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Xin Liu,1,* Miao Tang,2,* Tian-Yi He,1 Shuang Zhao,1 Hui-Zhou Li,1 Zhao Li,1 Yue-Xian Guo,3 Xiu-Li Wang1 1Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiu-Li Wang, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13313019968, Email wangxl311@126.comObjective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of resveratrol (Res) on paclitaxel (PTX)-induced cognitive impairment and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods: Morris Water Maze (MWM) test was used to evaluate the mice’s spatial learning and memory abilities. Western blotting was applied to detect protein expression of receptor-interacting protein (RIP3), mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), silencing information regulator 2 related enzyme 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor coactivator-1 (PGC-1α), NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), NOX4, postsynaptic density zone 95 (PSD95), arginase-1 (Arg-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Immunofluorescence of RIP3, MLKL, Arg-1, Iba-1 and iNOS was conducted to observe the apoptosis of hippocampal cells and the polarization of microglia. qRT-PCR was performed to detect BDNF mRNA expressions. DHE staining was used to assess the level of oxidative stress response. Golgi-Cox staining and dendritic spine counting were applied to visualize synaptic structural plasticity. Postsynaptic density was performed by transmission electron microscope. ELISA was used to detect the contents of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-10.Results: PTX-induced cognitive impairment model was constructed after the application of PTX, represented as longer latency to platform and less platform crossing times over the whole period in PTX group. After Res treatment, the above indicators were reversed, indicating that cognitive function was improved. Moreover, Res reduced neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress through SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway in mice, manifesting as down-regulated expression of RIP3, MLKL, NOX2 and NOX4. Meanwhile, Res increased the density of dendritic spines and the expression of PSD95 and BDNF, thereby ameliorating the PTX induced synaptic damage. Besides, M2 microglia was in the majority, eliciting the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 after Res treatment in PTX+Res group, while immunofluorescence images results demonstrated an decrease in the proportion of M2 microglia a following SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527.Conclusion: Res improves PTX-induced cognitive impairment in mice by activating SIRT1/PGC-1α pathways to regulate neuronal state and microglia cell polarization.Keywords: resveratrol, paclitaxel, SIRT1/PGC-1α, microglia, M2 polarization

Hui-Zhou Li,1 Jie Tan,1 Tian Tang,2 Tian-Zhi An,3 Jun-Xiang Li,4 Yu-Dong Xiao1 1Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550002, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Interventional Radiology, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guiyang, 550004, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yu-Dong XiaoDepartment of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13637403027Fax +86 731-85292116Email xiaoyudong222@csu.edu.cnPurpose: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is recommended in patients with unresectable HCC beyond the Milan criteria (MC). However, the long-term efficacy of TACE remains unsatisfactory. Percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) is a curative therapy for early-stage HCC that provides better local tumor control than TACE; however, MWA is limited for large or multifocal lesions. We aimed to compare treatment efficacy and downstaging rate following combined TACE-MWA and TACE alone in patients with unresectable HCC beyond the MC.Patients and Methods: Patients with unresectable HCC beyond the MC who underwent either TACE-MWA (n=91) or TACE alone (n=140) at four medical institutions were included. Potential influencing factors on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were included in the Cox regression analysis. Propensity-score matching of patients treated with TACE-MWA and TACE alone was performed. Differences in OS and PFS were compared with the Log rank test. Patients who met the University of California, San Francisco criteria were eligible for assessment of the probability of downstaging within the MC. Downstaging rate was compared between the two groups.Results: In multivariate analysis, treatment with TACE alone was an independent predictor of poor PFS (P=0.011) and OS (P< 0.001). Both PFS (P=0.043) and OS (P=0.002) were significantly higher in patients treated with TACE-MWA than those treated with TACE alone. The downstaging rate was higher in patients treated with TACE-MWA than those treated with TACE alone (P=0.039).Conclusion: Compared with TACE alone, TACE-MWA may offer a survival benefit in terms of OS and PFS in HCC patients beyond the MC. Additionally, TACE-MWA may provide higher probability of downstaging within the MC than TACE alone, thereby increasing the possibility of liver transplantation.Keywords: microwave ablation, transarterial chemoembolization, survival, propensity score-matching, Milan criteria

Yan-Xia Zhang, Ji-Ping Xue, Hui-Zhan Li, Jun-Wang Miao, Chun-Song Kang Department of Ultrasonography, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Chun-Song KangDepartment of Ultrasonography, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-13834518776Email kcsdr_09sea@163.comObjective: To evaluate the clinical value of qualitative shear wave elastography (SWE) color in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods: From January 2017 to July 2018, 241 patients with 261 thyroid nodules, who underwent conventional ultrasonography and SWE examination before surgical resection, were enrolled. The nodules were also evaluated by histopathologic analyses. The SWE color characteristics that could differentiate malignant and benign thyroid nodules were selected and scored based on the malignancy rate. The diagnostic performances were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis.Results: Among the 261 thyroid nodules, 58 were benign, and 203 were malignant. Malignancy was associated with orange or red as the color of maximum hardness inside a nodule, green as the primary color, with a “stiff rim,” inhomogeneous internal color, and inhomogeneous color between the nodules and its surrounding areas. The SWE color scores for benign thyroid nodules were mainly 0 and 1, while 4 and 5 were for malignant thyroid nodules. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the SWE color score ≥ 3 for the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules was 0.828 (95% CI: 0.764, 0.891) with a sensitivity of 82.8%, a specificity of 82.8%, and an accuracy of 83.1%. Additionally, conventional ultrasound combined with SWE color scores had a higher diagnostic performance than conventional ultrasound (AUC 0.820 vs AUC 0.796, P = 0.04).Conclusion: The SWE color scores might be a convenient and effective method to assist in differentiating thyroid nodules.Keywords: thyroid nodules, ultrasound, shear wave elastography, color characteristic

