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Background Ethnic medicine holds numerous advantages in the treatment of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs). However, there is a concerning trend of abuse of ethnic medicine, particularly in the absence of tailored clinical drug recommendations specifically designed for this purpose. Consequently, it is of crucial importance to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of PVCs within the context of ethnic medicine. Objective To establish the clinical problems and outcome indicators of the Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Ethnic Medicine in the Treatment of Palpitation (Arrhythmia-Premature Ventricular Complexes) . Methods The inquiring experts were members of the consensus expert group, encompassing experts in the fields of cardiology, evidence-based medicine, and pharmacology. Specifically, within cardiology, they comprised multi-ethnic medical experts in traditional Chinese medicine, Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, Uyghur medicine, Dai medicine, Korean medicine, and Zhuang medicine. Drawing from the available literature and expert interview reports, the research team conducted a comprehensive search of relevant literature on the treatment of PVCs using various ethnic medical practices. In April 2023, a series of one-on-one online interviews were conducted with 14 multi-ethnic medical experts. Following the integration of the interview results and expert experiences, the consensus steering committee and working group jointly drafted the initial proposals for clinical questions and outcome indicators, subsequently designing a survey questionnaire. Between May and July 2023, two rounds of questionnaire surveys were conducted, rigorously evaluating the positivity, concentration, coordination, and reliability of the questionnaire responses. Results The expert panel was characterized by its multidisciplinary collaboration, authority, and geographical representation. The two rounds of the Delphi method yielded a positive coefficient of 99.1%. For the five background questions, the mean score was greater than 4, with the full scale exceeding 40%. For the ten prospective questions, the mean score was greater than 3.9, with the full scale surpassing 35%. Additionally, the nine outcome indicators achieved a mean score greater than 7, with the full scale exceeding 30%. The mean coefficient of variation for these metrics was 14.9%, 16.3%, and 17.6%. The Kendall harmony coefficients for clinical questions and outcome indicators were 0.267 and 0.316. The chi-square test showed a P-value of less than 0.05. The Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.913 and 0.905, both exceeding 0.7, suggesting high reliability. Overall, the quality control results were satisfactory, indicating a high degree of credibility in the questionnaire design. Conclusion Utilizing the Delphi method, we have identified the clinical problems and outcome indicators that need to be addressed in the development of the Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Ethnic Medicine in the Treatment of Palpitation (Arrhythmia-Premature Ventricular Complexes), laying a solid foundation for the subsequent formulation of the consensus.

Dendrobium longicornu Lindl is an epiphytic orchid with significant ornamental values. Here, we report the first complete chloroplast genome of D. longicornu. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of D. longicornu is 160,024 bp in length and consisted of two inverted repeats (IRs, 25,403 bp), which were separated by a large single copy region (LSC, 88,075 bp) and a small single copy region (SSC, 21,143 bp). The cp genome encoded 142 genes, of which 110 were unique genes (80 protein-coding genes, 26 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs). Phylogenetic analysis showed that D. longicornu clustered together with D. ellipsophy.

Dendrobium harveyanum is an endangered species of Orchidaceae. Here we report the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence and the cp genome features of D. harveyanum. The complete cp genome sequence of D. harveyanum is 157,292 bp in length and presented a typical quadripartite structure including one large single-copy region (LSC, 86,583 bp), one small single-copy region (SSC, 19,449 bp), and two inverted repeat regions (IRs, 25,630 bp each). The cp genome encoded 138 genes, of which 120 were unique genes. The phylogenetic relationships show that D. harveyanum is closely related to other species in Dendrobium.

