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During the stage of high-quality development, the orderly promotion of citizenization of the floating population is crucial to ensure the high-quality population development and sustainable socio-economic growth of our country. In this study, dynamic monitoring survey data of China's floating population in 2017 were referenced to categorize the settlement intentions of this population group into three types (viz., short term, long term, and permanent) according to their expected residence duration. Subsequently, the mobility and residential characteristics of this population were analyzed by using a multinomial logistic regression model to examine differences in their demographic and family characteristics, mobility patterns, economic status, and social integration. The findings are as follows: (1) Dongguan and Huizhou, located on the east bank of the Pearl River and primarily driven by manufacturing industries, have a significant proportion of populations with short-term settlement intentions. By contrast, cities with lower living costs or more comprehensive services are more likely to attract long-term residents. (2) The inter-provincial floating population tends to flow into Shenzhen, with individuals migrating a short distance being more predominant. Long-distance inter-provincial migrants have a stronger intention to settle permanently. Within the province, the floating population tends to flow into Guangzhou, displaying a certain degree of geographical proximity in city choices and a tendency to stay long term or permanently. (3) Groups characterized by female sex, older age, higher educational level, marital status, longer inflow time, non-work-related inflow reasons, and higher income level tend to take up long-term or permanent residence at their destination. Conversely, lower levels of these characteristics are associated with shorter stays. Higher degrees of social integration can promote permanent settlement intentions among inter-provincial migrants compared with the effect on their intra-provincial counterparts. (4) Each factor has different effects on groups with the same settlement intention within and outside the province, as reflected in the varying impacts of educational level, marital status, income level, and migration reasons on inter- and intra-provincial floating populations. This study breaks through the traditional binary division model of settlement intentions, enhancing our understanding of floating populations through the "short-term residence–long-term residence–permanent settlement" categorization method. The Pearl River Delta region, one of the areas with the largest concentration of the floating population and the highest degree of economic development in China, serves as a critical case study. Understanding the flow and residence patterns of this population in this region will help government departments implement relevant policies and safeguarding measures tailored to different settlement intentions, thereby improving urban operational efficiency.

In this paper, the synthesis of ginsenoside Rh2 was catalyzed by using heterologous expression of Bacillus subtilis SL-44 glycosyltransferase. The synthesis parameters of ginsenoside Rh2 were optimized by the selection of strains and chemical supplies, the establishment of kinetic equations for the respiration rate of UGT enzyme, the effect of storage temperature on the model, and the glycosylation reaction of ginsenoside PPD with UGT. The effect of Rh2 saturation on the thermal denaturation temperature of the protein was analyzed along with the kinetic properties of the enzyme GE02773 (GE03484) while varying the saturation of Rh2. The results showed that the conversion of ginsenoside Rh2 reached 84% at a temperature of 35℃, pH 8, 5% DMSO, 0.4 of M-UDPG, and 1M-PPD in reaction with GE02773. In this paper, we successfully achieved the efficient synthesis of ginsenoside Rh2, which provides new ways and ideas for the application and synthesis of ginsenoside Rh2, with important practical significance and scientific value.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound liver imaging reporting and data system (CEUS LI-RADS) and European CEUS guidelines for liver malignant tumors in high-risk patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The imaging data of 89 high-risk patients with suspected HCC treated in Shenzhen Third People's Hospital from August 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. They were 74 males and 15 females, and aged between 22 and 77 (50.8±11.3) years. Pathological diagnosis was used as the gold standard, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was adopted to calculate the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of CEUS LI-RADS and European CEUS guidlines. And the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of CEUS LR-5+LR-M and European CEUS guidelines for diagnosing liver malignancies were calculated. Results Of the 92 lesions, 77 lesions were classified as LR-5+LR-M by CEUS, and 77 lesions were diagnosed liver malignant tumors by European CEUS guidelines, and 75 lesions were pathologically confirmed to be malignant tumors of the liver. The AUC values of CEUS LI-RADS and European CEUS guidelines were 0.875 and 0.797, respectively, through no statistical difference (Z=1.71, P=0.088). Taking LR-5 and LR-M lesions as positive results, the sensitivity, specificity and PPV, NPV and accuracy were 97.3% (95%CI: 90.7%~99.7%) and 94.7% (95%CI: 86.9%~98.5%, Chi-square=8.12, P=0.004), 76.5% (95%CI: 50.1%~93.2%) and 64.7% (95%CI: 38.3%~85.8%), 94.8% and 92.2%, 86.7% and 73.3%, and 93.5% (95%CI: 86.3%~97.6%) and 89.1% (95%CI: 80.9%~94.7%, Chi-square=20.63, P < 0.001) in CEUS LR-5+LR-M and European CEUS guidelines for diagnosing liver malignancies, respectively. Conclusion CEUS LI-RADS shows comparable diagnostic performance as European CEUS guidelines, but the sensitivity and accuracy of CEUS LI-RADS are significantly higher. [Key words] contrast-enhanced ultrasound , liver imaging reporting and data system , hepatocellular carcinoma, focal liver lesion , intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,