Shang-Bin Qin,1 Xian-Shu Gao,1 Hong-Zhen Li,1 Chao-Xing Liu,2 Dong-Liang Hou,3 Wei-Dong Nian,4 Xue-Ying Li,5 Dian Wang61Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiation Oncology, Shijiazhuang City First Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Medical Statistics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USAPurpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and toxicity of intra-rectal epinephrine during prostatic radiotherapy.Materials and methods: A total of 34 patients with prostate cancer were randomized to receive daily intra-rectal epinephrine (4 mg in 40 mL, n=16) or placebo (40 mL normal saline, n=18) 5 min before daily radiotherapy. Physical examination including systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) was performed before, 5 min after, and 20 min after intra-rectal use. Toxicities were graded using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group standard. A two-sided Fisher’s exact test was used to compare proportions between groups. A mixed-effects model was used to analyze multiple measurements of SBP and HR. Survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared between groups using the log-rank test.Results: All patients completed the protocol treatment and reported no cardiovascular symptoms after intra-rectal administration. There were no differences in SBP and HR between these two groups at any time point (before, 5 min after, and 20 min after epinephrine). At 5 weeks after the start of radiotherapy, the incidence of rectal toxicity≥grade 2 was 27.8% (5/18) for the control group versus 12.5% (2/16) for the epinephrine group, but was not statistically significant (p=0.4). There was no rectal toxicity≥grade 2 in these two groups beyond 2-year follow-up. The 5-year biochemical relapse-free survival was 75.0% and 72.2% for the epinephrine and control group, respectively.Conclusion: Results of this pilot randomized trial have demonstrated that intra-rectal administration of epinephrine is feasible and safe in prostatic radiotherapy. Its radio-protective effect warrants further investigation.Keywords: radiation proctitis, epinephrine, radiotherapy

Kehai Gao, Hongtao Li, Caihong Huang, Huazhuang Li, Jun Fang, Chen Tian Department of Orthopaedics, Yidu Central Hospital, Shandong, People’s Republic of China Introduction: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that has strong expression of CD30. ALCL can sometimes involve the bone marrow, and in advanced stages, it can produce destructive extranodal lesions. But anaplastic large cell lymphoma kinase (ALK)+ ALCL with soft tissue involvement is very rare.Case report: A 35-year-old woman presented with waist pain for over 1 month. The biopsy of soft tissue lesions showed that these cells were positive for ALK-1, CD30, TIA-1, GranzymeB, CD4, CD8, and Ki67 (90%+) and negative for CD3, CD5, CD20, CD10, cytokeratin (CK), TdT, HMB-45, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and pan-CK, which identified ALCL. After six cycles of Hyper-CVAD/MA regimen, she achieved partial remission. Three months later, she died due to disease progression.Conclusion: This case illustrates the unusual presentation of ALCL in soft tissue with a bad response to chemotherapy. Because of the tendency for rapid progression, ALCL in young adults with extranodal lesions are often treated with high-grade chemotherapy, such as Hyper-CVAD/MA. Keywords: anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK+, soft tissue involvement, Hyper-CVAD/MA

This article presents a cutting force model for the milling of Inconel 718 whose machinability is considered to be very poor. The Johnson–Cook constitutive material model is used to determine the flow stress of Inconel 718 while the shear angle is determined based on a shear plane model assuming that the total energy on the shear plane plus the energy on the rake face is minimum. The temperature in the machining region is determined by using an iterative process. Finally, the cutting forces on each tooth of the milling cutter are calculated from its chip load considering the oblique cutting effects. The model is then verified by comparing the model predictions with the experimental data under the corresponding conditions, which shows a relatively good agreement with an average percentage error of 10.5% along the feed and normal directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Wujijing Oral Liquid (WJJ) contained principally the flesh essence of the black-boned chicken. As a kind of food and medicine in China, it was used to treat the menstrual disturbance traditionally, but the exact mechanism of the action was not yet clear. The clinical effects of the WJJ on the symptoms of the menstrual disturbance and the reproductive hormones were studied in this paper. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 53 women with the menstrual disturbance were selected as the study object, and then they were randomly divided to receive either WJJ 10mL twice daily (n=28) or the placebo (n=25) from the 1st day after menstrual flow for 2 menstrual cycles. On the 1st day after the discontinuation of the medication but before the treatment, the scores for the menstrual pattern and the related symptoms were obtained and the blood samples were collected to test the reproductive hormones. The serum levels of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and estradiol (E2) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of progesterone (P) and testosterone (T) in serum were measured by the radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The score for the primary and related symptoms of the menstruation was increased significantly among patients treated with the WJJ. The differences on the FSH, PRL, and E2 levels of patients were significant before and after the treatment with WJJ. Comparing the WJJ group and the placebo group, the levels of P and T differed significantly after treatment. The oral liquid of WJJ was found to be safe, as it did not cause any change in the hepatic and renal functional parameters. CONCLUSION: The oral liquid of Wujijing could improve the menstrual disturbance and were generally safe and well tolerated. The possible mechanism could be associated with its effects in reinforcing the kidney and regulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis (HPOA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the 347 physicians surveyed, 58% of the male physicians and 18.8% of the female physicians were current cigarette smokers; 54.4% of the male and 70.4% of the female physicians often or always provided smoking cessation counseling for patients; 37.5% of the physicians thought that for a Chinese smoker, cigarette smoking served as a social lubricant; 31.5% thought it a habit; 21.7% thought it a stress reliever; and 9.2% thought it a social status symbol. The following 5 variables were significantly associated with physicians' smoking cessation counseling frequency: their smoking status, perceived success in their past counseling, perceived influence, perceived exemplary role, and perceived responsibility. To increase physicians' smoking cessation counseling, the Chinese Ministry of Health would need to discourage physicians to smoke and appeal to their sense of responsibility to help patients quit smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asian Canadians consistently underutilize mainstream mental health services. This study investigates how the definition and meaning of mental illness relates to barriers Asian Canadians find in accessing mental health services. Personal interviews were conducted with 60 Asian Canadians in a northern community in the province of British Columbia. Content analyses revealed six themes that defined a mental health problem: (a) feeling a lack of purpose in life, (b) feeling lonely, (c) difficulties understanding and dealing with a new environment, (d) high anxiety levels, (e) descriptions of mental health problems as somatic illnesses, and (t) perceptions of mental illness as serious and potentially not treatable. It was also found that poor English language ability and a lack of understanding of mainstream culture were major barriers to accessing mental health facilities. Findings of this study provided valuable insights concerning Asian immigrants' hesitancy accessing and utilizing mainstream mental health facilities. The many poignant personal anecdotes illustrate that the migration and adaptation processes can be painful and full of anguish. Unless their experiences are better understood and accepted, many Asian Canadians will likely remain outside of the available mainstream mental health facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the increase in cigarette smoking and the decline of anti-smoking counselling among Chinese physicians. Cigarette smoking patterns of Chinese physicians; Characteristics, cigarette smoking status and frequency of counselling by gender and age; Comparisons of anti-smoking counselling practices between 1996 and 1987 samples.

