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Multi‐resonance (MR) based organoboron emitters exhibiting high‐efficiency narrowband thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have become a critical material component for constructing high‐performance organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high color purity and high color gamut. However, most of the MR‐TADF devices suffer from severe efficiency roll‐off at high current density due to the relatively large singlet–triplet splitting energy, long excited state lifetime, and slow reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC). Herein, by utilizing a sulfur atom‐fused donor unit, 7H‐benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3‐b]carbazole, an organic boron emitter (BTC‐BNCz) capable of high efficiency and low efficiency roll‐off narrowband TADF emission is developed. Benefitting from the heavy atom effect of the sulfur atom, kRISC up to 1.6 × 105 s−1 is achieved, which could greatly reduce the undesired quenching effect. Consequently, the OLED using BTC‐BNCz as dopant exhibits high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 27.0% with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 35 nm. Moreover, by utilizing a TADF material with a high horizontal dipole ratio as assistant host, outstanding device performance is achieved with a maximum EQE of 35.2% and FWHM of 37 nm, featuring slow efficiency roll‐off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemokine receptors play crucial roles in fundamental biological processes. Their malfunction may result in many diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and HIV. The oligomerization of chemokine receptors holds significant functional implications that directly affect their signaling patterns and pharmacological responses. However, the oligomerization patterns of many chemokine receptors remain poorly understood. Furthermore, several chemokine receptors have highly truncated isoforms whose functional role is not yet clear. Here, we computationally show homo- and heterodimerization patterns of four human chemokine receptors, namely CXCR2, CXCR7, CCR2, and CCR7, along with their interaction patterns with their respective truncated isoforms. By combining the neural network-based AlphaFold2 and physics-based protein–protein docking tool ClusPro, we predicted 15 groups of complex structures and assessed the binding affinities in the context of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Our results are in agreement with previous experimental observations and support the dynamic and diverse nature of chemokine receptor dimerization, suggesting possible patterns of higher-order oligomerization. Additionally, we uncover the strong potential of truncated isoforms to block homo- and heterodimerization of chemokine receptors, also in a dynamic manner. Our study provides insights into the dimerization patterns of chemokine receptors and the functional significance of their truncated isoforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: There are few reports on the breeding of high‐yielding tetramethylpyrazine (TTMP) strains in strong‐flavor Daqu. In addition, studies on the mechanism of TTMP production in strains are mostly based on common physiological and biochemical indicators, and there is no report on RNA level. Therefore, in this study, a strain with high production of TTMP was screened out from strong‐flavor liquor, and transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed to analyze its key metabolic pathways and key genes, and to infer the mechanism of TTMP production in the strain. RESULTS: In this study, a strain with a high yield of tetramethylpyrazine (TTMP) was screened out, and the yield was 29.83 μg mL−1. The identified strain was Bacillus velezensis, which could increase the content of TTMP in liquor by about 88%. After transcriptome sequencing, a total of 1851 differentially expressed genes were screened, including 1055 up‐regulated genes and 796 down‐regulated genes. Three pathways related to the production of TTMP were identified by gene ontology (GO) annotation and COG annotation, including carbohydrate metabolism, cell movement and amino acid metabolism. The key genes of TTMP were analyzed, and the factors that might regulate the production of TTMP, such as the transfer of uracil phosphate ribose and glycosyltransferase, were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: A strain of B. velezensis with high TTMP production was screened and identified in strong‐flavor Daqu for the first time. The yield of TTMP was 29.83 μg mL−1, which increased the TTMP content in liquor by 88%. The key metabolic pathways of TTMP production in the strain were obtained: carbohydrate metabolism, cell movement and amino acid metabolism, and the key regulatory genes of each pathway were found, which complemented the gap in gene level in the production regulation of the strain, and provided a theoretical basis for the subsequent study of TTMP in liquor. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent agriculture has become the development trend of agriculture in the future, and it has a wide range of research and application scenarios. Using machine learning to complete basic tasks for people has become a reality, and this ability is also used in machine vision. In order to save the time in the fruit picking process and reduce the cost of labor, the robot is used to achieve the automatic picking in the orchard environment. Cherry target detection algorithms based on deep learning are proposed to identify and pick cherries. However, most of the existing methods are aimed at relatively sparse fruits and cannot solve the detection problem of small and dense fruits. In this paper, we propose a cherry detection model based on YOLOv5s. First, the shallow feature information is enhanced by convolving the feature maps sampled by two times down in BackBone layer of the original network model to the input end of the second and third CSP modules. In addition, the depth of CSP module is adjusted and RFB module is added in feature extraction stage to enhance feature extraction capability. Finally, Soft- Non-Maximum Suppression (Soft-NMS) is used to minimize the target loss caused by occlusion. We test the performance of the model, and the results show that the improved YOLOv5s-cherry model has the best detection performance for small and dense cherry detection, which is conducive to intelligent picking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a multi-user multiple-input single-output downlink system aided by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). Users' sum rate and transmit power are two important performance indicators in such systems. However, most existing works only optimize one of them, resulting in severe performance degradation of the other. Motivated by this, in this paper, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem to maximize the sum rate of users and minimize the transmit power simultaneously. According to our early work on fitness landscape analysis of sum rate maximization problems, the proposed problem is inferred to be multi-modal. To solve this non-convex and multi-modal problem, we propose a novel multi-objective evolutionary hybrid beamforming (MEHB) framework to find different trade-off solutions between the two conflicting objectives. In particular, we employ different kinds of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms and multi-modal multi-objective evolutionary algorithms as the baseline of MEHB framework, so as to design the passive beamforming. And the active beamforming at the base station is optimized by the classical zero-forcing method. The simulation results have verified the effectiveness of the dominance-based evolutionary algorithms in handling hybrid beamforming problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoelectric (TE) technology can realize direct conversion of widely distributed heat into useful electricity, which provides a promising route to solve the global energy crisis that is increasingly severe. However, it is extremely complex and time‐consuming to discover advanced TE materials via conventional trial‐and‐error approaches. In this work, using a pre‐trained neural network architecture for the electronic bandgap, a transfer learning (TL) strategy that allows ready and accurate prediction on the ZT values of any TE materials at arbitrary temperature is proposed. Compared with direct machine learning algorithms, the TL‐driven model exhibits significantly enhanced predictive power beyond the initial dataset, as characterized by improved Pearson