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Ti3AlC2 is electrochemically synthesized from titanium‐rich slag/Al2O3/C mixtures in molten salts. The intermediate products are systematically analyzed to investigate the formation process of Ti3AlC2. The results show that the synthesis process typically involves an electrodeoxidation process and in situ carburization/combination process. In addition, most of the undesired metallic oxides contained in the titanium‐rich slag are removed effectively during the electrolysis process, and the removal mechanism of these undesired metallic oxides is further discussed. The influences of different molten salts (including molten CaCl2 and CaCl2–NaCl) and temperatures (range of 800–1000 °C) on the final products are also studied. The results show that these electrosynthesis conditions influence the morphology and phase composition of the products. The synthesized Ti3AlC2 particles possess an irregular plate‐like morphology. It is suggested that the molten salt electrochemical synthesis technology is a promising process to produce Ti3AlC2 and/or other MAX phases from multicomponent complex ores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovation methods of tie-dye in textiles design were discussed. The properties, advantages and process flow of traditional tie-dye were briefly reviewed. In the aspect of process innovation, tie-dye raw material innovation and tie-dying process innovation method were summarized. In the aspect of pattern innovation, the color innovation in tie-dye pattern, formation innovation in tie-dye pattern and innovation method combined with science and technology were summarized. The application of tie-dye in apparel, home textiles and daily decoration were introduced. The importance and innovation point of its matching with environment coordination were explained. It is considered that the introduction of new pattern, technology and color for tie-dying technology as the traditional manual skill is the basic power to put it forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ti5Si3, Ti5Si3/TiC, and Ti5Si3/Ti3SiC2 have been electrochemically synthesized from the Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/TiO2 and/or C mixture precursors at a cell voltage of 3.8 V and 1223 K to 1273 K (950 °C to 1000 °C) in molten CaCl2. The pressed porous mixture pellets were used as the cathode, and a solid oxide oxygen-ion-conducting membrane (SOM)-based anode was used as the anode. The phase composition and morphologies of the cathodic products were systematically characterized. The final products possess a porous nodular microstructure due to the interconnection of particles. The variations of impurity elements, i.e., Ca, Mg, and Al, have been analyzed, and the result shows that Ca and Mg can be almost completely removed; however, Al cannot be easily removed from the pellet due to the formation of Ti-Al alloys during the electroreduction process. The electroreduction process has also been investigated by the layer-depended phase composition analysis of the dipped/partially reduced pellets to understand the detailed reaction process. The results indicate that the electroreduction process of the Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/TiO2 and/or C mixture precursors can be typically divided into four periods, i.e., (i) the decomposition of initial Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)2O6, (ii) the reduction of Ti/Si-containing intermediate phases, (iii) the removal of impurity elements, and (iv) the formation of Ti5Si3, TiC, and Ti3SiC2. It is suggested that the SOM-based anode process has great potential to be used for the direct and facile preparation of Ti alloys and composites from cheap Ti-containing ores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]