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In order to fix the tissue structure and reduce infection after craniocerebral surgery, fixation headbands are usually worn. Suitable and flexible fixation head bands are essential to promote wound healing, reduce local bleeding, and reduce the occurrence of head pressure injuries. This study introduces the design and use of a new adjustable pressure-reducing headband, which can effectively improve the fixing effect, reduce the occurrence of pressure injury, reduce the work burden of medical staff, and increase the comfort of patients. (颅脑术后为了固定组织结构和降低感染, 患者通常会佩戴头部固定带。合适和灵活可调的头部固定带对于促进伤口愈合、减少局部出血、降低头部压力性损伤的风险至关重要。本研究介绍了一款实用新型可调节式减压头带的设计和使用方法, 其能够有效提高固定效果, 提升佩戴灵活性, 对降低压力性损伤风险、减轻医护人员工作负担和增加患者的舒适性有着积极作用。)

Continuous monitoring of invasive blood pressure can provide real-time, accurate data monitoring for ICU patients and provide effective guidance for emergency rescue and following treatment, so flexible fixation devices are essential to ensure the accuracy of patient arterial blood pressure measurement. This study introduces the design and application of a utility model arterial line set fixation device, which can effectively improve the flexibility of arterial line fixation and increase the comfort of patients. (有创血压的持续监测可以为ICU患者提供实时、准确的数据监测, 为临床救治提供有效的指导。灵活的固定装置对于确保患者动脉血压测量的准确性至关重要。本文介绍一种实用新型动脉插件固定装置的设计和使用方法, 旨在有效提高动脉插件固定的灵活性, 实现固定高度和角度可调功能, 增加了患者的舒适性。)

[Objective] Soil respiration occupies an important proportion in the annual total soil respiration during freeze-thaw process. The effects of water content, freezing temperature and freeze-thaw cycles on soil carbon mineralization dynamics during soil freeze-thaw process were studied. [Methods] The study focuses on chernozem soil from the Nenjiang County Heshan Farm Jiusan Soil and Water Experimental Station in Heilongjiang Province, China was used as the research object to carry out an indoor freeze-thaw degree simulation test. Seven freeze-thaw cycles were carried out, and three soil moisture content were set 100% field water holding capacity (100% WHC), 60% field water holding capacity (60% WHC), and 30% field water holding capacity (30% WHC). Additionally, three environmental temperatures were used a constant 10 °C (control), -5 °C (mild freezing) and -15 °C (severe freezing). [Results] The number of freeze-thaw cycles, moisture content and freezing temperature had significant effects on CO2 emissions and the impact degrees were -0.63, 0.21 and 0.14, respectively. The thawing process notably increased soil carbon mineralization. The soil carbon mineralization of 60% WHC in the first three freeze-thaw cycles increased 33.0% and 35.2%, respectively, compared with 100% WHC and 30% WHC in the last 4 freeze-thaw cycles. In the case of severe freezing, the carbon mineralization of 100% WHC soil in the first 2 freeze-thaw cycles increased by 25.2% and 68.0% respectively, compared with 60% WHC and 30% WHC soil in the last 5 freeze-thaw cycles. [Conclusion] The number of freeze-thaw cycles had the greatest effect on soil CO2 emission, followed by moisture content, and the least freezing temperature. The freeze-thaw effect increased the cumulative CO2 emissions of soil with low water content. The cumulative CO2 emission of soil with high water content was reduced. For soils with medium moisture content, mild freezing increased CO2 cumulative emissions, while severe freezing decreased them. The first-order kinetic equation fitted the CO2 emissions from freeze-thaw soil well (R2 > 0.997), both moisture content and freezing temperature significantly influenced the potential for organic carbon mineralization (C0 value).

