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Effects of four types of cereal dietary fibers (DF) on blood glucose, inflammatory factors and gut microbiota in db/db mice were investigated. The db/db mice were fed with diets containing four types of dietary fibers of wheat (WDF), brown rice (BDF), oat (ODF) and buckwheat (BWDF) respectively. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) level was measured every two weeks, and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were conducted at the 8th and 14th weeks. At 14 weeks, feces were collected to analyze the changes of microbiota, and serum was collected to determine the level of blood lipid and inflammatory factors. Four types of cereal DF could reduce the FBG and the area under the blood glucose curve (AUC) at 8 weeks in db/db mice, improve dyslipidemia and reduce the concentration of blood pro-inflammatory factors (P < 0.05). All four types of cereal DF could increase the diversity of gut microbiota and change the abundance of different microbiota. Among them, WDF mainly increased the abundance of Faecalibaculum and Romboutsia, BDF increased the abundance of Actinobacteriota and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota (F/B), ODF mainly promoted the proliferation of Alistipes, and BWDF increased the abundance of norank_f__Muribaculaceae and decreased the level of Bacteroides. Correlation analysis showed that F/B and Actinobacteriota were significantly negatively correlated with FBG, AUC, pro-inflammatory factor (IL-8) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and positively correlated with anti-inflammatory factor (IL-10) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, while Bacteroides was the opposite. Alistipes, Faecalibaculum, and Romboutsia were negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α respectively. Four types of cereal DF can improve the glycolipid metabolism disorder and inflammatory response in type 2 diabetic db/db mice by increasing the diversity of gut microbiota and exerting different regulatory effects on microbiota.

[Objective] In order to clarify the law of sediment yield and sediment loss of different land use types under different rainfall types, and to evaluate the benefit of sediment reduction of different land use types under different rainfall types. [Methods] Based on the monitoring data of runoff and soil loss under natural rainfall conditions over 2015—2016 in 31 runoff plots located in the Loess Plateau of China the characteristics of sediment yield and loss in different land use types, including farmlands, abandoned lands, artificial grasslands, natural grasslands, shrublands and artificial forest lands were discussed. The efficiency of runoff and sediment reduction for each land use type under different rainfall types was determined. [Results] The runoff and soil loss of abandoned lands were the largest (30 mm, 86 t/hm2) and artificial forest lands were the smallest (8 mm, 24 t/hm2) under the annual rainfall scale, and there was no significant difference between other land use types. Through the application of duster analysis a total of 120 rainfall events were categorized into three distinct rainfall types based on criteria that included amount, duration, and maximum intensity of rainfall in a 30-minute period. That is, Rainfall Type I: characterised by moderate rainfall duration (749 min), moderate rainfall volume (35.4 mm), and moderate rainfall intensity (16.9 mm/h); Rainfall Type II: comprising short-duration rainfall (222 min), moderate rainfall volume (25.2 mm), and intense rainfall intensity (23.8 mm/h); Rainfall Type III: involving a long duration of rainfall (1 451 min), substantial rainfall volume (40.6 mm), but low intensity of rainfall (11.5 mm/h). When considering the impact of these types of rainfall within the given scale, the study observed the following trends, for the runoff coefficient, exhibiting Rainfall Type II > Rainfall Type III > Rainfall Type I, while for soil loss, exhibiting Rainfall Type II > Rainfall Type I > Rainfall Type III. The runoff coefficient of Rainfall Type I was significantly higher than that of other land use types, reaching 17.7%, which was 2.36 times that of artificial forest land. There were no significant difference in runoff coefficient under Rainfall Type II, and the average runoff coefficient was 19.9%. The runoff coefficient of abandoned lands, artificial grasslands, natural grasslands, and farmlands (average of 14.3%) was significantly higher than that of shrublands and artificial forest lands (averaging at 9.0%). The soil loss of famlands, artificial grasslands, shmblands and artificial forest lands under Rainfall Type II (3.94, 0.87, 1.06, 1.08 t/hm2) > Rainfall Type I (1.60, 0.60, 0.59, 0.63 t/hm2) > Rainfall Type III (0.09, 0.20, 0.06, 0.04 t/hm2). [Conclusion] In the Loess Plateau, the artificial forest land was the first choice to control soil and water loss effectively under the condition of medium-low rainfall intensity and medium-long duration rainfall, and the soil and water conservation effect of shrubland and grassland was better under short-duration heavy rainfall.

