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[Display omitted] Chiral two-dimensional (2D) conductive polymers, encompassing chiral, 2D, flexible, and conductive properties, constitute a novel class of material that remains largely unexplored. The infusion of chirality into 2D conductive polymers taps into the unique characteristics associated with chirality, presenting opportunities to enhance or tailor the electronic, optical, and structural properties of materials for specific technological applications. In this study, we synthesized a chiral 2D PEDOT:PMo 11 V nanofilm through interfacial polymerization, effectively integrating a chiral monolayer, conductive polymer, and inorganic cluster. The inclusion of inorganic cluster serves to enhance the conductivity of the resulting chiral nanofilm. Furthermore, we demonstrated the chiral nanofilm as a capable electrochemical sensor for detecting drug enantiomers. The inherent flexibility of the chiral nanofilm also lays the groundwork for the development of chiral flexible/wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To boost the power conversion efficiency of silicon/perovskite tandem solar cells, pyramid‐textured structures have been investigated and introduced into devices. However, high‐quality pyramid‐shaped single crystal preparation is an obstacle in tandem device development. Perovskite crystals obtained using general methods are cubic because of their structural symmetry and rapid growth rate. In this study, based on mass transfer boundary layer theory, a pyramid‐shaped perovskite single crystal is successfully obtained using an asymmetrically spatial confinement‐induced crystallization method. The synthesized pyramid crystals exhibited high crystallinity and enhanced optical absorption. A photodetector constructed using the as‐grown crystal exhibited high‐performance properties, including a responsivity of 9.4 A W−1, photo‐to‐dark current ratio of 2.3 × 104, and detectivity of 2.1 × 1011 Jones. Its unique insensitivity to the incident photon direction is also characterized. The flexible photodetector also exhibited excellent responsivity under different bending curvature radii. Additionally, the light‐trapping effect and absorption superiority of pyramid crystals over cuboid crystals are well established based on a semi‐empirical analytical model. This breakthrough in pyramid‐shaped perovskite crystal preparation provides a promising approach for the development of novel tandem solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding changes of soil organic carbon (SOC) in top layers of croplands and their driving factors is a vital prerequisite in decision-making for maintaining sustainable agriculture. However, high-precision estimation of SOC of croplands at regional scale is still an issue to be solved. Based on soil samples, synthetic image of bare soil and geographical data, this paper predicted SOC density of croplands using Random Forest model in the Black Soil Region of Jilin Province, China in 2005 and 2020, and analyzed its influencing factors. Results showed that random forest model that integrates bare soil composite images improve the accuracy and robustness of SOC density prediction. From 2005 to 2020, the total SOC storage in croplands decreased from 89.96 to 82.79 Tg C with an annual decrease of 0.48 Tg C yr−1. The mean value of SOC density of croplands decreased from 3.42 to 3.32 kg/m2, and high values are distributed in middle parts. Changes of SOC represented significant heterogeneity spatially. 62.14% of croplands with SOC density greater than 4.0 kg/m2 decreased significantly, and 38.60% of croplands with SOC density between 2.5 and 3.0 kg/m2 significantly increased. Climatic factors made great contributions to SOC density, however, their relative importance (RI) to SOC density decreased from 44.65% to 37.26% during the study period. Synthetic images of bare soil constituted 23.54% and 26.29% of RI in the SOC density prediction, respectively, and the contribution of each band was quite different. The RIs of topographic and vegetation factors were low but increased significantly from 2005 to 2020. This study can aid local land managers and governmental agencies in assessing carbon sequestration potential and carbon credits, thus contributing to the protection and sustainable use of black soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To develop electrode materials for supercapacitor with superior electrochemical performance and simple preparation process, the purpose of this study is to prepare flexible CC/NiS/a-NiS electrodes with self-supporting structure by loading hydrothermally synthesized a-NiS particles along with nano-NiS on carbon cloth by electroplating method. Design/methodology/approach: The effects of current densities, temperatures and pH values on the loading amount and uniformity of the active substances during the plating process were investigated on the basis of optimization of surface morphology, crystalline structure and electrochemical evaluation as the cyclic voltammetry curves, constant current charge–discharge curves and AC impedance. Findings: The a-NiS particles on CC/NiS/a-NiS were mostly covered by the plated nano-NiS, which behaved as a bulge and provided a larger specific surface area. The CC/NiS/a-NiS electrode prepared with the optimized parameter exhibited a specific capacitance of 115.13 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g and a Coulomb efficiency of 84% at 5 A/g, which is superior to that of CC/NiS electrode prepared by electroplating at a current density of 10 mA/cm2, a temperature of 55°C and a pH of 4, demonstrating its fast charge response of the electrode and potential application in wearable electronics. Originality/value: This study provides an integrated solution for the development of specifically structured NiS-based electrode for supercapacitor with simple process, low cost and high electrochemical charge/discharge performance, and the simple and easy-to-use method is also applicable to other electrochemically active composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) achieves super-resolution (SR) by modulating the high-frequency information of the sample into the passband of the optical system and subsequent image reconstruction. The traditional Wiener-filtering-based reconstruction algorithm operates in the Fourier domain, it requires prior knowledge of the sinusoidal illumination patterns which makes the time-consuming procedure of parameter estimation to raw datasets necessary, besides, the parameter estimation is sensitive to noise or aberration-induced pattern distortion which leads to reconstruction artifacts. Here, we propose a spatial-domain image reconstruction method that does not require parameter estimation but calculates patterns from raw datasets, and a reconstructed image can be obtained just by calculating the spatial covariance of differential calculated patterns and differential filtered datasets (the notch filtering operation is performed to the raw datasets for attenuating and compensating the optical transfer function (OTF)). Experiments on reconstructing raw datasets including nonbiological, biological, and simulated samples demonstrate that our method has SR capability, high reconstruction speed, and high robustness to aberration and noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Orally administered polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) translocate into the circulatory system. • PS-NPs cause glycolipid and irreversible damage to organs in mice. • PS-NPs increase ROS levels and induce the inflammatory response. • Resveratrol mitigates insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis induced by PS-NPs in mice. Nanoplastics-induced developmental and reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity are a focus of widespread attention. However, the effects of nanoplastics (NPs) on glycolipid metabolism and the precise underlying mechanisms are unclear at present. Here, we showed that oral administration of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) disrupts glycolipid metabolism, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) identified as a potential key signaling molecule. After PS-NPs treatment, excessive production of ROS induced the inflammatory response and activated the antioxidant pathway through nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2. The activation of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) signaling pathway induced the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway, which induced the activation of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) and p38. Constitutive activation of the MAPK signaling proteins induced high continued phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1, in turn, leading to decreased protein kinase B (Akt) activity, which weakened the sensitivity of liver cells to insulin signals and induced insulin resistance. In parallel, phosphorylation of Akt led to loss of control of FoXO1, a key gene of gluconeogenesis, activating transcription of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in a manner dependent on PGC1α. Moreover, the activated ERK promoted lipid accumulation through ERK-PPARγ cascades. Therefore, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and levels of its downstream lipogenic enzymes, ACC-1, were up-regulated. Upon treatment with the antioxidant resveratrol, PS-NPs-induced glucose and lipid metabolic disorders were improved by inhibiting ROS-induced activation of NFκB and MAPK signaling pathway in mice. Based on above, PS-NPs exposure disrupts glycolipid metabolism in mice, with ROS identified as a potential key signaling molecule. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen addition in SI engines has been a subject of extensive research over the years, primarily owing to its environmentally friendly attributes and its potential to optimize combustion, especially in lean-burn conditions. However, the use of hydrogen as a gaseous fuel presents challenges due to its high mass-to-volume ratio, which can substantially reduce engine power density, whether in direct injection (DI) or port injection PI conditions. Thus, how to maximum hydrogen's benefits on combustion while minimizing its consumption has become a topic worthy to be studied. In this research, a novel concept where hydrogen direct injected through an aperture on edge of the spark plug (SHDI) was proposed and experimentally investigated on a 1.5 L turbocharged gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine under lean-burn condition. Experiments were conducted at 1600 rpm and medium load conditions with hydrogen injection ratios φ H 2 varying from 0 % to 5.5 % and excess air coefficients (λ) up to 1.5. Hydrogen port injection (HPI) strategy was also employed as a reference to gauge the performance enhancement achieved through SHDI. The experimental results reveal that, in comparison to HPI, SHDI exhibited more pronounced effects in enhancing initial flame propagation and assisting to formation of stable flame nucleus which, in turn, extended the lean-burn limit substantially. Moreover, SHDI strategy also resulted in a more substantial improvement in mean effective pressure (IMEP) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) compared to the HPI. However, emissions of NO X , HC and CO were higher in the SHDI mode as opposed to the HPI mode This disparity may be attributed to the elevated local temperatures in the vicinity of the spark plug and the interference caused by the hydrogen jet flow, which disrupted the in-cylinder flow pattern, consequently leading to increased levels of unburnt mixture. • A novel idea with hydrogen direct injected through a small hole on the spark plug edge (SHDI) was proposed. • An experimental study with the SDHI mode under lean-burn conditions was carried out on a GDI engine. • SDHI significantly improves BTE and reduces NO X emissions. • The effects of HPI and SHDI on GDI engines were analyzed comparatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tested the role of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)'s conversational expansion in mediating between mothers' descriptive language and children with ASD's conversational repair, and whether this mediation was moderated by the relative complexity of mother-child language. Videos of forty children with ASD engaging in various activities with their mothers were transcribed into language samples and then coded. Mediation analyses indicated that conversational expansion mediated the association between descriptive language and conversational repair. Moderated mediation analysis further indicated that the relative complexity of mother-child language moderated the relationship between descriptive language and conversational expansion, creating a conditional indirect effect. Although preliminary, the results of this study provide parents and practitioners with a new idea of language intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For medical staff, job satisfaction is essential for advancement on an individual and organizational level. This study looked into the relationships between challenging job demands, job resources, personal resources, and well-being. Additionally, it examined the potential mediating effects of emotional exhaustion and work motivation within the framework of the job demands–resources (JD–R) model. Results from a cross-sectional study of 267 medical employees at a second-grade comprehensive hospital in Jiangsu, China's mainland, indicated that challenging job demands and job satisfaction were positively correlated and mediated via (decreasing) emotional exhaustion. The relationship between job resources and job satisfaction was found to be mediated via (decreasing) emotional exhaustion and (increasing) work motivation. The investigation also demonstrated that the two regulatory focuses serve different purposes. It was discovered that promotion focus had a favorable effect on work motivation but a negative effect on emotional exhaustion. Conversely, preventive focus only positively predicted emotional exhaustion. Thus, the JD–R model offers a valuable structure for clarifying the job satisfaction of health personnel. The implications for enhancing individual and job outcomes are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desert algae are important components of the desert soil crust and play an essential role in desert soil ecosystem development. Owing to their special habitat, desert algae are often exposed to harsh environments, among which drought represents the most common stress. Green algae are considered to have drought tolerance potential; however, only a few studies have investigated this. In this study, we selected the green alga Chlorella sp., which was isolated from desert soil, and studied its physiological response to polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000‐induced drought stress. The results showed that drought stress can affect the photosynthetic efficiency of Chlorella sp., reduce its water retention ability, and destroy its ultrastructure. However, Chlorella sp. can cope with drought stress through a series of physiological regulatory strategies. Protective strategies include quick recovery of photosynthetic efficiency and increased chlorophyll content. In addition, induced synthesis of soluble proteins, lipids, and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), and accumulation of osmotic regulatory substances, such as sucrose and trehalose, also contribute to improving drought tolerance in Chlorella sp. This study provides insights into the physiological responses of Chlorella sp. to drought stress, which may be valuable for understanding the underlying drought adaptation mechanisms of desert green algae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the study is to investigate the proportion and clinical features of previous spontaneously ruptured ovarian endometrioma among women who underwent elective surgery for endometrioma. Methods: This retrospective study was based on a cohort of elective surgeries for endometrioma performed by the same gynecologic team at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2017 to October 2022. Patients diagnosed with previous spontaneously ruptured endometrioma during elective surgery were enrolled in the ruptured group. In the same cohort, patients with unruptured endometrioma treated during the same period were selected as the unruptured group by 1:2 matching according to age. Demographic and clinical information were collected and compared between two groups. Results: A total of 422 patients in the cohort were diagnosed with endometrioma. There were 38 patients (9.0%) in ruptured group and 76 patients in unruptured group. All enrolled participants were treated by laparoscopic surgery. In ruptured group, 86.8% patients had a history of acute abdominal pain, which was only 13.2% in unruptured group (P < 0.001). Compared to unruptured group, patients diagnosed with ruptured endometrioma had a lower BMI (P = 0.021), larger maximum diameter of endometrioma (P = 0.040), higher proportion of cul-de-sac partial obliteration rather than complete obliteration (P = 0.003). Conclusions: Spontaneous rupture of endometrioma is not rare. The proportion of spontaneous rupture of endometrioma in our study was higher than that reported in the literatures. In women with endometrioma, the onset of acute abdominal pain should be considered a rupture of cyst, especially in patients with big cysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Tibetans living at 4,200 m showed delayed behavioral responses due to hypoxia. • Tibetans living at 4,200 m had higher mean rotation-related negativity amplitudes. • Alpha and beta powers were enhanced at 4,200 m. • High altitude affects the mental rotation threshold of Tibetans. Mental rotation is a core indicator of spatial ability, and a threshold for cognitive impairment may exist at approximately 4,000 m above sea level, but the specific thresholds for the severity of hypoxia in Tibetan indigenous populations in mental rotation ability remain largely unknown. To determine whether a threshold for mental rotation impairment exists in indigenous residents, we related a mental rotation task to inter-individual