A survey of Chinese physicians' cigarette smoking habits and their counselling of patients to quit smoking was carried out in two provincial hospitals in Wuhan, capital city of Hubei province, People's Republic of China. All 559 physicians in the two hospitals were given the questionnaire, of which 86% (480) returned their completed questionnaires. Of the 480 physicians, 50.9% of the males, and 4.8% of the females were current cigarette smokers. The majority of physicians (85.6%) had counselled their patients about cigarette smoking in the past year, although few physicians (2.9%) felt that they were very successful in helping patients to quit smoking. The frequency of physicians' anti-smoking counselling was significantly correlated with a number of variables: physicians' own smoking status; whether they perceived themselves as the most influential people in helping patients to quit smoking; whether physicians thought that they were successful in their past counselling practices; and physicians' age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis has not been well demonstrated by the lack of the most convincing evidence concerning a single cell capable of giving rise to a tumor. The scarcity in quantity and improper approaches for isolation and purification of CSCs have become the major obstacles for great development in CSCs. Here we adopted suspension culture combined with anticancer regimens as a strategy for screening breast cancer stem cells (BrCSCs). BrCSCs could survive and be highly enriched in non-adherent suspension culture while chemotherapeutic agents could destroy most rapidly dividing cancer cells and spare relatively quiescent BrCSCs.Methods: TM40D murine breast cancer cells were cultured in serum-free medium. The expression of CD44+CD24- was measured by flow cytometry. Cells of passage 10 were treated in combination with anticancer agents pacilitaxel and epirubicin at different peak plasma concentrations for 24 hours, and then maintained under suspension culture. The rate of apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry with Annexin-V fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) double staining method. Selected cells in different amounts were injected subcutaneously into BALB/C mice to observe tumor formation.Results: Cells of passage 10 in suspension culture had the highest percentage of CD44+CD24- (about 77 percent). A single tumor cell in 0.35 PPC could generate tumors in 3 of 20 BALB/C mice.Conclusion: Suspension culture combined with anticancer regimens provides an effective means of isolating, culturing and purifying BrCSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To observe the dynamic expression of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in myocardium of diabetic rats and explore its role in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups including control, diabetic-4 weeks, diabetic-8 weeks and spermine treatment groups (240[mu]M of spermine in drinking water). The type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM) models were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 30mg/kg) after high-fat and high-sugar diet for one month. The echocardiographic parameters were measured, cardiac morphology was observed by electron microscope and HE staining. The intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) was detected by laser-scanning confocal microscope. Western blot analyzed the expression of CaSR, protein kinase C [alpha](PKC-[alpha]) and calcium handling regulators, such as phospholamban (PLN), Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA), and ryanodine receptor (RyR). Compared with control group, [Ca(2+)](i) and the expression of CaSR, RyR and SERCA/PLN were decreased, while PKC-[alpha] and PLN were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner in diabetic groups. Meanwhile diabetic rats displayed abnormal cardiac structure and systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and spermine (CaSR agonist) could prevent or slow its progression. These results indicate that the CaSR expression of myocardium is reduced in the progress of DCM, and its potential mechanism is related to the impaired intracellular calcium homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient and stable red perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) demonstrate promising potential in high-definition displays and biomedical applications. Although significant progress has been made in device performance, meeting commercial demands remains a challenge in the aspects of long-term stability and high external quantum efficiency (EQE). Here, an in situ crystallization regulation strategy is developed for optimizing red perovskite films through ingenious vapor design. Mixed vapor containing dimethyl sulfoxide and carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) is incorporated to conventional annealing, which contributes to thermodynamics dominated perovskite crystallization for well-aligned cascade phase arrangement. Additionally, the perovskite surface defect density is minimized by the CS 2 molecule adsorption. Consequently, the target perovskite films exhibit smooth exciton energy transfer, reduced defect density, and blocked ion migration pathways. Leveraging these advantages, spectrally stable red PeLEDs are obtained featuring emission at 668, 656, and 648 nm, which yield record peak EQEs of 30.08%, 32.14%, and 29.04%, along with prolonged half-lifetimes of 47.7, 60.0, and 43.7 h at the initial luminances of 140, 250, and 270 cd m -2 , respectively. This work provides a universal strategy for optimizing perovskite crystallization and represents a significant stride toward the commercialization of red PeLEDs., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Here, we report a monomer planarity modulation strategy for room-temperature constructing molecularly imprinted-covalent organic frameworks (MI-COFs) for selective extraction of ochratoxin A (OTA). 