[Objective] This study was aimed to explore the characteristics of soil organic carbon and moisture content under different vegetation restoration types and their relationships, and to provide a scientific basis for the selection of vegetation restoration models in the Mu Us sandy land. [Methods] Different vegetation restoration types, including natural restoration of grassland and various plants such as Artemisia desertorum, Salix psammophila, A. desertorum S. psammophila mixed (shrub-shrub mixed), Pinus sylvestris, S. psammophila P. sylvestris mixed (tree-shrub mixed), in the Mu Us sandy land, were studied. Bare sand was used as the control. The effects and correlations of different vegetation restoration types on carbon and water in the 0-5.0 m soil profile were analyzed. [Results] (1) Vegetation restoration increased, with S. psammophila P. sylvestris mixed, P. sylvestris, Grassland, A. desertorum S. psammophila mixed, A. desertorum S. psammophila mixed, and A. desertorum showing decreasing trends, with significant accumulation effects observed within the 0—0.2 m soil depth. As soil depth increased, the organic carbon content of all vegetation types gradually decreased. Within the depth range of 0.8—2.2 cm, A. desertorum, S. psammophila, and A. desertorum S. psammophila mixed exhibited carbon loss. (2) Different vegetation restoration types showed varying degrees of soil moisture deficit in deep soil layers, primarily concentrated at 1—3.0 m soil layer, with S. psammophila P. sylvestris mixed showing the most severe deficit, followed by P. sylvestris, A. desertorum S. psammophila, S. psammophila, Grassland, A. desertorum. (3) Roots were identified as the main factors influencing soil organic carbon content and moisture consumption. Soil organic carbon content exhibited a negative correlation with soil moisture within the 0—5.0 m soil depth range. [Conclusion] Vegetation carbon storage was achieved at the expense of utilizing deep soil moisture, with S. psammophila P. sylvestris mixed exhibiting the lowest water consumption per unit of fixed carbon. The study suggests that S. psammophila P. sylvestris mixed exhibits favorable effects in vegetation restoration from the perspective of soil carbon retention and water retention in the Mu Us sandy land.

AbstractBergenia purpurascens (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Engl. is one species of traditional Chinese medicinal plant. This is the first publication of its complete chloroplast (cp) genome. The whole cp genome has 157,246 base pairs in length with 132 annotated genes, of which were 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs. According to the phylogenetic study, B. purpurascens and Bergenia scopulosa T. P. Wang. 1974 had a sister relationship. This genomic data and conclusions from B. purpurascens phylogenetic research will provide useful information and throw light on more in-depth investigations of the systematics and evolutionary patterns of Saxifragaceae.

This study investigated the optimal ratio and mechanical properties of iron-based full tailing sand(IFT)and cement(P.O42.5R)as experimental materials, with the addition of the Ti-bearing Blast Furnace Slag(TBS), in full tailing sand cemented filling material. The physical and chemical properties of TBS, including particle size gradation composition and chemical composition, were analyzed. Filling specimens were prepared with sand-cement ratios of 1∶4, 1∶6, and 1∶8, and TBS replacement ratios of 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%. The uniaxial compressive strength of the filling specimens was measured after curing for 7, 14, and 28 days. The experimental results demonstrated a positive correlation between the compressive strength of the filling and the curing time. Additionally, under the same curing time, the uniaxial compressive strength of the filling increased with the increase of the sand-cement ratio. With an increase in the replacement percentage of TBS, the strength of the filling initially increased and then decreased at 28 days. Notably, when the TBS replacement ratio was 50%, the compressive strength of the filling with ratios of 1∶8, 1∶6, and 1∶4 after 28 days of curing was 1.8 MPa, 2.5 MPa, and 4.0 MPa, respectively. All of these values exceeded the strength of the specimens without TBS, indicating that the addition of TBS significantly improved the compressive strength of the filling at 28 days. The research results demonstrate that TBS can be developed as a cementitious material for mine backfill, thereby reducing the cost of mine filling.