differences in a range of behavioral performance and neuropsychological characteristics across 51 indigenous Tibetan highlanders and 34 matched controls at three different altitudes (sea level, 2,900 m, and 4,200 m). Analyses of reaction time showed delayed behavioral responses in the 4,200 m altitude group. Further analyses of rotation-related negativity (RRN) revealed that the RRN was significantly more negative and the differences disappeared gradually for different angles among individuals exposed to an altitude of 4,200 m. Moreover, a time–frequency analysis showed significantly enhanced alpha- and beta-band power values for the 4,200 m altitude participants after stimulus presentation. The impairment in mental rotation ability is related to hypoxia and can be attributed to the absence of sufficient cognitive resources, which demonstrates the existence of a threshold for the effects of high altitude on the brain's mental rotation ability. Taken together, our findings have important implications for exploring the altitude threshold for the influence of high-altitude exposure on brain function, as well as for guiding the development of innovative strategies to optimize the response of the organism against chronic hypoxia-induced under extreme environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the catalytic performance of acylenolato cobalt(III) hydrides [CoIII(O∩CO)(PMe3)3H] (O∩CO = acylenolato ligand) 1–3 for alkene hydrosilylation was studied. The experimental results indicate that the three cobalt(III) hydrides exhibit excellent catalytic activity for the hydrosilylation of alkenes. The catalytic effect of hydride 1 is superior to that of complex 2 or 3. This catalytic system has good substrate universality and high selectivity. The catalytic conditions (1 h, 50 °C) are mild. Aromatic alkenes and alkyl alkenes generate respectively Markovnikov products and anti-Markovnikov products with 99% selectivity. In the study of the catalytic mechanism, the silyl cobalt(III) intermediate generated by the reaction between cobalt(III) hydride and silane is considered as the real catalyst. A catalytic mechanism is proposed on the basis of the experimental information and literature reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Aqueous gel supercapacitors, as an important component of flexible energy storage devices, have received widespread attention for their fast charging/discharging rates, long cycle life and high electrochemical stability under mechanical deformation condition. However, the low energy density of aqueous gel supercapacitors has greatly hindered their further development due to the narrow electrochemical window and limited energy storage capacity. Therefore, different metal cation-doped MnO 2 /carbon cloth-based flexible electrodes herein are prepared by constant voltage deposition and electrochemical oxidation in various saturated sulphate solutions. The influence of different metal cations as K+, Na+ and Li+ doping and deposition conditions on the apparent morphology, lattice structure and electrochemical properties are explored. Furthermore, the pseudo-capacitance ratio of the doped MnO 2 and the voltage expansion mechanism of the composite electrode are investigated. The specific capacitance and pseudo-capacitance ratio of the optimized δ-Na 0.31 MnO 2 /carbon cloth as MNC-2 electrode could be reached 327.55 F/g at 10 mV/s and 35.56% of the pseudo-capacitance, respectively. The flexible symmetric supercapacitors (NSCs) with desirable electrochemical performances in the operating range of 0–1.4 V are further assembled with MNC-2 as the electrodes. The energy density is 26.8 Wh/kg at the power density of 300 W/kg, while the energy density can still reach 19.1 Wh/kg when the power density is up to 1150 W/kg. The energy storage devices with high-performance developed in this work can provide new ideas and strategic support for the application in portable and wearable electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc is a very important and ubiquitous element, which is present in oral environment, daily diet, oral health products, dental restorative materials, and so on. However, there is a lack of attention to the role of both extracellular or intracellular zinc in the progression of periodontitis and periodontal regeneration. This review summarizes the characteristics of immunological microenvironment and host cells function in several key stages of periodontitis progression, and explores the regulatory effect of zinc during this process. We find multiple evidence indicate that zinc may be involved and play a key role in the stages of immune defense, inflammatory response and bone remodeling. Zinc supplementation in an appropriate dose range or regulation of zinc transport proteins can promote periodontal regeneration by either enhancing immune defense or up‐regulating local cells proliferation and differentiation functions. Therefore, zinc homeostasis is essential in periodontal remodeling and regeneration. More attention is suggested to be focused on zinc homeostasis regulation and consider it as a potential strategy in the studies on periodontitis treatment, periodontal‐guided tissue regeneration, implant material transformation, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Epidemiological studies have shown an association between periodontitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)‐related diseases. However, a causal relationship between these two diseases remains unclear. To examine the causal relationship between these two diseases, we conducted a bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genetic markers as proxies.Statistical summary was obtained from a large genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on NAFLD (N = 342,499), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, N = 342,499), fibrosis (N = 339,081), cirrhosis (N = 342,499), fibrosis/cirrhosis (N = 334,553), and periodontitis (N = 34,615) in the European ancestry. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main method to estimate the bidirectional association. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the rigidity of the results.Limited evidence indicated positive causal associations between genetically predicted NAFLD and periodontitis (IVW odds ratio [OR], 1.094; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.006–1.189; p = 0.036) and between cirrhosis and periodontitis (IVW OR, 1.138; 95% CI, 1.001–1.294; p = 0.048). However, the opposite trend did not indicate a causative effect of periodontitis on NAFLD‐related diseases. The sensitivity analysis revealed no obvious pleiotropy or heterogeneity.Our MR analysis provides new evidence in favor of the moderate causal impact of NAFLD on periodontitis. The causal effects of periodontitis on NAFLD‐related diseases warrant further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the study is to investigate the proportion and clinical features of previous spontaneously ruptured ovarian endometrioma among women who underwent elective surgery for endometrioma. Methods: This retrospective study was based on a cohort of elective surgeries for endometrioma performed by the same gynecologic team at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2017 to October 2022. Patients diagnosed with previous spontaneously ruptured endometrioma during elective surgery were enrolled in the ruptured group. In the same cohort, patients with unruptured endometrioma treated during the same period were selected as the unruptured group by 1:2 matching according to age. Demographic and clinical information were collected and compared between two groups. Results: A total of 422 patients in the cohort were diagnosed with endometrioma. There were 38 patients (9.0%) in ruptured group and 76 patients in unruptured group. All enrolled participants were treated by laparoscopic surgery. In ruptured group, 86.8% patients had a history of acute abdominal pain, which was only 13.2% in unruptured group (P < 0.001). Compared to unruptured group, patients diagnosed with ruptured endometrioma had a lower BMI (P = 0.021), larger maximum diameter of endometrioma (P = 0.040), higher proportion of cul-de-sac partial obliteration rather than complete obliteration (P = 0.003). Conclusions: Spontaneous rupture of endometrioma is not rare. The proportion of spontaneous rupture of endometrioma in our study was higher than that reported in the literatures. In women with endometrioma, the onset of acute abdominal pain should be considered a rupture of cyst, especially in patients with big cysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Apium, belonging to the family Apiaceae, comprises roughly 20 species. Only two species, Apium graveolens and Apium leptophyllum, are available in China and are both rich in nutrients and have favorable medicinal properties. However, the lack of genomic data has severely constrained the study of genetics and evolution in Apium plants. In this study, Illumina NovaSeq 6000 and Nanopore sequencing platforms were employed to identify the mitochondrial genomes of A. graveolens and A. leptophyllum. The complete lengths of the mitochondrial