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As one of the most severe public health issues, depressive symptoms have attracted wide attention around the world. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of marital life satisfaction in the relationship between gender inequality perception and depressive symptoms. Data were obtained from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) conducted in 2020. This study incorporated a total of 13,409 married residents aged 20 and above. The residents with middle (B = 0.19, 95 % CI = 0.01, 0.40) or high perception of gender inequality (B = 0.55, 95 % CI = 0.34, 0.75) were more likely to develop depressive symptoms. Marital life satisfaction plays a mediating effect in the relationship between patterns of gender inequality perception and depressive symptoms, and the mediating effect accounted for 4.89 % or 1.37 % of the total impact in the residents with middle or high patterns of gender inequality perception. Further studies need to understand the mechanisms of perceived patterns of gender inequality and depressive symptoms, because the cross-sectional design in this study cannot draw causal inferences. Patterns of gender inequality perception are significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Marital life satisfaction plays a mediating role in the relationship between patterns of gender inequality perception and depressive symptoms. It is plausible that nurturing healthy marital relationships could mitigate depressive symptoms in individuals who perceive high degrees of gender disparity. • Patterns of gender inequality perception are significantly associated with depressive symptoms. • Marital life satisfaction plays a mediating role in the above relationship. • Tailored strategies must be devised for those parts of the population that identify a pronounced degree of gender inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diagnosis-Related-Group (DRG) payment is considered a crucial means of addressing the rapid increases of medical cost and variation in cost. This paper analyzes the impact of DRG payment on variation in hospitalization expenditure in China. Method: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cerebral infarction (CI) in a Chinese City Z were selected. Patients in the fee-for-service (FFS) payment group and the DRG payment group were used as the control group and intervention group, respectively, and propensity-score-matching (PSM) was conducted. Interquartile distance (IQR), standard deviation (SD) and concentration index were used to analyze variation and trends in terms of hospitalization expenditure across the different groups. Results: After DRG payment reform, the SD of hospitalization expenditure in respect of the COPD, AMI and CI patients in City Z decreased by 11,094, 4,833 and 4,987 CNY, respectively. The concentration indices of hospitalization expenditures for three diseases are all below 0 (statistically significant), with the absolute value tending to increase year by year. Conclusion: DRG payment can be seen to guide medical service providers to provide effective treatment that can improve the consistency of medical care services, bringing the cost of medical care closer to its true clinical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing depressive symptoms have become an urgent public health concern worldwide. This study aims to explore the correlation between personality traits and changes in depressive symptoms before and after the COVID-19 outbreak and to examine the gender difference in this association further. Data were obtained from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS, wave in 2018 and 2020). A total of 16,369 residents aged 18 and above were included in this study. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine whether personality traits were associated with changes in depressive symptoms. We also analyzed whether there was an interaction effect of gender and personality traits on depressive symptoms. Conscientiousness, extroversion, and agreeableness are negatively associated with depressive symptoms, while neuroticism and openness are positively related. Gender moderates the relationship between personality traits and depressive symptoms. Compared to men, women have demonstrated a stronger association between neuroticism (OR = 0.79; 95 % CI = 0.66, 0.94), conscientiousness (OR = 1.40; 95 % CI = 1.15, 1.69), and persistent depressive symptoms. Limitations: Given its longitudinal study design, it is insufficient to draw a causal inference between personality traits and depressive symptoms. Personality traits and their various dimensions are correlated with changes in depressive symptoms. Persistent depressive symptoms are positively related to neuroticism and negatively associated with conscientiousness. Women demonstrate a stronger association between personality traits and persistent depressive symptoms. Thus, in Chinese adults' mental health intervention and prevention programs, personality and gender-specific strategies should be considered, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. • Personality traits are correlated with the changes in depressive symptoms. • Neuroticism is positively related to persistent depressive symptoms. • Conscientiousness is negatively associated with persistent depressive symptoms. • Gender paly a moderator role on the above relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stable and catalytically active nano particles with small sizes are of paramount importance in catalysis, but the preparation of such particles has been a great challenge due to their propensity to aggregate into large and less active particles. Herein, we would like to report the formation of ultra-small and uncommon RhO 2 particles within an organic cage in the homogeneous solution, and the soluble assembly showed both better durability and high activity towards ammonia borane methanolysis to generate hydrogen gas. A volcanic plot of the turnover frequencies (TOFs) over the molar amount of Rh per cage was demonstrated, and RhO 2 -30@COP1-T showed a TOF of around 286 min−1 at room temperature. Our assembly also showed better durability during the catalysis in contrast to NPs made from pure rhodium acetate, and there was no aggregation formed after five runs. We further demonstrated the Michaelis-Menten model through the kinetic study, an indication that the catalytic reaction happened within the organic cage. The actual active sites of the catalyst was zero-valent metal Rh. Interestingly the installation of azobenzene groups at the opening of the cage led to gated activity through the trans-cis conformation interchange, due to the different steric hindrances affecting the diffusion rates of reactants. • Ultra-small RhO 2 particles are formed through mild