IntroductionThalictrum fargesii is a medicinal plant belonging to the genus Thalictrum of the Ranunculaceae family and has been used in herbal medicine in the Himalayan regions of China and India. This species is taxonomically challenging because of its morphological similarities to other species within the genus. Thus, herbal drugs from this species are frequently adulterated, substituted, or mixed with other species, thereby endangering consumer safety.MethodsThe present study aimed to sequence and assemble the entire chloroplast (cp) genome of T. fargesii using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform to better understand the genomic architecture, gene composition, and phylogenetic relationships within the Thalictrum. Results and discussionThe cp genome was 155,929 bp long and contained large single-copy (85,395 bp) and small single-copy (17,576 bp) regions that were segregated by a pair of inverted repeat regions (26,479 bp) to form a quadripartite structure. The cp genome contains 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Additionally, this genome contains 64 codons that encode 20 amino acids, the most preferred of which are alanine and leucine. We identified 68 SSRs, 27 long repeats, and 242 high-confidence C-to-U RNA-editing sites in the cp genome. Moreover, we discovered seven divergent hotspot regions in the cp genome of T. fargesii, among which ndhD-psaC and rpl16-rps3 may be useful for developing molecular markers for identifying ethnodrug species and their contaminants. A comparative study with eight other species in the genus revealed that pafI and rps19 had highly variable sites in the cp genome of T. fargesii. Additionally, two special features, (i) the shortest length of the ycf1 gene at the IRA-SSC boundary and (ii) the distance between the rps19 fragment and trnH at the IRA-LSC junction, distinguish the cp genome of T. fargesii from those of other species within the genus. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed that T. fargesii was closely related to T. tenue and T. petaloidium.ConclusionConsidering all these lines of evidence, our findings offer crucial molecular and evolutionary information that could play a significant role in further species identification, evolution, and phylogenetic studies on T. fargesii.

Carbon emission reduction in the construction industry is crucial for promoting low-carbon transformation of the industry and for realizing the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. This study analyzes the current status of carbon emissions in Chinese construction industry. It identifies that the production of building materials and the operation of buildings are the primary sources of carbon emissions in the overall construction process. Moreover, the growth rate of carbon emissions from the construction industry in China is decelerating, and the spatial characteristics of carbon emissions demonstrate an increase from the south to the north and from the west to the east. We have identified six key challenges that must be addressed to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the construction industry of China: policy and standards framework, energy-efficient and carbon-reducing technologies, reduction of carbon emissions from existing buildings, carbon emission data collection and monitoring systems, economic incentives, and increased awareness of carbon reduction. Staged goals for the low-carbon development of the construction industry are also proposed. Furthermore, we suggest improving related policies and standards system, optimizing the use of energy-saving technologies, reducing carbon emissions in existing buildings, developing green finance, improving the ability to monitor carbon emissions, and enhancing the awareness of energy conservation and carbon reduction, so as to provide references for the low-carbon transformation and high-quality development of China’s construction industry.

With the diversification of UAV application scenarios, there are more and more application scenarios of UAVs at low altitudes, and the complex low-altitude environment puts forward new requirements for UAV path planning algorithms. This paper summarizes the UAV path planning algorithms commonly used by scholars in recent years, including graph search algorithm, linear programming algorithm, intelligent optimization algorithm (genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, ant colony optimization algorithm), reinforcement learning algorithm; summarizes the principles, applicable scenarios, advantages and disadvantages of the algorithm, and makes a prospect of UAV path planning algorithms based on the development status of UAVs.