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) was used as basic building block, while three amino monomers with different planarity were employed as modulators to explore the effect of planarity on the selectivity of MI-COFs. The MI-TpTapa constructed from Tp and the lowest planarity of monomer Tapa gave the highest selectivity for OTA, and was further used as the adsorbent for dispersed-solid phase extraction (DSPE) of OTA in alcohol samples. Coupling MI-TpTapa based DSPE with high-performance liquid chromatography allowed the matrix-effect free determination of OTA in alcohol samples with the limit of detection of 0.023 μg kg -1 and the recoveries of 91.4-97.6%. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 6) of intra and inter day was <3.2%. This work provides a new way to construct MI-COFs for selective extraction of hazardous targets., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), the third gasotransmitter discovered, regulates a variety of physiological functions. Whether H 2 S alleviates skeletal muscle ageing by regulating autophagy has not been reported., Methods: Mice were administered 150 mg/kg/day of D-galactose ( D-gal), and C2C12 myotubes were cultured in 20 g/L D-gal to induce ageing. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) was employed as an exogenous donor in the treatment group. The intracellular concentration of H 2 S was quantified by the 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin fluorescence probe. The proteins involved in the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of AMPKα1 were detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). S-sulfhydration of USP5 was tested by a biotin-switch assay. Associated proteins were analysed by western blot., Results: NaHS was found to effectively restore the H 2 S content in both ageing gastrocnemius (+91.89%, P < 0.001) and C2C12 myotubes (+27.55%, P < 0.001). In comparison to the D-gal group, NaHS was observed to increase the mean cross-sectional area of muscle fibres (+44.91%, P < 0.001), to decrease the collagen volume fraction of gastrocnemius (-81.32%, P = 0.001) and to reduce the β-galactosidase-positive area of C2C12 myotubes (-28.74%, P < 0.001). NaHS was also found to reverse the expression of muscle atrophy F box protein (MAFbx), muscle-specific RING finger protein 1 (MuRF1), Cyclin D1 and p21 in the ageing gastrocnemius tissue (MAFbx: -31.73%, P = 0.008; MuRF1: -32.37%, P = 0.003; Cyclin D1: +45.34%, P = 0.010; p21: -25.53%, P = 0.022) and C2C12 myotubes (MAFbx: -16.38%, P < 0.001; MuRF1: -16.45%, P = 0.003; Cyclin D1: +40.23%, P < 0.001; p21: -35.85%, P = 0.026). The AMPKα1-ULK1 pathway was activated and autophagy was up-regulated in NaHS-treated gastrocnemius tissue (p-AMPKα1: +61.61%, P = 0.018; AMPKα1: +30.64%, P = 0.010; p-ULK1/ULK1: +85.87%, P = 0.005; p62: -29.07%, P < 0.001; Beclin1: +24.75%, P = 0.007; light chain 3 II/I [LC3 II/I]: +55.78%, P = 0.004) and C2C12 myotubes (p-AMPKα1: +77.49%, P = 0.018; AMPKα1: +26.18%, P = 0.022; p-ULK1/ULK1: +38.34%, P = 0.012; p62: -9.02%, P = 0.014; Beclin1: +13.36%, P < 0.001; LC3 II/I: +79.38%, P = 0.017; autophagy flux: +24.88%, P = 0.034) compared with the D-gal group. The effects of NaHS on autophagy were comparable to those of acadesine and LYN-1604, and chloroquine could reverse its effects on ageing. LC-MS/MS and Co-IP experiments demonstrated that USP5 is a deubiquitinating enzyme of AMPKα1. Following the knockdown of USP5, the activation of AMPKα1 was decreased (p-AMPKα1: -42.10%, P < 0.001; AMPKα1: -43.93%, P < 0.001), autophagy was inhibited (p-ULK1/ULK1: -27.51, P = 0.001; p62: +36.00, P < 0.001; Beclin1: -22.15%, P < 0.001) and NaHS lost its ability to up-regulate autophagy. NaHS was observed to restore the expression (gastrocnemius: +62.17%, P < 0.001; C2C12 myotubes: +37.51%, P = 0.003) and S-sulfhydration (+53.07%, P = 0.009) of USP5 and reduce the ubiquitination of AMPKα1., Conclusions: H 2 S promotes the deubiquitination of AMPKα1 by increasing the expression and S-sulfhydration of USP5, thereby up-regulating autophagy and alleviating skeletal muscle ageing., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Methane emissions from the global oil and gas value chain are a major contributor to climate change, and their mitigation could avoid 0.1 °C of warming by 2050. Here, we synthesize nearly a decade of research encompassing thousands of multiscale methane measurements along the oil and gas value chain (production to end use) to better constrain estimates of methane emissions from Canada's energy sector and to identify research gaps contributing to uncertainty in current estimates. We find that total value chain methane emissions are 2,600 (2,100-3,700) kt, which broadly agrees with Canada's latest official inventory that now includes atmospheric measurement data in some of their oil and gas methane estimates. Accurate understanding of emission magnitudes is critical because Canada committed to a 75% reduction of oil and gas methane emissions by 2030. We also identify and discuss information gaps in both emissions and activity data, namely, from the midstream, downstream, and end-use sectors. While they make up a smaller portion of the total inventory, accurate quantification of these emissions is still important and could point to more cost-effective mitigation solutions. This work emphasizes the need for frequent, comprehensive measurements to better constrain the climate impacts of the oil and gas sector and to validate reductions and commitments pledged by industry and governments.