correlation coefficient (reduced mean absolute error) from 23% to 95% (0.35 to 0.07) for the p‐type systems, and 46% to 94% (0.23 to 0.06) for the n‐type systems. By screening 6353 possible candidates in the AFLOW repository that having relatively smaller gaps, 925 p‐type and 788 n‐type systems are quickly identified to exhibit ZT exceeding 2.0. Equally importantly, the established TL model is highly adaptable to ZT prediction in an even larger search space, where the constituent atoms and/or stoichiometric compositions of the screened systems may be variously tuned to further optimize their TE performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purely organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials generally exhibit low phosphorescence quantum yield (ϕP) and long phosphorescence lifetime (τP) due to the theoretically spin‐forbidden triplet state. Herein, by introducing a donor–acceptor (D–A) skeleton with a phenoxaselenine donor, three nonaromatic amine donor containing compounds with high ϕP and short τP in amorphous films are developed. Besides the enhanced spin–orbit coupling (SOC) by the heavy‐atom effect of selenium, the D–A skeleton which facilitates orbital angular momentum change can further boost SOC, and severe nonradiative energy dissipation is also suppressed by the rigid molecular structure. Consequently, a record‐high external quantum efficiency of 19.5% are achieved for the RTP organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) based on 2‐(phenoxaselenin‐3‐yl)‐4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (PXSeDRZ). Moreover, voltage‐dependent color‐tunable emission and single‐molecule white emission are also realized. These results shed light on the broad prospects of purely organic phosphorescence materials as highly efficient OLED emitters especially for potential charming lighting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a bi-objective optimization model was established to solve the cooperative distribution problem of a multi-center hybrid fleet by integrating reverse logistics under real-time road conditions. According to the characteristics of the problem and considering the power level and battery capacity of electric vehicles, the multi-objective immune genetic algorithm (MOIGA) was designed and compared with an elitist strategy genetic algorithm, i.e., the fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The scale of the MOIGA solution set exceeded that of the NSGA-II, which proved that the global search ability of MOIGA was better than that of the NSGA-II. The operating efficiency of the MOIGA was lower than that of the NSGA-II, but it could also find the optimal solution within an acceptable time range. This method can reduce the total cost of operating a hybrid fleet and can meet the needs of customers, and therefore, improve customer satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition metals and PFRs mainly participated in the single-electron pathway via activating PMS to generate a large amount of ROS, while the graphitic N -containing carbon matrix with π-π* shake up and C O groups acted as the electron mediator to favor the two-electron transfer and directly oxidized the BHA through the ternary activated outer-sphere complexes. [Display omitted] • The introducing of carbon source changed the surface electrification. • Both single-electron and two-electron pathway involved in the oxidation process. • PFRs and transition metals could activate PMS to produce abundant ROS. • N -containing carbon with prone to act as electron mediator and sacrifier. In this study, a novel carbon-wrapped-iron hierarchical porous catalyst (Fe/C-Mn 800) was prepared from electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) and sewage sludge (SS), which showed outstanding degradation ability toward benzohydroxamic acid (BHA, nearly 90 % was removed within 60 min) with low metal leaching rate. Mechanism exploration found transition metal ions (Fe and Mn) can serve as electron acceptors and facilitate the generation of persistent free radicals (PFRs). These transition metal ions and PFRs mainly participated in the single-electron pathway via activating PMS to generate a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While the electron negative graphitic N and C O groups not only improve the electronegatively of catalyst, but also acted as the electron sacrificers to favor the electron transfer and directly oxidized the absorbed BHA through the ternary activated outer-sphere complexes. Eley–Rideal (E-R) and Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L-H) analysis further demonstrated the crucial role of pre-adsorption during the degradation process. This work provided a deep insight into the degradation mechanism of metal/carbon composite and promising opportunity widened the horizon of the high-value utilization of EMR and SS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing organic near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent materials to confront the formidable barrier of "energy gap law" remains challenging. Herein, two NIR thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules named T‐β‐IQD and TIQD were developed by connecting N,N‐diphenylnaphthalen‐2‐amine and triphenylamine with a novel electron withdrawing unit 6‐(4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl)‐6H‐indolo[2,3‐b]quinoxaline‐2,3‐dicarbonitrile. It is confirmed NIR‐TADF emitters concurrent with aggregation‐induced emission effect, J‐aggregate with intra‐ and intermolecular CN⋅⋅⋅H−C and C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions, and large center‐to‐center distance in solid states can boost the emissive efficiencies both in thin films and non‐doped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Consequently, the T‐β‐IQD‐based non‐doped NIR‐OLED achieved the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 9.44 % with emission peak at 711 nm, which is one of the highest efficiencies reported to date for non‐doped NIR‐OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing organic near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent materials to confront the formidable barrier of "energy gap law" remains challenging. Herein, two NIR thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules named T‐β‐IQD and TIQD were developed by connecting N,N‐diphenylnaphthalen‐2‐amine and triphenylamine with a novel electron withdrawing unit 6‐(4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl)‐6H‐indolo[2,3‐b]quinoxaline‐2,3‐dicarbonitrile. It is confirmed NIR‐TADF emitters concurrent with aggregation‐induced emission effect, J‐aggregate with intra‐ and intermolecular CN⋅⋅⋅H−C and C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions, and large center‐to‐center distance in solid states can boost the emissive efficiencies both in thin films and non‐doped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Consequently, the T‐β‐IQD‐based non‐doped NIR‐OLED achieved the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 9.44 % with emission peak at 711 nm, which is one of the highest efficiencies reported to date for non‐doped NIR‐OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly efficient organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emitters for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) generally consist of a twisted donor–acceptor skeleton with aromatic amine donors. Herein, through introducing sulfur atoms into isomeric pentaphene and pentacene frameworks, we demonstrate a set of polycyclic luminophores exhibiting efficient TADF and RTP characters. The incorporation of sulfur atoms confirms a folded molecular plane, while intensifies singlet–triplet spin‐orbit coupling. Further, the isomeric effect has a significant effect on the electronic structure of excited state, giving rise to the investigated compounds tunable luminescence mechanisms of TADF and RTP. With efficient triplet harvesting ability, maximum external quantum efficiencies up to 25.1 % and 8.7 % are achieved for the corresponding TADF and RTP OLEDs, verifying the great potential of sulfur‐bridged frameworks for highly efficient devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly efficient organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emitters for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) generally consist of a twisted donor–acceptor skeleton with aromatic amine donors. Herein, through introducing sulfur atoms into isomeric pentaphene and pentacene frameworks, we demonstrate a set of polycyclic luminophores exhibiting efficient TADF and RTP characters. The incorporation of sulfur