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The 2022 (M 6.8) Luding earthquake on the Xianshuihe Fault Zone (XFZ) caused severe casualties and property losses, and surface deformation and damage of which is crucial for studying the earthquake hazard assessment. However, few intensive scientific understanding has obtained to date because of widespread coronavirus transmission, strong vegetation coverage, and post-earthquake paralyzed traffic. By integrating high-resolution satellite images, large-scale geomorphic mapping, and UAV surveys, we constrain coseismic fractures and ruptures along an NW-SE-trending surface deformation zone, with discontinuous geomorphic scarps, en echelon cracks, and bulges concentrated in the areas of Yanzigou, Moxi, Menghugang, and Xingfu villages near the epicenter. Field observation also shows that the zone extends nearly parallel to the pre-existing XFZ with a length of ∼35 km with variable widths and a maximum vertical displacement of ∼100 ± 10 cm. The earthquake-induced surface coseismic effects, such as landslides, rock falls, and collapses, caused damage to the area. The amplification effect of the topography and the improper aseismic design and poor constructions may be responsible for the spatial distribution of MM Intensity IX, which is larger than other previous earthquakes that occurred in the surrounding area with a similar tectonic setting.

BACKGROUND: The discovery of agricultural fungicide candidates from natural products is one of the key strategies for developing environment friendly agricultural fungicides with high efficiency, high selectivity and unique modes‐of‐action. Based on previous work, a series of novel α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone (MBL) derivatives containing benzothiophene moiety were designed and synthesized. RESULTS: The majority of the proposed compounds displayed moderate to considerable antifungal efficacy against the tested pathogenic fungi and oomycetes, some exhibiting broad spectrum antifungal activity. Notably, compounds 2 (3‐F‐Ph) and 7 (4‐Cl‐Ph) showed excellent antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia with half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.94 and 0.99 mg L−1, respectively, comparable to the commercial fungicide tebuconazole (EC50 = 0.96 mg L−1), and also displayed significant inhibitory effects against V alsa mali with EC50 values of 2.26 and 1.67 mg L−1, respectively – better than famoxadone and carabrone. The in vivo protective and curative effects against R. solani of compound 2 were 57.2% and 53.7% at 100 mg L−1, respectively, which were equivalent to tebuconazole (51.6% and 52.4%). Further investigations found that compound 2 altered the ultrastructure of R. solani cell, significantly increased the relative conductivity of the cells, and reduced the activity of complex III in a dose‐dependent manner. Molecular docking results showed that compound 2 matched well with the Qo pocket. CONCLUSION: The results revealed that MBL derivatives containing benzothiophene moiety are promising antifungal candidates and provide a new backbone structure for further optimization of novel fungicides. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The slip rate of strike-slip active faults is crucial for fault rupture behavior analysis and seismic hazard assessment. Although many segments of the Yilan-Yitong Fault Zone (YYFZ) in NE China have been strongly deformed since the late Quaternary, little progress has been made on its slip rate. With the help of highresolution satellite images, detailed field investigations, seismic reflections, and Quaternary chronological dating, we mainly studied the late Quaternary rightslip rate of the YYFZ. Field investigations revealed an ~15 km long by ~1-2 m high-surface scarp belt extending along the Tangyuan graben interior, with a series of sag ponds and small parallel bulges. Research has revealed that the most recent paleoearthquake (~M 7.0) occurred between 2,800± 600 a BP and 1,700 ± 200 a BP, with evidence of coseismic surface rupture. The T2 terrace abandonment age of the Heijin River is approximately 55.13 ± 1.78 ka (OSL), and the maximum cumulative right-lateral offset may reach 110 ±5 m. Thus, the maximum right-slip rate of the Tangyuan segment of the YYFZ since the late Quaternary is constrained to 1-2 mm/a according to the upper terrace model. This study suggests that the presence of a new fault in the basin interior merits more attention when assessing the influential surface range and earthquake potential along the YYFZ, and the features of "low tectonic loading rate, activity migration in space, and clustering in time separated by ten thousand years of seismic quiescence" observed along the YYFZ are highly important for earthquake model construction and tectonic deformation studies in stable continental regions (SCRs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]