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Watchman Nee's anthropology has been widely debated and polarized in academic fields. However, Watchman Nee's concept of human and the problem of ecclesiastical practices have often been overlooked in contemporary Chinese mainland churches. In the first three sections, this paper will start from different Chinese mainland denominations' interpretation of Nee's concept of human and their corresponding ecclesiastical practices. On the one hand, through the interpretive attitudes of different denominations toward the "concept of human" and their related ecclesiastical practices, we can see the situation of acceptance of Nee's anthropology in different contemporary Chinese denominations. On the other hand, we can also provide feedback for the academic research on Nee's anthropology from the reality of contemporary Chinese mainland churches. Then, this paper will make a comparison of anthropologies between Luther and Watchman Nee, referring to the current study of Martin Luther and the Third Enlightenment in China. The comparative study of these two men will not only open up new avenues for the study of their theologies but will also serve Chinese mainland churches by utilizing the results of the research on Nee's thoughts and Martin Luther and the Third Enlightenment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accurately deciphering clonal copy number substructure can provide insights into the evolutionary mechanism of cancer, and clustering single-cell copy number profiles has become an effective means to unmask intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH). However, copy numbers inferred from single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNA-seq) data are error-prone due to technically confounding factors such as amplification bias and allele-dropout, and this makes it difficult to precisely identify the ITH. Results: We introduce a hybrid model called scGAL to infer clonal copy number substructure. It combines an autoencoder with a generative adversarial network to jointly analyze independent single-cell copy number profiles and gene expression data from same cell line. Under an adversarial learning framework, scGAL exploits complementary information from gene expression data to relieve the effects of noise in copy number data, and learns latent representations of scDNA-seq cells for accurate inference of the ITH. Evaluation results on three real cancer datasets suggest scGAL is able to accurately infer clonal architecture and surpasses other similar methods. In addition, assessment of scGAL on various simulated datasets demonstrates its high robustness against the changes of data size and distribution. scGAL can be accessed at: https://github.com/zhyu-lab/scgal. Conclusions: Joint analysis of independent single-cell copy number and gene expression data from a same cell line can effectively exploit complementary information from individual omics, and thus gives more refined indication of clonal copy number substructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extent to which resting-state hemodynamics reflects the underlying neural activity is still under debate. Especially in the delta frequency band (0.5–4 Hz), it is unclear whether the hemodynamics can directly track the dynamics of underlying neural activity. Based on a recent report showing that ketamine administration induced a 1-Hz neural activity oscillation in the retrosplenial cortex, we conducted simultaneous recordings of the calcium signal and hemodynamics in mice and examined whether the hemodynamics tracked the oscillatory neural activity. Although we observed that the oscillation induced by ketamine appeared in the calcium signal, no sign of oscillation was detected in the simultaneously recorded hemodynamics. Consistently, there was a notable decrease in the correlation between simultaneously recorded calcium signal and hemodynamics. However, on a much longer time scale (10–60 min), we unexpectedly observed an ultraslow increase of hemodynamic signals specifically in the same cortical region exhibiting the neural activity oscillation. These results indicated that hemodynamics cannot track the 1-Hz oscillation in neural activity, although the presence of neural activity oscillation was detectable on a longer timescale. Such ultraslow hemodynamics may be useful for detecting abnormal neural activity induced by psychotic drugs or mental disorders. • Mouse brain calcium and hemodynamic activities were recorded. • Ketamine injection induced 1-Hz oscillations in the retrosplenial cortex. • The 1-Hz oscillations absent in the hemodynamic signal. • An ultraslow hemodynamic change was observed after the ketamine injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The twin-roll strip casting (TRSC) process was introduced because of its sub-rapid solidification characteristics, and the element segregation and ageing precipitation of the Cu-6Ni-1.4Si-0.1Cr alloy were studied. The results are as follows: TRSC can effectively refine grain size and inhibit the segregation of the Cu-6Ni-1.4Si-0.1Cr alloy. Two types of precipitates are formed mainly during the ageing process: disk-shaped δ-Ni2Si and rod-shaped β-Ni3Si. The comprehensive properties of the alloy are improved, and the precipitation strengthening mechanism is either from the dislocation shearing mechanism or the Orowan mechanism in different stages of ageing. The Cu-6Ni-1.4Si-0.1Cr alloy achieves optimum performance after ageing at 350°C for 4 h, where the tensile strength and conductivity are 1112 MPa and 27.35% IACS, respectively. The Avrami equations were established for the alloy to describe the kinetics of phase transformation and electrical conductivity during ageing, and the calculated results are consistent with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remediation of contaminated soil and sediments has been drawing our attention, efficient and eco-friendly technologies are urgently needed for the removal of pollutants in soil and sediments. Although conventional remediation technologies have been in application for decades and have achieved great performance, the significant drawbacks limit their application (e.g., complicated operation and secondary pollution). Microbial electrochemical system (MES) has been intensively studied as a promising technology for soil/sediment remediation. Compared with other technologies, soil/sediment MES (SMES) exhibited many potential benefits, such as adequate electron acceptors, self-sustained operation, and facile control. However, due to the diversity of soil/sediment contamination and the significant difference in the remediation performance of conventional SMES, it is imperative to develop strategies for enhancing the remediation performance of SMES. In this review, we briefly introduce the removal mechanisms of different pollutants, including the mechanisms of electron releasing, transportation, and receiving. Afterward, we comprehensively present a detailed discussion of the recent progress in the enhancement of soil/sediment remediation in terms of reactor configurations, electrode arrangements, and electrode materials. Moreover, different materials used to amend soil/sediments and their corresponding enhancement principles are summarized in detail. Finally, we discuss the current emerging limitations of SMES and the future research endeavors to improve the performance and promote the practical application. Therefore, this review can fill the gaps in SMES development and guide the practical application in contaminated soil/sediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately model recognition of mobile device is of great significance for identifying copycat device and protecting intellectual property rights. Although existing methods have realized high-accuracy recognition about device's category and brand, the accuracy of model recognition still needs to be improved. For that, we propose Recognizer, a high-accuracy model recognition method of mobile device based on weighted feature similarity. We extract 20 features from the network traffic and physical attributes of device, and design feature similarity metric rules, and calculate inter-device similarity further. In addition, we propose feature importance evaluation strategies to assess the role of feature in recognition and determine the weight of each feature. Finally, based on all or part of 20 features, the similarity between the target device and known devices is calculated to recognize the brand and model of target device. Based on 587 models of mobile devices of 17 widely used brands such as Apple and Samsung, we carry out device recognition experiments. The results show that Recognizer can identify the device's brand and model than existing methods more effectively. In average, the model recognition accuracy of Recognizer is 99.08% (+ 9.25%↑) when using 20 features and 92.08% (+ 29.26%↑) when using 13 features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Modeling the uncertainty of attention modules. • Improving the generalization ability of attention models. • Mitigating the degradation issue that appears in the reparameterized attention. • Improving the image classification performance of different attention models on different datasets consistently. The