Objective: In this paper, the inhibition of protein degradation in autolysis of white shrimp （Penaeus vannamei） surimi by extracts from the coelomic fluid of sea cucumber （Stichopus japonicus）, a by-product of sea cucumber processing, was studied. Methods: The protein degradation in autolysis of white shrimp was studied by SDS-PAGE assay. Furthermore, the effect of sea cucumber coelomic fluid and its extracts on white shrimp protein degradation was determined by SDS-PAGE and TCA-soluble oligopeptide assay. Results: The optimal conditions of white shrimp autolysis were incubation at pH 3.0, 50 ℃ for 2 h. The bond intensities of myosin heavy chain around （200 kDa） and actin around （44.3 kDa） decreased suggesting the protein degradation of white shrimp. The sea cucumber coelomic fluid showed inhibitory effect on protein degradation in autolysis of white shrimp. When the concentration of coelomic fluid extract of sea cucumber was in the range of 6.25%~25.00%, the protein degradation was significantly inhibited. The release of TCA-soluble oligopeptide was also significantly inhibited by coelomic fluid extract at 12.50%~25.00%. Conclusion: Sea cucumber coelomic fluid extracts possess inhibitory effect on protein degradation of white shrimp, indicating suppression of white shrimp surimi autolysis.

Objective:To improve the defect detection efficiency of the enclosure structure of food storage devices. Methods: A robotic arm inspection trolley based on host computer control was proposed. The acquisition path was planned according to the area of the enclosure structure. The improved Ostu image segmentation method was used to analyze the acquired thermal infrared images and output the "defect" parts. Size and position coordinates, and finally verify the effectiveness of the detection through the defect detection rate and false detection rate. Results: The detection mechanism can completely scan and collect thermal infrared images of the enclosure structure of food storage and transportation devices. The image segmentation method can clearly describe the size of the heat source. The detection rate and false detection rate of "defects" were 92% and 6.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The detection mechanism can completely scan and collect the thermal infrared image of the food storage room envelope, and the image segmentation method can clearly describe the size of the heat source, which meets the practical application requirements of mechanical vision detection.

Objective To undertake a meta-analysis to investigate if there is an association between the glutathione S-transferase mu 1 ( GSTM1 ) gene polymorphism, coronary artery disease (CAD) susceptibility and smoking. Methods Electronic databases, including PubMed®, Web of Science and Embase®, were searched for relevant case–control studies. Data were extracted and the odds ratio (OR) was calculated and appropriate statistical methods were used for the meta-analysis. Results The analysis included eight studies with a total of 1880 cases with CAD and 1758 control subjects. The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that there is no association between the GSTM1 null and CAD (OR 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00, 1.55). An increased risk of CAD was observed in the smoking population with the GSTM1 null genotype (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.02, 2.15). Subgroup analyses of geographical region, genotyping method and publication language category demonstrated potential relationships among gene polymorphism, smoking and CAD. Conclusions Based on the current literature, the GSTM1 null genotype was associated to CAD in the smoking population. The interaction between smoking and GSTM1 polymorphism may contribute to the susceptibility of CAD.

