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The generalized model and parameter equation for the internal fracture surface of tensile type anchor cable anchorage section are constructed, and the calculation model of ultimate bearing capacity is derived based on the principle of limit equilibrium. The shape of the internal fracture surface in the anchorage section and the expression of its parameter equation are experimentally studied, and the variation law of the parameter equation and fracture range with the diameter of the anchor cable and confining pressure is analyzed. The parameter equation is substituted into the calculation model to realize the calculation and verification of the model. Through theoretical derivation, a calculation model of ultimate bearing capacity of anchor cable is obtained, which comprehensively considers the average shear strength of anchorage section, the shape of fracture surface, fracture range and confining pressure. The tests show that according to the magnitude of the confining pressure on the anchorage section, the internal fracture surface takes on two shapes: cylindrical and trumpet‐shaped, the parameter equation of trumpet‐shaped fracture surface obeys logarithmic distribution approximately. The coefficient a decreases with the increase of confining pressure but increases with the increase of anchor cable diameter, the constant b increases with the increase of confining pressure but decreases with the increase of anchor cable diameter. The ranges of horizontal and vertical fracture decrease with the increase of confining pressure, and increase with the increase of anchor cable diameter. The deviations between the theoretical calculation and the experimental results are less than 6.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most critical aspect of panorama generation is maintaining local semantic consistency. Objects may be projected from different depths in the captured image. When warping the image to a unified canvas, pixels at the semantic boundaries of the different views are significantly misaligned. We propose two lightweight strategies to address this challenge efficiently. First, the original image is segmented as superpixels rather than regular grids to preserve the structure of each cell. We propose effective cost functions to generate the warp matrix for each superpixel. The warp matrix varies progressively for smooth projection, which contributes to a more faithful reconstruction of object structures. Second, to deal with artifacts introduced by stitching, we use a seam line method tailored to superpixels. The algorithm takes into account the feature similarity of neighborhood superpixels, including color difference, structure and entropy. We also consider the semantic information to avoid semantic misalignment. The optimal solution constrained by the cost functions is obtained under a graph model. The resulting stitched images exhibit improved naturalness. Extensive testing on common panorama stitching datasets is performed on the algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm effectively mitigates artifacts, preserves the completeness of semantics and produces panoramic images with a subjective quality that is superior to that of alternative methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For very few special 2D materials, electric field can be used to realize the topological phase transition from normal insulator (NI) into topological insulator (TI). To design the low‐power electronic devices based on 2DTIs, tunable and practical 2DTIs may be necessary. Herein, a model of electric field‐tunable 2DTIs based on bilayer van der Waals semiconductors is proposed. The bilayer semiconductors can be tuned by electric field from NIs into TIs. As a good candidate of the predicted 2DTIs, the possible topological phase transition of bilayer stanane (SnH) under electric field using first‐principles calculations is studied. The calculations suggest that bilayer stanane can be converted from NI into TI by vertical electric field. The topological bandgap can be up to about 22.8 meV, which is giant for the electric field‐tunable 2DTIs. It can be further enlarged by vertical pressure. This discovery provides new possibilities for converting NIs into TIs by electric field and creating multifunctional topological field‐effect transistors by tunable 2DTIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor neuron (MN) death. Mutation of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene, which results in abnormal protein aggregation, is one of the causes of familial ALS. Autophagic dysfunction occurs in SOD1‐G93A mutant mice as the disease progresses, but the etiology of this disease is still unclear. Optineurin (OPTN) is an adaptor that is involved in autophagy and participates in aggrephagy and mitophagy. Previous studies have established that OPTN mutations contribute to diseases such as glaucoma and ALS. However, the function of OPTN in autophagy and mitophagy has not been intensively investigated in models of ALS. In this study, we assessed the beneficial effect of OPTN on autophagy and mitochondrial function by intrathecally injecting adeno‐associated virus 9 (AAV9)‐OPTN into SOD1‐G93A transgenic mice and by administering lentivirus (LV)‐OPTN to cells expressing the SOD1‐G93A mutant protein. The expression of voltage‐dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) was increased and autophagy was elevated after OPTN gene therapy, as shown by a lower level of p62 and a higher level of microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B‐light chain 3 (LC3)‐II. Moreover, using electron microscopy, we observed a hyperpolarized mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reversal of mitochondrial morphological abnormalities. Furthermore, the protein level of TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1) was increased, suggesting that mitophagy was increased. Our findings from both animal and cell line studies strongly suggest that OPTN gene therapy is a powerful strategy to increase autophagy and protect mitochondria to prevent the progression of ALS and could be effective in the treatment of ALS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient CO2 electrocatalytic reduction catalysts has become increasingly important. However, addressing issues related to activity and selectivity remains challenging due to the lack of robust design criteria. Organometallic sheets, characterized by their high surface area and well‐dispersed metal sites, offer a unique platform for catalysis. In this study, we employed large‐scale density functional theory calculations to investigate the transition metal dimers doped two‐dimensional extended phthalocyanines (TM2‐Pcs) as the biatom catalysts for the electrocatalysis of the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). After systematical studies, the four catalysts of Mo2‐Pc, W2‐Pc, Ti2‐Pc, and Re2‐Pc were determined from 26 different TM2‐Pcs. Among them, Mo2‐Pc, Ti2‐Pc, and W2‐Pc have not only high faradaic efficiency (FE) but also small limiting potentials of reducing CO2 to CH4. Besides, the limiting potentials for the reduction of CO2 to CH2CH2 on Mo2‐Pc and Re2‐Pc fall within the range of −1.4 to −.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. They demonstrate higher FE than the experimental results obtained on Cu(111). This work not only expands the possibilities for discovering more effective CO2 reduction catalysts but also provides a feasible strategy for the rational design of electrocatalysts CO2RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heterojunction composed of ferromagnetic insulator (EuS) and topological insulator (Bi2Se3) is interesting due to several unusual behaviors produced by the interfacial effects. Previous experiments suggest a largely enhanced Curie temperature up to room temperature and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at the interface [F. Katmis et al., Nature 533, 513 (2016).]. However, a recent experiment indicates that room‐temperature ferromagnetic behavior is absent, and only in‐plane anisotropy is observed [A.I. Figueroa et al., PRL 125, 226 801 (2020).]. To understand the puzzling observations in EuS/Bi2Se3, Se‐missing interfacial system is constructed and the magnetic anisotropy energy and the Curie temperature based on density functional calculations are studied. The results suggest that the absence of Se atoms greatly enhance the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the estimated Curie temperature based on Ising model can be up to room temperature. Therefore, the puzzling observations may be concerned with the details of the interfacial system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]