genomes of A. graveolens and A. leptophyllum were 263,017 bp and 260,164 bp, respectively, and contained 39 and 36 protein-coding genes, five and six rRNA genes, and 19 and 20 tRNA genes. Consistent with most angiosperms, both A. graveolens and A. leptophyllum showed a preference for codons encoding leucine (Leu). In the mitochondrial genome of A. graveolens, 335 SSRs were detected, which is higher than the 196 SSRs found in the mitochondrial genome of A. leptophyllum. Studies have shown that the most common RNA editing type is C-to-U, but, in our study, both A. graveolens and A. leptophyllum exhibited the U-C editing type. Furthermore, the transfer of the mitochondrial genomes of A. graveolens and A. leptophyllum into the chloroplast genomes revealed homologous sequences, accounting for 8.14% and 4.89% of the mitochondrial genome, respectively. Lastly, in comparing the mitochondrial genomes of 29 species, it was found that A. graveolens, A. leptophyllum, and Daucus carota form a sister group with a support rate of 100%. Overall, this investigation furnishes extensive insights into the mitochondrial genomes of A. graveolens and A. leptophyllum, thereby enhancing comprehension of the traits and evolutionary patterns within the Apium genus. Additionally, it offers supplementary data for evolutionary and comparative genomic analyses of other species within the Apiaceae family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is aimed at evaluating the correlation between the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) of different body parts and hyperuricemia in females with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thus, providing scientific guidance on lifestyle self-management for patients with PCOS. The cross-sectional study included 171 patients with PCOS, which were divided into two distinct sub-groups based on the presence or absence of hyperuricemia. Anthropometric and serological characteristics of the population with PCOS focusing on skeletal muscle mass were conducted. PCOS patients with hyperuricemia had significantly greater SMI in different body parts. Further binary logistic regression analysis revealed that SMI of the bilateral lower limbs was positively associated with hyperuricemia with an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.235 (1.103 − 1.384), p < 0.001. The optimal cut-off value of SMI of the bilateral lower limbs in predicting hyperuricemia was 5.11 (Youden index = 0.490). Combined with the mean value of SMI in the bilateral upper limbs, the safe range of SMI of the bilateral lower limbs in patients with PCOS was calculated as 3.64 − 5.11, with the sensitivity and negative predictive values being 83.9% and 65.1%, respectively. Excessively increased SMI of the bilateral lower limbs was correlated with hyperuricemia in patients with PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: As a huge natural carbon storage, wetlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, the spatial pattern and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) in wetland ecosystems remain largely uncertain due to large spatial heterogeneity and insufficient field observations. Methods: In this study, we predict the spatial pattern of SOC density and estimated SOC storage in wetlands of Northeast China based on 819 field samples and multiple geospatial data using random forest algorithm. Results: The SOC density of wetlands at different depths was affected differently by environmental factors and the SOC density in the surface layer (0–30 cm) was more susceptible to climatic change. The correlation coefficients (r) between the SOC density predicted by the random forest model and the measured SOC density were 0.86, 0.77 and 0.73 in 0–30, 30–60 and 60–100 cm soil depths, respectively. Our estimation showed that Northeast China holds huge wetland SOC storage in the amount of 3.40 ± 0.13 Pg C. The average wetland SOC density was 44.30 ± 1.72 kg C m−2, which decreased gradually from north to south in the study area. Conclusion: The wetland SOC density in Northeast China decreased with soil depth, and the influence of environmental factors on wetland SOC gradually decreased. Surface wetland SOC may be more sensitive to global climate change. Our results examined the relationship between wetland SOC and environmental factors, which benefits the understanding of the responses of wetland SOC to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional approaches for monitoring human gait have severe spatial and temporal restrictions with complex analysis methods and high cost, which are powerless to promote the development of intelligent life involving fitness, sport training, and healthcare. Herein, a portable smart insole system with high spatial resolution and simple manufacturing process to measure plantar pressure distribution anytime, anywhere for gait analysis is proposed. An insole‐shaped array of 104 piezoresistive sensors with highly robust characteristics is assembled, exhibiting a good pressure‐sensing uniformity. The smart insole not only detects the subtle displacement of the center of gravity of the body, but also exhibits a real‐time, high‐resolution thermodynamic diagram of the plantar pressure distribution during human activities. More importantly, the function of motion intelligence identification can be realized by regionalizing and digitizing the whole plantar pressure distribution, achieving an average recognition accuracy of 83.32% among six predefined motions. These results imply that the carbon fiber‐based smart insole can provide an effective approach for convenient gait analysis and motion identification, which has a great potential in the application of future intelligent life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ALSUntangled reviews alternative and off-label treatments on behalf of people with ALS who ask about them. Here we review rituximab, a drug which specifically depletes B lymphocytes. We show a current lack of evidence for a role of these cells in ALS progression. The one patient we found who described using Rituximab for their ALS found no benefit. Given all this, and the known serious risks of rituximab, we advise against its use as an ALS treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plant mitochondria play a crucial role in various cellular energy synthesis and conversion processes and are essential for plant growth. Watercress (Oenanthe javanica) is a fast-growing vegetable with strong adaptability and wide cultivation range, and it possesses high nutritional value. In our study, we assembled the O. javanica mitochondrial genome using the Illumina and Nanopore sequencing platforms. The results revealed that the mitochondrial genome map of watercress has a circular structure of 384,074 bp, containing 28 tRNA genes, 3 rRNA genes, and 34 protein-coding genes. A total of 87 SSR (simple sequence repeat) loci were detected, with 99% composed of palindrome repeats and forward repeats, while no complementary repeats were identified. Codon preference analysis indicated that watercress prefers to use codons encoding leucine, isoleucine, and serine with a preference for A/U-ending codons. Phylogenetic analysis showed that watercress is closely related to species of Bupleurum, Apium, Angelica, and Daucus, with the closest evolutionary relationship observed with Saposhnikovia divaricata and Apium graveolens. This study provides a valuable resource for the study of the evolution and molecular breeding of watercress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low back pain (LBP) has become the second leading cause of disability worldwide, which has brought great economic burden to people. It is generally believed that intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the main cause of LBP. This study aimed to explore the role of circ-STC2 in the pathogenesis of IDD. Methods: Nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were treated with T-Butyl Hydrogen Peroxide (TBHP) to establish IDD model in vitro. RT-qPCR was performed to detect mRNA expressions. The cell viability was detected with CCK-8 assay. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), Fe2+ and glutathione (GSH) of NPCs were measured by corresponding kits. The protein expressions were determined by western blot. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays were conducted to verify the relationship between circ-STC2 or transferrin recepto 2 (TFR2) and miR-486-3p. Results: Circ-STC2 and TFR2 expressions were up-regulated in IDD tissues, and miR-486-3p expression was down-regulated. Knockdown of circ-STC2 promoted the cell viability and inhibited the ferroptosis of the NPCs. The GSH levels, and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) protein expressions were increased, the LDH, MDA and Fe2+ levels and achaete-scute complexlike 4 (ASCL4) protein expressions were decreased after circ-STC2 knockdown. Knockdown of miR-486-3p abrogated the si-circ-STC2 effects and overexpression of TFR2 reversed the miR-486-3p mimic effects. Conclusions: Circ-STC2 inhibits the cell viability, induced the ferroptosis of the TBHP treated NPCs via targeting miR-486-3p/TFR2 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How can we help Chinese youth thrive? To begin to address this question, the present study explored the promotive factors (i.e., the individual strengths and environmental assets) that enhance Chinese youths' healthy development. Interviews were conducted with Chinese adolescents (n = 12), their teachers (n = 12), and their parents (n = 20). Findings highlight six individual strengths, including goal setting, sparks, self-reliance, goal-oriented hard work, self-improvement, and intention to contribute, and four categories of environmental assets, including supportive relational networks, rules and expectations, opportunities and activities, and promotive climates. Some of the promotive factors that emerged are similar to ones identified as relevant to western youth, and others appear to be particular to Chinese youth. Findings have important implications for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers interested in supporting the healthy development of Chinese adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We establish the geometric ergodicity for general stochastic functional autoregressive (linear and nonlinear) models with heavy‐tailed errors. The stationarity conditions for a generalized random coefficient autoregressive model (GRCAR(p)) are presented as a corollary. And then, a conditional self‐weighted M‐estimator for parameters in the GRCAR(p) is proposed. The asymptotic normality of this estimator is discussed by allowing infinite variance innovations. Simulation experiments are carried out to assess the finite‐sample performance of the proposed methodology and theory, and a real heavy‐tailed data example is given as illustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead halide perovskite has become a promising candidate for high-performance photodetectors (PDs) due to its attractive optical and electrical properties, such as high optical absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, and long carrier diffusion length. However, the presence of highly toxic lead in these devices has limited their practical applications and even hindered their progress toward commercialization. Therefore, the scientific community has been committed to searching for low-toxic and stable perovskite-type alternative materials. Lead-free double perovskite, which is still in the preliminary stage of exploration, has achieved inspiring results in recent years. In this review, we mainly focus on two types of lead-free double perovskite based on different Pb substitution strategies, including A2M(I)M(III)X6 and A2M(IV)X6. We review the research progress and prospects of lead-free double perovskite photodetectors in the past three years. More importantly, from the perspective of optimizing the inherent defects in materials and improving device performance, we propose some feasible pathways and make an encouraging perspective for the future development of lead-free double perovskite photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermo-erosion gullies (TGs) are typical thermokarst features in upland permafrost; the soil organic carbon (SOC) of TGs has an important influence on soil quality in cold regions. The objectives of this study were to estimate the spatial distribution of SOC content in a typical TG on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau in China by using soil properties from seven different TGs and covariates from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images, and to characterize the SOC content changes in four representative landscape regions (NO-Slumping, Slumping1, Slumping2, and Slumped) within this typical TG. The support vector machine (SVM) was the optimal machine learning algorithm for SOC content prediction, which explained 53.06% (R2) of the SOC content variation. Silt content was the most influential factor which demonstrated a positive relationship with SOC content in different TGs. In addition, the SOC content in the TGs was related to the landscapes. Severe Slumping (Slumping2: 150.79 g·kg−1) had a lower SOC content than NO-Slumped (163.29 g·kg−1) and the initial slumping stage (Slumping1: 169.08 g·kg−1). The results suggested that SVM was an effective algorithm to obtain a profound understanding of the SOC content over space, while future research needs to pay more attention to the SOC content distribution in the different TGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerasus humilis (Bge.) Sok (C. humilis) is a wild fruit tree endemic to China. It mainly grows on saline land and often suffers from osmotic stress. Biophotons are ultraweak luminescence (UWL) radiations that are closely related to various biological processes and activities. UWL emission essentially originates from the oxidative stress process of organisms. However, it is unclear whether UWL production is related to the redox state of chloroplasts. Therefore, to understand the UWL emission mechanism in plants, we studied the effect of salt stress on the photosystem (PS) activity and UWL of C. humilis leaves and analyzed the correlation between PS activity and UWL. The results showed that salt stress severely inhibited the PS activity of C. humilis leaves and oxygen-evolving complex, damaged the integrity of the thylakoid membrane, decreased the photochemical efficiency of PSII, and hindered the Q A -Q B electron transfer. At the same time, the intensity of UWL also decreased. Further, correlation analyses of PS activity indices and UWL showed that UWL was significantly correlated with main parameters of photosystem activity such as PSII the maximum photochemical efficiency (F v /F m) and photosynthetic performance index based on absorbed light energy (PI ABS), as well as the absorption, capture, and transfer of energy in the unit reaction center and unit leaf section. These results indicated that the PS activity of C. humilis was related to the production of UWL, and the intensity of UWL decreased with the decrease in PS activity. • Salt stress reduced the ultra-weak luminescence (UWL) intensity of Cerasus humilis leaves. • Salt stress inhibits the photosystem activity of Cerasus humilis leaves and damaged the integrity of thylakoid membrane. • Under salt stress, the UWL intensity of Cerasus humilis leaves is closely related to the photosystem activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggravated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and apoptosis in podocytes play an important role in lupus nephritis (LN) progression, but its mechanism is still unclear. Herein, the role of SMURF1 in regulating podocytes apoptosis and ERS during LN progression were investigated. MRL/lpr mice was used as LN model in vivo. HE staining was performed to analyze histopathological changes. Mouse podocytes (MPC5 cells) were treated with serum IgG from LN patients (LN-IgG) to construct LN model in vitro. CCK8 assay was adopted to determine the viability. Cell apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. The interactions between SMURF1, YY1 and cGAS were analyzed using ChIP and/or dual-luciferase reporter gene and/or Co-IP assays. YY1 ubiquitination was analyzed by ubiquitination analysis. Our results found that SMURF1, cGAS and STING mRNA levels were markedly increased in serum samples of LN patients, while YY1 was downregulated. YY1 upregulation reduced LN-IgG-induced ERS and apoptosis in podocytes. Moreover, SMURF1 upregulation reduced YY1 protein stability and expression by ubiquitinating YY1 in podocytes. Rescue studies revealed that YY1 knockdown abrogated the inhibition of SMURF1 downregulation on LN-IgG-induced ERS and apoptosis in podocytes. It was also turned out that YY1 alleviated podocytes injury in LN by transcriptional inhibition cGAS/STING/IFN-1 signal axis. Finally, SMURF1 knockdown inhibited LN progression in vivo. In short, SMURF1 upregulation activated the cGAS/STING/IFN-1 signal axis by regulating YY1 ubiquitination to facilitate apoptosis in podocytes during LN progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teacher knowledge building (TKB) is indispensable for teachers' continuing professional development (PD). However, studies on how teacher knowledge is built and how to facilitate this process are scarce. In this study, we critically reviewed the existing literature on TKB since 2016, focusing mainly on in-service teachers working in K-12 school settings. Thirty-six studies were identified and analysed regarding approaches to TKB, mechanisms underlying TKB, conditions facilitating TKB, and the measurement of TKB. On the basis of our findings, we propose a conceptual framework that firstly helps research community to understand and assess TKB and secondly provides promising approaches to design effective PD for teachers' knowledge building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on use of Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a two-step process that utilizes light energy to excite a photosensitizer to generate harmful singlet oxygen, as an effective treatment approach for several types of cancer. It presents the views on comparison of PDT with conventional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and surgery.