Background: Lazertinib demonstrates efficacy similar to that of osimertinib in the first-line treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR )-mutated advanced lung cancer. However, its cost-effectiveness has not yet been evaluated. Objective: To study the cost-effectiveness of lazertinib as a first-line treatment for patients with EGFR -mutated advanced lung cancer. Design: A partitioned survival model-based cost-effectiveness analysis. Methods: We conducted the economic analysis from the perspective of the healthcare sector with a lifetime horizon. Simulated patients were entered into the models upon the diagnosis of EGFR -mutated advanced lung cancer. Lazertinib was compared with gefitinib. The model inputs were derived from the trials (survival outcomes, incidence of adverse events (AEs), and subsequent therapies), National Health Insurance payments (costs of drugs and AEs), and hospital cohorts (utility values). Deterministic and probabilistic analyses were also conducted. Results: Applying the same daily price of osimertinib (US$110) to that of lazertinib, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of lazertinib versus gefitinib was US$93,792 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). The cost of lazertinib was a major determinant. If the daily price of lazertinib could be reduced to US$75, lazertinib would become cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of US$70,000 per QALY. Given the WTP threshold, the probability that lazertinib would be cost-effective was 0.7%. Conclusion: Lazertinib is not a cost-effective first-line treatment for EGFR -mutated advanced lung cancer. Lowering prices enables cost-effectiveness.

High temperatures and drought present significant abiotic challenges that can limit the survival of many arthropods, including wolf spiders, which are ectothermic and play a crucial role in controlling pest populations. However, the impact of these stress factors on the microbiota of spiders remains poorly understood. In this study, we utilized 16 S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the diversity and composition of bacterial communities within Pardosa pseudoannulata under conditions of high temperature and drought stress. We found that Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the predominant bacterial phyla present. Analyses of alpha diversity indicated an increase in bacterial diversity under combined stress conditions, as reflected by various diversity indices such as Ace, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson. Furthermore, co-occurrence network analysis highlighted intricate interactions among the microbial taxa (e.g., Enterobacter, Chitinophaga, and Eubacterium), revealing the adaptive complexity of the spider's microbiome to environmental stress. Functional prediction analysis suggested that combined stress conditions might enhance key metabolic pathways, particularly those related to oxidative phosphorylation and amino acid metabolism. Using Random Forest analysis, we determined that changes in three heat shock proteins were largely attributed to variations in bacterial communities, with Firmicutes being notably influential. Collectively, this in-depth analysis offers novel insights into the responses of microbial communities within spider microbiomes to combined abiotic stresses, providing valuable information for understanding extreme climate impacts and informing ecological management strategies.

Abstract Background Due to the lack of corresponding clinical symptoms, small calcified gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are often overlooked in clinical practice. Therefore, there is an unmet need to define the imaging features of calcified micro-gastric GISTs to facilitate diagnosis. This study retrospectively analyzed the computed tomography (CT) features of pathologically confirmed calcified micro-gastric GISTs. Methods The medical records (gastroscopy, pre-treatment gastric CT imaging [pre- and post-contrast scans], pathology) of patients with calcified gastric GISTs

The flowering plants (angiosperms) are the dominant and defining group of the Earth ecosystems today. However, from which group and by what way flowers, especially their gynoecia (the key characteristic organs of angiosperms), are derived have been key questions in botany, and have remained unanswered despite botanists’ efforts over centuries. Such an embarrassing situation can be attributed to the lack of plants with partially enclosed ovules, which are supposed fill a position between gymnosperms and angiosperms. Here, we report a fossil plant that has apparent coniferous vegetative and reproductive characters but has a single seed partially wrapped by the subtending bract. Such a morphology suggests that a carpel of some angiosperms is equivalent to a lateral appendage (a bract plus its axillary seed) of this fossil. Such a non-traditional interpretation of the homology of angiosperm carpels is compatible with various new progresses made in botany and is in line with Tomlinson’s recent hypothesis. Together with other fossil evidence reported recently, it appears that gynoecia in angiosperms are derived in multiple ways.