attention mechanism has been widely explored for neural networks as it could effectively model the interdependencies among channels, spatial positions, and frames. A neural network with attention modules has uncertainties in its parameters, but training the models deterministically hardly captures the uncertainties. Modeling the parameters' uncertainty of the attention module could facilitate flexibly capturing the representative patterns, thus promoting the generalization of the models. In this work, we propose a novel reparameterized attention strategy by modeling the uncertainty of the parameters in the attention module and performing uncertainty-aware optimization. Instead of learning deterministic parameters for the attention modules, our strategy learns variational posterior distributions. The experimental results show that our strategy could consistently improve different models' accuracy and reduce the generalization gap without extra computation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microstructural evolution of Cu–3Ti–2Ni alloy under primary and secondary cold rolling combined aging was investigated through various characterization techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the electrical and mechanical properties during different stages of aging were examined to reveal the organizational changes and performance variations of Cu–3Ti–2Ni alloy under primary and secondary aging. This study revealed that the alloy exhibited optimal primary aging performance at 450 °C for 4 h, with a strength of 954 MPa and an electrical conductivity of 21.5 %IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard for Conductivity). In comparison to primary aging, both strength and electrical conductivity were effectively improved under secondary aging conditions. The optimum secondary aging process was determined to be aging at 400 °C for 3 h, resulting in a strength of 1133 MPa and an electrical conductivity of 24.2 %IACS. During the aging process, the matrix witnessed the formation of numerous elliptical disc-shaped NiTi and Ni 3 Ti phases. Notably, the interface of NiTi phases exhibited a stronger coherency effect compared to Ni 3 Ti. β′-Cu 4 Ti precipitated uniformly within the matrix during aging, enhancing the alloy's strength. A recovery and recrystallization process occurred during aging, leading to the formation of sub-grains within the matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dehydration of layer metal hydroxides at controlled annealing temperatures is an efficient strategy for regulating the material properties. In this work, we studied the dehydration process of α-Co(OH) 2 with flower-like nanostructure under various conditions and explored their gas sensing application. Stable dehydrated α-Co(OH) 2 obtained by solidification in air at 140 °C, exhibits specific selective low-temperature gas-sensing behavior for Et 3 N. The response to 50 ppm Et 3 N was up to 9.52 at 140 °C operating temperature with short response and recovery time. The sensor is the high reversibility and the excellent reproducibility with ppb level detection limit. The partial oxidation of the dehydration α-Co(OH) 2 in the air has a significant impact on the sensing performance. The large specific surface area of the dehydration α-Co(OH) 2 affords rich reactive sites for both reaction and adsorption of Et 3 N molecules. This research provides a new solution for building low-temperature high-performance amine sensor. [Display omitted] • A stable dehydration α-Co(OH) 2 phase obtained via controlling the annealing temperature at 140 °C in the air. • Specific selectivity to Et 3 N with low operating temperature and ppb level detection limit. • Partial oxidation and the large specific area of the dehydration α-Co(OH) 2 leads to the high sensing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Bioelectro-barriers based on electroactive bacteria were first constructed. • Bioelectro-barriers achieved nearly 100 % nitrate interception through DNRA. • Periodic application of weak electricity can consistently prevent nitrate leaching. • Bioelectro-barriers were universal for nitrate interception in more diverse areas. • G. sulfurreducens was found to efficiently secrete nitrite reductase for rapid DNRA. Groundwater, the main freshwater resource for humans, has been widely contaminated with nitrate from fertilizers. Here, we report a new and chemical-free strategy to prevent nitrate leaching from soil based on the enrichment of electroactive bacteria, mainly of the genus Geobacter , with bioelectro-barriers, which leads to a nearly 100 % interception of nitrate and partly conserves reactive nitrogen in the form of weakly mobile ammonium by dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). G. sulfurreducens was recognized to efficiently secrete nitrite reductase (NrfA) for rapid DNRA because it lacks nitrate reductase, which inhibits DNRA by competing with nitrite and producing toxic intracellular nitric oxide. With an increase in G. sulfurreducens abundance, near-zero nitrate leaching and 3-fold greater N retention was achieved. Periodic application of weak electricity to the bioelectro-barrier ensured the dominance of G. sulfurreducens in the microbial community and therefore its ability to consistently prevent nitrate leaching. The ability of G. sulfurreducens to intercept nitrate was further demonstrated in more diverse agricultural soils, providing a novel way to prevent nitrate leaching and conserve bioavailable nitrogen in the soil, which has broader implications for both sustainable agriculture and groundwater protection. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides, namely the MXenes, attract more and more attentions due to their unique properties. Here, we report a simple one-step molten salt etching method to prepare Co modified MXene hybrid (Ti 3 C 2 T x :Co) by the reaction of Ti 3 AlC 2 with Lewis acid CoCl 2 at 750 °C. Most of Co atoms aggregates in the interlayered space of Ti 3 C 2 T x. Benefitting from the improved electron charge transfer efficiency and increased active sites, the sulfuric acid treated Ti 3 C 2 T x :Co-12h hybrid exhibits excellent electrocatalytical activity for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media, delivering a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 103.6 mV, which is lower than most noble metal free MXene based electrocatalysts. The results illustrate that the proposed method is very facile and useful to incorporate mid-to-late transition metals into the MXene phase to prepare MXene based HER electrocatalysts. [Display omitted] • Cobalt modified MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x :Co is prepared by a simple one-step approach. • Most of Co atoms are aggregated in the interlayered space of MXene. • The Co modified MXene hybrid shows excellent HER catalytical performance. • The overpotential is 103.6 mV to reach a current of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Microbial electrochemical systems recover reactive nitrogen instead of removing it. • The principles and various technologies for the recovery are reviewed. • The factors affecting recovery efficiency are systematically analyzed. • Positive energy balance and efficient recovery make the recovery competitive. As a key component of biosynthesis and an essential nutrient for biogeochemical cycles, nitrogen is also one of the key contaminants and nutrients in diverse wastewater. Almost all wastewater treatment plants prefer to remove reactive nitrogen from wastewater, which not only consumes a lot of resources and energy, but also loses bio-available nitrogen from our eco-system. Thus, the recovery of reactive nitrogen is more ecologically and economically beneficial than its removal. Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) is a promising strategy to recover reactive nitrogen from wastewater. The reactive nitrogen is concentrated by an electric field driven by the BESs to form N-enriched streams, which can be directly used as a product or further recovered by stripping and transmembrane chemisorption. However, the engineering application of BESs is still in its infancy, and there are still some theoretical knowledge gaps and technical challenges to be overcome. Therefore, in this review, the principles and various corresponding technologies for reactive nitrogen recovery via BESs are comprehensively presented, and the impact of pH, nitrogen loading, the composition of wastewater, etc. on the efficiency of nitrogen recovery by BESs are analyzed. The energy balance, environmental impact and limitations of BESs are further discussed for better engineering application. This review provides future research priorities for the recovery of reactive nitrogen by BESs, including scale-up applications of BESs and the trade-off between nitrogen recovery efficiency and energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The potential influence of Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) on the efficacy of tympanoplasty is controversial. Objective: This study aims to investigate the correlation between Eustachian tube function (ETF) and outcomes of type I tympanoplasty for chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). Materials and Methods: 53 patients with CSOM and receiving type I