Search

Additional file 1. TRIPOD checklist is provided for the prediction model development and validation.

The photoelectrocatalytic water splitting performance of the pristine hematite is limited because of its poor bulk charge separation efficiency. In this study, the lactic acid modified hematite films were grown in situ on Fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates by hydrothermal method and then annealed in nitrogen atmosphere. At 1.5 V versus RHE, the photocurrent density of the optimal lactic acid modified hematite photoanode (0.075LA-Fe2O3) was 1.5 mA cm− 2, which was three times that of the based hematite (0.5 mA cm− 2). The enhanced photoelectrocatalytic performance of the lactic acid modified hematite was attributed to its increased bulk charge separation efficiency caused by the oxygen vacancies and island-like pattern, as well as its improved surface charge injection efficiency. The effect of lactic acid on the morphology, crystalline structure and photoelectrocatalytic performance of the hematite photoanode are studied by systematical characterization.

Eu3+-doped La2Ti6O15 nanoparticles were prepared by the sol-gel process. The phase-formations, crystal structure, photoluminescence properties, and lighting application were reported. La2Ti6O15 has band energy of 3.6 eV, which can be narrowed with the increase of Eu3+-doping in the lattices. A broad intrinsic emission band (400–750 nm) peaked at 515 nm was observed at 300 K Eu3+-doped La2Ti6O15 phosphors present bright red-luminescence from 5D0→7F2 transitions (615 nm). The luminescence has an excellent thermal stability performance with an activation energy of ΔE = 0.33 eV. Importantly, it fits well with the commercial LED-chip because of its efficient excitation in blue (465 nm) and near-UV region (395 nm). Red-LED device packaged with the optimal phosphor was achieved with luminous efficiency of 43.75 lm/W. It was suggested that La2Ti6O15:Eu3+ could be a potential candidate for fabricating high-power warm white-LEDs.

This work provides a facile anodic electrodeposition method for synthesizing carbon coated α-Fe2O3 photoanode followed by annealing treatment with argon atmosphere. Compared with bare hematite photoanode, the carbon coated α-Fe2O3 photoanodes annealed at lower temperature (Fe2O3/C-L) and higher temperature (Fe2O3/C-H) have higher photocurrent density as 0.3 and 0.5 mA cm−2 (at 1.23 V vs. RHE), respectively. The excellent PEC performance is attributed to the synergistic reaction of carbon and vacancy oxygen. The morphology and properties of the sample were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectra, X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectra, and photoelectrical measurements.

We report a promising simple strategy for improving the performance of the photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. Three-dimentional hierarchical ZnO nanoflake arrays with abundant porosity and small thickness on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrate (FTO) was prepared with electrodeposition. The ZnO nanoflake-based photoanode exhibits superior photoresponse and PEC capability. Furthermore, the ZnO photoanode sensitized by carbon quantum dots (CQDs) can further PEC performance due to the narrower bandgap of CQDs and the improved efficiency of photogenerated electrons transfer from CQDs to ZnO nanostructures. The morphology and properties of the sample were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cross-section SEM, UV–vis spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), FT-IR, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and electrical measurements.

Patients with extensive deep burns often lack enough autologous skin to cover the wounds. This study explores a new method using microskin in combination with autologous keratinocytes in the treatment of extensive deep burn. Wounds in the combination group were treated with automicroskin at an area expansion ratio of 20:1 (wound area to automicroskin area) and autologous keratinocyte suspension, which were compared with the following treatments: no autotransplant, only allografts (control group); autologous keratinocyte suspension only (keratinocyte only group); automicroskin at an area expansion ratio of 20:1 (20:1 group); and automicroskin at an area expansion ratio of 10:1 (10:1 group, positive control). The authors used epithelialization rate (epithelialized area on day 21 divided by original wound area), hematoxylin and eosin staining, laminin, and type IV collagen immunohistochemistry to assess wound healing. The epithelialization rate of combination group (74.2% ± 8.0%) was similar to that of 10: 1 group (84.3% ± 11.9%, P = .085) and significantly (P < .05) higher than that of 20:1 group (59.2% ± 10.8%), keratinocyte only group (53.8% ± 11.5%), and control group (22.7% ± 5.5%). The hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry showed the epithelialization in the combination group was better than that in the keratinocyte only group and control group. Microskin in combination with autologous keratinocyte suspension can promote the reepithelialization of full-thickness wounds and reduce the requirements for automircoskin, and it is a useful option in the treatment of extensive deep burns.

Eu2+/Ga3+ co-doped Na2ZrSi2O7 phosphors were prepared via a facile solid-state reaction route. The structural characteristics, photoluminescence spectra, and application performances of Na2-x Eu x Zr1-x Ga x Si2O7 (x= 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10) were investigated. The main motivation of Ga3+ co-doping on Zr4+ is to eliminate the charge imbalance created by the aliovalent substitution of Eu2+ on Na+ sites in the lattices. The results indicated that the Eu2+/Ga3+ co-doped Na2ZrSi2O7 kept a good esseneite-like structure with a triclinic space group of P-1. The phosphor presents a narrow cyan-emitting band centered at 485 nm under near-UV light excitation. The luminescence efficiency of Eu2+ activator was significantly improved through the co-doping of Ga3+ for Zr4+ ions in Na2ZrSi2O7. The maximum luminescence absolute quantum efficiency of 43% was observed in Na2-x Eu x Zr1-x Ga x Si2O7 (x = 0.1) under the excitation of the near-UV light. The phosphor has good thermal stability with an activation energy of 0.31 eV. To realize charge compensation via cation co-substitution could be a practical strategy to improve luminescence in Eu2+-activated phosphors on aliovalent sites.