Costimulatory molecules (CMGs) play essential roles in multiple cancers. However, lncRNAs regulating costimulatory molecules have not been fully explored in gastric cancer (GC). Public data of GC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. R software v4.1.1, SPSS v13.0, and GraphPad Prism 8 were used to perform all the analyses. The Limma package was used for differential expression analysis. The survival package was used for patient prognosis analysis. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene ontology (GO), and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis were used for pathway enrichment analysis. qRT-PCR was used to detect the RNA level of target lncRNA. CCK-8 and colony formation assay were used to assess the proliferation ability of GC cells. The transwell assay was used to evaluate the invasion and migration ability of GC cells. We first identified CMG-related lncRNAs (CMLs) through co-expression analysis. Then, an eight-CML-based signature was constructed to predict patient overall survival (OS), which showed satisfactory predictive efficiency (the training cohort: 1-year AUC = 0.764, 3-year AUC = 0.810, 5-year AUC = 0.840; the validation cohort: 1-year AUC = 0.661, 3-year AUC = 0.718, 5-year AUC = 0.822). The patients in the high-risk group tend to have a worse prognosis. GSEA showed that epithelial–mesenchymal transition, KRAS signaling, and angiogenesis were aberrantly activated in high-risk patients. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the biological difference between high- and low-risk patients was mainly enriched in the extracellular matrix. Immune infiltration analysis showed that macrophages (M1 and M2), dendritic cells, monocytes, Tregs, and T regulatory cells were positively correlated with the risk scores, partly responsible for the worsening OS of high-risk patients. Finally, lncRNA AP000695.2 was selected for further experiments. The result showed that AP000695.2 was upregulated in GC cell lines and could facilitate the proliferation, invasion, and migration of GC cells. In summary, this study established an effective prognosis model based on eight CMLs, which would be helpful for further therapy options for cancer. Also, we found that AP000695.2 could promote GC cell malignant phenotype, making it an underlying therapy target in GC.

The rapid economic growth and environmental concerns have led to high demands on paper and paper-based products in terms of variety, quantity, quality, and specialty. Enhancement and functionalization with additives are constantly required. Moving away from traditional petroleum-based additives, researchers have attempted to use “green” nanoadditives by introducing renewable environmentally friendly nanocellulose. This article studies the functions of nanocellulose as bio-additives (enhancer, retention and filtration reagent, and coating aid) in paper and paper products, and overviews the research development of nanocellulose-based additives and their applications in the paper industry for both efficient production and paper functionalization. The review shows that (1) a variety of nanocellulose-based bioadditives have been reported for various applications in paper and paper-based products, while commercially viable developments are to be advanced; (2) nanocellulose was mostly formulated with other polymer and particles as additives to achieve their synergistic effects; (3) major interests have concentrated on the nanocellulose in the specialty papers as representing more value added products and in the efficient utilization of recycled fibers, which remains most attractive and promising for future development. This report shall provide most useful database information for researchers and industries for paper recycling and enhancement, and paper-based products innovation and application.

In order to reveal the mechanical response of surrounding rock of karst tunnel under stress-damage-seepage coupling effect, a new damage constitutive mechanical model of surrounding rock of karst tunnel under stress-damage-seepage coupling effect is established, which is calculated by the COMSOL Multiphysics in this paper. When the mechanical parameters are assigned to microelements of rock mass by the Weibull distribution function, the larger the m value is, the more homogeneous the rock mass is. The variation trend of strain energy density with m is similar to equivalent stress, which increases firstly and then decreases. The number of damage points increases with the increase in loading step and decreases rapidly after reaching the peak value and then remains a small number in the later loading stage. With the increase in γ, the stress range expands to the rock mass above the vault and below the floor; the stress value increases significantly, and the surrounding rock of karst tunnel is closer to strength limit, leading to the damage of rock mass. With the increase in γ, the area of the damage area in the upper part of the vault becomes larger, and most of the rock mass below the bottom plate is damaged; the damage area is semicircular, which indicates that both places are damaged by shearing action, resulting in the developed fissures. Besides, there are the distribution characteristics of “high value on both sides with a peak value and low value in the middle position” in the permeability distribution, and high permeability is located at the arch foot, and the low permeability is located at the floor. The larger the value of γ, the larger the permeability. The research achievements provide an important theoretical basis for prediction and treatment for dynamical disaster of karst tunnel.