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27, HPPD) is currently one of the popular targets of herbicide research, and herbicides targeting it have shown promising results in treating resistant weeds. However, the long-term application of HPPD inhibitors with in their classical scaffolds inevitably leads to the development of drug resistance. To further delay the underlying development of weed resistance to HPPD inhibitors, we successfully screened HPPD inhibitor pharmacophore with novel chelate structures using computer-aided drug molecular design and obtained 2-trifluoromethyltetrazolium nicotinamide derivatives through active fragment splicing. Among these derivatives, 6-(3,3-diethyl-1-methylureido)-N-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide (compound 31), exhibited the most promising in vitro enzyme inhibitory activity, with IC50 value of 0.072 μM, which was approximately five times better than that of the control agent mesotrione (IC50 = 0.363 μM). The crystal structure of the AtHPPD complexed with compound 31 (2.0 Å) and the binding energy calculations of the representative compounds revealed several important interactions of the ligand binding to the target protein, which explained the superior enzyme inhibitory activity of the compounds at the molecular level. In addition, compounds 7 and 31 possessed 100% inhibition against the five target weeds at the tested dosage and both were more effective against Setaria viridis than mesotrione. In general, it is promising to design novel HPPD inhibitors by developing novel chelating structures, and compounds 7 or 31 could be used as the leads for further development of valuable HPPD inhibitors.

Supramolecular metal–organic cages, a class of molecular containers formed via coordination-driven self-assembly, have attracted sustained attention for their applications in catalysis, due to their structural aesthetics and unique properties. Their inherent confined cavity is considered to be analogous to the binding pocket of enzymes, and the facile tunability of building blocks offers a diverse platform for enzyme mimics to promote organic reactions. This minireview covers the recent progress of supramolecular metal–organic coordination cages for boosting organic reactions as reaction vessels or catalysts. The developments in the utilizations of the metal–organic cages for accelerating the organic reactions, improving the selectivity of the reactions are summarized. In addition, recent developments and successes in tandem or cascade reactions promoted by supramolecular metal–organic cages are discussed.

Patients with single left ventricle (SLV) and tricuspid atresia (TA) have impaired systolic and diastolic function. However, there are few comparative studies among patients with SLV, TA and children without heart disease. The current study includes 15 children in each group. The parameters measured by two-dimensional echocardiography, three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3DSTE), and vortexes calculated by computational fluid dynamics were compared among these three groups. Twist is best correlated with ejection fraction measured by 3DSTE. Twist, torsion, apical rotation, average radial strain, peak velocity of systolic wave in left lateral wall by tissue Doppler imaging (sL), and myocardial performance index are better in the TA group than those in the SLV group. sL by tissue Doppler imaging in the TA group are even higher than those in the Control group. In patients with SLV, blood flow spreads out in a fan-shaped manner and forms two small vortices. In the TA group, the main vortex is similar to the one in a normal LV chamber, but smaller. The vortex rings during diastolic phase are incomplete in the SLV and TA groups. In summary, patients with SLV or TA have impaired systolic and diastolic function. Patients with SLV had poorer cardiac function than those with TA due to less compensation and more disordered streamline. Twist may be good indicator for LV function.

Cymbidium, which includes approximately 80 species, is one of the most ornamental and cultivated orchid genera. However, a lack of markers and sparse sampling have posed great challenges to resolving the phylogenetic relationships within the genus. In the present study, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships by utilizing one nuclear DNA (nrITS) and seven plastid genes (rbcL, trnS, trnG, matK, trnL, psbA, and atpI) from 70 species (varieties) in Cymbidium. We also examined the occurrence of phylogenetic conflict between nuclear (nrITS) and plastid loci and investigated how phylogenetic conflict bears on taxonomic classification within the genus. We found that phylogenetic conflict and low support values may be explained by hybridization and a lack of informative characteristics. Our results do not support previous classification of the subgenera and sections within Cymbidium. Discordance between gene trees and network analysis indicate that reticulate evolution occurred in the genus Cymbidium. Overall, our study indicates that Cymbidium has undergone a complex evolution.

