la regulation a la hausse de l'expression de la poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1), de la sirtuine 1 (Sirt1), de la SOD2, du Nrf2 (pour << nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 >>) et de l'hemoxygenase1, de meme que la regulation a la baisse de la proteine KEAP1 (pour << Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 >>) et de l'histone H2AX phosphorylee en Ser-139 qu'engendrait la NAD+ etaient plus importantes dans le groupe NAD+ + APAP qu'avec l'APAP en monotherapie. En revanche, la NAD+ ne permettait pas de corriger l'augmentation de l'expression de la phosphokinase de Jun en N-terminal et de la phosphokinase regulee par le signal extracellulaire qu'engendrait l'APAP. L'ensemble de ces resultats laissent entendre que la NAD+ confererait un effet anti IHA et permettrait de faire augmenter l'expression de la PARP1 et de la Sirt1, avec la stimulation simultanee de la voie de signalisation anti-oxydante du Nrf2. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : acetaminophene, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, PARP1, Sirt1, Nrf2, 1. Introduction Acetaminophen, also called N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug around the world (Fernandez-Checa et al. 2021). Although APAP is considered safe at therapeutic dose [...]

During the operation of liquid-phase He-4 (LHe-4) storage tanks, heat leakage changes the thermophysical parameters and phase properties of the LHe-4 in the tanks, resulting in the thermal layering phenomenon. This phenomenon is characterized by the LHe-4 temperature gradient and pressure increase (self-pressurization) phenomena in the tanks. Based on the Layer-by-Layer model, a heat transfer model of a composite adiabatic structure with multilayer insulation and liquid nitrogen screen (LNCS) insulation was established, and the Neumann boundary heat flux of the thermal response model was determined. A numerical simulation model of the thermal response of a liquid helium storage tank was established. The spatial and temporal evolutions of the pressure distribution, natural convection characteristics, thermal stratification characteristics, and self-pressurization characteristics of the LHe-4 tank were investigated. Finally, the self-pressurization thermodynamic model of the LHe-4 storage tank was built based on the isothermal saturation and homogeneous model. It is shown that the predictive performance of the mLee model for the self-boosting characteristics (relative deviation of 14.32%) was significantly improved compared with that of the Lee model (relative deviation of 39.64%). The thermal stratification degree (TSD) of the tank increased with the operation time, with TSDs of 1.023, 1.028, and 1.036 at 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h, which exacerbated the self-pressurization of the tank. The wall surface in contact with the phase interface is a strong evaporation point, so the interfacial mass transfer rate maps show a pattern of high at both ends and low in the middle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are currently one of the most popular image classification technologies. Their excellent image classification ability enables the prediction of the ash content in clean coal using coal flotation froth images. Herein, a scheme is proposed to predict the ash content in coal flotation concentrate using coal flotation froth images and CNN architecture. According to the ash content of the concentrate, the coal flotation froth image data set is divided into seven interval categories, and data augmentation is used to expand the data set. Then, several recently trained CNNs (ResNet, EfficientNet, EfficientNetV2, ConvNeXt) are used to classify the coal flotation froth images with different concentrate ash content interval (integer ±1%). The classification performance of each network model, relationship between model performance and hyperparameters, and the abstract pixel features of the best model are visualized. The EfficientNetV2-L network achieves the highest classification accuracy (99%) after fine-tuning. The results indicate that the CNNs are effective in predicting the ash content of clean coal by classifying coal flotation froth images. The optimized CNN model is applied to froth images in the industry, resulting in high classification performance, which demonstrates that the CNN has high potential for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The craniofacial bone, crucial for protecting brain tissue and supporting facial structure, undergoes continuous remodeling through mesenchymal (MSCs) or skeletal stem cells in their niches. Gli1 is an ideal marker for labeling MSCs and osteoprogenitors in this region, and Gli1-lineage cells are identified as pivotal for bone growth, development, repair, and regeneration. Despite its significance, the distribution of Gli1-lineage cells across the dental, oral, and craniofacial (DOC) regions remains to be systematically explored. Utilizing tissue-clearing and light sheet fluorescence microscopy with a Gli1 CreER; tdTomato Ai14 mouse model, we mapped the spatial distribution of Gli1-lineage cells throughout the skull, focusing on calvarial bones, sutures, bone marrow, teeth, periodontium, jaw bones, and the temporomandibular joint. We found Gli1-lineage cells widespread in these areas, underscoring their significance in DOC regions. Additionally, we observed their role in repairing calvarial bone defects, providing novel insights into craniofacial biology and stem cell niches and enhancing our understanding of stem cells and their progeny's behavior in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the hydrophobic modification of coal gasification fly ash (FA) was investigated given the adverse effects of surface hydrophilic structures on the material field. The surface of FA was modified using stearic acid (SA), which successfully altered its hydrophilic structure. When the contact angle of S-FA increased from 23.4° to 127.2°, the activation index increased from 0 to 0.98, the oil absorption decreased from 0.564 g/g to 0.510 g/g, and the BET-specific surface area decreased from 13.973 m2/g to 3.218 m2/g. The failure temperature of SA on the surface of S-FA was 210 °C. The adsorption mechanism of FA was analyzed using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD). The adsorption of water molecules by FA involved both chemical and physical adsorption, with active adsorption sites for Al, Fe, and Si. The adsorbed water molecules on the surface of FA formed hydrogen bonds with a bond length of 1.5–2.5 Å, leading to agglomeration. In addition, the long alkyl chain in SA mainly relied on the central carbon atom in the (-CH3) structure to obtain electrons in different directions from the H atoms in space, increasing the Coulomb repulsion with the O atoms in the water molecule and thereby achieving the hydrophobic effect. In the temperature range of 298 K to 358 K, the combination of FA and SA became stronger as the temperature increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

D-K-type bauxite from Guizhou can be used as an unburned ceramic, adsorbent, and geopolymer after low-temperature calcination. It aims to solve the problem where the color of the D–K-type bauxite changes after calcination at different temperatures. Digital image processing technology was used to extract the color characteristics of bauxite images after 10 min of calcination at various temperatures. Then, we analyzed changes in the chemical composition and micromorphology of bauxite before and after calcination and investigated the correlation between the color characteristics of images and composition changes after bauxite calcination. The test results indicated that after calcining bauxite at 500 °C to 1000 °C for 10 min, more obvious dehydration and decarburization reactions occurred. The main component gradually changed from diaspore to Al2O3, the chromaticity value of the image decreased from 0.0980 to 0.0515, the saturation value increased from 0.0161 to 0.2433, and the brightness value increased from 0.5890 to 0.7177. Studies have shown that changes in bauxite color characteristics are strongly correlated with changes in composition. This is important for directing bauxite calcination based on digital image processing from engineering viewpoints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]