atoms confirms a folded molecular plane, while intensifies singlet–triplet spin‐orbit coupling. Further, the isomeric effect has a significant effect on the electronic structure of excited state, giving rise to the investigated compounds tunable luminescence mechanisms of TADF and RTP. With efficient triplet harvesting ability, maximum external quantum efficiencies up to 25.1 % and 8.7 % are achieved for the corresponding TADF and RTP OLEDs, verifying the great potential of sulfur‐bridged frameworks for highly efficient devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virus-like particles (VLP) are a promising tool for intracellular gene delivery, yet their potential in ocular gene therapy remains underexplored. In this study, we bridged this knowledge gap by demonstrating the successful generation and application of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG)-pseudotyped mouse PEG10 (MmPEG10)-VLP for intraocular mRNA delivery. Our findings revealed that PEG10-VLP can efficiently deliver GFP mRNA to adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line-19 (ARPE-19) cells, leading to transient expression. Moreover, we showed that MmPEG10-VLP can transfer SMAD7 to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in RPE cells effectively. In vivo experiments further substantiated the potential of these vectors, as subretinal delivery into adult mice resulted in efficient transduction of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and GFP reporter gene expression without significant immune response. However, intravitreal injection did not yield efficient ocular expression. We also evaluated the transduction characteristics of MmPEG10-VLP following intracameral delivery, revealing transient GFP protein expression in corneal endothelial cells without significant immunotoxicities. In summary, our study established that VSVG pseudotyped MmPEG10-based VLP can transduce mitotically inactive RPE cells and corneal endothelial cells in vivo without triggering an inflammatory response, underscoring their potential utility in ocular gene therapy. • MmPEG10-VLP can efficiently deliver mRNA to ARPE-19 cells, leading to transient expression. • Subretinal delivery of MmPEG10-VLP resulted in efficient transduction of RPE cells without significant immune response. • Intracameral delivery of MmPEG10-VLP revealed transgene expression in corneal endothelial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meta-analysis is commonly used to synthesize multiple results from individual studies. However, its validation is usually threatened by publication bias and between-study heterogeneity, which can be captured by the Copas selection model. Existing inference methods under this model are all based on conditional likelihood and may not be fully efficient. In this paper, we propose a full likelihood approach to meta-analysis by integrating the conditional likelihood and a marginal semi-parametric empirical likelihood under a Copas-like selection model. We show that the maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) of all the underlying parameters have a jointly normal limiting distribution, and the full likelihood ratio follows an asymptotic central chi-square distribution. Our simulation results indicate that compared with the conditional likelihood method, the proposed MLEs have smaller mean squared errors and the full likelihood ratio confidence intervals have more accurate coverage probabilities. A real data example is analyzed to show the advantages of the full likelihood method over the conditional likelihood method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc air battery (ZAB) has widely recognized advantages such as high theoretical energy density, environmental friendliness, and safety. However, its cathodic reactions involve sluggish four-electron process oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR and OER). Therefore, developing a cheap, efficient and durable dual functional oxygen electrocatalyst has important scientific significance and practical value for the development of ZAB. Herein, we applied noble metal free medium-entropy alloy (CoFeNi) nanoparticles which were in embedded nitrogen doped carbon framework (N-PCF) as a highly active and ultra-stable bifunctional electrocatalyst. The CoFeNi@N-PCF was prepared by high temperature thermal shock approach from ion-exchanged ZIF percussor to ensure the uniform dispersion of medium-entropy alloy, hierarchical porosity and strong metal-support interaction. Due to the medium-entropy induced synergistic effects, the as-prepared bifunctional electrocatalyst has a large ORR onset potential (E onset) of 0.92 V and half-wave potential (E 1/2) of 0.85 V (vs. RHE) in 0.1 M KOH. And the overpotential of OER in 1.0 M KOH is only 320 mV at 10 mA cm−2. When used in ZAB, the as-assembled rechargeable ZAB with the self-supported air electrode provides an extremely high-power density of 203 mW cm−2, a superior specific capacity of 812 mAh g−1, and amazing cycled steadily for 600 h. The assembled flexible ZAB with CoFeNi@N-PCF exhibits an excellent stability (over 45 h) and the excellent bending ability under different angles. This work can provide some new insights into the design and preparation of advanced bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for next-generation metal-air batteries. [Display omitted] • CoFeNi@N-PCF is developed via the thermal shock strategy in milliseconds. • CoFeNi@N-PCF shows encouraging ORR and OER performance. • CoFeNi@N-PCF with the tailored electron structure furnishes extraordinary electrochemical activity. • Rechargeable aqueous and flexible Zn-air batteries with CoFeNi@N-PCF display remarkable performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of organic pollutants by biochar has been extensively studied. However, the differences in the removal mechanisms of contaminants by biochar obtained from different preparation techniques have not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, the catalytic performances of hydrochar (HC) and pyrochar (PC) were compared in the dark and light. Owing to more persistent free radicals (PFRs), greater defects and stronger charge transfer ability on the surface, PC could produce a certain concentration of superoxide radicals (•O 2 −) even in the dark, making its degradation efficiency for benzoic acid (BA) 11% higher than that of HC. On the contrary, when the light was turned on, HC rather than PC can generate a higher amount of hydroxyl radical (•OH), resulting in an 11% higher degradation efficiency of BA compared to PC. The improvement of catalytic performance in HC originated from its oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs), which was beneficial for its effective production of singlet oxygen (1O 2) and ·OH under light exposure. For PC, its photocatalytic activity depended mainly on the formation of 1O 2 induced by the triplet of DOM (dissolved organic matter), but the lack of oxidative ·OH in its system leads to a lower degradation efficiency than that of HC. To prove the universal applicability of this rule for biochar materials, HC and PC materials obtained from soybean residue were also prepared for degrading BA. This work is devoted to an in-depth exploration of the catalytic activation mechanism of biochar obtained by different technological methods, and can create conditions for the generation of more dominant reactive oxygen species (ROS) on biochar, thus providing the guidance for environmental remediation. [Display omitted] • The introduction of visible light significantly increased the degradation efficiency of BA in both HC and PC samples. • PC has a higher removal efficiency of BA in the dark. • HC can promote the generation of.