Intramolecular exciplex systems featuring thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have garnered significant attention in the realm of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Nonetheless, the occurrence of organic sandwich intramolecular exciplexes remains rare due to structural limitations and synthetic challenges. Herein, we present a novel rigid acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) sandwich complex, dSFQP, characterized by two sp 3 C-locking moieties. This compound exhibits TADF characteristics facilitated by a multiple through-space charge-transfer process. X-ray crystallographic analysis confirms the distinctive sandwich configuration. The parallel spatial arrangement and minimized A-D-A configuration enhance electronic interactions, resulting in a high photoluminescence quantum yield, rapid reverse intersystem crossing rate, and sluggish nonradiative decay rate. OLEDs employing dSFQP as the dopant achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 28.5% with a low efficiency roll-off of merely 2.8% at 1000 cd m -2 . Even at a high brightness of 10 000 cd m -2 , the EQE remains notably high at 17.5%. Our current results provide an effective way to further innovate the design of new organic charge-transfer complexes.

Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are crucial for enhancing phosphorus bioavailability and regulating phosphorus transformation processes. However, the in situ phosphorus-solubilizing activity and the link between phenotypes and genotypes for PSB remain unidentified. Here we employed single-cell Raman spectroscopy combined with heavy water to discern and quantify soil active PSB. Our results reveal that PSB abundance and in situ activity differed significantly between soil types and fertilization treatments. Inorganic fertilizer input was the key driver for active PSB distribution. Targeted single-cell sorting and metagenomic sequencing of active PSB uncovered several low-abundance genera that are easily overlooked within bulk soil microbiota. We elucidate the underlying functional genes and metabolic pathway, and the interplay between phosphorus and carbon cycling involved in high phosphorus solubilization activity. Our study provides a single-cell approach to exploring PSB from native environments, enabling the development of a microbial solution for the efficient agronomic use of phosphorus and mitigating the phosphorus crisis., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic bone disease that is characterized by decreased bone mineral density and microstructural damage to bone tissue. Recent studies have demonstrated significant advances in the research of programmed cell death (PCD) in OP. However, there is no bibliometric analysis in this research field. This study searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database for literature related to OP and PCD from 2000 to 2023. This study used VOSviewers 1.6.20, the "bibliometrix" R package, and CiteSpace (6.2.R3) for bibliometric and visualization analysis. A total of 2905 articles from 80 countries were included, with China and the United States leading the way. The number of publications related to PCD in OP is increasing year by year. The main research institutions are Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Chinese Medical University, Southern Medical University, Zhejiang University, and Soochow University. Bone is the most popular journal in the field of PCD in OP, and the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research is the most co-cited journal. These publications come from 14,801 authors, with Liu Zong-Ping, Yang Lei, Manolagas Stavros C, Zhang Wei, and Zhao Hong-Yan having published the most papers. Ronald S. Weinstein was co-cited most often. Oxidative stress and autophagy are the current research hot spots for PCD in OP. This bibliometric study provides the first comprehensive summary of trends and developments in PCD research in OP. This information identifies the most recent research frontiers and hot directions, which will provide a definitive reference for scholars studying PCD in OP., (© 2024 The Author(s). Orthopaedic Surgery published by Tianjin Hospital and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Hyperalgesia is typified by reduced pain thresholds and heightened responses to painful stimuli, with a notable prevalence in menopausal women, but the underlying mechanisms are far from understood. β-Aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), a product of valine and thymine catabolism, has been reported to be a novel ligand of the Mas-related G protein coupled receptor D (MrgprD), which mediates pain and hyperalgesia. Here, we established a hyperalgesia model in 8-week-old female mice through ovariectomy (OVX). A significant increase in BAIBA plasma level was observed and was associated with decline of mechanical withdrawal threshold, thermal and cold withdrawal latency in mice after 6 weeks of OVX surgery. Increased expression of MrgprD in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was shown in OVX mice compared to Sham mice. Interestingly, chronic loading with BAIBA not only exacerbated hyperalgesia in OVX mice, but also induced hyperalgesia in gonadally intact female mice. BAIBA supplementation also upregulated the MrgprD expression in DRG of both OVX and intact female mice, and enhanced the excitability of DRG neurons in vitro. Knockout of MrgprD markedly suppressed the effects of BAIBA on hyperalgesia and excitability of DRG neurons. Collectively, our data suggest the involvement of BAIBA in the development of hyperalgesia via MrgprD-dependent pathway, and illuminate the mechanisms underlying hyperalgesia in menopausal women., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors assert that the research was carried out without any commercial or financial associations that could be interpreted as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Despite the rapid development of thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials, developing organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with small efficiency roll-off remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we have designed a TADF molecule (mClSFO) based on the spiro fluorene skeleton. The highly twisted structure and multiple charge-transfer channels effectively suppress aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and endow mClSFO with excellent exciton dynamic properties to reduce efficiency roll-off. Fast radiative rate (kr) and rapid reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate (kRISC) of 1.6 × 107 s-1 and 1.07 × 106 s-1, respectively, are obtained in mClSFO. As a result, OLEDs based on mClSFO obtain impressive maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) exceeding 20% across a wide doping concentration range of 10-60 wt%. 30 wt% doped OLED exhibits an EQEmax of 23.1% with a small efficiency roll-off, maintaining an EQE of 18.6% at 1000 cd m-2. The small efficiency roll-off and low concentration dependence observed in the TADF emitter underscore its significant potential., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of P. quinquefolium and P. ginseng root extracts afforded six compounds. Among these, two bioactive compounds ginsenoside Re ( 1 ) and (20 S )-ginsenoside Rg2 ( 5 ) exhibiting significant relaxation in rabbit corpus cavernosum with EC 50 values of 95.1 and 114.7 μM, respectively. In addition, the phytochemical composition of the water extract of the roots of P. quinquefolium was investigated, and thirty-one compounds were characterized, including four undescribed compounds panajaponol B ( 18 ) and panaxjapynes D-F ( 21 - 23 ). Moreover, the spectral characteristics and biosynthetic pathway of Panax triterpene saponins were discussed according to our results and some previous reports., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Plastic pollution represents a critical threat to soil ecosystems and even humans, as plastics can serve as a habitat for breeding and refuging pathogenic microorganisms against stresses. However, evaluating the health risk of plastispheres is difficult due to the lack of risk factors and quantification model. Here, DNA sequencing, single-cell Raman-D 2 O labeling, and transformation assay were used to quantify key risk factors of plastisphere, including pathogen abundance, phenotypic resistance to various stresses (antibiotic and pesticide), and ability to acquire antibiotic resistance genes. A Bayesian network model was newly introduced to integrate these three factors and infer their causal relationships. Using this model, the risk of pathogen in the plastisphere is found to be nearly 3 magnitudes higher than that in free-living state. Furthermore, this model exhibits robustness for risk prediction, even in the absence of one factor. Our framework offers a novel and practical approach to assessing the health risk of plastispheres, contributing to the management of plastic-related threats to human health.

