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The transition point of the crack length to a microstructurally small crack is necessary for predicting crack extension behavior. The conventional criterion is the crack length smaller than the grain size and is a probabilistic criterion. This criterion does not consider the metal's crystallite plasticity property discrepancy (CPPD). However, CPPD determines crack extension behavior for recently developed advanced materials with complex microstructures. Therefore, the authors propose a deterministic judgment method for microstructurally small cracks considering crystallite plasticity based on a physics‐based crystal plasticity finite element model with strain localization. The proposed method is based on the difference value of the crack tip opening displacement varying with the ratio between the crack length and grain size with the change in the grain orientation ahead of the crack tip. A case study for copper is performed, and the results show that the novel method can be applied to define the microstructurally small crack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an airway disease caused by Aspergillus (mainly Aspergillus fumigatus)., Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of four fungal-related allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) detection systems., Methods: A total of 99 patients with ABPA and 30 control patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from 2017 to 2019 were included in the study. Four allergen detection systems were used to detect Aspergillus-related sIgE., Results: The 99 patients were divided into two groups based on the total IgE. Fluorescence immunoassay for fungal mixtures detected positive rates of 100% and 81% in the Confirmed and Probable groups, respectively. For Aspergillus fumigatus, the positive rates were 90.2% and 87.9%, respectively. In the detection of sIgE of fungal mixtures in all ABPA patients, the sensitivity of System 1 was 90.9%, which was higher than for the other three systems (System 2, 38.4%; System 3, 44.4%; System 4, 52.5%), All four systems have excellent specificity ( > 90.0%) and had higher consistency in the Confirmed group than in the Probable group (P < 0.05). Consistency for the Aspergillus mixture and Aspergillus fumigatus detected by fluorescence immunoassay was 90.2% and 86.2% in the Confirmed and Probable groups, respectively., Conclusions: Despite the many methods used to detect fungal-related sIgE, the ImmunoCAP system has the best clinical diagnostic performance. It is recommended that this method be used to detect fungal (mixtures or Aspergillus fumigatus) sIgE in order to reduce the missed diagnosis rate of ABPA.