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Background Games are an emerging pedagogical tool in medical education, and they are recognized as a potentially attractive form of complementary learning. Research on the application of games in medical education has gradually increased in recent years, but the development of related research in China has been slow. Reviewing the research literature related to the use of games in medical education and gaining a comprehensive understanding of the current status and hotspots of the development of this field will be conducive to promoting the development of the research field of medical education in China. Objective To analyze the current status of the research on the application of games to medical education, and to provide reference and information for future research related to the application of games to medical education. Methods From February to April in 2023, with the help of CiteSpace 6.1R6 and Microsoft Excel 2019 software, we searched the relevant literature from Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCC) from 2013-01-01 to 2023-02-26 with the theme of "game" and "medical education", and analyzed the number of publications, authors, countries/institutions, and the number of articles. Results Finally, 652 English-language articles were included. There was a general upward trend in the number of publications in the last 11 years, with the United States being the top country in terms of the number of publications (201), centrality (0.48), and the annual number of publications, and Canada (67, centrality 0.15) and the United Kingdom (56, centrality 0.47) in the second and third places, respectively. The University of Toronto, Canada was the institution with the highest total number of articles with 21 articles. High-frequency keywords included medical education, education, serious games, simulation, and performance. The keyword with the highest level of emergence in the keyword emergence analysis was serious games (emergence intensity 3.4) . Conclusion Currently, the application of games in medical education has attracted more and more attention from scholars, and the research hotspots mainly focus on the role played by different games in the process of talent cultivation, but there is no high-quality evidence to provide educators with evidence-based recommendations. China still needs further exploration in this field, and educators need to apply more in the teaching process to better validate its effectiveness and promote the development of medical education.

Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) have attracted tremendous interest owing to the ability to assemble diverse building blocks without the constraints of lattice matching and processing compatibility. However, once assembled, the fabricated vdWHs can hardly be separated into individual building blocks for further manipulation, mainly due to technical difficulties in the disassembling process. Here, we show a method to disassemble the as-fabricated vdWHs into individual building blocks, which can be further reassembled into new vdWHs with different device functionalities. With this technique, we demonstrate reconfigurable transistors from n-type to p-type and back-gate to dual-gate structures through re-stacking. Furthermore, reconfigurable device behaviors from floating gate memory to Schottky diode and reconfigurable anisotropic Raman behaviors have been obtained through layer re-sequencing and re-twisting, respectively. Our results could lead to a reverse engineering concept of disassembled vdWHs electronics in parallel with state-of-the-art vdWHs electronics, offering a general method for multi-functional pluggable electronics and optoelectronics with limited material building blocks.

This study tests the relationship between the hierarchical position of cities in the global economy and a typology of cultural, economic, political, and social external relations, namely city diplomacy. We conduct this test on a sample of 46 Chinese cities, seeking to bridge otherwise separate existing theories on the structure of the world city hierarchy and varied dimensions of city diplomacy. Contrary to expectations, we find that the aggregate of the typology of city diplomacy, rather than only the economic dimension, is most closely associated with position in the world city hierarchy. This tentatively suggests that the collective effect of internationally-oriented cultural, economic, political and social activities in Chinese cities reflect the global structure of the highest levels of globalized urban wealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resistance to Adriamycin (ADR) is an increasing problem in the treatment of leukemia and the development of novel therapeutic strategies is becoming increasingly important. Olaparib is a poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1 inhibitor, which has promising antitumor activity in patients with metastatic breast cancer and germline BRCA mutations. Previously published studies have indicated that Olaparib is able to overcome drug resistance in cancer; however, its underlying mechanism of action is yet to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism underlying re-sensitization. Annexin V-propidium iodide staining indicated that the percentage of apoptotic ADR resistant cells was markedly increased and the cell cycle was blocked at the G2/M-phase following treatment with ADR combined with Olaparib, when compared with the control group. The alkaline comet assay demonstrated that ADR combined with Olaparib significantly upregulated the induction of the DNA damage response in ADR-resistant cells. Western blot analysis revealed that the protein expression of γ-H2A histone family member X, cleaved PARP, caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 3 was markedly enhanced, while the cell cycle-associated protein cyclin B1 was downregulated in K562/ADR cells following treatment with a combination of ADR and Olaparib. Similar synergistic cytotoxicity was observed in blood mononuclear cells, which were isolated from patients with chemotherapy-resistant leukemia. As Olaparib is available for clinical use, the results of the present study provide a rationale for the development of Olaparib combinational therapies for cases of ADR resistant leukemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]