tympanoplasty were divided into a dysfunction group (Eustachian tube score; ETS ≤ 5points) and a normal group (ETS > 5 points) according to their preoperative ETS. During the one-year follow-up, the ETS, hearing results, and eardrum condition of the patients were recorded and analyzed. Results: The ETS improved significantly from 2.57 (±1.73SD) to 4.68 (±2.00SD), while the mean air–bone gap (ABG) decreased significantly from 20.94 (±9.04SD) dB to 16.43 (±9.06SD) dB in the dysfunction group (p <.05). The postoperative ABG showed no significant difference in the two groups. The healing rate of the tympanic membrane was 96.43% in the dysfunction group, and 100% in the normal group. Conclusions and significance: The ETF was significantly improved after type I tympanoplasty for CSOM combined with ETD, and the postoperative efficacy was not adversely affected. The ETD may not influence the outcomes of type I tympanoplasty for CSOM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Biomimetic strategy for LPS elimination and sepsis treatment. • Integration of nature cell membranes and artificial materials. • Enhanced stability of cell membranes by fusion with PEGylated-lipids. • Prolonged circulation of cell membranes by fusion with PEGylated-lipids. Sepsis is a life-threatening condition resulting from bacterial or fungal infections. Common treatments for sepsis, such as antibiotic therapy, are far from satisfactory. Because endotoxin (LPS) is a major pathogenic factor in sepsis caused by gram-negative bacterial infections, neutralization of LPS is a promising therapeutic target. To effectively eliminate LPS, in the current study, a macrophage-mimetic hybrid liposome (M-Lipo) was developed by fusing a macrophage membrane (M-membrane) with artificial lipids. The M-membrane could provide an intrinsic binding site for LPS. The artificial PEGylated lipid could stabilize the natural membrane and prolong the circulation of M-Lipo in the bloodstream. These two membranes could complement one another and extend their biofunction as they were integrated. The results showed that M-Lipo had surface proteins similar to those of macrophages and could substantially adsorb LPS. With the help of the PEGylated lipids, M-Lipo presented much better stability than the bare M-membrane vesicle. In addition, the pharmacokinetic results revealed that M-Lipo clearly had longer retention (∼16%) in blood (at 12 h) than the natural M-membrane (∼3.3%). By combining these properties, the hybrid M-Lipo not only reduced the toxicity of LPS in vitro but also protected the mouse against endotoxic shock in vivo. In conclusion, the hybrid liposome M-Lipo has the advantages of both natural membranes and artificial materials, eventually leading to the successful treatment of sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Localized and long-term delivery of growth factors has been a long-standing challenge for stem cell-based tissue engineering. In the current study, a polymeric drug depot-anchoring hydrogel scaffold was developed for the sustained release of macromolecules to enhance the differentiation of stem cells. Self-assembling peptide (RADA16)-modified drug depots (RDDs) were prepared and anchored to a RADA16 hydrogel. The anchoring effect of RADA16 modification on the RDDs was tested both in vitro and in vivo . It was shown that the in vitro leakage of RDDs from the RADA16 hydrogel was significantly less than that of the unmodified drug depots (DDs). In addition, the in vivo retention of injected hydrogel-incorporated RDDs was significantly longer than that of hydrogel-incorporated unmodified DDs. A model drug, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), was encapsulated in RDDs (V-RDDs) as drug depot that was then anchored to the hydrogel. The release of VEGF could be sustained for 4 weeks. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were cultured on the V-RDDs-anchoring scaffold and enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation were observed, compared with a VEGF-loaded scaffold. Furthermore, this scaffold laden with EPCs promoted neovascularization in an animal model of hind limb ischemia. These results demonstrate that self-assembling hydrogel-anchored drug-loaded RDDs are promising for localized and sustained drug release, and can effectively enhance the proliferation and differentiation of resident stem cells, thus lead to successful tissue regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Unification of limited carbon source in biofilm formation and pollutant removal. • MES with limited bioavailable carbon source was more active in phenol degradation. • Limited acetate stimulated enrichment of phenol-degrading microorganisms. • Low-carbon microbial network was established under carbon source constraint. • Whole process carbon source limitation was more suitable for wastewater treatment. Microbial electrochemical system employs electroactive microorganisms as catalysts to generate energy and remove pollutants. The formation of electroactive biofilms (EABs) is essential to efficient pollutant removal as it provides the opportunity for microbial interspecies interaction. Bioavailable carbon source serves as the material basis for the energy supply, and its concentration plays a decisive role in EAB formation and pollutant removal. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of how bioavailable carbon source concentration affects microbial interspecies communication and metabolic activity during EAB formation and pollutant degradation have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, phenol was used as the pollutant to evaluate the performance of EABs formed at different acetate loadings (0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 g/L, marked as EAB-0.2 to 1.0). More phenol degrading microorganisms were enriched in EAB-0.2, achieving better phenol removal. Limited bioavailable carbon source forced microorganisms to adjust metabolites, thus facilitating the interspecies interaction. The close linkage between the up-regulated metabolic pathways facilitated the tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to faster substrate metabolism. We demonstrated that EAB cultivated in a limited organic environment was more active in pollutant removal, which was essential to guide the application of MES in industrial wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To define responses of short-term nutrient uptake in Ulva prolifera , we measured uptake rates, enzyme activity, and tissue nutrient content in lab experiments where we manipulated nutrient supply and irradiation. Nitrate uptake of U. prolifera was significantly impacted by the external nitrate concentrations, and ammonium uptake was mainly determined by the light availability. The measured nitrogen contents in tissues were higher than the calculated values from the uptake of dissolve inorganic nitrogen, indicating that U. prolifera might use multiple nitrogen sources. High external phosphate concentrations and sufficient light can accelerate the phosphate uptake of U. prolifera , while the measured phosphorus contents in tissues were lower than the calculated values from the uptake of phosphate, suggesting a possibility of internal phosphorus release. The enzymatic activities of nitrate reductase (NR), acid phosphatase (AcP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) showed little changes, indicating that enzymatic activity might not a direct factor determining the short-term nutrient uptake of U. prolifera . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of hydrophobically associating copolymers of acrylamide and hydrophobic stearyl methacrylate as comonomers were prepared by microemulsion polymerization. The rheological properties of the copolymers in aqueous solution depended on the content of hydrophobic monomer, initiator amount, surfactant concentration, the copolymer concentration and the addition of salt. The hydrophobically associating copolymers showed good temperature, shear, and salt resistance with the critical aggregation concentration around 0.6 g dL. In addition, the apparent viscosities of hydrophobically associating copolymer solutions are increased remarkably by the addition of a small amount of NaCl and CaCl, respectively. FTIR and H-NMR spectra indicate the structure of hydrophobically associating copolymers. The shear-thinning behavior of hydrophobically associating copolymer makes it useful in enhanced oil recovery and drilling fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A conductive network was formed by the magnetite and external electrode. • The removal of TPHs increased by 174–232% relative to PCK. • The reduction of iron oxide and NO 3 −-N was facilitated. • A reinforced synergistic network of functional microflora was constructed. • The metabolic pathway of aromatics were up-regulated. The combined bioremediation of microorganisms and plant roots is an environmentally friendly soil remediation technology with the application prospect. The inefficiency of electron transfer hinders the decomposition of reluctant petroleum hydrocarbons and the further absorption by plant roots in plant-rhizosphere microbial electrochemical system. A conductive network of extracellular electron transfer was constructed in this study by the combination of magnetite and