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This study aims to review the documents in disasters, risk and crises to produce a generic model for developing a holistic framework in the tourism and hospitality industry. This study uses bibliometric analysis and a systematic narrative review of 795 documents from the Web of Science and Scopus databases to determine the number of publications, top authors, top cited documents, top journals, regional distribution, mapping topic trends, the structure of disasters, risk and crises, and the type of disasters, risk and crises. The results find some issues in the disaster and crises such as crises management, resilience, and recovery from disasters, risk, and crises in the tourism and hospitality industry. This study presents a comprehensive framework for tourism and hospitality resilience and recovery process after a disasters and crises.

Quorum sensing (QS), an intercellular communication process, depends on the generation, release, and detection of extracellular signaling molecules (autoinducers). Upon binding to their corresponding receptors, these autoinducers activate target genes, regulating various bacterial activities including bioluminescence, swimming and swarming motility, symbiosis, protein secretion, plasmid exchange, secondary metabolite production, and biofilm development. Many interactions between plants and microorganisms depend on bacterial QS systems, making them a powerful tool for regulating plant growth and controlling plant pathogens. As QS research deepens, more QS inhibitors (QSIs) emerge, exhibiting diversification. According to its structure, QSIs can be divided into furanone, lactone, substituted Homoserine Lactone (HSL), and Autoinducing Peptide (AIP), further divided into natural products and synthetic products. Natural QSIs primarily originate from animal, plant, and microbial sources. Thereby, QSIs play an important role in plant pathogen control. In order to systematically summarize and extend the application potential of natural product as vital antibacterial active constituent, the mechanisms and applications of natural product-based QSIs in plant pathogen control were discussed and highlighted. We hope this review will provide the comprehensive understanding of the function and underlying action mechanism of natural product-based antimicrobial molecule, and inspire the development of new bactericides targeting QS mechanisms.

为了快速、准确检测市售橄榄油中非法添加的脂溶性色素，建立了一种测定橄榄油中铜-焦脱镁素a的高效液相色谱串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）。使用SPE柱对样品进行净化前处理，随后通过HPLC-MS/MS进行定性和定量检测，色谱分析采用C8色谱柱，以甲醇-1 mol/L乙酸铵水溶液（体积比8∶ 2）和甲醇-丙酮(体积比6∶ 4)作为流动相，进行梯度洗脱；质谱分析采用大气压化学电离，负离子扫描模式，多重反应监测模式，电子倍增电压600 V，碎裂电压260 V，用外标法进行定量。经过方法学验证，该方法的检出限和定量限分别为12 μg/kg和64 μg/kg，回收率为910%~106.0%，相对标准偏差为3.9%~5.7%。该方法具有较高的灵敏度和精密度，能够准确、快速地检测市售橄榄油中的铜-焦脱镁素a。An analytical method for determining copper pyropheophytin-a in olive oil utilizing high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was established to accurately and quickly detect illegally added liposoluble pigments in commercial olive oil. Purification of the sample was performed using a SPE column for pre-treatment, followed by qualitative and quantitative detection using HPLC-MS/MS. The Chromatographic analysis was carried out on C8 column, with methanol-1 mol/L aqueous solution of ammonium acetate (volume ratio 8∶ 2) and methanol-acetone (volume ratio 6∶ 4) as mobile phases for gradient elution. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization at negative ion mode and multi reaction monitoring scanning were used for mass spectrometry analysis under the conditions of electronic multiplication voltage 600 V and fragmentation voltage 260 V, and the analyte was quantified by external standard method. The results of the methodological validation showed that this method exhibited a limit of detection of 12 μg/kg and a limit of quantification of 64 μg/kg, with spiked recovery rates ranging from 91.0% to 106.0%, with relative standard deviations varying from 3.9% to 5.7%. This method had advantages of high sensitivity and precision, and can detect of copper pyropheophytin-a in olive oil rapidly.