conditions. • RhO 2 particles are formed within an organic cage in the homogeneous solution. • Light-gated catalysis phenomenon through the azo conformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proximity and orientation of the reacting groups can be different in organic cages from in free solution, thus affecting the selectivity of the reaction. Herein, we reported a synthetic strategy to encapsulate iridium nanoparticles (Ir‐NP@COP1‐T) within organic cages in the homogeneous solution. Ir‐NP@COP1‐T showed good selectivity in the hydrosilylation reaction of alkynes. Our work provides a new perspective to the catalysis field by using soluble microporous cages as support for inorganic nano particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkoxy‐terminated siloxanes can be used as coupling agents to improve the properties of materials, and they are also widely used in organic synthesis. Herein, a method to synthesize a dimethoxy‐terminated siloxane by the ring‐opening reaction of 2,4,6‐trimethyl‐2,4,6‐trivinyl‐1,3,5,2,4,6‐trioxatrisilinane (D3‐Vi) and methanol under mild condition was reported. The reaction does not require strong acids, strong bases or transition metal catalysts. The structure of the product was confirmed by 1H‐NMR, 29Si‐NMR and mass spectrometry (MS). The Gibbs free energy change of the reaction under the implicit solvent model was calculated by density functional theory (DFT), which proved the feasibility of the reaction. The calculation discussed the two‐step mechanism of the ring‐opening reaction. One methanol attacked D3‐Vi to form a monomethoxy‐terminated product, and then another methanol attacked from the other side to form a dimethoxy‐terminated product. The calculated reaction rate constants of the reaction at different temperatures indicate that the reaction has a tunneling effect, especially at low temperatures. Considering the complex reaction of D3‐Vi and methanol explained why the calculated rate constants at low temperatures were large but the ring‐opening reaction could hardly occur. The mild synthesis can promote the application of alkoxy‐terminated silicones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysiloxane-modified tetraphenylethene (PTPESi) is successfully synthesized by attaching tetraphenylethene (TPE) units onto methylvinyldiethoxylsiloxane and subsequent polycondensation. Introducing polysiloxane into TPE has minimal effect on the photophysical properties and aggregation-induced emission behavior of TPE. The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO and LUMO) energy levels of PTPESi are located mainly on the tetraphenylethene moieties. The fluorescence intensity and the half width of the emission peak of PTPESi before and after annealing at 120 °C for 12 h are nearly the same, indicating high thermal stability and morphological stability. In addition, use of PTPESi film as a sensor toward the vapor-phase detection of explosives is also studied and it displays quite high fluorescence quenching efficiency and good reversibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular simulations are currently receiving significant attention for their ability to offer a microscopic perspective that explains macroscopic phenomena. An essential aspect is the accurate characterization of molecular structural parameters and the development of realistic numerical models. This study investigates the surface morphology and elemental distribution of silicon nitride fibers through TEM and EDS, and SEM and EDS analyses. Utilizing a customized molecular dynamics approach, molecular models of amorphous and multi-interface silicon nitride fibers with complex structures were constructed. Tensile simulations were conducted to explore correlations between performance and molecular structural composition. The results demonstrate successful construction of molecular models with amorphous, amorphous–crystalline interface, and mixed crystalline structures. Mechanical property characterization reveal the following findings: (1) The nonuniform and irregular amorphous structure causes stress concentration and crack formation under applied stress. Increased density enhances material strength but leads to higher crack sensitivity. (2) Incorporating a crystalline reinforcement phase without interfacial crosslinking increases free volume and relative tensile strength, improving toughness and reducing crack susceptibility. (3) Crosslinked interfaces effectively enhance load transfer in transitional regions, strengthening the material's tensile strength, while increased density simultaneously reduces crack propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RuO2 is well known as the benchmark acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst, but its practical application has been impeded by its limited durability. Herein, it is presented that the stability of ruthenium oxide can be significantly improved by pretrapping RuCl3 precursors within a cage compound possessing 72 aromatic rings, which leads to well carbon‐coated RuOx particles (Si‐RuOx@C) after calcination. The catalyst survives in 0.5 M H2SO4 for an unprecedented period of 100 hours at 10 mA cm−2 with minimal overpotential change during OER. In contrast, RuOx prepared from similar non‐tied compounds doesn't exhibit such catalytic activity, highlighting the importance of the preorganization of Ru precursors within the cage prior to calcination. In addition, the overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 in acid solution is only 220 mV, much less than that of commercial RuO2. X‐ray absorption fine structure (FT‐EXAFS) reveals the Si doping through unusual Ru–Si bond, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveals the importance of the Ru‐Si bond in enhancing both the activity and stability of the catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel carbazole-cored small molecules CzC6C8 and CzC8 bearing different side chains and two 3-ethylrhodanine end-capping groups were synthesized and used as electron acceptors in organic solar cells (OSCs). Devices based on these two acceptors showed a high open circuit voltage ( V oc ) about 1 V. Due to more closely molecular stacking and improved film morphology, CzC8 bearing a linear alkyl side chain showed a better photovoltaic performance than CzC6C8 bearing a branched one. CzC8 based OSCs can still exhibit a good performance even though the Δ E LUMO and Δ E HOMO between donor and acceptor are both small. Three polymer donors (PBT, PTB7-Th, and PTFBDT) with a similar LUMO level but various HOMO levels were tested and they all showed good PCE values larger than 4.6%. Among them, PTB7-Th: CzC8 based devices afforded the highest PCE of 4.91% and PTFBDT: CzC8 based ones gave the highest V oc of 1.16 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]