Objective: To systematically review the progress, advantages, disadvantages, precautions and future trends of virtual simulation technology used in epidemiology teaching. Methods: A systematical literature retrieval was conducted by using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and VIP Paper Check System with key words of epidemiology, teaching and virtual simulation, and the literatures included were screened and classified with narrative integration method. Chinese virtual simulation teaching platforms were used to select the literatures about existing epidemiology virtual simulation teaching projects for integration and analysis. Results: A total of 22 articles were included (7 in Chinese and 15 in English), most of which were teaching projects for students majoring in Public Health. We also found 24 national first-class courses and 21 provincial first-class courses in virtual simulation of epidemiology in China. The application of virtual simulation technology in epidemiology education is still in its infancy, and the interaction degree is mostly moderate. It is mainly used in three scenarios: improving the visualization degree of complex concepts and structures, training the operational skills through low-risk and low-cost virtual environment, serving as an effective supplement to the teaching of epidemiological field investigation and response to public health emergencies. In terms of effect, it is conducive to students' understanding of epidemiology related phenomena and principles, and has the advantages of breaking through time and space constraints, reducing teaching costs and risks, improving students' attention and satisfaction and so on. However, it also faces the lack of foundation in the initial stage, and some students have problems such as psychological and physiological discomfort. In the future, we need to optimize the development process, program design and so on. At the same time, we should conduct more in-depth research on cost calculation, effect evaluation and curriculum integration. Conclusions: The application of virtual simulation technology in epidemiology education is an important part of training high-level applied public health talents. We encourage to actively carry out virtual simulation teaching in epidemiology, and train public health talents with Chinese characteristics.

Background: Osteoporosis is a common metabolic disorder that significantly impacts quality of life in the elderly population. Macrophages play a crucial role in the development of osteoporosis by regulating bone metabolism through cytokine secretion. However, there is a lack of scholarly literature in the field of bibliometrics on this topic., Objective: This study provides a detailed analysis of the research focus and knowledge structure of macrophage studies in osteoporosis using bibliometrics., Methods: The scientific literature on macrophage research in the context of osteoporosis, retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database spanning from January 1999 to December 2023, has been incorporated for bibliometric examination. The data is methodically analyzed and visually represented using analytical and visualization tools including VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Scimago Graphica, the Bibliometrix R package, and Pajek., Results and Conclusions: In the last quarter-century, there has been a consistent rise in the quantity of scholarly publications focusing on the relationship between macrophages and osteoporosis, resulting in a total of 1499 research documents. These studies have originated from 45 different countries, with China, South Korea, and the United States being the most prominent contributors, and the United States having the highest frequency of citations. Noteworthy research institutions involved in this field include Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wonkwang University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Seoul National University. The Journal of Bone and Mineral Research is widely regarded as the premier and most frequently referenced publication in the field. These publications involve the collaboration of 8744 authors, with Lee Myeung Su contributing the most articles, and Takayanagi being the most co-cited author. Key emerging research focal points are encapsulated in keywords such as "mTOR," "BMSCs," "bone regeneration," and "exosome." The relationships between exosome from macrophage sources and those from BMSCs, along with the regulatory role of the mTOR signaling pathway on macrophages, represent crucial directions for future development in this field. This study represents the inaugural comprehensive bibliometric analysis detailing trends and advancements in macrophage research within the osteoporosis domain. It delineates recent frontiers and hotspots, providing valuable insights for researchers in this particular area of study., (© 2024 The Author(s). Orthopaedic Surgery published by Tianjin Hospital and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

The central histaminergic system has a pivotal role in emotional regulation and psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. However, the effect of histamine on neuronal activity of the centrolateral amygdala (CeL), an essential node for fear and anxiety processing, remains unknown. Here, using immunostaining and whole-cell patch clamp recording combined with optogenetic manipulation of histaminergic terminals in CeL slices prepared from histidine decarboxylase (HDC)-Cre rats, we show that histamine selectively suppresses excitatory synaptic transmissions, including glutamatergic transmission from the basolateral amygdala, on both PKC-δ- and SOM-positive CeL neurons. The histamine-induced effect is mediated by H3 receptors expressed on VGLUT1-/VGLUT2-positive presynaptic terminals in CeL. Furthermore, optoactivation of histaminergic afferent terminals from the hypothalamic tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) also significantly suppresses glutamatergic transmissions in CeL via H3 receptors. Histamine neither modulates inhibitory synaptic transmission by presynaptic H3 receptors nor directly excites CeL neurons by postsynaptic H1, H2 or H4 receptors. These results suggest that histaminergic afferent inputs and presynaptic H3 heteroreceptors may hold a critical position in balancing excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmissions in CeL by selective modulation of glutamatergic drive, which may not only account for the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders but also provide potential psychotherapeutic targets. KEY POINTS: Histamine selectively suppresses the excitatory, rather than inhibitory, synaptic transmissions on both PKC-δ- and SOM-positive neurons in the centrolateral amygdala (CeL). H3 receptors expressed on VGLUT1- or VGLUT2-positive afferent terminals mediate the suppression of histamine on glutamatergic synaptic transmission in CeL. Optogenetic activation of hypothalamic tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN)-CeL histaminergic projections inhibits glutamatergic transmission in CeL via H3 receptors., (© 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2024 The Physiological Society.)

In recent years, a few asparaginyl endopeptidases (AEPs) from certain higher plants have been identified as efficient peptide ligases with wide applications in protein labeling and cyclic peptide synthesis. Recently, we developed a NanoLuc Binary Technology (NanoBiT)-based peptide ligase activity assay to identify more AEP-type peptide ligases. Herein, we screened 61 bamboo species from 16 genera using this assay and detected AEP-type peptide ligase activity in the crude extract of all tested bamboo leaves. From a popular bamboo species, Bambusa multiplex, we identified a full-length AEP-type peptide ligase candidate (BmAEP1) via transcriptomic sequencing. After its zymogen was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and self-activated in vitro, BmAEP1 displayed high peptide ligase activity, but with considerable hydrolytic activity. After site-directed mutagenesis of its ligase activity determinants, the mutant zymogen of [G238V]BmAEP1 was normally overexpressed in E. coli, but failed to activate itself. To resolve this problem, we developed a novel protease-assisted activation approach in which trypsin was used to cleave the mutant zymogen and was then conveniently removed via ion-exchange chromatography. After the noncovalently bound cap domain was dissociated from the catalytic core domain under acidic conditions, the recombinant [G238V]BmAEP1 displayed high peptide ligase activity with much lower hydrolytic activity and could efficiently catalyze inter-molecular protein ligation and intramolecular peptide cyclization. Thus, the engineered bamboo-derived peptide ligase represents a novel tool for protein labeling and cyclic peptide synthesis., (© 2024 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.)