[Objective] The classification of sediment particles and the accompanying distribution characteristics of carbon, nitrogen and salt in the process of soil thawing layer by layer under snowmelt runoff scenario were analyzed in order to identify the mechanism of soil freeze-thaw erosion and the induced micro-environmental effects on eroding slopes. [Methods] Soil samples were obtained from an eroding slope in the mollisol region of Northeastern China. Air-dried soil was used to fill columns that were subjected to three treatments: non-freeze-thaw, full freeze-full thaw, and gradual progressive thawing after freezing. The soil columns were completely immersed in a water bath so that thawing occurred from outside to inside. All soil samples were then fractionated by settling velocity, and the electrical conductivity (EC), pH value, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total nitrogen (TN) of each particle size were determined and analyzed. [Results] ① The freeze-thaw process reduced the proportion of the soil particles >500 μm and ≤125 μm, but increased the proportion of soil particles between 125 μm and 500 μm. Larger particles had higher EC, but lower SOC and TN. ② Across gradual progressively thawed layers, the outer layer (thawed earlier) had fewer particles ≤63 μm, and the inner layer (thawed later) had more particles between 125 μm and 500 μm. More specifically, EC, SOC, and TN were higher in the larger fractions from the outer layer. ③ Compared with the original soil, 64.8% of the dissolved solids were lost from the soil that experienced gradual progressive thawing, but the loss rate of SOC and TN was only 4.08% and 2.72%, respectively. The loss of dissolved solids and organic matter was greater from the inner layer than from the outer layer. [Conclusion] After freezing and thawing, the degree of fragmentation of the outer layer of soil was large, and the soil particles on the slope tended to become homogenized. Organic matter content varied significantly between particle size classes, and its distribution was more stable in small-grained soils. Salts and organic matter migrated from the inner layer of the soil to the outer layer during the freeze-thaw process, resulting in loss.

Background: Physio-Cognitive Decline Syndrome (PCDs) is characterized by the coexistence of MIND (mobility impairment, no disability) and CIND (cognitive impairment, no dementia), which predicts dementia risk. Deteriorating oral health can contribute to malnutrition, cognitive decline, and physical frailty, all of which may exacerbate PCDs symptoms. This study investigates the association between oral health and PCDs, exploring sex differences in this relationship. Method: A cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data from the Nanjing Brain Health Cohort included 252 participants aged 60 and older, assessing physical mobility (6-meter walk test, grip strength), cognitive function (MoCA), and oral health (natural teeth count, denture use, tongue and lip motor function, masticatory and swallowing ability, Oral Frailty Index). Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between oral health and PCDs. Results: Among participants, 15.5% were classified as having PCDs. The odds of having PCDs were lower with a higher number of teeth (OR = 0.939, 95% CI: 0.890–0.991, p = 0.021), while impaired tongue and lip motor function increased the odds of PCDs (OR = 3.811, 95% CI: 1.059–13.717, p = 0.041). In females, the odds of MIND and CIND were lower with a greater number of teeth and denture use. For males, the odds of PCDs were higher with oral frailty (OR = 5.202, 95% CI: 1.429–18.940, p = 0.012). Conclusions: Findings underscore the significant association between oral health and the odds of PCDs among older adults, with sex-specific effects. For women, maintaining natural teeth and proper denture use are associated with lower odds of MIND and CIND, while for men, oral frailty is linked to higher odds of PCDs. Healthcare providers should consider oral health and incorporate sex-specific strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) are core and highly detrimental symptoms of dementia. Previous research has suggested a potential association between pain and BPSD, but pieces of evidence are lacking. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between pain and BPSD in patients with dementia. Methods: Seven databases were searched from inception to February 2024, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WanFang Data. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included. We included studies that involved older adults with dementia and assessed the pain and BPSD by using validated tools. The quality of cohort studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and the quality of cross-sectional studies was evaluated using AHRQ criteria. Two researchers independently screened the articles, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 15.0. Data not suitable for meta-analysis was analyzed through a qualitative synthesis to provide a comprehensive overview of the findings. Results: A total of 12 studies were included, comprising nine cross-sectional studies and three longitudinal studies. All studies were of medium to high quality. Studies reported that pain was associated with 13 different types of BPSD, including agitation, aggression, abnormal thought process, anxiety, care refusal, delirium, depression, delusions, hallucinations, sexual disinhibition, sleep disturbances, socially inappropriate behavior, and wandering. A pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.25 (95%CI [1.17,1.33], p < 0.001) indicated a significant positive association between pain and BPSD. Specifically, pain was positively associated with aggression (OR = 1.07, 95%CI [1.00,1.13], p = 0.035), agitation (OR = 1.17, 95%CI [1.14, 1.21], p < 0.001), and depression (OR = 2.11, 95%CI [1.76,2.52], p < 0.001). However, pain was significantly negatively associated with wandering (OR = 0.77, 95%CI [0.73, 0.81], p < 0.001). Conclusions: Pain was significantly positively associated with BPSD in patients with dementia, specifically with aggression, depression, and agitation. However, pain was negatively associated with wandering. This emphasizes the importance of further research in this area and improved interventions for pain and BPSD management. Trial registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk CRD42023432320, registered 08/08/2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The provision of postnatal continuity of care is of significant importance to new mothers. Given the prevalence of "Internet+ Nursing Services", there has been a paucity of research exploring the internet-based home care needs of mothers following their discharge from hospital. This study employs a combination of the SERVQUAL and KANO models to investigate maternal requirements for Internet+ nursing services and to establish a foundation for enhancing the quality of postnatal nursing services. Patients and Methods: A questionnaire was designed by combining SERVQUAL and KANO models, and a cross-sectional survey was conducted in the obstetrics department of a tertiary hospital in China after expert correspondence. The survey targeted 279 mothers about to be discharged after delivery, aiming to explore their demand for Internet+ nursing services post-discharge. Data were analyzed according to the KANO model. Results: The better values (satisfaction coefficient) of Internet+ nursing services ranged from 42.91% to 78.46%, while the worse values (dissatisfaction coefficient) were 28.91% to 63.20%. The must-be and one-dimensional need attributes of maternity are mainly tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, and assurance dimensions, and empathy and economy are attractive attributes. Two items within the tangibles dimension, namely ease of operation of the platform and nurses' dress code, were deemed to be indifferent attributes. In the quadrant analysis diagram, the attributes of must-be, one-dimensional, attractive, and indifferent were 8(33.3%), 66(25.0%), 8(33.3%), and 2(8.3%), respectively. Conclusion: Attributes of Chinese mothers' needs for Internet+ nursing services after hospital discharge were defined, ranked, and categorized by the KANO model, providing a theoretical basis for the targeted design and improvement of care services. It is suggested that care managers consolidate must-be attributes and one-dimensional attributes, optimize attractive attributes, and transform indifferent attributes to better meet the multifaceted service needs of mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: In light of the escalating global incidence of Parkinson's disease and the dearth of therapeutic interventions that can alter the disease's course, there exists an urgent necessity to comprehensively elucidate and quantify the disease's global burden. Methods: This study analyzed the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of Parkinson's disease at global, regional, and national levels based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Bayesian age-period cohort (BAPC) analysis was used to predict the burden in Parkinson's disease from 2022 to 2035. Results: In 2021, 11.77 million people worldwide had Parkinson's disease. Age-standardized rates of incidence, prevalence, and DALYs increased to 15.63/100,000, 138.63/100,000, and 89.59/100,000. The burden of Parkinson's disease were higher in males than in females, and showed an increase and then a slight decrease with age. The disease burden was highest in East Asia. BAPC projection showed an increase in all metrics by 2035 except for a slight decrease in the age-standardized DALYs rates. Conclusion: The global burden of Parkinson's disease has risen over the past 32 years, and there is a need to focus on key populations, as well as to improve health policies to prevent and treat Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]