Dipteris shenzhenensis, a new species of ferns from Shenzhen, Guangdong, southern China, is identified and described. It closely resembles D. chinensis but possesses several unique traits, such as long rhizome scales, castaneous stipe, and abaxially pale fronds with two fan-shaped fronds connected by a broad wing. Molecular evidence showed that D. shenzhenensis is allied to D. conjugata, whereas it has morphologically significant differences (P < 0.05) on the basis of quantitative trait statistical analysis. Overall, the morphological evidence, taken together with the result of cpDNA indicated that D. shenzhenensis is a distinct species.

Dryopteris wulingshanensis, a new species growing on limestone in the Wulingshan Mountains, Hunan, China, is described and illustrated. This species is most similar to D. jishouensis and D. gymnophylla on general morphological traits, such as the form of scales, rhizome and sori, but differs by the number of vascular bundles at the base of the petiole, length to width ratio of lamina, stalk length of basal pinnae, division of the lamina, apex form of the pinnule and habitat. Moreover, molecular phylogenetic analysis using the chloroplast rbcL gene suggested that D. wulingshanensis, as the sister group of D. jishouensis, is a monophyletic clade. According to its restricted geographic range, small populations and few individuals, D. wulingshanensis should be considered endangered, according to the IUCN Red List criteria.

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a positive single-strand RNA virus causing myocarditis, pancreatitis and meningitis. During CVB3 infection, various host cellular components, including proteins and non-coding RNAs, interact with the virus and affect viral infection. Poly(rC) binding protein 1 (PCBP1) is a multifunctional RNA binding protein regulating transcription, translation and mRNA stability of a variety of genes. In this study, we observed a significant reduction of PCBP1 protein during CVB3 infection. By bioinformatic prediction and luciferase-assay verification, we confirmed that the expression of PCBP1 was directly inhibited by miR-21, a microRNA upregulated during CVB3 infection. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of PCBP1 promoted CVB3 infection and knocking down of PCBP1 inhibited it. In the subsequent mechanism study, our results revealed that PCBP1 blocked the translation of p62/SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1), an autophagy-receptor protein suppressing CVB3 replication, by interacting with the cis-element in the 5′ untranslational region (5′ UTR) of p62/SQSTM1. In summary, our studies have identified PCBP1 as a beneficial factor for CVB3 infection. These findings may deepen the understanding of host-virus interactions and provide a potential target for intervention of CVB3 infection.

Objective: To investigate the effect of manual reduction with traditional small splints fixation for distal radius fractures in older patients in the emergency department. Methods: Older patients (aged at least 60 years) with distal radius fractures were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group. The treatment group was treated with manual reduction and small splints fixation. The control group was treated with manual reduction and resin plaster fixation. Before treatment, after reduction, and 3 months after treatment, the palmar tilt angle, ulnar deviation angle, and radial length were recorded. Before treatment and 3 months after treatment, the Cooney wrist joint scores were recorded. The time of fracture healing and related adverse events during the treatment were recorded. Results: Before treatment and after reduction, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in palmar tilt angle, ulnar deviation angle, or radial length (P>0.05). Three months after treatment, the palmar tilt angle, ulnar deviation angle, and radial length of the treatment group were better than those of the control group (P0.05). Conclusions: Compared with resin plaster fixation, traditional small splints fixation for distal radius fractures in older patients have the advantages of less loss of fracture reduction and faster functional recovery. Besides, the method is simple and low cost thus, it needs to be promoted.

Background: Although various angiosperms (including their flowers) have been reported from the Yixian Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of China, which is famous worldwide for its fossils of early angiosperms, no flower bud has hitherto been seen in the Early Cretaceous. Such a lack of examples hinders our understanding of the evolution of flowers. Methods: The specimen studied in the present paper was collected from an outcrop of the Yixian Formation (the Barremian-Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Dawangzhangzi in Lingyuan, Liaoning, China. The specimen was photographed using a Nikon D200 digital camera, its details were observed and photographed using a Nikon SMZ1500 stereomicroscope, and some of its details were observed using a Leo 1530 VP SEM. Results: We report a fossilized flower bud, Archaebuda lingyuanensis gen. et sp. nov, from the Yixian Formation of China. The debut of Archaebuda in the Yixian Formation provides first-hand material for debate on the early evolution of angiosperm flowers and underscores the great diversity of angiosperms in the Yixian Formation.

