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The Lower Mekong River is one of the significant rivers nurturing people on the Southeast Asian mainland. Its tributaries include the Mun River (NE Thailand), which often experiences extreme water events. In this study, the streamflow change in the year 2115 was simulated by relying on the Half a degree Additional warming, Prognosis and Projected Impacts (HAPPI) experiment and the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate, version 5 (MIROC5) climate model for average global warming of 1.5 °C (Plus1.5) and 2.0 °C (Plus2.0) above pre-industrial levels and compared with the base year in 2015 for the Mun River Basin. The Soil–Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used for the streamflow simulation. The results showed an increasing air temperature against lowering rainfall and relative humidity (except for the post-monsoon months), suggesting overall rain suppression in response to the warming climate. The median projected annual streamflow to the Mekong River in 2115 decreased for both ‘Plus1.5’ (−32.5%, median) and ‘Plus2.0’ (−23.1%, median). However, increasing annual streamflow could be found only in the middle part. Seasonal streamflow changes revealed a different spatiotemporal response to climate change resulting in inconsistent streamflow changes across the basin. The adaptive measures for the middle part should be focused on flooding control, whereas the upper and the lower parts should be against drought. HIGHLIGHTS IPCC AR6 HAPPI predicts overall rain suppression in response to the warming climate across the Mun River Basin.; The projected streamflow to the Mekong River in 2115 declines for both warming scenarios.; Positive annual streamflow anomalies could be found in the middle part.; In this middle part, we found higher dry-season streamflow and less wet-season streamflow.; Upper and lower parts tend to be drought-prone.;

In the pursuit of highly efficient perovskite solar cells, spiro‐OMeTAD has demonstrated recorded power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), however, the stability issue remains one of the bottlenecks constraining its commercial development. In this study, we successfully synthesize a novel self‐polymerized spiro‐type interfacial molecule, termed v‐spiro. The linearly arranged molecule exhibits stronger intermolecular interactions and higher intrinsic hole mobility compared to spiro‐OMeTAD. Importantly, the vinyl groups in v‐spiro enable in situ polymerization, forming a polymeric protective layer on the perovskite film surface, which proves highly effective in suppressing moisture degradation and ion migration. Utilizing these advantages, poly‐v‐spiro‐based device achieves an outstanding efficiency of 24.54 %, with an enhanced open‐circuit voltage of 1.173 V and a fill factor of 81.11 %, owing to the reduced defect density, energy level alignment and efficient interfacial hole extraction. Furthermore, the operational stability of unencapsulated devices is significantly enhanced, maintaining initial efficiencies above 90 % even after 2000 hours under approximately 60 % humidity or 1250 hours under continuous AM 1.5G sunlight exposure. This work presents a comprehensive approach to achieving both high efficiency and long‐term stability in PSCs through innovative interfacial design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconciling optimal cooling effects with color regulation in functional textiles, while preserving infrared characteristics, remains a formidable technological challenge. Here, a novel dynamically hierarchical metafabric is reported that integrates temperature-adaptive thermochromic and moisture-wicking functionalities into a passive radiative cooling system, which effectively achieves energy-efficient personal thermal management. The objective was achieved by employing a hierarchically organized metafabric, which utilized the techniques of electrospinning and facile spray coating. Specifically, the metafabric is composed of polyamide 6/silicon dioxide/thermochromic chameleon microcapsules/hygroscopic agent layers. The metafabric demonstrates excellent selective infrared emissivity (0.95 in the 8–13 μm wavelength range) and moisture permeability through large-scale electrospinning and hierarchical design, while simultaneously maintaining superior mechanical strength. Specifically, the incorporation of thermochromic microcapsules facilitates reversible color alteration and self-adaptive modulation of solar energy (ΔRlum = 52.64%), which significantly expands the potential applications for energy-saving thermoregulation. The resulting metafabric exhibits exceptional outdoor thermoregulation capabilities, demonstrating a cooling effect of 7.9 °C compared to commercial cotton in an outdoor environment under solar intensity of approximately 40 mW cm−2. This study presents promising potential for the development of advanced personal thermal management systems with exceptional thermoregulatory capabilities, which could have significant implications in various fields such as wearable technology and medical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with inverted 3D perovskite solar cell (PSCs), inverted quasi-2D PSCs have advantages in device stability, but the device efficiency is still lagging behind. Constructing polymer hole-transporting materials (HTMs) with passivation functions to improve the buried interface and crystallization properties of perovskite films is one of the effective strategies to improve the performance of inverted quasi-2D PSCs. Herein, two novel side-chain functionalized polymer HTMs containing methylthio-based passivation groups are designed, named PVCz-SMeTPA and PVCz-SMeDAD, for inverted quasi-2D PSCs. Benefited from the non-conjugated flexible backbone bearing functionalized side-chain groups, the polymer HTMs exhibit excellent film-forming properties, well-matched energy levels and improved charge mobility, which facilitates the charge extraction and transport between HTM and quasi-2D perovskite layer. More importantly, by introducing methylthio units, the polymer HTMs can enhance the contact and interactions with quasi-2D perovskite, and further passivating the buried interface defects and assisting the deposition of high-quality perovskite. Due to the suppressed interfacial non-radiative recombination, the inverted quasi-2D PSCs using PVCz-SMeTPA and PVCz-SMeDAD achieve impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.41% and 20.63% with open-circuit voltage of 1.23 and 1.22 V, respectively. Furthermore, the PVCz-SMeTPA based inverted quasi-2D PSCs also exhibits negligible hysteresis and considerably improved thermal and long-term stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay traces the development of Isaiah Berlin's conception of history from the 1930s to the 1960s, extrapolating the ways in which he responded to and dismantled the monist and determinist claims by logical positivists and scientific rationalists, which were alleged to repudiate unrealised possibilities and men's voluntary power in history. Berlin's elaboration of such notions as 'concepts and categories' as governing principles dictating the intellectual features of a given society not only lays a conceptual foundation for intellectual history, but also underscores historicity as a dimension of paramount importance to the study of mankind. Making use of Berlin's correspondence with the American philosopher Morton White, this essay examines their abortive project on the philosophy of history. Apathetic about any analytic anatomy of historical knowledge, Berlin was much more interested in exploring the emergence of historical understanding as a distinctive type of knowledge demarcated from other—in particular scientific—forms of knowledge in European history of ideas. Berlin's ideas of history thus make a case for the history of ideas as an intellectual practice, whereas his history of ideas delineates the development of a particular idea of history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]