•OH and 1O 2 through lighting-induced energy and electron exchange processes, resulting in a strong catalytic performance. • Non-radical pathway is the dominant pathway for BA degradation in the PC system. • Radical pathway (·OH) plays a major role in the removal of BA in the HC system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The validation of diagnostic test meta-analysis is often threatened by publication bias, which can be commonly characterized by the Copas selection model. Under this model, conventional approaches to diagnostic meta-analysis are based on conditional likelihood. Since they may have efficiency loss, we propose a full likelihood diagnostic meta-analysis method by integrating the usual conditional likelihood and a marginal semi-parametric empirical likelihood. We show that the resulting maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) have a jointly normal limiting distribution, and the resulting likelihood ratio follows a central chisquare limiting distribution. Our numerical studies indicate that the proposed MLEs often have smaller mean square errors than the conditional likelihood MLEs. The full likelihood ratio interval estimators generally have more accurate coverage probabilities than the conditional-likelihood-based Wald intervals. We re-study two real meta analyses on influenza and mental health respectively for illustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adverse aggregated‐caused quenching (ACQ) problem of most electroluminescent materials existing in highly doped thin films is one of the key factors impeding the commercialization of high‐efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) panel. Whereas, by delicately constructing and modulating moderate intermolecular interactions, some aggregates have been demonstrated to present distinct luminescent properties such as tunable emission spectra, improved photoluminescence quantum yields, different emission mechanism and enhanced horizontal transition dipole ratio (Θ) of emitting layer, providing feasible solution for ACQ problem. The luminescence from newly generated emissive state in aggregates is different from the traditional “isolated” molecules in organic electronics and will possess novel properties and applications. Herein, we summarize the different types of intermolecular interactions within emitter aggregates exhibiting distinct luminescent mechanisms, as well as their effects on photoluminescent and electroluminescent properties, offering reliable reference for the advancement of highly efficient OLEDs utilizing aggregated emitters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The astrophysical r process plays a vital role in the production of heavy elements. Modeling of the r process is sensitive to masses and further requires knowledge of masses beyond current experimental reach. Therefore, simulations of the r process offer a unique test bed for predicting mass extrapolations. We take a Machine-Learning (ML) approach to model the masses across the entire chart of nuclides. For the first time, we simulate r -process nucleosynthesis with a physics-based ML mass model. We compare simulated abundances to solar data in order to evaluate the model's performance far from stability. The resulting r -process abundances up to thorium and uranium qualitatively match those of the observed solar system abundance pattern, with the characteristic peaks well positioned. We propagate the mass uncertainties obtained from the ML model to r -process abundance yields to estimate an uncertainty band associated with our approach. The size of the uncertainty band is approximately one order of magnitude which aligns with the uncertainty reported using alternative techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FA makes FMB produce more oxygen vacancies, which is conducive to the generation of singlet oxygen to degrade AAF.Futhermore, The FA binding on the surface of FMB accelerates the electron cycling between Fe and Mn. [Display omitted] • FA optimized the morphology structure of FMB to ordered layered structure from disordered agglomerate. • FA-FMB had more oxygen vacancies for the generation of 1O 2. • The redox groups of FA could accelerate the reduction of Fe/Mn. • The stability and reusabitily of FMB were improved by compounding FA. The co-existing dissolved oxygen matters exhibited various influences on peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation and organic contaminants degradation by the Fe/Mn based catalysts. This study has successfully constructed a Fe-Mn bimetallic catalyst (FMB)/PMS system to degrade aniline aerofloat (AAF). It was found the fulvic acid (FA) elevated the degradation efficiency of AAF (100 mg/L) from 73.54 % to 97.81 % within 10 min accompanied by the kinetic constant (k obs) increased from 0.237 min−1 to 0.638 min−1. The characterization and experimental results demonstrated that the FA-FMB exhibited a superior morphology and structure compared with FMB, contributing to a larger specific surface area (SSA). Meanwhile, FA introduced abundant oxygen vacancies (O V) into FA-FMB, facilitating the adsorption of PMS and the generation of abundant singlet oxygen (1O 2) during the reaction process. While, the 1O 2 played a dominant role in the AAF degradation. Furthermore, the active electron-donating groups in FA endow its enhanced reduction effect on Fe/Mn to promote the activation of PMS by Fe-Mn binary catalyst. This study has provided deep insights into the effect of FA on PMS activation by Fe-Mn bimetallic catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon/metal catalyst has gained increasing attention due to its outstanding properties such as high activation capacity and environmental friendliness, while the nonmetallic heteroatom doped into the carbon matrix could further improve its performance. This study prepared a well-performing N, S double doping-carbon/metal composite catalyst by calcinating the spent metal-based adsorbents for organics. The composite catalyst showed improving catalytic performance with a carbon-wrapped Fe and Mn particle structure. For the degradation of 100 mg/L butyl amine (BA), such the composite catalyst delivered a high removal efficiency of 90% within 30 min in the presence of 0.2 g/L oxidant and 0.4 g/L catalyst at 25 °C and original pH value. Reactive species including SO 4 •-, •OH, O 2 •- and 1O 2 contributed to the decomposition of BA molecules. In-depth mechanism exploration has shown that the carbon networks could serve as the electron-transfer mediator to accelerate the degradation rate and enhance the anti-interference ability of the degradation system. At the same time, the generation of metal-free active sites of N and S also assisted the BA degradation, in which pyrrole N, S 2 2− and S n 2− with stronger reducibility played crucial roles in the degradation process. This study has provided new insight and a novel approach for reusing exhausted environmental remediation materials to construct efficient advanced oxidation catalysts. Fe and Mn exist as the form of α-Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 and Mn 3 O 4 in MS-N3H/C-1 would quickly activate PMS molecules to boost the generation of ROS such as O 2 •- and 1O 2. While sulfur could accelerate the cycling of metal (Fe and Mn) electron pairs between high-valent and low-valent. On the other hand, the N-containing carbon matrix with highly positively charged carbon regions could trap both PMS and BA molecules to trigger the direct-electron oxidation pathway, in which carbon act as electron transfer mediator. [Display omitted] • Both radicals and non-radical have participated in the BA oxidation process. • Pyrrole N, S 2 2− and S n 2− played crucial role in the degradation process. • The S2, S3, H6 and P1 sites of BA molecule were favored to be attacked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the development of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high efficiency and minimal efficiency roll‐off, fast reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) in multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials is critical. The RISC process is typically hindered by insufficient spin‐orbital coupling (SOC). Incorporating heavy atom selenium into the MR‐TADF structure has the potential to enhance SOC through the heavy atom effect. However, the specific placement of selenium within the molecule results in different enhancements of SOC, with the detailed interplay between these factors yet to be elucidated. The introduction of a selenium‐containing moiety, phenoxaselenine, into the MR‐TADF structure at different substituted positions is undertaken, revealing that the molecule with 3‐substituted phenoxaselenine exhibits faster RISC transition and a significant increase in SOC between higher triplet excited states and S1 state, compared to the molecule with 2‐substituted phenoxaselenine. Significantly reduced efficiency roll‐off is achieved for the narrow‐band emission OLEDs based on the molecule with 3‐substituted phenoxaselenine owing to the enhanced heavy atom effect, giving an impressive external quantum efficiency above 20% even under 10 000 cd m−2 in the corresponding OLED device. These results underscore the potential of strategic heavy atom effect manipulation in MR‐TADF materials for efficient spin‐flipping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In purely organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials, fluorescence radiative transitions generally compete against inter‐system crossing (ISC) transitions to give fluorescence/phosphorescence dual emission. In order to achieve pure phosphorescence in RTP organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), extended π‐conjugation is introduced into Se‐containing donors to suppress the fluorescence radiative transitions by the symmetry excited state orbitals in the introduced π–π* transitions that cancel the overlap of the orbitals, and two novel nonaromatic amine donor containing orange RTP emitters namely 2‐(benzo[c]phenoxaselenin‐10‐yl)‐4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (BPXSeDRZ) and 2‐(dibenzo[a,c]phenoxaselenin‐11‐yl)‐4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (DBPXSeDRZ) are developed, both of which exhibit efficient orange pure phosphorescence in doped films thanks to the sufficient ISC transitions. As a result, high external quantum efficiencies of 17.2% and 17.9% are respectively achieved for the orange RTP‐OLEDs based on BPXSeDRZ and DBPXSeDRZ for the first time, and they also exhibit stable pure electro‐phosphorescence spectra in a wide driving voltage. Moreover, by adopting DBPXSeDRZ as a sensitizer to harvest the triplet excitons and tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene as a conventional fluorescent emitter, the external quantum efficiency of the sensitized red fluorescent OLED can be elevated to 10.1%, which greatly expands the potential applications of the metal‐free phosphors in OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of boronic ester substitution on the room-temperature phosphorescence properties of phenoxathiine-based derivatives was thoroughly investigated. A significantly improved phosphorescence quantum efficiency of up to 20% in the crystalline state was achieved by delicate molecular manipulation for both enhanced spin–orbital coupling and compact intermolecular packing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Ocular surface disease is one major type of eye diseases. Different etiologies trigger distinct pathological responses of the ocular surface. We previously reported that genetically engineered mice with ablation of Prickle 1 manifested precocious eyelid opening with ensuing cornea dysplasia. The current study aimed to characterize the molecular traits and the direct cause of ocular pathology associated with precocious eyelid opening in the Prickle 1 mutant mouse. Prickle 1 mutant mice exhibited a slew of ocular surface pathology including cell proliferation, cell fate transformation and inflammatory infiltration coinciding with the timing of the precocious eyelid opening. Forced eyelid opening in wild type mice did not induce cornea pathology comparable to that of the Prickle 1 mutants. Necrotic tissue debris was found associated with the lesioned cornea. RNAseq analysis of the mutant cornea revealed an expression profile shared by a range of dermatological diseases involving immune responses and cancer. Taken together, the data suggest that the necrotic eyelid debris plays an important role in ocular pathogenesis of the Prickle 1 mutant mouse, which may represent a type of non-infectious keratoconjunctivitis caused by damaged autologous tissues. Additionally, Prickle 1 mutant cornea pathogenesis may offer molecular insights into other types of epithelial pathogenesis. Highlights • A slew of ocular surface pathology coincides with the timing of the precocious eyelid opening in the Prickle 1 mutant mouse. • A shared expression profile between the mutant corneal pathology and a range of dermatological diseases is found. • The ocular pathology may represent a type of non-infectious keratoconjunctivitis caused by damaged autologous tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Direct Cr(VI) reduction played a key role for Bacillus sp. M6. • Both cell envelope and cytoplasm were the locations for Cr(VI) reduction. • Cr(III) coordinated with COOH and OH of Bacillus sp. M6. Abstract Biotreatment is an effective way in remediation of chromium(VI) (Cr(VI)) contamination, but its mechanism and reaction sites are still not clear. Herein, Bacillus sp. M6 was used as a model bacterium in this study to investigate the removal mechanism of Cr(VI) in solution. The results showed that the removal of Cr(VI) was attributed to direct reduction by Bacillus sp. M6, and the reduction locations occurred both on the cell envelope and in the cytoplasm. Meanwhile, bioanalysis of Bacillus sp. M6 by SEM-EDS and TEM-EDS, indicated that Cr(III)-containing precipitates distributed both on the surface and in the cytoplasm of Bacillus sp. In addition, XPS analysis demonstrated that the chromium could be bound to cells by coordination with functional groups (C-based and O-based) on the bacterial surface. This work offers a new and deep insight into the mechanism of Cr(VI) reduction by Bacillus sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cyclohexadienyl radicals (CHR) with both methyl and isopropyl substitutions are formed in the atmospheric oxidation of cyclohexadiene-type terpenes through hydrogen abstraction by OH radical. In this Letter , theoretical study is carried out on the reactions of O 2 with c -C 6 H 7 and 2-methyl-5-isopropyl-, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl, and 1-isopropyl-4-methyl-CHRs under the atmospheric conditions. Calculations show that the reaction of c -C 6 H 7 forms benzene and the reactions of three CHRs forms p -cymene + HO 2 with almost unit yield. The reaction of c -C 6 H 7 is much different to that of c -C 6 H 6 -OH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bandgap, figure-of-merit, high-throughput screening, thermoelectric materials, transfer learning Accelerated Discovery of Advanced Thermoelectric Materials via Transfer Learning (Adv. Keywords: bandgap; figure-of-merit; high-throughput screening; thermoelectric materials; transfer learning EN bandgap figure-of-merit high-throughput screening thermoelectric materials transfer learning 1 1 1 06/20/23 20230616 NES 230616 B Thermoelectrics b In article 2300049, Huijun Liu, Ying Fang, and co-workers leverage the knowledge from a pre-training on electronic bandgaps to propose a transfer learning strategy that allows ready and accurate predictions of the I ZT i values of any candidate materials at arbitrary temperature, which is very beneficial for the accelerated discovery of advanced thermoelectric materials. [Extracted from the article]

Audio copy-move forgery detection (CMFD), which aims at finding possible forgeries that are derived from the same audio recording, has been one of the most difficult challenges in blind audio forensics. However, the existing works rarely pay attention to the forgery of short slices within voiced segments, which may result in missed detection. In this work, we present a robust audio CMFD method on the basis of sliding window (SW) and constant Q cepstral coefficients (CQCC). Specifically, we first propose two SW strategies to illustrate how to reveal the possible copy-move forgeries within and between voiced segments. Then, we combine the CQCC feature with the Pearson correlation coefficients to measure the similarity between different short slices. Finally, we evaluate the proposed method, named SW-CQCC, against the state-of-the-art approaches to CMFD on real-world read English and Chinese corpora. Experimental results demonstrate that our SW-CQCC exhibits significantly high effectiveness and robustness in detecting short forged slices within voiced segments, which may be helpful to audio forensic examinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The degradation system could effectively remove BHA-metal complexes. • Acidic conditions were conducive to the removal of TOC, As (V) and Cr (VI). • Alkaline conditions promoted the immobilization of metal cations. • ΔG values of various BHA-metal complexes played key roles in TOC removal. • C–C, C O and Fe–O sites participated in the metals immobilization process. The organometal complexes pollution in beneficiation wastewater has aroused increasing attentions because they were difficult to remove by traditional technologies. In this study, eleven kind of benzohydroxamic acid (BHA)-metal (Pb2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Sb3+, Cr(Ⅵ) and As(V)) complexes were chosen to investigate their removal performance and mechanism in heterogeneous persulphate degradation system. The metal-biochar/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system showed the highest and worst total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency for BHA-Fe2+ (68.4%) and BHA-As(V) (22.8%), respectively. Meanwhile, the metal-biochar composite had different immobilization