ABSTRACT The biological conversion method using immobilized enzymes has become an important means to produce ginsenosides. Among them, the preprepared Zn‐Ni MOF could be used to immobilize glycosyltransferase by specific adsorption for ginsenoside Rh2 production. However, the low enzyme load of Zn‐Ni MOF limited its wide application. In this study, we successfully synthesized the Glu@Zn‐Ni MOF filled with nanospheres by modifying the previously prepared Zn‐Ni MOF with glutamic acid (Glu) through ligand exchange. This modification significantly increased the specific surface area of the Glu@Zn‐Ni MOF and enhanced the material's enzyme‐carrying capacity. After immobilizing glycosyltransferase (UGT) onto the Glu@Zn‐Ni MOF, the UGT@Glu@Zn‐Ni MOF demonstrated improved stability across different pH levels, temperatures, and repeated cycles. After seven cycles, the immobilized enzyme remained at 83.42% of its initial enzyme activity. To further enhance the process, we incorporated immobilized sucrose synthase into the system to form a coupled reaction. This approach not only reduced substrate costs but also increased the yield of ginsenoside Rh2. By optimizing the coupling reaction through adjustments to the reaction conditions and the addition of suitable surfactants and organic solvents, we achieved a yield of 5.41 μg/mL of Rh2. The development and optimization of this material hold significant potential and value for industrial applications in both material enhancement and ginsenoside synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The precise and effective activation of the immune response is crucial in promising therapy curing cancer. Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is an emerging strategy for precise regulation and highly spatiotemporal selectivity. However, this approach faces a significant challenge due to the off‐target effect and the immunosuppressive microenvironment. To address this challenge, a nanoscale full‐active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) photo‐immune stimulator was developed. This formulation overcomes the limitations of PIT by strengthening the ability to penetrate tumors deeply and inducing precise and potent mitochondria‐targeted dual‐mode photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy. Along with inhibiting overexpressed Hsp90, this nanosensitizer in turn improves the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Ultimately, this mitochondria‐targeted PIT demonstrated potent antitumor efficacy, achieving a remarkable inhibition rate of ≥95% for both established primary tumors and distant abscopal tumors. In conclusion, this novel self‐delivery full‐API nanosystem enhances the efficacy of phototherapy and reprograms the immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby holding great promise in the development of precise and effective immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroelectric ceramics are highly desired for applications in energy storage devices due to their fast charge-discharge capability. However, electric field-driven gradual degradation of ferroelectric polarization (i.e., fatigue) inevitably results in a decrease in energy efficiency and energy storage density. Therefore, improving fatigue endurance is one challenge for their practical applications in energy storage devices. Here, we provide a strategy to modulate the strain response to the external electric field, and thus, increase the fatigue endurance by employing hybrid improper ferroelectricc Ca3Ti2O7 ceramic that exhibits a negative piezoelectric effect. We synthesized (1 − x) BaTiO 3 − x Ca3Ti2O7 (BT-xCT) ceramics, in which the strain response of ceramics to the electric field gradually decreases with the increasing proportion of Ca3Ti2O7. For BT-0.3CT ceramic, the energy density storage efficiency is improved to 74.95% which is much higher than that of BT-0.1CT (48.07%). The strain response to the external electric field of BT-0.3CT is substantially lowered and almost reaches zero, leading to excellent fatigue endurance ability. This research work paves a route for designing ferroelectric ceramics with smaller strain response and enhanced fatigue endurance ability, which is expected to benefit a wide range of applications of ferroelectric ceramics in various electric capacitors and electric storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This pooled cross-sectional study explores prescribing rates for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors among US patients with type 1 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of “minimally invasive dentistry” aims to provide conservative treatment of cavities in which sound dentin is removed. Because the Er: YAG laser can selectively remove caries, the smear layer is removed, dentin tubules are exposed after the preparation of substrate conditioning, and its advantages of precision, safety and painlessness are deeply valued. At the same time, the bonding strength between the prepared dentin surface and the filling material is different due to the different parameters of the Er: YAG laser. In this paper, the principle of dentin bonding, the mechanism of Er: YAG laser action, after treatment of dentin with different parameters (power, energy density, pulse duration, and irradiation distance), whether there is thermal damage to pulp tissue, the ultramicro morphology of dentin surface, the bonding properties of different bonding systems and the filling materials between irradiated hard tissues were reviewed. An appropriate parameter range (power ≤ 10 Hz, energy density ≤ 60 mJ, and pulse duration ≤ 50 μs) combined with water spray cooling will not cause thermal damage to the pulp tissue, while the higher power, energy density and pulse duration of laser treatment for dentin will lead to melting, carbonization, cracks, narrowing of the gap between collagen fibers, etc., which will limit the penetration of adhesives and have a negative impact on bonding. However, whether the adhesive systems based on the smear layer are suitable for dentin after laser treatment needs to be further explored.