Asparagus belongs to the Liliaceae family and has important economic and pharmacological value. Lignin plays a crucial role in cell wall structural integrity, stem strength, water transport, mechanical support and plant resistance to pathogens. In this study, various biological methods were used to study the mechanism of shading on the asparagus lignin accumulation pathway. The physiological results showed that shading significantly reduced stem diameter and cell wall lignin content. Microstructure observation showed that shading reduced the number of vascular bundles and xylem area, resulting in decreased lignin content, and thus reducing the lignification of asparagus. Cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and sinapyl alcohol are crucial intermediate metabolites in the process of lignin synthesis. Metabolomic profiling showed that shading significantly reduced the contents of cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and sinapyl alcohol. Transcriptome profiling identified 37 differentially expressed genes related to lignin, including PAL, C4H, 4CL, CAD, CCR, POD, CCoAOMT, and F5H related enzyme activity regulation genes. The expression levels of POD, CCoAOMT, and CCR genes were significantly decreased under shading treatment, while the expression levels of CAD and F5H genes exhibited no significant difference with increased shading. The downregulation of POD, CCoAOMT genes and the decrease in CCR gene expression levels inhibited the activities of the corresponding enzymes under shading treatment, resulting in decreased downstream content of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinaperol, chlorogenic acid and coniferin. A significant decrease in upstream cinnamic acid content was observed with shading, which also led to decreased downstream metabolites and reduced asparagus lignin content. In this study, transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed the key regulatory genes and metabolites of asparagus lignin under shading treatment. This study provides a reference for further understanding the mechanism of lignin biosynthesis and the interaction of related genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) are promising for next-generation displays or lighting. Research on all-inorganic QD-LEDs that are suitable for high-temperature environments is still scarce even though QD-LEDs have demonstrated remarkable performance through organic–inorganic composite methods. A design for the synergistic adjustment of the carrier balance with a multi-layer controlled high-mobility electron transport layer and core–shell structure passivation of the emission layer is proposed from the perspective of charge-carrier dynamics in QD-LED devices. Accordingly, a non-toxic and low-cost all-inorganic ITO/NiOx/ZnO@ZnS/ZnO/Al QD-LED device was successfully designed and fabricated by comparing the calculated results of the electron transport properties of various light-emitting layer materials in which the transport state of charge carriers in QD-LEDs was described by the balance of carrier mobility by combining the first-principles simulations of density functional theory and deformation potential theory numerical calculations. Experimental results of the luminescent performance are in excellent agreement with the simulation results. This QD-LED device design scheme can improve the electron/hole injection by directly finding the transmission material with the same energy level, which is far less difficult than balancing the charge carriers via changing structure. It provides a possibility for further optimizing the design of high-performance all-inorganic QD-LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important principle in rational manufacturing design is matching the properties of composites to their intended uses. Herein, six laminated composites (LCs) were manufactured using fibrous moso bamboo and poplar veneer units, and their pore structure, water resistance, and mechanical properties were evaluated. The LC density (640–1290 kg/m3) increased significantly with increasing bamboo veneer unit content. The LC surface texture and roughness depended on the density and type of surface layer. With increasing LC density, the water absorption rate (WAR), width swelling rate (WSR), and thickness swelling rate (TSR) decreased exponentially and the mechanical properties increased linearly. This behavior was closely related to the changes in pore structure caused by density. Notably, the water resistance and mechanical properties of the LCs with densities higher than 910 kg/m3 were superior to the highest levels specified in GB/T 20241–2006 for "laminated veneer lumber" and GB/T 30364–2013 for "bamboo scrimber flooring". Thus, these engineered materials are promising for outdoor structures and flooring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objectives of this study were to analyze the difference between the preoperative radiological and postoperative pathological stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) and explore the feasibility of elastic lamina invasion (ELI) as a prognostic marker for patients with stage III colon cancer. Methods: A total of 105 consecutive patients underwent radical surgery (R0 resection) for stage III colon cancer at the Cancer Hospital of China Medical University between January 2015 and December 2017. Clinicopathological features, including radiological stage and elastic lamina staining, were analyzed for prognostic significance in stage III colon cancer. Results: A total of 105 patients with stage III colon cancer who met the criteria and had complete data available were included. The median follow-up period of survivors was 41 months. During the follow-up period, 33 (31.4%) patients experienced recurrence after radical resection, and the 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 64.8%. The consistency between preoperative radiological and postoperative pathological staging was poor (κ = 0.232, P < 0.001). The accuracy of ≤ T2 stage diagnoses was 97.1% (102/105), that of T3 stage was 60.9% (64/105), that of T4a stage was 68.6% (72/105) and that of T4b stage was 91.4% (96/105). The DFS rate of T3 ELI (+) patients was significantly lower than that of both T3 ELI (−) patients (P = 0.000) and pT4a patients (P = 0.013). The DFS rate of T3 ELI (−) patients was significantly higher than that of pT4b patients (P=0.018). T3 ELI (+) (HR (Hazard ratio), 8.444 [95% CI, 1.736–41.067]; P = 0.008), T4b (HR, 57.727[95% CI, 5.547-600.754]; P = 0.001), N2 stage (HR, 10.629 [95% CI, 3.858–29.286]; P < 0.001), stage III (HR, 0.136 [95% CI, 0.31–0.589]; P = 0.008) and perineural invasion (PNI) (HR, 8.393 [95% CI, 2.094–33.637]; P = 0.003) were independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence of stage III colon cancer. Conclusions: The consistency between preoperative radiological and postoperative pathological staging was poor, especially for tumors located in the ascending colon and descending colon. Elastic lamina staining is expected to become a stratified indicator of recurrence risk for patients with stage III colon cancer and a guide for individualized adjuvant chemotherapy, thus improving patient prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs are associated with pivotal post-transcriptional gene regulation in bone formation. Human differentiated embryonic chondrocyte expressed gene 1 (Dec1) is also involved in regulating osteoblastogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the distinctive role of miR-21–5p and Dec1 in osteoblast function and to determine their biological functions. MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells were used for in vitro analyses. miR-21–5p knockout (KO) mice, Dec1 KO mice and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice were used to characterize the influence of miR-21–5p and Dec1 deficiencies on bone formation. Morphological analyses [micro-computed tomography (micro-CT)] were performed, and measurements were collected to validate miR-21-5pKO mice. Histopathological changes in mouse femur tissues were assessed by H-E staining, Azan staining, Masson's Trichrome staining, and Toluidine Blue staining. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining were used to characterize the expression levels of Alkaline Phosphatase, Runx2, Osterix, Osteopontin, Dec1 and miR-21–5p. Bioinformatics analyses and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm Dec1 as a target of miR-21–5p. Dec1 expression was gradually increased from day 7 of osteoblast induction, while miR-21–5p showed a peak at day 21. In non-induced osteoblasts, a mechanistically gain-of-function transfection study with a miR-21–5p mimic enhanced Runx2 and Osterix expression but suppressed Dec1. miR-21-5pKO mice had reduced bone growth. Dec1-deficient mice showed advanced bone formation at the age of 12 weeks compared to WT mice. The Dec1 deficiency upregulated Runx2 and Osterix expression in Dec1 KO mouse femurs. Those changes, however, were reversed in miR-21-5pKO mouse femurs compared to WT mouse femurs. Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that Dec1 is a possible downstream target of miR-21–5p. These findings showed that the reduced osteogenic potential due to a miR-21–5p deficiency is achieved by enhanced Dec1 expression and that the miR-21–5p/Dec1 axis is involved in regulating osteoblast function. [Display omitted] • miR-21–5p induced osteoblast differentiation. • Dec1 inhibited osteoblast differentiation via downregulating Runx2 and Osx. • miR-21–5p antagonized Dec1 expression by binding to the 3′UTR region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the coupling of soil, vegetation, and hydrological processes is not only a research hotspot in disciplines such as pedology, ecohydrology and Earth system science but also important for achieving sustainable development. However, scientists from different disciplines usually study the coupling mechanism of soil-vegetation-hydrological processes at very different space and time scales, and the mechanistic connections between different scales are quite few. This article reviewed research advances in coupled soil-vegetation-hydrological processes at different spatial scales—from leaf stomata to watershed and regional scales—and summarized the spatial upscaling methods and modeling approaches of coupled soil-vegetation-hydrological processes. We identify and summarize the following coupling processes: (1) carbon-water exchange in leaf stomata and root-soil interface; (2) changes in soil aggregates and profile hydraulic properties caused by plant roots and water movement; (3) precipitation and soil moisture redistribution by plant canopy and root; (4) interactions between vegetation patches and local hydrological process; (5) links between plant community succession and soil development; and (6) links between watershed/regional water budget and vegetation phenology and production. Meanwhile, the limitations and knowledge gaps in the observations, mechanisms, scaling methods, and modeling approaches of coupled soil-vegetation-hydrological processes were analyzed. To achieve a deep integration of various coupling processes across different spatiotemporal scales, future work should strengthen multiscale, multifactor and multiprocess soil-vegetation-hydrology coupling observations and mechanism studies, develop new scaling methods, identify different feedback pathways, and take time-variable plant behavior and soil hydraulic properties into account during modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nodular fasciitis (NF) has a low incidence, many classification subtypes and large histological variations. We describe a 17-month-old child who presented with a mass in the right cavity of auricular concha that was successfully cured by 2 procedures. In pediatric patients with fibroproliferative lesions, the possibility of NF should be excluded to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Point-of-interest (POI) recommendation is the prevalent personalized service in location-based social networks (LBSNs). A single use of matrix factorization (MF) or deep neural networks cannot effectively capture the complex structure of user–POI interactions. In addition, to alleviate the data-sparsity problem, current methods primarily introduce the auxiliary information of users and POIs. Auxiliary information is often judged to be equally valued, which will dissipate some of the valuable information. Hence, we propose a novel POI recommendation method fusing auxiliary attribute information based on the neural matrix factorization, integrating the convolutional neural network and attention mechanism (NueMF-CAA). First, the k-means and term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) algorithms are used to mine the auxiliary attribute information of users and POIs from user check-in data to alleviate the data-sparsity problem. A convolutional neural network and an attention mechanism are applied to learn the expression of auxiliary attribute information and distinguish the importance of auxiliary attribute information, respectively. Then, the auxiliary attribute information feature vectors of users and POIs are concatenated with their respective latent feature vectors to obtain the complete latent feature vectors of users and POIs. Meanwhile, generalized matrix factorization (GMF) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) are used to learn the linear and nonlinear interactions between users and POIs, respectively, and the last hidden layer is connected to integrate the two parts to alleviate the implicit feedback problem and make the recommendation results more interpretable. Experiments on two real-world datasets, the Foursquare dataset and the Weibo dataset, demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the evaluation metrics—hit ratio (HR) and normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ripretinib is a switch control KIT kinase inhibitor approved for treatment of adults with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors who received prior treatment with 3 or more kinase inhibitors, including imatinib. Ripretinib and its active metabolite (DP‐5439) are cleared mainly via cytochrome P450 enzyme 3A4/5 (CYP3A4/5), and ripretinib solubility is pH‐dependent, thus the drug–drug interaction potentials of ripretinib with itraconazole (strong CYP3A inhibitor), rifampin (strong CYP3A inducer), and pantoprazole (proton pump inhibitor) were each evaluated in open‐label, fixed‐sequence study designs. Overall, 20 participants received ripretinib 50 mg alone and with itraconazole 200 mg once daily, 24 participants received ripretinib 100 mg alone and with rifampin 600 mg once daily, and 25 participants received ripretinib 50 mg alone and with pantoprazole 40 mg once daily. Ripretinib exposure increased with concomitant itraconazole, with geometric least‐squares (LS) mean ratios of ripretinib area under the concentration–time curve from 0 to ∞ (AUC0–∞) and maximum observed concentration (Cmax) of 199% and 136%. Ripretinib exposure decreased with concomitant rifampin: geometric LS mean ratios for ripretinib AUC0–∞ and Cmax were 39% and 82%. Pantoprazole coadministration had no effect on ripretinib pharmacokinetics. No unexpected safety signals occurred. No dose adjustment is required for ripretinib coadministered with gastric acid reducers and strong CYP3A inhibitors; patients also receiving strong CYP3A inhibitors should be monitored more frequently for adverse reactions. Concomitant ripretinib use with strong CYP3A inducers should be avoided. Prescribers should refer to approved labeling for specific dose recommendations with concomitant use of strong and moderate CYP3A inducers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 5 (THMD5) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder due to thiamine pyrophosphokinase 1(TPK1) deficiency, caused by mutations in TPK1. The core symptoms of the disease is acute or subacute onset encephalopathy, ataxia, muscle hypotonia, and regression of developmental milestones in early infancy, repeatedly triggered by acute infectious illness. However, we report two brothers of THMD5 with compound heterozygous for the mutations c.614-1G > A,c.224 T > A p.(Ile75Asn), but the prognosis is quite different if thiamine suppled. According to our current knowledge, the missense variant c.224 T > A p.(Ile75Asn) was not published previously.Case Presentation: Here, we describe two affected siblings in a Chinese family, after an uneventful pregnancy to non-consanguineous and healthy parents. The older brother presented with normal development during the first 6 months of life, but developed regression of developmental milestones after, accompanied with muscle hypotonia, and chronic encephalopathy, and died at 1 year and 6 months old. The younger brother presented with acute onset encephalopathy, ataxia, muscle hypotonia, repeatedly triggered by acute infectious illness. He was compound heterozygous for the mutations c.614-1G > A,c.224 T > A p.