abilities toward multiple metal ions. Density functional theory (DFT) revealed that ΔG values of various BHA-metal complexes played key roles for TOC removal. While, metal adsorption was mainly depended on the functional groups on the catalyst surface. After the reaction, Cu, Pb, Fe, Sb, Cr and As mainly existed as residuals. Overall, this study has provided valuable and novel insights into the removal of BHA-metal complexes and broadened the practical applicability of the waste solid-based metal-biochar catalyst coupled with persulphate in beneficiation wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hosts with TADF, conventional fluorescence and RTP characters are developed. • Exciton utilization efficiency is improved by the host with TADF character. • An EQE of 36.1% was achieved for sky blue OLED with DspiroAc-TRZ as emitter. • An EQE of 34.0% was achieved for the sensitized device with v -DABNA dopant. Spiral donor units have attracted extensive research focuses in designing highly emissive thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. Herein, to reveal the significance of spiral donor units for constructing highly efficient host materials, several spiral donor-based host materials are developed. With the incorporation of spiral donor, increased intermolecular distance is achieved to reduce the concentration quenching effect of dopant. Moreover, the high triplet energy level of spiral donor can provide an additional energy transfer channel to further improve the device performance. Noteworthy, by connecting spiral donors or conventional carbazole unit with different electron-withdrawing units phenoxathiine 10,10-dioxide (PX) or phenoxathiine (PA), these hosts are given different photophysical properties of TADF, room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and conventional fluorescence (CF). The strong electron-withdrawing ability of PX is beneficial to the TADF character of spiral donor-based molecules, while the weak electron-withdrawing ability of PA is beneficial to the RTP property. Consequently, the blue OLEDs with DspiroAc-TRZ as a dopant emitter based on the hosts with TADF characters exhibit higher performance than those with RTP and CF properties, and excellent external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 36.1 % and current efficiency of 84.6 cd/A are achieved in a simple device structure. Furthermore, peak EQEs of 34.0 % and 33.0 % are achieved, when DspiroS-PX and DspiroS-PA hosted DspiroAc-TRZ are used to sensitize blue multi-resonance TADF emitter v -DABNA. Our work may shed new light on designing highly efficient host materials for TADF emitters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contamination of organoarsenic is becoming increasingly prominent while SR-AOPs were confirmed to be valid for their remediation. This study has found that the novel metal/carbon catalyst (Fe/C–Mn) prepared by solid waste with hierarchical pores could simultaneously degrade roxarsone (ROX) and remove As(V). A total of 95.6% of ROX (20 mg/L) could be removed at the concentration of 1.0 g/L of catalyst and 0.4 g/L of oxidant in the Fe/C–Mn/PMS system within 90 min. The scavenging experiment and electrochemical test revealed that both single-electron and two-electron pathways contributed to the ROX decomposition. Spectroscopic analysis suggested the ROX has been successfully mineralized while As(V) was fixed with the surface Fe and Mn. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation and chromatographic analysis indicated that the As7, N8, O9 and O10 sites of ROX molecule were vulnerable to being attacked by nucleophilic, electrophilic and radical, resulting in the formation of several intermediates such as phenolic compounds. Additionally, the low metal leaching concentration during recycling and high anti-interference ability in various water matrices manifested the practicability of Fe/C–Mn/PMS system. • The acidic condition was beneficial for the ROX degradation. • ROX has been mineralized while As(V) was fixed with the surface Fe. • Both single-electron and direct-electron ways contributed to the degradation. • The Fe/C–Mn could simultaneously degrade ROX and remove/fix As(V). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of vanadium doped cryptomelane-type manganese oxide (V-OMS-2) catalysts were prepared by a simple, low-cost reflux method, and investigated for one-pot imine synthesis from oxidative coupling of benzyl alcohol and aniline with air. The physicochemical properties of the V-OMS-2 catalysts were characterized by various techniques including XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, XPS, H 2 -TPR and NH 3 -TPD. It was found that the surface area, Lewis acid sites, the amount of Mn3+ component and active surface oxygen species were much improved with vanadium doping. Consequently, the activity of V-OMS-2 catalyst for oxidative coupling of benzyl alcohol and aniline to imine was enhanced. The highest conversion and the imine yield were obtained over the 3 mol% V-OMS-2 catalyst, being ∼99% and 92%, respectively. Higher vanadium doping (≥ 6 mol%), however, hindered the preservation of OMS-2 crystal structure, leading to a drop in the catalytic performance. The high specific surface area was suggested to be the key contributor to the high catalytic activity of 3% V-OMS-2(1) catalyst. Among the vanadium precursors studied, the catalyst prepared with vanadium pentoxide exhibited a much higher catalytic activity, which can be attributed to its larger surface area, unique mesoporous structure, increased Lewis acid sites and more readily available surface oxygen species. In addition, the stability and recyclability of the catalyst were also studied, and the reaction mechanism was discussed. • V-doped OMS-2 catalysts were studied for imine synthesis from air-oxidative coupling of benzyl alcohol and aniline. • 3%V-OMS-2(1) catalyst showed the best benzyl alcohol conversion of >99% and highest imine yield of 92%. • The activity promotion was related to the increased surface area, acid sites and active surface oxygen species by V doping. • The vanadium precursor influenced the V-OMS-2 catalyst structure and consequently its performance for imine synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The replacement of Mn to Fe in FeOOH could form O V -rich (Fe 0.67 Mn 0.33)OOH. • The surface metal−OH facilitated the production of •OH. • FeIII could be served as Lewis sites to facilitate the formation of (FeIII−PMS)−OH−. A novel ternary composite catalyst (FeOOH/Fe 2 O 3 /(Fe 0.67 Mn 0.33)OOH) directly prepared from electrolytic manganese residue was applied for terpineol degradation in this study. The reaction system could remove 76.8% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from simulated water containing terpineol (100 mg/L), while the degradation process could be accelerated under alkaline condition (84.6% at pH 9.0). The degradation performances of Fe 2 O 3 , FeOOH and (Fe 0.67 Mn 0.33)OOH indicated that the in-situ formed (Fe 0.67 Mn 0.33)OOH riched in oxygen vacancies (O V) could promote the PMS activation activity of catalyst mainly ascribed by enhancing interfacial electron transfer. The · OH was the primary active radical, the production of which was favored by the metal−OH. This ternary composite catalyst had anti-jamming ability toward most common ions. Further, this system also displayed an outstanding degradation ability for actual mineral processing wastewater (93.2% COD removal). The developed system expanded the horizon for the high-value utilization of metallurgical slag and the treatment of refractory organic pollutants in mineral processing wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Luminous mechanism switch between TADF and CF was realized by isomer engineering. • Different exciton dynamic processes depend on the interplay of 1CT, 3LE and 3CT and molecular geometry rigidity. • Red TADF OLEDs with external quantum efficiency >20% was achieved. Marching toward highly efficient long-wavelength organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is paramount but formidable challenge, and rational manipulation of molecular configuration and excited state dynamic processes are of great importance to harvest dark triplet exciton and suppress non-radiative transition for excellent light emission properties. Herein, we introduced a novel electron acceptor 11H-indeno [1,2-b] quinoxalin-11-one (IQ) as a building-block to construct two bright red light-emitting regioisomers of IQ-oTPA and IQ-pTPA, which exhibit entirely different exciton dynamic processes of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and