external electrode, committed to strengthening the process of Direct interspecific electron transfer (DIET), Dissimilation iron reduction (DIR), and long-distance electron transport. The microbial conversions of C, N, and Fe related to the hydrocarbon removal were investigated in the compound remediation system (Fe + MEC). Compared with the control group (PCK), an increased 174–232% of Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) was removed from Fe + MEC, accompanied by the generation of bio-current. Synchronously, the reduction of iron oxide (mainly DIR) and nitrogen (mainly denitrification) was promoted due to the rapid transfer of extracellular electrons. A reinforced synergistic network of the potential degradation, denitrification, and iron-reducing/exoelectrogenic bacteria was constructed in the compound system, which may be connected through the magnetite-mediated electron transport chain. The results in this study provide an insight into the impasse overcoming of inefficient electron transfer during the remediation of organic contaminated soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azo dye pollution has become a worldwide issue, and the current treatment methods can hardly meet the expected emission standards. Microbial electrochemical systems (MESs) show promising applications for decolorization, but their performance critically depends on the microorganisms. Electrode modification is an interesting method of improving decolorization performance. However, the mechanisms of how the modification can affect microbial communities and the decolorization process remain unclear. Here, a modified anode with polyaniline (PANI) and graphene was fabricated via electro-deposition. Consequently, the highest decolorization efficiency was obtained. The Congo red (CR) decolorization rate of the MESs with the PANI/graphene-modified electrode (PG) reached 90% at 54 h. By contrast, the CR decolorization rates of the MESs with the PANI-modified electrode (P) and those of the MESs with the unmodified electrode (C) only reached 68% and 79%, respectively. Results of the microbial community analysis showed abundant Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus in PG (11%), which was 5.5 times that in C (2%) at 18 h. This phenomenon may be related to the rapid decolorization. The upregulated metabolism pathways, including arginine and proline metabolism, purine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and riboflavin metabolism, provided more electron shuttles and redox mediators that facilitated the extracellular electron transfer. Therefore, the PG-modified electrode facilitated the decolorization by altering certain metabolic pathways. This study can help to improve the guideline on the potential application of MESs for wastewater treatment. [Display omitted] • Congo Red decolorization reached 95% with polyaniline/graphene modified anode. • Electrode modification resisted toxicity of Congo red to electroactive biofilms. • Methanobrevibacter and Microbacter were more enriched with modified anode. • Modified anode resulted in upregulation of some metabolic substances and pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finger citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle), a type of citrus with high ornamental and medicinal values, were used as raw material for beverage and wine making. Depends on the origin, the key aroma compounds of the fruit may vary. The aim of this study is to identify interspecific differences in finger citron and to provide a reference for the evaluation of finger citron fruit flavor, variety improvement and selection of new varieties. In the present study headspace solid phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were used to analyze and identify the volatiles of 4 different varieties of finger citron from four different locations (Zhejiang, Guangzhou, Yunnan and Sichuan). Their similarities and differences were further analyzed by Venn diagram. The relative odor activity value (ROAV), heat map, radar map and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were used to determine the key volatiles of finger citron. The results showed that 68 volatiles were detected in different varieties of finger citron, among which 16 key volatiles had ROAV ≥1. Geraniol and d‐limonene had a greater influence on the aroma of finger citron. The main aroma of finger citron in the four regions was the citrus aroma. ZFC had the most abundant flavor, with obvious woody and herbal flavors, which was suitable for the breeding of finger citron with partial herbal flavor. GFC was suitable for breeding finger citron which was on the sweet side. Compared with SFC, YFC was more suitable for breeding finger citron with floral flavor. This study mainly investigates the flavor differences of different varieties of finger citron to provide theoretical support for the subsequent product development. Novelty Impact Statement: This study found that finger citron from Zhejiang, Sichuan, Guangdong, and Yunnan provinces in China had different aroma characteristics. The odor of finger citron from Guangdong was sweet, the odor of finger citron from Zhejiang was more herbal, and the odor of finger citron from Yunnan and Sichuan was more floral. This provided a theoretical basis for the subsequent application and breeding of finger citron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soil contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons has been a global environmental problem and its remediation is urgent. A combined phyto-microbial-electrochemical system (PMES) was constructed to repair the oil-contaminated soil in this study. During the 42-day operation time, a total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) of 18.0 ± 3.0% were removed from PMES, which increased by 414% compared with the control group (CK1). The supervision of physicochemical properties of pore water in soil exhibited an enhanced microbial consumption of the total organic carbon (TOC) and N source under the applied potential with the generation of bio-current. The microbial succession indicated that the Dietzia , Georgenia and Malbranchea possibly participated in the degradation and current output in PMES. And a collaborative network of potential degrading microorganisms including unclassified norank_f__JG30-KF-CM45 (in Chloroflexi), Dietzia and Malbranchea was discovered in PMES. While the functional communities of microorganism were re-enriched with the reconstructed interactions in the system which was started with the sterilized soil (S+MEC). The superiority of TPHs degradation in S+MEC compared to P + CK2 (removing the electrochemical effect relative to CK1) revealed the key role of external potential in regulating the degradation microflora. The study provided a strategy of the potential regulated phyto-microbial interaction for the removal of TPHs. [Display omitted] • The first attempt of combined phyto-microbial-electrochemical system in soil. • The removal of TPHs using PMES was 414% higher than that in control (CK1). • The biocurrent averaged on 0.45 ± 0.12 mA was generated from PMES on day 10. • Microbial communities were reallocated in the constructed composite system. • Metabolic networks of rhizosphere microflora were shaped in PMES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gangliosides are immunosuppressive cell surface molecules that are often present in high concentrations in and shed actively by tumor cells. These molecules inhibit the antitumor immune response that is implicated in tumor rejection. We therefore determined the ability of tumor cells pharmacologically depleted of gangliosides to form tumors in mice.Methods: We tested a ganglioside-rich subline of B16 murine melanoma, MEB4, and MEB4 cells that had been depleted of endogenous gangliosides by incubation with 0.5 microM 1-phenyl-2-hexadecanoylamino-3-pyrrolidino-1-propanol, a specific inhibitor of the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase. Tumor formation was assessed twice a week for 10 weeks after the intradermal injection of tumor cells, and metastatic potential was assessed 4 weeks after tail vein injection of tumor cells. All P values are from two-sided tests.Results: Reduction of the ganglioside content of MEB4 cells, which was not cytotoxic to cells and did not inhibit cell proliferation in vitro, markedly reduced their ability to form tumors. Only 40% of the mice given an intradermal injection of 10(5) ganglioside-depleted MEB4 cells developed tumors compared with 100% of the mice given an injection of 10(5) control MEB4 cells (P<.001). Ganglioside depletion also reduced metastasis: A mean of five pulmonary metastases was detected per mouse given an injection of 2 x 10(5) ganglioside-depleted MEB4 cells compared with a mean of 25 per mouse given an injection of 2 x 10(5) control MEB4 cells.Conclusion: Tumor cells with a pharmacologically decreased concentration of gangliosides produce fewer tumors in mice than do untreated cells, suggesting that pharmacologic depletion of gangliosides should be explored further as a therapeutic approach to cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is meaningful to search high-efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Here, we report the preparation of ultrafine Ru nanoparticles from a