(Ile75Asn) identified by whole exome sequencing. He was diagnosed of THMD5 when he was 11 month. Oral supplementation of thiamine 100 mg/day, the symptoms gradually disappeared. At the age of 2 years and 4 months, he stoped thiamine, his symptoms returned and were once again relieved by oral supplementation of thiamine 100 mg/day.Conclusions: THMD5 is a rare, but treatable neurodegenerative disease, the clinical phenotype ranges from mild to severe. Massive-dose of thiamine supplementation may ameliorate the course of TPK1 deficiency. When similar clinical cases appear, gene detection is particularly important, which is conducive to early diagnosis. Treatment with thiamine while awaiting the outcome of diagnostic tests may be a good choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The objective of this study is to systematically evaluate the effect of exercise on gestational diabetes (GDM). Methods. The databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang were searched to collect publications regarding physical exercises and GDM. The two researchers screened the literature, extracted the data, and analyzed the risk of bias of the included data using RevMan 5.3 software. The primary outcomes analyzed included the fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, premature delivery, cesarean section, neonatal macrosomia, premature rupture of membranes, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Results. A total of 9 studies with 1289 GDM patients were included. Compared with the control group, exercise could significantly reduce the 2-h postprandial blood glucose (MD = − 0.62 , 95% CI (-0.91 to -0.34), Z = 4.29 , P < 0.0001), improve HbA1c(RR = − 0.47 , 95% CI (-0.81 to -0.13), Z = 2.69 , P = 0.007), reduce the cesarean section rate (RR = 0.83 , 95% CI (0.71-0.98), Z = 2.25 , P = 0.02), and decrease the incidence of neonatal macrosomia in GDM patients (RR = 0.57 , 95% CI (0.34-0.95), Z = 2.17 , P = 0.03). Conclusion. Exercise intervention can improve the blood glucose level of GDM patients, such as 2-h postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c. Meanwhile, exercise can also reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as premature birth and macrosomia. Therefore, prescribing exercise to GDM patients can effectively manage GDM and improve adverse pregnancy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have been widely studied in high-performance optoelectronic devices. Long-term stability is a key limitation to date in restricting their further development and commercial application. In general, interface properties between a semiconductor and an electrode highly affect device performance and stability. Herein, contact characteristics between the perovskite and electrode varying with illumination status have been first investigated. The results suggest that device's contact resistance (RC), obtained from a transfer length method, decreases as the incident light intensity increases. The RC under a higher irradiation intensity (1.26 mW/cm2) is about one-tenth of that at a lower density (0.08 mW/cm2). Simulation has been performed and shows a similar trend with experimental results. The interface physical model has been discussed based on an energy band theory. The band bending and barrier modulation at the interface under light illumination are originated from the surface states and the localized charges. This work explains the interface in determining device's fundamental properties, including stability, RC variation, and charge carrier transport process. It is significant in understanding the device working mechanism and providing a potential way for perovskite optoelectronic devices with enhanced stability and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the collaborative development effect of new rural production and living civilization construction, this article studies the collaborative development of rural production and living civilization construction combined with intelligent data processing algorithms and builds a model from the perspective of green transformation and development. In order to find as many and evenly distributed points as possible on the Pareto interface, a coevolution operator is designed in this article. The Pareto solutions of the two populations exchange information through the action of the co-occurrence operator and the absorption operator, so that the algorithm can find more and better noninferior solutions. The research shows that the collaborative development model of new rural production and living civilization construction has a certain effect, and it has a certain role in promoting the collaborative development of new rural production and living civilization construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biotite (sensu lato) is a widespread rock‐forming mineral in magmatic rocks that can be stable in a broad range of pressure and temperature, but appropriate biotite thermometers or barometers are lacking. Based on a collected experimental dataset (n = 839, T = 625–1,325°C, P = 1–48 kbar) containing biotites that span a wide compositional range [e.g., Mg/(Mg + Fe) = 0–1, TiO2 = 0–9 wt%], we have trained several machine learning algorithms for calibrating a biotite thermobarometer. Our evaluation on model performance reveals that the thermobarometry derived from extremely randomized trees is the best option, which returns coefficients of determination (R2) ≥0.97 for estimating both temperature and pressure using either biotite‐only or biotite + melt model. The model reliability were evaluated using three different approaches for the biotite‐only and biotite + melt thermobarometers respectively, including Monte Carlo cross‐validation (RMSEs are 65°C and 4.7 kbar, 38°C and 3.2 kbar, respectively), testing with independent test set (RMSEs are 54°C and 4.4 kbar, 35°C and 2.4 kbar, respectively), and error propagation from assumed analytical uncertainty (2*MAD are 54°C and 1.27 kbar, 10°C and 1.26 kbar, respectively). Quantified relative importance of involved components in the thermobarometers supports an intrinsic control of thermodynamics in the stability of biotite as a function of pressure and temperature. We applied the new biotite thermobarometer for biotite‐bearing andesitic, phonolitic and rhyolitic volcanic systems provide reliable constraints of temperature and pressure for magma storage, ascent, and evolution. We also offer a user‐friendly webpage for online performance of the thermobarometers (https://lixiaoyan.shinyapps.io/Biotite_thermobarometer/). Plain Language Summary: Biotite is a common rock‐forming mineral in a variety of igneous rocks, and its chemical composition has been widely used to retrieve associated magma properties and magmatic processes. Temperature and pressure are the two most important intensive parameters of magmatic processes, but a reliable biotite‐based thermobarometry is lacking in literature, in contrast to the considerable attentions that have been paid to other rock‐forming rocks such as clinopyroxene and amphibole. In this study, we provide a robust biotite thermobarometer based on machine learning methods. Several potentially useful algorithms have been tested on a carefully collected experimental data that include full information of temperature, pressure, and biotite and coexisting melt compositions. Our evaluations demonstrate that an optimized thermometry model comes from the method called extremely randomized trees. We also applied the proposed biotite thermobarometer to natural biotites from volcanic eruptions, including andesite (Central Volcanic Zone of Andes), phonolite (Canary Islands), and rhyolite (Bishop Tuff), and the estimated temperature and pressure are informative and complementary to the pre‐eruption conditions estimated from other thermobarometers. In addition, we also provide a webpage that can be easily used for applying our biotite thermobarometry. Key Points: Experimental data of biotite‐bearing magmas are used to train machine learning algorithms for establishing thermobarometerThe method of Extremely Randomized Trees is demonstrated to provide an optimal biotite‐based thermobarometerApplication of the thermobarometer to biotite‐bearing volcanic systems provides reliable constraints on magmatic processes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Diabetes is a major reason of death and disability worldwide and frequently coexists with hypertension and central obesity. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of hypertension, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and their dynamic transitions on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset among middle-aged and elderly people in China. Methods. We analyzed 9843 participants free of T2DM (average age, 59.04 ± 9.26 years) at baseline from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We classified the participants into the following four categories based on hypertension and WHtR statuses: nonhypertensive with a normal WHtR (NHNW); hypertensive with a normal WHtR (HTNW); nonhypertensive with an elevated WHtR (NHEW); and hypertensive with an elevated WHtR (HTEW). By using a Cox proportional hazards regression model, we assessed whether hypertension, WHtR, and their transitions over time correlated with T2DM risk. Results. During the follow-up of 8 years, 1263 participants developed incident T2DM. The hazard ratio (HR) for T2DM was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.97), 1.56 (95% CI: 1.27, 1.92), and 2.15 (95% CI: 1.74, 2.67) in the HTNW, NHEW, and HTEW groups, respectively, compared with the NHNW group after controlling for confounding factors. When stratified by statuses of hypertension and WHtR transitions, the participants who transitioned from HTNW to HTEW (HR = 1.98 , 95% CI: 1.24-3.17), or NHEW to NHNW/HTNW (HR = 1.74 , 95% CI: 1.14–2.65), or remained NHEW (HR = 1.42 , 95% CI: 1.04-1.93), or NHEW to HTEW (HR = 2.40 , 95% CI: 1.66-3.49), or remained HTEW (HR = 2.51 , 95% CI: 1.87-3.37) during the follow-up period showed a higher T2DM risk than the consistently NHNW participants. Conclusions. Being HTNW, NHEW or HTEW or occurring adverse transitions between those states was strongly associated with T2DM onset. Effectively warding off hypertension and central obesity or preventing their further aggravation may substantially decrease the T2DM risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]