Abstract Background To determine the relation between daily glycemic fluturation and the intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Totally 66 patients with T2DM were enrolled, 33 healthy volunteers were also recruited according to the enrolled patients’ gender and age in a ratio of 2: 1. Patients were bisected by the median of endotoxins level into low(

Abstract Background Some studies have suggested that blood glucose fluctuation and C-peptide level were considered as predictive factors for carotid artery intima–media thickness (CIMT). However, the relationships of these variables are unclear. This research was aimed to identify the potential effects of blood glucose fluctuation, C-peptide level and conventional risk factors on CIMT. Methods A total of 280 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were enrolled into this study. Population characteristics were obtained through medical history and clinical parameters. The patients were divided into two groups according to the critical value of CIMT (0.9). Research data were analyzed to identify risk factors of CIMT between the two groups. Results The comparison results of basic information showed that differences in age and illness years between the two groups were statistically significant (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0063). Logistic regression analysis results indicated that smoking, uric acid (UA) levels, 2 h C-peptide and standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG) were the influence factors for CIMT thickening (p = 0.032, p = 0.047, p = 0.049 and p = 0.042, respectively). Blood glucose fluctuation could affect the risk of some complications. In largest amplitude of glycemic excursions (LAGE) > 4.4 group, the CIMT abnormal rate was 27.10%, which was significantly higher than 12.12% in the LAGE ≤ 4.4 group (p = 0.012). The CIMT abnormal rate of SDBG > 2.0 group was 27.81%, which was significantly higher than that of the SDBG ≤ 2.0 group (p = 0.018). Conclusions Blood glucose fluctuation is an independent risk factor associated with CIMT in T2DM patients, in addition to conventional risk factors, such as smoking, high UA level and 2 h C-peptide. Therefore, more attention should be given to the change of CIMT and the complications.

Abstract It is reported that glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM1) polymorphism is associated with non-viral hepatic cirrhosis (HC). However, some studies showed different views. Therefore, in this paper, a meta-analysis was conducted to get a more comprehensive understanding of GSTM1 polymorphisms in non-viral HC susceptibility. The results showed that GSTM1 null was associated with the increased risk of non-viral HC (OR = 1.337, 95% CI 1.112–1.804, p = 0.005). Subgroup analysis of cirrhosis type revealed that GSTM1 null was a prominent risk factor for alcoholic HC (OR = 1.416, 95% CI 1.112–1.804, p = 0.005). Meanwhile, subgroup analysis of population indicated that the significant differences only existed in Asian population (OR = 1.719, 95% CI 1.212–2.438, p = 0.002). In hospital-based studies, patients with GSTM1 null were more likely in risk of HC (OR = 1.426, 95% CI 1.092–1.863, p = 0.009). Subgroup analysis using genotyping method showed a significant association between GSTM1 null genotype and HC occurrence in the studies employing the multiple PCR genotyping method (OR = 1.559, 95% CI 1.171–2.076, p = 0.002). Based on the results of this analysis, it was concluded that GSTM1 null genotype could increase the susceptibility of non-viral hepatic cirrhosis. In addition, alcohol intake, Asian ethnicity, sample source from hospital and multiple PCR genotyping method may also influence the susceptibility of hepatic cirrhosis.

After years of face recognition research，due to the effect of illumination，noise and other conditions have led to the recognition rate is relatively low，2 d face recognition technology has couldn’t keep up with the pace of The Times the forefront，Although 3 d face recognition technology is developing step by step，but it has a higher complexity. In order to solve this problem，based on the traditional depth information positioning method and local characteristic analysis methods LFA，puts forward an improved 3 d face key feature points localization algorithm， and on the basis of the trained sample which obtained by complete cluster，further put forward the global and local feature extraction algorithm of weighted fusion. Through FＲGC and BU-3DFE experiment data comparison and analysis of the two face library，the method in terms of 3 d face recognition effect has a higher robustness.