Proline is widely known as the only proteogenic amino acid with a secondary amine. In addition to its crucial role in protein structure, the secondary amino acid modulates neurotransmission and regulates the kinetics of signaling proteins. To understand the structural basis of proline import, we solved the structure of the proline transporter SIT1 in complex with the COVID-19 viral receptor ACE2 by cryo-electron microscopy. The structure of pipecolate-bound SIT1 reveals the specific sequence requirements for proline transport in the SLC6 family and how this protein excludes amino acids with extended side chains. By comparing apo and substrate-bound SIT1 states, we also identify the structural changes that link substrate release and opening of the cytoplasmic gate and provide an explanation for how a missense mutation in the transporter causes iminoglycinuria., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objectives: To explore the association between violent behaviors and emotions in individuals with mental disorders, to evaluate the application value of facial expression analysis technology in violence risk assessment of individuals with mental disorders in supervised settings, and to provide a reference for violence risk assessment., Methods: Thirty-nine male individuals with mental disorders in supervised settings were selected, the participant risk of violence, cognitive function, psychiatric symptoms and severity were assessed using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS), the Historical, Clinical, Risk Management-Chinese version(HCR-CV), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). An emotional arousal was performed on the participants and the intensity of their emotions and facial expression action units was recorded before, during and after the arousal. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences in the intensity of emotions and facial expression action units before, during and after the arousal. Pearson correlation analysis was used to calculate the correlations between the intensity of the seven basic emotional facial expressions and the scores of the assessment scales., Results: The intensity difference of sadness, surprise and fear in different time periods was statistically significant ( P <0.05). The intensity of the left medial eyebrow lift action unit was found significantly different before and after the emotional arousal ( P <0.05). The intensity of anger was positively correlated with the Modified Overt Aggression Scale score throughout the experiment ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: Eye action units such as eyebrow lifting, eyelid tightening and upper eyelid lifting can be used as effective action units to identify sadness, anger and other negative emotions associated with violent behaviors. Facial expression analysis technology can be used as an auxiliary tool to assess the potential risk of violence in individuals with mental disorders in supervised settings.

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling encompasses a multitude of functions, including regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, and patterning. FGFs and their receptors (FGFR) are crucial for adult tissue repair processes. Aberrant FGF signal transduction is associated with various pathological conditions such as cartilage damage, bone loss, muscle reduction, and other core pathological changes observed in orthopedic degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis (OA), intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), osteoporosis (OP), and sarcopenia. In OA and IVDD pathologies specifically, FGF1, FGF2, FGF8, FGF9, FGF18, FGF21, and FGF23 regulate the synthesis, catabolism, and ossification of cartilage tissue. Additionally, the dysregulation of FGFR expression (FGFR1 and FGFR3) promotes the pathological process of cartilage degradation. In OP and sarcopenia, endocrine-derived FGFs (FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23) modulate bone mineral synthesis and decomposition as well as muscle tissues. FGF2 and other FGFs also exert regulatory roles. A growing body of research has focused on understanding the implications of FGF signaling in orthopedic degeneration. Moreover, an increasing number of potential targets within the FGF signaling have been identified, such as FGF9, FGF18, and FGF23. However, it should be noted that most of these discoveries are still in the experimental stage, and further studies are needed before clinical application can be considered. Presently, this review aims to document the association between the FGF signaling pathway and the development and progression of orthopedic diseases. Besides, current therapeutic strategies targeting the FGF signaling pathway to prevent and treat orthopedic degeneration will be evaluated., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Xylem serves as a conduit linking soil to the aboveground plant parts and facilitating the upward movement of microbes into leaves and fruits. Despite this potential, the composition of the xylem microbiome and its associated risks, including antibiotic resistance, are understudied. Here, we cultivated tomatoes and analyzed their xylem sap to assess the microbiome and antibiotic resistance profiles following treatment with sewage sludge. Our findings show that xylem microbes primarily originate from soil, albeit with reduced diversity in comparison to those of their soil microbiomes. Using single-cell Raman spectroscopy coupled with D 2 O labeling, we detected significantly higher metabolic activity in xylem microbes than in rhizosphere soil, with 87% of xylem microbes active compared to just 36% in the soil. Additionally, xylem was pinpointed as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), with their abundance being 2.4-6.9 times higher than in rhizosphere soil. Sludge addition dramatically increased the abundance of ARGs in xylem and also increased their mobility and host pathogenicity. Xylem represents a distinct ecological niche for microbes and is a significant reservoir for ARGs. These results could be used to manage the resistome in crops and improve food safety.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between bone metabolism markers, bone mineral density (BMD), and sarcopenia., Methods: A total of 331 consecutive patients aged ≥ 60 years who were hospitalized between November 2020 and December 2021 were enrolled. Participants were divided into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups according to the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia criteria (AWGS, 2019). The clinical data, bone metabolism markers (β-CTX, N-MID, and TP1NP), and BMD were compared between the two groups., Results: Age, β-CTX, and N-MID of the sarcopenia group were higher than those of the non-sarcopenia group (P < 0.05), but the BMD T values were lower than those of the non-sarcopenia group (P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that increased femoral neck BMD (FNBMD) was a protective factor for sarcopenia, while increased β-CTX was a risk factor. Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis showed that the diagnostic indices of sarcopenia were positively correlated with FNBMD and negatively correlated with β-CTX and N-MID. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that BMI and FNBMD significantly positively affected muscle strength and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM). The FNBMD significantly positively affected physical performance, while β-CTX significantly negatively affected muscle strength, ASM, and physical performance., Conclusion: Increased FNBMD may be a protective factor against sarcopenia, and increased β-CTX may be a risk factor. The FNBMD significantly positively affected the diagnostic indices of sarcopenia, while β-CTX significantly negatively affected them. BMD and bone metabolism marker levels may be considered in early screening for sarcopenia., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE).)

