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This study combines ChatGPT, Apple's Shortcuts, and LINE to create the ChatGPT-based Intelligent Learning Aid (CILA), aiming to enhance self-regulation progress and knowledge construction in blended learning. CILA offers real-time, convergent information to learners' inquiries, as opposed to traditional Google search engine that provide divergent information. By addressing questions promptly, CILA minimizes interruptions during the performance phase of self-regulation progress. The tool records learners' questions and answers, aiding self-reflection in self-regulation progress. We evaluated self-regulation progress using motivation, engagement, and self-efficacy as indicators. Findings show that CILA's intervention effectively improves self-regulation progress and knowledge construction, offering benefits over divergent information in blended learning contexts with respect to amotivation, intrinsic motivation, and behavioral engagement. This research highlights the potential of incorporating large language models like ChatGPT in educational settings to support teachers and students.

Research has demonstrated that on the path from a creative idea to a creative outcome, high creativity motivation and self-efficacy do not necessarily lead to creative behavior. The present study proposed and examined the notion that daily creativity planning could promote creative behavior and contribute to the cultivation of creativity. A total of 77 middle school students (39 students in the experimental group and 38 in the control group) participated in this study, for which a quasi-experimental design was administered. The experimental group conducted a two-week daily planning for creative activities, while the control group did not conduct any intervention. The results showed that students' creativity motivation and creative self-efficacy were at relatively high levels overall and were positively and moderately correlated with creative behavior. Daily planning could effectively facilitate students' creative behavior. These findings point to a promising and simple creativity enhancement strategy for cultivating students to develop the habit of making creative plans in their daily lives.

The increase of new energy permeability increases the complexity of power system frequency control. Frequency regulation assisted by energy storage can alleviate this problem to some extent. However, due to the security and economic constraints of energy storage operation, frequency regulation measures need to be more targeted. In this paper, a primary frequency regulation method of power grid assisted by energy storage based on frequency response characteristics is proposed. Firstly, based on the model of frequency regulation assisted by energy storage, the frequency modulation integrated control method of auxiliary energy storage with inertia and droop is selected. Through the correlation analysis of rate of change of frequency and frequency deviation to frequency modulation requirements, frequency regulation demand zoning rules based on frequency response characteristics are designed. Then, according to the partition judgment corresponding to different frequency modulation requirements, the energy storage active power output mode is dynamically adjusted to respond to the uncertainty of frequency modulation requirements. On this basis, aiming at the contradictory relationship between frequency modulation demand and energy storage output demand, energy storage output strength and its cycle life, the multi-objective optimization problem is designed and solved to balance. Finally, the simulation results verify that the proposed method can effectively reduce the depth of charge and discharge of energy storage on the basis of ensuring the frequency modulation effect of power grid.

Recent research has shown that creative self-concept might be not only a path to people's creativity but also a path to their positive affect. This study proposed and examined the underlying mechanisms of how creative self-concept is associated with positive affect through the mediating role of people's daily creative behavior and creative self-assessment. We recruited 101 Chinese undergraduate students to report their creative behavior, creative self-assessment, and experiences of positive emotion states each day for 14 days. A multilevel structural equation model was conducted. Results confirmed the mediating role of creative self-assessment and the chain-mediating role of creative behavior and creative self-assessment between creative self-concept and positive affect. The direct effect of creative behavior on positive affect was not verified. These findings highlight the role that creative self-concept plays in everyday activities and everyday well-being and show the importance of creative self-assessment in creativity education and mental health care.

Karaman et al. (2022. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20210565) examined the differential effects of the conditional deletion of genes encoding each VEGF receptor, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR 3, as well as combinations thereof in mice. The results highlight the crosstalk between receptors in different organs and emphasize the importance of VEGF receptor expression and interplay in vascular heterogeneity.

In the course of our studies aiming to discover vascular bed-specific endothelial cell (EC) mitogens, we identified leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) as a mitogen for bovine choroidal EC (BCE), although LIF has been mainly characterized as an EC growth inhibitor and an anti-angiogenic molecule. LIF stimulated growth of BCE while it inhibited, as previously reported, bovine aortic EC (BAE) growth. The JAK-STAT3 pathway mediated LIF actions in both BCE and BAE cells, but a caspase-independent proapoptotic signal mediated by cathepsins was triggered in BAE but not in BCE. LIF administration directly promoted activation of STAT3 and increased blood vessel density in mouse eyes. LIF also had protective effects on the choriocapillaris in a model of oxidative retinal injury. Analysis of available single-cell transcriptomic datasets shows strong expression of the specific LIF receptor in mouse and human choroidal EC. Our data suggest that LIF administration may be an innovative approach to prevent atrophy associated with AMD, through protection of the choriocapillaris.

Neovascularization is a key feature of ischemic retinal diseases and the wet form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), all leading causes of severe vision loss. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors have transformed the treatment of these disorders. Millions of patients have been treated with these drugs worldwide. However, in real-life clinical settings, many patients do not experience the same degree of benefit observed in clinical trials, in part because they receive fewer anti-VEGF injections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover and identify novel long-acting VEGF inhibitors. We hypothesized that binding to heparan-sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) in the vitreous, and possibly other ocular structures, may be a strategy to promote intraocular retention, ultimately leading to a reduced burden of intravitreal injections. We designed a series of VEGF receptor 1 variants and identified some with strong heparin-binding characteristics and ability to bind to vitreous matrix. Our data indicate that some of our variants have longer duration and greater efficacy in animal models of intraocular neovascularization than current standard of care. Our study represents a systematic attempt to exploit the functional diversity associated with heparin affinity of a VEGF receptor.