In this study, we compared the decontamination kinetics of various target compounds and the oxidation by-products (bromate and chlorate) of PMS, PDS, and H2O2 under UV irradiation (UV/PMS, UV/PDS, UV/H2O2). Probes of different reactivity with hydroxyl and sulfate radicals, such as benzoic acid (BA), nitrobenzene (NB), and trichloromethane (TCM), were selected to compare the decontamination efficiency of the three oxidation systems. Experiments were performed under acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH conditions to obtain a full-scale comparison of UV/peroxides. Furthermore, the decontamination efficiency was also compared in the presence of common radical scavengers in water bodies [bicarbonate, carbonate, and natural organic matter (NOM)]. Finally, the formation of oxidation by-products, bromate, and chlorate, was also monitored in comparison in pure water and tap water. Results showed that UV/H2O2 showed higher decontamination efficiency than UV/PDS and UV/PMS for BA degradation while UV/H2O2 and UV/PMS showed better decontamination performance than UV/PDS for NB degradation under acidic and neutral conditions. UV/PMS was the most efficient among the three processes for BA and NB degradation under alkaline conditions, while UV/PDS was the most efficient for TCM degradation under all pH conditions. In pure water, both bromate and chlorate were formed in UV/PDS, small amounts of bromate and rare chlorate were observed in UV/PMS, and no detectable bromate and chlorate were formed in UV/H2O2. In tap water, no bromate and chlorate were detectable for all three systems.

Mechanically interlocked molecules are extensively applied as artificial molecular machines but rotaxane-branched dendrimers are rarely explored because of synthetic challenges. Here the authors present the construction of dual stimuli-responsive rotaxane-branched dendrimer which can be stimulated by DMSO or acetate ions.

Metal coordination of multitopic ligands is a powerful approach to building complex, functional architectures. Here, the authors construct three generations of fluorescent supramolecular rosettes by coordination of aggregation-induced emissive ligands, including a 2nd-generation macrocycle that emits pure white light.

AIM:To explore clinical characteristics of supracho-roidal hemorrhage(SCH)complicated by intraocular surgery and to observe visual prognosis. METHODS:A total of 13 eyes(13 cases)with SCH related to intraocular surgery from June 2005 to June 2015 were included and respectively studied. The age of our cases ranged from 22 to 76. Of all, 4 eyes(31%)were concomitant with hypertension, 6 eyes(46%)with high myopia and 6 eyes(46%)with oculi hypertonia, respectively. Intraoperative expulsive SCH occurred in 8 eyes, while postoperative delayed SCH in 5 eyes. The most SCH(7 eyes)happened during the surgery of removing silicone oil, 4 eyes with SCH were related to extracapsular cataract extraction(ECCE), 1 SCH eye was complicated by ECCE combined with trabeculectomy and 1 SCH eye by lensectomy and vitrectomy. As for treatment, 5 eyes took medication alone, 4 eyes were performed drainage sclerotomy and gas tamponade, while the other 4 eyes were accomplished vitrectomy with adjunctive perfluoro-carbon liquids and silicone oil tamponade. RESULTS:At the 10-month of follow-up, all eyes with SCH were resolved. Except 1 eye with no light perception owing to abandoning treatment, the sights of the other 12 eyes were between light perception and 0.4. CONCLUSION:SCH complicated by intraocular surgery was rare but with devastating outcome. Aged patients, hypertension, high myopia and oculi hypertonia may be risk factors. In addition, surgical methods in the early years were likely correlated to the occurrence of SCH. Certain sight of the patients with SCH may be maintained after positive treatment.