Gas explosion is one of the main accident risks during underground coal gasification (UCG). There are significant differences in the gas composition and explosive environment between UCG syngas and other gases. Previous research on the explosion characteristics of UCG syngas is not comprehensive enough, especially without considering the influence of the initial temperature on various characteristic parameters. A set of calculation methods for explosion characteristic parameters of UCG syngas based on existing research was proposed, which was applied to analyze explosion characteristics of syngas produced by different gasifying processes in the Huating UCG industrial test. The results showed that with the initial temperature improving, the maximum temperature and upper explosion limit of different gases increased, while the maximum pressure, lower explosion limit, and oxygen content safety limit decreased. However, the explosion thermal effect, pressure rise rate, and explosion characteristic values showed small changes. When the initial temperature increased from 298 to 1473 K, the explosion temperature of different gas explosions increased from 1645-2286 to 2652-3238 K, the maximum pressure dropped from 0.59-0.81 MPa (absolute pressure) to 0.19-0.23 MPa, the lower explosion limit dropped from 12.34-29.79% to 0.58-1.77%, the upper explosion limit increased from 55.68-83.35% to 70.89-93.73%, and the safety limit of oxygen content dropped from 4.86-6.37% to 0.26-0.34%. In addition, the gas calorific value also affected the values of various explosion characteristic parameters, among which the explosive thermal effect, maximum temperature, maximum pressure, pressure rise rate, explosion characteristic value, and safety limit of oxygen content in the syngas were all proportional to the calorific value of gas, while the lower and upper limits of explosion were inversely proportional to it. Based on the above research, syngas explosion-prone stages and causes of each potential risk area in the Huating UCG project were analyzed, the explosion characteristic parameters were determined, and targeted prevention and control measures were proposed accordingly. This study can lay a theoretical foundation for the study of syngas explosion characteristics and risk control for the UCG project., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPB) contribute profoundly to the global carbon cycle. However, most AAPB in marine environments are uncultured and at low abundance, hampering the recognition of their functions and molecular mechanisms. In this study, we developed a new culture-independent method to identify and sort AAPB using single-cell Raman/fluorescence spectroscopy. Characteristic Raman and fluorescent bands specific to bacteriochlorophyll a (Bchl a ) in AAPB were determined by comparing multiple known AAPB with non-AAPB isolates. Using these spectroscopic biomarkers, AAPB in coastal seawater, pelagic seawater, and hydrothermal sediment samples were screened, sorted, and sequenced. 16S rRNA gene analysis and functional gene annotations of sorted cells revealed novel AAPB members and functional genes, including one species belonging to the genus Sphingomonas , two genera affiliated to classes Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria , and function genes bchCDIX , pucC2 , and pufL related to Bchl a biosynthesis and photosynthetic reaction center assembly. Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of sorted cells from pelagic seawater and deep-sea hydrothermal sediment belonged to Erythrobacter sanguineus that was considered as an AAPB and genus Sphingomonas , respectively. Moreover, multiple photosynthesis-related genes were annotated in both MAGs, and comparative genomic analysis revealed several exclusive genes involved in amino acid and inorganic ion metabolism and transport. This study employed a new single-cell spectroscopy method to detect AAPB, not only broadening the taxonomic and genetic contents of AAPB in marine environments but also revealing their genetic mechanisms at the single-genomic level.

Physical exercise is known to reduce anxiety, but the underlying brain mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we explore a hypothalamo-cerebello-amygdalar circuit that may mediate motor-dependent alleviation of anxiety. This three-neuron loop, in which the cerebellar dentate nucleus takes center stage, bridges the motor system with the emotional system. Subjecting animals to a constant rotarod engages glutamatergic cerebellar dentate neurons that drive PKCδ + amygdalar neurons to elicit an anxiolytic effect. Moreover, challenging animals on an accelerated rather than a constant rotarod engages hypothalamic neurons that provide a superimposed anxiolytic effect via an orexinergic projection to the dentate neurons that activate the amygdala. Our findings reveal a cerebello-limbic pathway that may contribute to motor-triggered alleviation of anxiety and that may be optimally exploited during challenging physical exercise., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction/background: Positive surgical margins (PSMs) after radical prostatectomy (RP) can increase the risk of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, the prediction of the likelihood of PSMs in patients undergoing similar surgical procedures remains a challenge. We aim to develop a predictive model for PSMs in patients undergoing non-nerve-sparing RP., Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed data from PCa patients who underwent minimally invasive non-nerve-sparing RP at our hospital between June 2017 and June 2021. We identified independent risk factors associated with PSMs using clinical and MRI-based parameters in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes. These factors were then used to develop a nomogram for predicting the probability of PSMs. The predictive performance was validated using calibration and receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve ,and decision curve analysis., Results: Multivariate analyzes revealed prostate-specific antigen density, tumor size, tumor location at the apex, tumor contact length, extracapsular extension (ECE) level, and apparent diffusion coefficient value as independent risk factors. A nomogram was developed and validated with high accuracy (C-index = 0.78). Furthermore, we found that 44.2% of patients diagnosed with organ-confined disease had ECE after surgery, and 29.1% of patients with Gleason scores ≤7 had higher pathological scores. Interestingly, the tumor burden calculated from PCa biopsy cores was overestimated when compared to postoperative PCa specimens., Conclusion: We developed a reliable nomogram for predicting the risk of PSMs in PCa patients undergoing non-nerve-sparing RP. The study highlights the importance of incorporating these parameters in personalized surgical management., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)