Abstract Background The National Chest Pain Center Program (NCPCP) is a nationwide, quality enhancement program aimed at raising the standard of care for patients experiencing acute chest pain in China. The benefits of chest pain center (CPC) accreditation on acute coronary syndrome have been demonstrated. However, there is no evidence to indicate whether CPC accreditation improves outcomes for patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients with AAD from 1671 hospitals in China, using data from the NCPCP spanning the period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2022. The patients were divided into 2 groups: pre-accreditation and post-accreditation admissions. The outcomes examined included in-hospital mortality, misdiagnosis, and Stanford type A AAD surgery. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to explore the relationship between CPC accreditation and in-hospital outcomes. Furthermore, we stratified the hospitals based on their geographical location (Eastern/Central/Western regions) or administrative status (provincial/non-provincial capital areas) to assess the impact of CPC accreditation on AAD patients across various regions. Results The analysis encompassed a total of 40,848 patients diagnosed with AAD. The post-accreditation group exhibited significantly lower rates of in-hospital mortality and misdiagnosis (12.1% vs. 16.3%, P

Salicylic acid (SA) is widely used in food storage, preservatives, additives, healthcare, and the pharmaceutical industry. However, various poisoning symptoms are frequently reported upon ingestion of a large amount of SA. Therefore, discovering new tools for sensing SA with fast, simple, and portable performance is imperative. Herein, five rhodamine-based fluorescent sensors were constructed, and investigated their SA detection profiles. Probe 1 was excellent selective with a rapid response, highly sensitive (LOD = 2.5 μM), good interference resistance, and unaided eye recognition. The spray experiment and paper-based test strips indicating that probe 1 enables to the on-site and quantitatively detect SA on actual food surfaces by using a smartphone identifying the RGB values. The sensing performance was validated in soil samples, water, and various agricultural food samples. Overall, the constructed SA sensor can function as a promising, convenient, and affordable tool for point-of-care detection of SA in diversiform environmental samples.

This study aims to explore the Muslim-friendly attributes in non-Muslim countries, such as Taiwan, from the perspective of Muslim travelers while deciding whether to visit a non-Muslim destination. The total number of respondents was 233 Muslim travelers who had decided to visit Taiwan. This study employed Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) second-order analysis to examine the hypotheses of Muslim-friendly attributes on cognitive and affective destination image, religiosity, and decision to visit. The result finds that Muslim-friendly tourism significantly impacts cognitive and affective destination image. Meanwhile, the Muslim-friendly tourism attribute is insignificant in the decision to visit. This study contributes to the Muslim-friendly tourism literature in non-Muslim countries from the perspective of the most-Muslim traveler population country by developing a construct for Muslim tourism destinations regarding the religiosity component. For practical contribution, this study gives insight for traveler agencies, tourism marketers, and stakeholders collaborate to provide Muslim-friendly tourism attributes in non-Muslim countries especially in Taiwan to increase the number of visitors from Muslim travelers.

Abstract 1D grain boundaries in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are ideal for investigating the collective electron behavior in confined systems. However, clear identification of atomic structures at the grain boundaries, as well as precise characterization of the electronic ground states, have largely been elusive. Here, direct evidence for the confined electronic states and the charge density modulations at mirror twin boundaries (MTBs) of monolayer NbSe2, a representative charge‐density‐wave (CDW) metal, is provided. The scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements, accompanied by the first‐principles calculations, reveal that there are two types of MTBs in monolayer NbSe2, both of which exhibit band bending effect and 1D boundary states. Moreover, the intrinsic CDW signatures of monolayer NbSe2 are dramatically suppressed as approaching an isolated MTB but can be either enhanced or suppressed in the MTB‐constituted confined wedges. Such a phenomenon can be well explained by the MTB‐CDW interference interactions. The results reveal the underlying physics of the confined electrons at MTBs of CDW metals, paving the way for the grain boundary engineering of the functionality.