hybrid of ZIF-L(Co) MOF and polydopamine coated few-layered Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene (FL-Ti 3 C 2 T x). FL-Ti 3 C 2 T x is used as a template to grow regular leaf-shaped ZIF-L(Co) nanosheets through the reaction of Co ions anchored on the MXene surface with 2-methylimidazole. The obtained hybrid is then doped with Ru ions through ion exchange between Ru and Co ions, followed by thermal annealing at a temperature of 350 °C in an Ar atmosphere to produce ultrafine Ru nanoparticles. The obtained Ru@ZIF-L(Co)/FL-Ti 3 C 2 T x nanocomposite shows outstanding HER performance with a low overpotential of 16.2 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 21.0 mV dec−1 and excellent stability in 1.0 M KOH solution. This work provides a new strategy for the design and synthesis of highly efficient HER catalyst via MOFs with tunable composition and structure. [Display omitted] • A strategy is developed to prepare ultrafine Ru nanoparticles derived from ZIF-L(Co). • Regular leaf-shaped ZIF-L(Co) nanosheets are formed by using FL-Ti 3 C 2 T x as templates. • The hybrid Ru@ZIF-L(Co)/FL-Ti 3 C 2 T x shows excellent HER performance in alkaline media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of sensors with excellent and low detection limits is critical for detecting trimethylamine (TMA) in seafood safety monitoring and healthcare. Herein, WO3 flower-like structures functionalized with NiWO4 were fabricated using a combination of solvothermal and hydrothermal methods and subsequently utilized in gas sensors for TMA detection. The gas-sensing results demonstrated that the incorporation of NiWO4 nanoparticles onto the WO3 surface reduced the optimal operating temperature and further enhanced the selectivity and response to TMA. Representatively, the 10-NiWO4/WO3 sensor exhibited a sensing response of 12.05 to 10 ppm TMA, along with rapid response/recovery times (14/17 s), a low theoretical detection limit of 14.26 ppb, a wide detection range, and excellent long-term stability at 150 °C. These improved capabilities are primarily ascribed to the modulation of surface carrier concentration within the n–n heterojunction at the NiWO4/WO3 interface, coupled with the catalytic promotion effect of NiWO4 on gas-sensing reactions, and the unique hierarchical flower-like structures. This study highlights the considerable potential of 3D flower-like NiWO4/WO3 heterostructures as a highly promising sensing material for TMA gas sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we introduce a catalytic system consisting of Pd (OAc)2/Xantphos/Al (OTf)3, which exhibits excellent reactivity in catalyzing the hydroesterification of a wide range of substrates, including electron‐deficient unsaturated acids/esters, aliphatic alkenes, functionalized styrenes, and phenylacetylenes. The catalytic system featured high reactivity and selectivity, low catalyst loading, wide substrate scope, and low CO pressure. Importantly, it eliminated the need for corrosive strong Brønsted acid additives, yielding alkyl‐ or aryl‐substituted dicarboxylic acid esters and monocarboxylic acid ester derivatives that hold significant industrial and pharmaceutical value. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction proceeds via the palladium hydride pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the major influence of soils on climate change, carbon sequestration, pollution remediation, and food security, soil remains a largely unexplored media with an extreme complexity of microbes, minerals, and dead organic matter, most of them being actually poorly known. In particular, soil biofilms have recently attracted attention because they strongly influence biogeochemical reactions and processes. Here we review biofilms with focus on their behavior, proliferation, distribution, characterization methods, and applications. Characterization methods include optical, electron, scanning probe, and X-ray microscopy; metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, metabolomics; and tracking approaches. Applications comprise pollution remediation by metal immobilization or organics degradation; and methane oxidation, carbon dioxide reduction, and carbon sequestration. Advanced methods such as DNA-stable isotope probing and meta-omics have uncovered the multiple functions of soil biofilms and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Investigations have improved our understanding of inter- and intra-kingdom interactions, and of gene transfer. Extracellular materials such as polysaccharides enhance the transport of substances and electrons flow among microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-efficiency method to deal with pollutants must be found because environmental problems are becoming more serious. Photocatalytic oxidation technology as the environmentally-friendly treatment method can completely oxidate organic pollutants into pollution-free small-molecule inorganic substances without causing secondary pollution. As a widely used photocatalyst, titanium dioxide (TiO2) can greatly improve the degradation efficiency of pollutants, but several problems are noted in its practical application. TiO2 modified by different materials has received extensive attention in the field of photocatalysis because of its excellent physical and chemical properties compared with pure TiO2. In this review, we discuss the use of different materials for TiO2 modification, highlighting recent developments in the synthesis and application of TiO2 composites using different materials. Materials discussed in the article can be divided into nonmetallic and metallic. Mechanisms of how to improve catalytic performance of TiO2 after modification are discussed, and the future development of modified TiO2 is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of a 30% predeformation treatment on the high‐temperature oxidation behavior of 436 stainless steel is investigated by oxidizing it at 900 °C for 100 h in air. After 48 h of oxidation, the undeformed sample primarily exhibits bilayer structures consisting of Cr‐rich oxide and outer Fe oxide, while the predeformed sample predominantly displays a single‐layer structure composed of Cr oxide. The oxidation mechanisms of predeformed and undeformed samples are clarified from the point of recrystallization through oxidation kinetic curves, surface and section micrographs, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and line scanning characterization methods. The results show that after 1 h of oxidation, the grain size of the undeformed sample is 34.6 μm, and the grain size of the predeformed sample is 16.0 μm. This reduces the critical content required for the generation of protective Cr oxides and provides more diffusion channels for Cr elements, resulting in the formation of a greater amount of Cr oxides. Cr oxides can inhibit the formation of Fe and Mn oxides, thus delaying the onset of breakaway oxidation and improving its resistance to oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of experimental evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely associated with specific human diseases and play critical roles in their development and progression. Therefore, identifying miRNA related to specific diseases is of great significance for disease screening and treatment. In the early stages, the identification of associations between miRNAs and diseases demanded laborious and time-consuming biological experiments that often carried a substantial risk of failure. With the exponential growth in the number of potential miRNA-disease association combinations, traditional biological experimental methods face difficulties in processing massive amounts of data. Hence, developing more efficient computational methods to predict possible miRNA-disease associations and prioritize them is particularly necessary. In recent years, numerous deep learning-based computational methods have been developed and have demonstrated excellent performance. However, most of these methods rely on external databases or tools to compute various auxiliary information. Unfortunately, these external databases or tools often cover only a limited portion of miRNAs and diseases, resulting in many miRNAs and diseases being unable to match with these computational methods. Therefore, there are certain limitations associated with the practical application of these methods. To overcome the above limitations, this study proposes a multi-view computational model called MVNMDA, which predicts potential miRNA-disease associations by integrating features of miRNA and diseases from local views, global views, and semantic views. Specifically, MVNMDA utilizes known association information to construct node initial features. Then, multiple networks are constructed based on known association to extract low-dimensional feature embedding of all nodes. Finally, a cascaded attention classifier is proposed to fuse features from coarse to fine, suppressing noise within the features and making precise predictions. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, extensive experiments were conducted on the HMDD v2.0 and HMDD v3.2 datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that MVNMDA achieves better performance compared to other computational methods. Additionally, the case study results further demonstrate the reliable predictive performance of MVNMDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochars are low-cost and environmental-friendly materials, which are promising in wastewater treatment. In this study, biochars were manufactured from C-phycocyanin extracted (C-CP) Spirulina residue (SDBC) via thermal pyrolysis. Simultaneously, N-doping was also achieved from the protein in the algae for obtaining a high-performance carbocatalyst for peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation. The SDBC yielded large specific surface areas, nitrogen loading, and good conductivity, which demonstrated excellent oxidation efficiencies toward a wide array of aqueous microcontaminants. An in-depth mechanistic study was performed by integrating selective radical scavenging, solvent exchange (H 2 O to D 2 O), diverse organic probes, and electrochemical measurement, unveiling that SDBC/PDS did not rely on free radicals or singlet oxygen but a nonradical pathway. PDS intimately was bonded with a biochar (SDBC 900-acid, pyrolysis at 900 °C) to form a surface reactive complex that subsequently attacked an organic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) adsorbed on the biochar via an electron-transfer regime. During this process, the SDBC 900-acid played versatile roles in PDS activation, organic accumulation and mediating the electron shuttle from SMX to PDS. This nonradical system can maintain a superior oxidation efficiency in complicated water matrix and long-term stable operation. More importantly, the nonradical species in SDBC 900-acid/PDS system were capable of inactivating the bacteria (Escherichia coli) in wastewater. Therefore, the biochar based nonradical system can provide a mild and high-efficiency strategy for disinfection in waste and drinking water by green carbocatalysis. This study provides not only a value-added biochar catalyst for wastewater purification but also the first insight into the bacteria inactivation via nonradical oxidation. Image 1 • N-doped graphitic biochar (SDBC) was fabricated from Spirulina residue after C-phycocyanin extraction. • The protein in Spirulina residue works as natural nitrogen precursors. • The residual inorganic salts can function as pore forming agents. • SDBC were effective in persulfate activation for sulfamethoxazole degradation. • Carbon based nonradical oxidation can effectively inactivate bacteria in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new series of cationic ruthenium(II) complexes, [RuCl(PPh3)2(κ3-NNN-L1)]Cl (1), [RuH(PPh3)2(κ3-NNN-L2)]Cl (2), and [RuH(PPh3)2(κ3-NNN-L3)]Cl (3), bearing a 2,6-bis (1-R-5-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl) pyridine ligand (L1: R = H, L2: R = C6H4-p-CF3, L3: R = C6H4-p-OCH3), were synthesized and characterized with NMR, HRMS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their catalytic application was investigated in the acceptorless dehydrogenation (AD) of primary alcohols. Complex 1 outperformed 2 and 3 in terms of the selectivity towards the aldehydes, and provided the aldehydes with a yield of up to 99%, with good functional group tolerance under mild conditions. In addition, the only by-product of the reaction was dihydrogen, which can be collected as clean energy, and the reaction meets the requirements of environment-friendly chemistry. Complex 1 also proved to be a promising catalyst in the sequential AD/condensation reaction between the primary and secondary alcohols, affording α,β-unsaturated ketones in moderate to good selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in T2D have a potent suppressive effect on hepatic autophagy, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To explore the effect of insulin on hepatic autophagy and its possible signaling pathways, HL-7702 cells were treated with insulin with or without insulin signaling inhibitors. The interaction between insulin and the promoter region of GABARAPL1 was assessed through luciferase assay and EMSA. There were significant dose-dependent decreases in the number of intracellular autophagosomes and the protein levels of GABARAPL1 and beclin1 in insulin-treated HL-7702 cells. Insulin signaling inhibitors reversed the inhibitory effect of insulin on rapamycin-induced autophagy and autophagy-related gene upregulation. Insulin blocks the binding of FoxO1 to putative insulin response elements in GABARAPL1 gene promoter, leading to the repressed transcription of GABARAPL1 gene and the suppression of hepatic autophagy. Our study identified GABARAPL1 as a novel target of insulin in suppressing hepatic autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firefly algorithm (FA) is an excellent global optimizer based on swarm intelligence. Some recent studies show that FA was used to optimize various engineering problems. However, there are some drawbacks for FA, such as slow convergence rate and low precision solutions. To tackles these issues, a new and efficient FA (namely NEFA) is proposed. In NEFA, three modified strategies are employed. First, a new attraction model is used to determine the number of attracted fireflies. Second, a new search operator is designed for some better fireflies. Third, the step factor is dynamically updated during the iterations. Experiment verification is carried out on ten famous benchmark functions. Experimental results demonstrate that our new approach NEFA is superior to three other different versions of FA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Regulated disposal or re-utilization of dewatered sludge is of economic benefits and can avoid secondary contamination to the environment; however, feasible and effective management strategies are still lacking. In this study, a peroxydisulfate/zero-valent iron (PDS-ZVI) system is proposed to destroy proteins in soluble extracellular polymeric substances (S-EPS) and loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) in anaerobic digested sludge (ADS) to improve the dewaterability. Moreover, ADS derived biochars supported via iron oxides (Fe-ADSBC) were generated by dewatering and thermal annealing. Intriguingly, the iron species was discovered to gradually transform from Fe 3 O 4 to FeO with increased pyrolysis temperatures from 600 to 1000 °C. The manipulated iron species on the biochar can remarkably impact the catalytic activity in PDS activation and degradation of sulfamethazine (SMT). The in situ radical scavenging and capturing tests revealed that the principal reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Fe-ADSBC/PDS system experienced a variation from OH into SO 4 − at higher annealing temperature (1000 °C). In addition, the carbonaceous ADSBC can promote the catalytic activity of iron oxides by synergistically facilitating the adsorption of reactants and charge transfer through C O Fe bonds at the interfaces. This study enables the first insights into the properties and catalytic performance of Fe-ADSBC, meanwhile unveils the mechanism, reaction pathways, and environmental impacts of the ultimate transformation products (TPs) from SMT degradation in the Fe-ADSBC/PDS system. The study also contributes to developing value-added green biochar catalysts from bio-wastes towards environmental purification. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Persulfate/zero-valent iron was used for dewatering of anaerobic digested sludge (ADS). • The treated ADS was pyrolyzed for synthesis of iron oxides@biochar (Fe-ADSBCs). • Fe-ADSBCs were effective in persulfate activation for sulfamethazine degradation. • The activation and degradation mechanisms were comprehensively investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 1.5-layer quasi-geostrophic reduced gravity ocean circulation model is used to study the propagation of mesoscale eddies across a western boundary current (WBC) either leaping across or penetrating in an anti-cyclonic path through the gap. The steady leaping WBC nearly blocks all eddies from propagating across it through the gap completely. However, both cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies can migrate across a penetrating WBC in the vicinity of a gap, while inducing an opposite type of eddies on the cyclonic side of the WBC by weakening or strengthening the intrusion of the WBC. Both type of eddies gained strength from the WBC in the course of the propagation across the WBC in the gap. Eddies approaching the gap from the upstream are found to migrate more easily into the western basin due to the advection of the WBC. The migration speeds of the eddies are almost unchanged by the presence of the WBC in all experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A series of new and easily tunable diphosphine ligands have been synthesized. • Product selectivity in hydroformylation of strained dialkenes can be controlled. • Coordination modes of Rh complexes bearing the new ligand are analyzed. • Ligand effects on product selectivity and complex coordination modes are mentioned. We reported the synthesis of new and easily tunable diphosphine ligands L1 - L5 based on bis(1H-indol-3-yl)methane. Strained 2,5-norbornadiene and dicyclopentadiene were used as the substrates to elucidate the relationship between ligand structure and product selectivity in Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation. Details