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A moisture detection of single rice grains using a slim and small open-ended coaxial probe is presented. The coaxial probe is suitable for the nondestructive measurement of moisture values in the rice grains ranging from from 9.5% to 26%. Empirical polynomial models are developed to predict the gravimetric moisture content of rice based on measured reflection coefficients using a vector network analyzer. The relationship between the reflection coefficient and relative permittivity were also created using a regression method and expressed in a polynomial model, whose model coefficients were obtained by fitting the data from Finite Element-based simulation. Besides, the designed single rice grain sample holder and experimental set-up were shown. The measurement of single rice grains in this study is more precise compared to the measurement in conventional bulk rice grains, as the random air gap present in the bulk rice grains is excluded.

This paper focuses on the determination of the degree of the emulsion for the water-in-palm oil mixture. The degree of emulsion of the mixture is dependent on the properties of dielectric constant. The dielectric properties of the mixtures were measured using Agilent dielectric probe with frequencies ranging from 1 GHz to 18 GHz. Two types of mixture rules were discussed and respectively used in the modeling of the dielectric properties of both crude palm oil and crude kernel palm oil. The macroscopic analysis on the mechanisms occurs in both water-palm oil mixtures were carried out and discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]