Grain of high yield and quality is needed worldwide due to the needs of a rapidly increasing human population. However, diseases caused by some stubborn types of phytopathogenic bacteria can limit the health and yields of crops. Even worse, conventional commercial bactericides have limited efficacy against such diseases. Therefore, exploring some efficacious bactericidal alternatives is urgently needed. In this work, a new type of 3-(piperazin-1-yl)propan-2-ol modified carbazole derivatives was synthesized and assessed for their bactericidal activity. Among them, compound B16 was the optimal active molecule, giving the EC50 values of 3.11 (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae), 3.20 (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri) and 3.54 μg/mL (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae). Pot experiments revealed compound B16 to be able to control rice bacterial leaf blight. Some biochemical assays illustrated that our designed compounds could destroy the integrality of bacterial cell membranes and thereby leading to leaking the intracellular protein. These findings may be regard as a reference for the design of novel membrane-targeting antimicrobial agents for managing stubborn plant bacterial diseases.

Natural products have long been a crucial source of, or provided inspiration for new agrochemical discovery. Naturally occurring 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid shows broad-spectrum bioactivities and is a potential skeleton for novel drug discovery. To extend the utility of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid for agricultural uses, a series of novel 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid amide derivatives were prepared and evaluated for their antibacterial potency. Notably, compound 5k showed good antibacterial activity in vitro against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo, EC50=3.64 mg L–1), and excellent protective activity (54.68%) against Xoo in vivo. Compound 5k induced excessive production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the tested pathogens, resulting in damaging the bacterial cell envelope. More interestingly, compound 5k could increase the activities of plant defense enzymes including catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase. Taken together, these enjoyable results suggested that designed compounds derived from 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid showed potential for controlling intractable plant bacterial diseases by disturbing the balance of the phytopathogen’s redox system and activating the plant defense system.

Purpose – This study aims to explore the perception of local society regarding the government’s hosting of a large-sport event such as the MotoGP in Indonesia, using social exchange theory such as economic, social, cultural, and environmental aspects to support tourism development and destination image. Design/methodology – This study provides the locals’ perception of the large-sport events of MotoGP Indonesia in 2022 using a quantitative approach through Structural Equation ModelPartial Least Square (SEM-PLS). Findings – The results indicate that economic, social, and cultural perceptions significantly support tourism development and destination image in Indonesia. However, environmental perceptions were not significant and did not support the hypothesis that they support tourism development. Therefore, it can be concluded that this significant event can contribute to the development of tourism and destination image in Indonesia. Originality of the research – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the mega sporting event and tourism destination using multiple indicators, such as economic, social, cultural, and environmental. In addition, this is the first study to examine the host perception of the MotoGP mega sporting event in Indonesia.

Conventional fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) based on time-correlated single photon counting has great potential in various domains, notably in cellular biology, enabling comprehensive studies encompassing spatiotemporal dynamics and quantitative analysis of fluorescence lifetimes. However, it usually requires a long acquisition time, which limits its application in rapid imaging scenarios, such as investigation of rapidly evolving biological events and observation of living organisms. This work proposes a rapid fluorescence lifetime imaging scheme, which reduces the requirement of photon accumulating number and enables rapid fluorescence lifetime estimation under photon-limited conditions. Instead of relying on accumulated photons, the proposed scheme records the counts of emitted laser pulses upon photon counting events within different time gates to estimate the fluorescence intensity, and the fluorescence lifetime is then calculated using the rapid lifetime determination algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that in order to reconstruct fluorescence lifetime images with similar quality, the proposed scheme requires only a fifth acquisition time that of the conventional time-correlated single photon counting FLIM. The proposed method offers a potential possible approach for rapid fluorescence lifetime determination in dynamic applications.

The COVID-19 outbreak has altered how visitors live, including in the tourism sector. The current study investigates tourist behavior in virtual tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic using the framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and behavior intention. The study included 217 people who utilized virtual tourism for tourists’ during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data are analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). According to the findings, the TPB framework, such as attitude toward virtual tourism, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control, have a favorable and substantial influence on satisfaction. Satisfaction with virtual tourism significantly influences attitude change and willingness to visit the actual tourist destination. The study’s implications relate to marketers and stakeholders to provide virtual tourism as a promotion tool of a destination in Indonesia for tourists during the pandemic or crises.