in NMR, HRMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that the coordination number and oxidation state could change rapidly upon exposure of RhI- L complexes to air. More importantly, the special structure of ligand which led to intramolecular methylene C–H oxidative addition to metal center could facilitate the hydroformylation reaction in an unexpected way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Seven CuI hybrid micron phosphors with the emission from blue 450 nm to red 636 nm were sustainably synthesized via the aqueous PVP micelle-assisted assembly route. • The micron phosphors present excellent stability in water and can be dispersed in the aqueous solution of PVP or PVA to form homogenous luminescent inks. • The applications including anticounterfeiting, free-standing monochromatic and multichromatic emitting films and phosphors for LEDs were demonstrated. Low-cost and eco-friendly CuI hybrid compounds with various structures have recently attracted increasing attention due to their excellent optical properties and promising phosphor applications. However, the poor solubility and solution processability of bulk powders with agglomerated particle limited their practical applications greatly. In this work, we reported the self-assembly formation of CuI hybrid micron phosphors via the aqueous PVP micelle-assisted assembly route. Seven CuI hybrid micron phosphors with the emission from blue 450 nm to red 636 nm have been successfully synthesized. Among them, CuI-pyridine hybrid micron phosphors can be obtained via the reaction of CuI with various pyridines. PVP limits the size growth of the phosphors efficiently and it also plays an important role in controlling the distinct crystal phase formation. Whereas, micron phosphors based on bidentate ligands including 2-propylpyrazine, 5-bromopyrimidine or 4,4′-bipyridine need to be prepared via ligand exchange reaction. The micron phosphors present excellent stability in water and can be dispersed in the aqueous solution of PVP or PVA to form homogenous luminescent composites. The luminescent composites based on PVP are easy to use for fabricating anti-counterfeiting patterns via brush-painting or screen-printing. On the other hand, PVA composites can be applied for preparing free standing monochromatic or multichromatic emitting films as color convertor for display backlight. The PVA composites also exhibit the promising phosphor application for light-emitting diode (LED). Especially, the white LED can be directly realized via optimizing the mixing ratio of blue and orange phosphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The first example of amide preparation by a tandem reaction of bimetallic cooperative catalytic amine acceptorless dehydrogenation and oxygen transfer of DMSO. • A plausible amide formation mechanism in which one Ru center combines with N atom of the mine and the other coordinate with the S atom of DMSO to enhance the transfer of oxygen of DMSO to amine to give amide has been proposed, • The role of DMSO was successfully demonstrated with the help of NMR, HRMS, IR, and D- and 18O-isotopic labelling studies. • Higher catalytic activity and selectivity, good functional groups tolerance. We have developed a new catalytic system for preparing amides by tandem acceptorless dehydrogenation of amines and oxygen transfer of DMSO. This system shows very good catalytic activity and selectivity, a variety of primary amines and even diamines are converted into the corresponding amides in good to quantitative yields (>99 %). The unprecedented catalytic performance of this binuclear ruthenium complex was attributed to a unique chelating model wherein one Ru center combines with N atom of RCH NH produced from the dehydrogenation of RCH 2 NH 2 and the other co-ordinates with the S atom of DMSO, thus bringing the DMSO and imine molecules into proximate to enhance the efficiency of the oxygen transfer from DMSO via a six-membered ring transition state. The mechanism study indicated that the oxygen in the product amides came from DMSO and C H bond cleavage in DMSO was the rate determining step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative bitopic phosphoramidite ligand L was proficiently synthesized and subsequently employed in coordination with two distinct metal species (AgI and RhI), leading to the construction of a heterometallic coordination polymer. The catalyst showcased remarkable performance in the hydroformylation of long-chain alkenes, displaying high activity and selectivity with a minimum yield of 90% for aldehydes. Operating as a heterogeneous catalyst, it not only demonstrated outstanding efficacy in facile separation from the product but also maintained a low rhodium loss per catalytic cycle. The catalyst exhibited exceptional stability, remaining high activity and selectivity over 10 successive reuses. Moreover, the RhAgL catalysts exhibit notable isomerization effects on alkenes, which promote the preferential formation of branched aldehydes in the resulting product. The straightforward synthetic strategy employed in preparing this highly effective catalyst introduced an innovative concept for heterogeneous catalysis, offering promising prospects for advancing industrial processes. This remarkable performance indicates the catalyst's potential for sustainable and efficient chemical transformations, highlighting its significance in driving advancements in catalytic technology for a variety of applications in industry.Graphical Abstract: An innovative bitopic phosphoramidite ligand L was proficiently synthesized and subsequently employed in coordination with two distinct metal species (AgI and RhI), leading to the construction of a heterometallic coordination polymer. The catalyst showcased remarkable performance in the hydroformylation of long-chain alkenes, displaying high activity and selectivity with a minimum yield of 90% for aldehydes. Operating as a heterogeneous catalyst, it not only demonstrated outstanding efficacy in facile separation from the product but also maintained a low rhodium loss per catalytic cycle. The catalyst exhibited exceptional stability, remaining high activity and selectivity over 10 successive reuses. Moreover, the RhAgL catalysts exhibit notable isomerization effects on alkenes, which promote the preferential formation of branched aldehydes in the resulting product. The straightforward synthetic strategy employed in preparing this highly effective catalyst introduced an innovative concept for heterogeneous catalysis, offering promising prospects for advancing industrial processes. This remarkable performance indicates the catalyst's potential for sustainable and efficient chemical transformations, highlighting its significance in driving advancements in catalytic technology for a variety of applications in industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1,4-Butanediol, an important chemical raw material, especially as the monomer of engineering plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PBT), plays a pivotal role in contemporary chemicals. A promising parallel approach is the linear-selective hydroformylation of inexpensive allyl acetate, which is economical yet challenging. Herein, we describe an atom-economic approach characterized by high selectivity for synthesizing 4-oxobutyl acetate through rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation using allyl acetate. This protocol affords the intermediate of valuable 1,4-butanediol in excellent yield (up to 95%) and exhibits excellent regioselectivity (linear/branched up to 164) under mild conditions (60 °C, 10 bar of syngas), effectively minimizing the formation of decomposed byproducts. The success of this protocol hinges on the use of a "Rh/POP-type ligand" in combination with either acetic acid or bulky anionic salts as additives. Preliminary mechanism studies show that the use of CH3COOH facilitates the formation of a tridentate κ3-P,O,P-coordination, which prevents the coordination of carbonyl with the Rh center, leading to the relatively high linear selectivity of 4-oxobutyl acetate. Furthermore, the successful application of this protocol in synthesizing 4-oxobutyl acetate at a scale of 3.8 g, employing low Rh-loading (0.05 mol%), highlights its potential for industrial applications.Graphical Abstract: 1,4-Butanediol, an important chemical raw material, especially as the monomer of engineering plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PBT), plays a pivotal role in contemporary chemicals. A promising parallel approach is the linear-selective hydroformylation of inexpensive allyl acetate, which is economical yet challenging. Herein, we describe an atom-economic approach characterized by high selectivity for synthesizing 4-oxobutyl acetate through rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation using allyl acetate. This protocol affords the intermediate of valuable 1,4-butanediol in excellent yield (up to 95%) and exhibits excellent regioselectivity (linear/branched up to 164) under mild conditions (60 °C, 10 bar of syngas), effectively minimizing the formation of decomposed byproducts. The success of this protocol hinges on the use of a "Rh/POP-type ligand" in combination with either acetic acid or bulky anionic salts as