conventional fluorescence (CF) respectively. According to theoretical calculation and photophysical characterization, the energy gap, energy level alignment and spin–orbit coupling (SOC) effects of charge-transfer singlet state (1CT), local excited triplet state (3LE) and charge-transfer triplet state (3CT) together with the molecular geometry rigidity play a critical role in the triplet exciton up-conversion processes. Maximum external quantum efficiencies of 20.6% and 3.5% with emission peaks of 604 and 642 nm were achieved for the proof-of-concept electroluminescent devices based on IQ-oTPA and IQ-pTPA respectively, which are among the state-of-the-art performance for red-emission TADF and CF OLEDs and provide new insights for the molecular design tactic of high-performance red OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mushroom galectins are promising anticancer agents for their low IC50 values against cancer cells in vitro. In this study, two Coprinopsis cinerea galectins, CGL1 and CGL2, were heterologously expressed, and their biochemistry properties and anticancer effects were evaluated. The purified galectins were thermostable at neutral pH conditions. They both existed as tetramers and shared a high affinity towards lactose. CGL1 and CGL2 strongly inhibited the cell viability of many cancer cell lines, including three colorectal cancer cells, in a dose-dependent manner by inducing mitochondria-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, CGL1 exhibited higher apoptosis-inducing ability and cytotoxicity than CGL2. In vivo cell viability experiments based on two xenograft mouse models showed that CGL1 had a more substantial inhibitory effect than CGL2 on HCT116 tumor growth (p < 0.0001), whereas only CGL1 inhibited DLD1 tumor growth (p < 0.01). This is the first study to evaluate the anti-colorectal cancer effect of mushroom lectins in vivo, and our results showed that CGL1 is a potent agent for colorectal cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the synthesis of ordered silicon nanowire arrays in porous anodic aluminum oxide templates. Analysis of the crystal character of silicon nanowire arrays; Assembly of fabricated silicon nanowires; Diameter and length of silicon nanowires.

• CNTs could accelerate the transformation of metals in EMR with partial mass loss. • Surface activated-complex contributed to the directly ROX oxidization. • The k obs of catalytic reaction was increased by 10.1 times after combination. • The M-O-C (M =Fe or Mn) bonds in CNT/EMR making the catalyst more stable than EMR. • Amorphous FeAsO 4 •H 2 O was formed after degradation. A novel catalyst (MT/EMR) used for SR-AOPs with high removal efficiency toward roxarsone (ROX) (90.96% within 60 min) was prepared for the first time by ball milling multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with electrolytic manganese residue (EMR). The incorporation of MWCNTs could improve the adsorption capacity and accelerate the transformation of metals in EMR with partial mass loss to facilitate the PDS activation. Additionally, pH test, quenching experiment and electrochemical test verified a two-electron pathway involving surface activated-complex contributed to the directly ROX oxidization. Benefit from the introduction of MWCNTs, the degradation rate (k obs) of catalytic reaction was increased by 10.1 times compared with that of single-EMR. Additionally, the M-O-C (M =Fe or Mn) bonds in MT/EMR making the catalyst more stable than EMR. This work provided a novel and effective strategy to establish waste solid-based catalysts for green preparation and expanded the adsorption-oxidation technology to solve the problem of organoarsenic pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Molecule structures and HMO index affected the degradability of different TCs. • The degradations of Z-200 and BA were pH-dependent. • Inorganic ions had little effects on reaction except for SiO 3 2−. • BX degradation in preference to DDTC in the competitive system. • The C atoms were relatively easier to be mineralized when compared to S and N. Residual flotation reagents (FRs) in mineral processing wastewater (MPW) cause serious organic pollution and difficult to discharge or recycle of MPW. In this study, the degradation of 100 mg/L of FRs (butyl xanthate (BX), diethyl dithiocarbamate (DDTC), ester-200 (Z-200) and butyl amine (BA)) commonly used for metal sulfide ore flotation were investigated by heterogeneous advanced oxidation process (AOPs) adopting peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as oxidants and modified manganese slag as metal-base catalyst (MS-N3H). The results showed MS-N3H/PMS system had higher degradation capacity than other reports, by which 100% of DDTC and 97.3% of BX could be degraded in 10 min, also 93.2% of Z-200 and 85.6% of BA were degraded in 30 min, respectively. The differential behaviours in degradation of thiol collectors (TCs) were correlated to their molecule structures and affected by their HMO index. However, the good water solubility of BX made it as the most degradable reagents in competitive system. The catalytic reactions of Z-200 and BA were pH-dependent processes which were dominated by the PMS ionization and base activation. Inorganic ions had little effects on reactions except for SiO 3 2−, but the negative effect could be alleviated by the integrated process. Higher mineralization degrees of C, S and N elements indicated that TCs and their by-products were removed by the MS-N3H/PMS with higher degradation rates. Further, the catalyst showed superior regeneration ability and the system could be effectively used in real MPW treatment with relatively high removal efficiency of total organic carbon (TOC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recycling of solid wastes is obligable as it can reduce the environmental pollution and prevent the diffusion of secondary pollution. In this study, a novel cheap adsorbent was prepared by modifying electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) with EDTA. The maximum adsorption capacity of adsorbents for diethyl dithiocarbamate (DDTC) was 133.46 mg/g under initial pH of 7.32 at room temperature. Adsorption kinetics study revealed the DDTC adsorption on EDTA-EMR is mainly controlled by chemisorption and isotherm studies implied the adsorption is a monolayer process. Mechanism exploration found that the DDTC molecules could enter into the holes of EDTA-EMR, and the transition metal-based sorption sites were crucial for the target molecule immobilization and chelation. High pH value (> 10) was found to have inhibited the adsorption capacity of adsorbent, which should be due to the fact that the decreasing of functional groups on adsorbents surface and the competition between DDTC and OH–. The ionic strength has negligible effect on the adsorption and the as-synthesized adsorbents showed excellent performance after five cycles. The overall results reveal that EDTA-EMR is a promising adsorbent ascribed by its low cost, good recyclability and excellent adsorption capacity. [Display omitted] • The adsorption is a monolayer and spontaneous process. • EDTA could remove the impurities of EMR and retain transition metals. • DDTC could coordinated with the Fe/Mn containing active sites by chelation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, the charge transfer character of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials results in a long excitonic lifetime and broad‐band emission. With the combination of unity exciton utilization of TADF material and high radiative rate and narrow‐band emission of conventional fluorescence (CF) dopant, hyperfluorescence organic light‐emitting diodes (HF‐OLEDs) attract extensive attention in industry and academia recently. Till now, Dexter energy transfer (DET) from the triplet state of TADF assistant host to the dark triplet state of CF guest is the top‐drawer energy loss issue root in HF‐OLEDs. Herein, the energy loss of DET is blocked through one‐step substitution of TADF assistant host by electronically inert phenyl‐fluorene terminal for the first time. The blocking effect on DET process in HF‐OLEDs is investigated by means of photophysical characterization, theoretical calculation, device fabrication, and Monte Carlo simulation. The maximum external quantum efficiency of 18.1% with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.61, 0.38) is achieved, which is on par with the state‐of‐the‐art efficiency for red HF‐OLEDs. This work presents a feasible design strategy for TADF assistant host aimed at achieving highly efficient HF‐OLEDs with narrow‐band emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • First P. gingivalis RNAP structure at 3.5 Å resolution revealed new features. • P. gingivalis RNAP obtained is active and physiologically relevant. • The new orientation of its RNAP SI2 is ∼90° rotated from the one in E. coli. • Inserted region in its RNAP β' shelf may influence transcription complex assembly. • α2 in P. gingivalis RNAP ω subunit is twice as long, suggesting ω-σ interaction. Porphyromonas gingivalis , an anaerobic CFB (Cytophaga , Fusobacterium , and Bacteroides) group bacterium, is the keystone pathogen of periodontitis and has been implicated in various systemic diseases. Increased antibiotic resistance and lack of effective antibiotics necessitate a search for new intervention strategies. Here we report a 3.5 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of P. gingivalis RNA polymerase (RNAP). The structure displays new structural features in its ω subunit and multiple domains in β and β' subunits, which differ from their counterparts in other bacterial RNAPs. Superimpositions with E. coli RNAP holoenzyme and initiation complex further suggest that its ω subunit may contact the σ4 domain, thereby possibly contributing to the assembly and stabilization of initiation complexes. In addition to revealing the unique features of P. gingivalis RNAP, our work offers a framework for future studies of transcription regulation in this important pathogen, as well as for structure-based drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence suggests that radiotherapy is a potent immunomodulator in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Conversely, it has rarely been demonstrated if immune infiltration can influence radiotherapy efficacy. Herein, we explored the effect of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) on the response to postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in completely resected stage III-pN2 NSCLC. Methods: This retrospective study included 244 patients with pathologically confirmed stage III-N2 NSCLC who underwent complete resection at our institution between 2014 and 2020. TILs were assessed with permanent full-face hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections and the evaluation of TILs was based on a published guideline. Patients were stratified into the TILlow or TILhigh group with a cutoff value of 50%. Kaplan-Meier method and Log‐rank test were utilized to assess disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were conducted to determine prognostic indicators. Results: Among 244 patients, a total of 121 patients received PORT whereas 123 did not. TILs level in patients with PORT was significantly higher than that in patients without PORT (p < 0.001). High TILs level was significantly associated with an improved DFS and OS in all the entire chort (DFS, p < 0.001; OS, p = 0.001), PORT chort (DFS, p = 0.003; OS, p = 0.011) and non-PORT chort (DFS, p < 0.001; OS, p = 0.034). There were no significant survival differences between different treatment modalities in the low TILs infiltration (DFS, p = 0.244; OS, p = 0.404) and high TILs infiltration (DFS, p = 0.167; OS, p = 0.958) groups. Conclusions: TILs evaluated with H&E sections could represent a prognostic biomarker in patients with completely resected pN2 NSCLC, and high TILs infiltration was associated with favorable survival outcomes.The predictive value of TILs for PORT still need to be further explored in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Root number is a key factor influencing root system characteristics. • Root projected and surface areas define the correlation of above and belowground traits. • Larger root distribution positively correlated with photosynthesis capacity. High-density cultivation using dwarfing rootstocks is widely practiced worldwide. The root is an essential organ for apple rootstocks, especially for dwarfing rootstocks. However, few studies about the root traits of apple rootstocks have been published. In this study, the root growth characteristics of the 'Red Fuji' apple cultivar scions grafted onto Shao series no. 40 (RF/SH.40) and Baleng Crab (RF/BC) rootstocks, which have apparent size-controlling differences, were investigated. Subsequently, the tree morphological and leaf photosynthetic parameters were measured, and the correlation between the roots and branches was studied. Thus, the root system of RF/BC was more widely distributed than that of RF/SH.40, with higher volume, projected area, surface area, root number, and length of the root system. Multiple comparisons revealed that the number of roots might be the critical factor contributing to differences in the two root systems. Furthermore, RF/BC had higher leaf photosynthetic rates, water use efficiency, and branch numbers and length than RF/SH.40. RF/BC had a wider branch distribution in a vertical orientation; however, a wider branch distribution in a horizontal orientation and a higher rate of branches shorter than 15 cm was observed for RF/SH.40. The above-ground tree architecture and below-ground root traits tend to be positively correlated. The parameters that primarily affected the correlation between above- and below-ground were branch volume, branch number, total projected, and total surface area of the root system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study developed a short-cut method for preparation of AOPs catalyst. • Phase transformation and active sites exposure facilitated the removal capacities. • Pre-adsorption was one of key steps to facilitate catalytic reaction. • Radical pathway played a dominant major role in LVF molecules decomposition. Preparations of catalysts for sulfate radicals-based advanced oxidation (SR-AOPs) are usually time-consuming and costly. This study developed a short-cut method for preparation of AOPs catalyst (MS-N3H) directly from electrolytic manganese slag. MS-N3H/PMS could effectively remove levofloxacin (LVF) from solution. Phase transformation and active sites exposure after modifications facilitated the adsorption and catalysis capacities. Both radical and non-radical pathway contributed to the degradation of LVF, in which abundant Mn and Fe on MS-N3H surface contributed to the generation of SO 4 −, OH and O 2 − radicals, and lattice oxygen played a crucial role in non-radical 1O 2 production. The MS-N3H/PMS was stable for the degradation of LVF in different water matrixes and kept high recyclability even after four recycles. This study brought underlying insights to develop novel high-efficient and easy-preparing catalysts for the degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The VCAN/versican gene encodes an important component of the extracellular matrix, the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 2 (CSPG2/versican). Heterozygous variants targeting exon 8 of VCAN have been shown to cause Wagner disease, a rare autosomal dominant non-syndromic vitreoretinopathy that induces retinal detachment, cataracts and permanent visual loss. In this study, we report on six patients from three unrelated families with Wagner disease in whom we identified three novel copy number variations of VCAN. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis identified deletions, including one exon–intron boundary of exon 8 or both exons 8 and 9, causing the haploinsufficiency of VCAN mRNAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation-induced lung injuries (RILI) is one of the serious complications of radiotherapy posed by the damage of alveolar cells and inflammation over-reaction. We aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of doxepin on RILI (20 Gy total dose at 3 Gy/min of X-ray irradiation), as well as its underlying mechanism. For animal experiments, such parameters as Immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, WBC (white blood cell), CRP (C-reactive protein), Western blot, and q-PCR were detected. The results indicated that both survival status and weight increase of irradiated rats treated by doxepin (3 mg/kg/day, rat) were higher than those of treated with irradiation alone (Dosing started the day before irradiation). Further, histological examinations showed doxepin could tenuate the radiation injury, as indicated as alveolar inflammatory exudation and there was only mild interstitial inflammation infiltration. Western blotting and q-PCR showed that expression of NF-κβ in X group were higher than that in XMD group. For the first time, we reported doxepin functioned as a radioprotectant candidate, which provide a promising application of doxepin for protecting radiotherapy injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]