additives. Preliminary mechanism studies show that the use of CH3COOH facilitates the formation of a tridentate κ3-P,O,P-coordination, which prevents the coordination of carbonyl with the Rh center, leading to the relatively high linear selectivity of 4-oxobutyl acetate. Furthermore, the successful application of this protocol in synthesizing 4-oxobutyl acetate at a scale of 3.8 g, employing low Rh-loading (0.05 mol%), highlights its potential for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hybrid electrodes for planar micro-supercapacitors. • Synergistic Contribution of Activated Carbon and PEDOT:PSS with enhanced capacitance. • Effective loading of active materials onto microelectrodes using advanced Microplotter technique. The high-performance miniaturized micro-supercapacitors exhibit great potential due to their inherent properties of high-power density, fast charge–discharge rates, long cycle life, and wide working temperature range. However, there is a need to further enhance the energy density of micro-supercapacitors. In this study, we investigate a hybrid electrode material combination comprising activated carbon (AC) and polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) to fabricate symmetric micro-supercapacitors (SMSCs) and employ the advanced Microplotter technique for the effective loading of active materials onto microelectrodes. The combination of AC and PEDOT:PSS is fine-tuned to attain optimal charge storage. This involves leveraging the synergistic impact of electrical double-layer capacitance from AC and pseudocapacitance from PEDOT:PSS, resulting in enhanced charge storage performance. Additionally, PEDOT:PSS acts as a mixed ion–electron conducting adhesive, effectively binding AC particles together and facilitating the rapid transport of both ions and electrons. As a result, the AC-PEDOT:PSS SMSCs demonstrate an impressive charge storage performance compared to AC SMSCs. At 1 mA/cm2, the measured areal capacitance (device areal capacitances) is 29.5 mF/cm2 (11.8 mF/cm2) for AC-PEDOT:PSS and 15.7 mF/cm2 (6.3 mF/cm2) for AC SMSCs. Furthermore, the areal energies and powers, considering active materials, are found to be 2.79 µWh/cm2 at 0.8 mW/cm2, and considering the device area of the SMSC, they are 1.12 µWh/cm2 at 0.32 mW/cm2. Notably, the AC-PEDOT:PSS SMSCs exhibit a stable long-term capacitance with 85% capacitance retention even after 5000 cycles. This work highlights the significant potential of hybrid materials in improving energy storage performance and showcases the innovative application of the Microplotter technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The earth-abundant and cost-efficient CoCl 2 was employed to afford 1,4-dicarboxylic acid diesters under mild conditions. • The novel ligand (BiPyPhos) is the key to success. • This methodology features 100% atomic efficiency, time-saving, and acid-free. • The reaction affords the desired product directly, and an associative mechanism is proposed. Herein, we report a straightforward approach to access 1,4-dicarboxylic acid diesters via BiPyPhos-enabled cobalt-catalyzed bis-alkoxycarbonylation of alkynes. This strategy utilizes an earth-abundant and cost-efficient cobalt catalyst, free from acid additives or noble metal catalysts. The bifunctional ligand BiPyPhos plays a crucial character in both the rate-determining step and the stability of the cobalt catalytic system. The reaction delivers the product directly with an associative abstraction process. Mechanism studies coupled with NMR, FI-IR, HRMS, and single-crystal X-ray analysis indicate that the carbonyl cobalt hydride complex might be the catalytically active species. Utilizing CoCl 2 for bis-alkoxycarbonylation of alkynes has hardly any precedent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A direct C−H phosphonylation of pyridine by N‐benzylating activation is reported, which afforded 4‐pyridylphosphine oxides with high regioselectivity, without the employment of metal catalyst or expensive activator. By increasing the electrophilicity of pyridinium with electron‐withdrawing substituents on the N‐benzyl group, the phosphonylation process could be realized at room temperature. Control experiments and NMR investigation confirmed the interaction between DBU and diphenylphosphine oxide which generated the true phosphorus nucleophile. Moreover, DFT calculations offered enough insight into an intermolecular cooperative dehydrogenation‐debenzylation mechanism, which helped to elucidate the origin of C4‐regioselectivity in this metal‐free Chichibabin‐type phosphonylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An efficient and simple ligand derived from phthalandione was used for palladium catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction in water/ethanol (V/V =2/1) under aerobic conditions. The reaction exhibited a high catalytic efficiency even with lower Pd loading (0.002mol%). In this work, the catalyst could be successfully used in coupling reaction between various aryl halides with phenylboronic acid in excellent yields with high turnover number (TON) (the maximal TON was up to 49,000 for the reaction of bromobenzene with phenylboronic acid). Moreover, this new ligand had been elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and X-ray crystal diffraction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper reports the hydroformylation of 1-butene catalyzed by RhCI(CO)(TPPTS)2 (TPPTS: P(m-C6H4SO3Na)3) and BISBIS (sodium salt of sulfonated 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-1,1′-biphenyl) in aqueous/organic two-phase catalytic system. The effects of reaction parameters on the catalytic activity and regioselectivity were investigated under the optimum reaction conditions: 130 °C, 2.5 MPa (syngas pressure), [BISBIS]/[Rh]=5, [1-butene]/[H2]/[CO]=1:1:1, [1-butene]/[Rh]=10 400, TOF and the regioselectivity for n-valeraldehyde were 2987 h−1 and 98%, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Two 20‐membered macrocyclic complexes, [Cu2L1(ClO4)2] (1) and [Ni2L2(ClO4)2(H2O)2][Cu2L2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 (2) (where H2L1 and H2L2 are the condensation products of ɑ, ω‐amine with 3,3′‐((propane‐1,3‐diylbis(azanylylidene)) bis(methanylylidene))bis(5‐X‐2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde)), have been synthesized and characterized by X‐ray diffractions single crystal structure analysis. The results indicated that the structures of two complexes are symmetrical. In complex 1, the geometry around each copper(II) center is a slightly distorted square pyramidal with structural index parameter τ=0.062 for Cu1 and 0.067 for Cu2, the distance between Cu1 and Cu2 is 3.1075 Å. Complex 2 contains two similar macrocyclic units (A and B), the metal‐metal distances in A and B are 3.0760 and 3.0922 Å, respectively. The interaction between the complexes and calf thymus (CT‐DNA) were investigated by spectroscopic method. The phosphate hydrolysis activities of the complexes were examined using 4‐nitrophenyl phosphate disodium salt hexahydrate (pNPP) as the substrate. The corresponding catalytic rate constant (kcat) at pH 7.2 are 2.14×10−5 and 2.85×10−5 s−1, respectively, 104 times faster than the spontaneous hydrolysis of phosphate monoester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalyst-free oxidative cleavage of (Z)-triaryl-substituted alkenes bearing a pyridyl motif in ambient air under the irradiation of blue LEDs at room temperature has been developed. The reaction was facile and scalable, and proceeded with good functional group tolerance, affording pharmaceutically useful 2-acyl pyridines. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies together with control experiments showed that the singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide anion (O2˙−) are the reactive oxidants. The 1O2 generation mechanism correlated well with the photophysical properties of the substrate (Z)-triaryl-substituted alkenes, the excited state of which was proved to serve as the triplet sensitizer for the generation of 1O2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the homogeneous catalysis and highly efficient recycling of aqueous catalyst for the hydroformylation of higher olefins in the methanol/water mixed solvent for the first time. When sufficient methanol is added into aqueous HRh(CO)(TPPTS)3/TPPTS solution and 1-hexene, the reaction mixture becomes a single phase at reaction temperature (TPPTS: Trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3′,3″-trisulfonate), which makes the 1-hexene hydroformylation proceed homogeneously. The turnover number (TON) is 11880 during an hour, and TON is up to 10428 during half an hour at a substrate to catalyst ratio of 12000. After the reaction, the methanol with low boiling point can be readily recovered by distilling the product mixture at the reaction temperature. And then, what's left is the aqueous organic two-phase mixture. The aqueous catalyst solution can be separated from the products by a simple decantation. The recovered aqueous catalyst solution as well as methanol can be recycled for seven runs without significant loss of activity and selectivity for aldehydes. Moreover, the average rhodium leaching in products is less than 0.09 wt%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]