The increasing resistance problems of pathogens have drastically reduced the efficiency of existing drugs and agricultural chemicals, increasing the difficulty of preventing and controlling bacterial diseases. To create effective bactericide alternatives, a series of novel 3-(piperazin-1-yl)propan-2-ol decorated carbazole derivatives was fabricated, and their bioactivities and drug-likeness properties were evaluated. The in vitro bioassays showed that target molecules had outstanding antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), with optimal EC50 values of 6.80 μg/mL (A9), 6.37 μg/mL (A9), and 10.75 μg/mL (A10), respectively. Furthermore, a series of biochemical assays indicated that title molecules could negatively impact the function of bacteria by irreversibly damaging their cell membranes, resulting in cytoplasmic components leakage (nucleic acids and proteins). In addition, phytotoxicity test and in silico toxicity predictions suggested that compound A9 had low phytotoxicity, and possessed acceptable drug-like properties. Our results showed that carbazole derivatives containing an 3-(piperazin-1-yl)propan-2-ol moiety were promising skeletons to develop novel bactericides with low toxicity for controlling refractory microbial diseases by targeting cell membranes.

The study aims to explore and review the scientific documents published in the pandemic covid-19 and tourism sector. The bibliometric analysis was used to collect and analyze scientific documents in the Web of Science database. The analysis used the R program to get information and map the main idea related to contributors in different objects, including the authors, institution, country and publication source, thematic mapping of the paper in covid-19 and tourism sector. The finding discovers 791 scientific documents and 320 sources. The finding emphasizes that the research topic in pandemic covid-19 and tourism sector is generally given information and benefit.

Renewable energy generation, as part of the global effort to mitigate climate change, will play a central role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving China's goal of carbon emissions peak before 2030 and carbon neutral before 2060. However, the impact of carbon quota auctions on renewable energy generation has not been sufficiently discussed. The main purpose of this study is to investigate whether China can rely on quota auctions to increase renewable energy generation in the short term, and to demonstrate which is more effective in promoting renewable energy development, policy enforcement or auction constraints? The improved neo-trans-log production model, the multi-objective linear programming model and the dispatch heuristic were used to predict additional emission reduction cost, optimized power mix with different auctioning rates, with economic development, technological progress and the unique characteristics of China's power generation industry being taken into consideration. The results show that the auctioning rate will have little influence on the optimized energy production structure, especially on the share of renewable energy resources; when the total on-grid electricity generation ranges from 7625 to 7926 billion kW h and the auctioning rate ranges from 0% to 5%, policy enforcement will influence the generation of renewable energy to a greater extent than auctioning in the near future.

Abstract Background Germinal vesicle (GV) chromatin configurations of oocytes are proposed to be related to oocyte competence and may reflect the quality of oocyte. Currently, a limited number of published studies investigated the GV chromatin configurations of guinea pig oocytes. Objective In this study on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of guinea pig oocytes, we examined the changes in their GV chromatin configurations during meiotic progression. Methods Based on the degree of chromatin compaction, the GV chromatin configurations of guinea pig oocytes could be divided into three categories depending on whether the nucleolus‐like body (NLB) was surrounded or partly surrounded by compacted chromatin, namely the uncondensed (NSN), the intermediate type (SN‐1) and the compacted type (SN‐2). Results The percentage of cells displaying the SN‐2 configuration increased with the growth of guinea pig oocytes, suggesting that this configuration presents the potential for maturation in oocytes. Oocytes derived from larger follicle exhibited increased meiotic potential. Serum starvation affected the GV chromatin configurations of guinea pig oocytes. Conclusions Collectively, these results suggest that the SN‐2 type might be a more mature form of configuration in guinea pig oocyte, whose proportion was associated with the follicle size and susceptible to the environment (e.g. serum concentration).

The pandemic Covid-19 has been changing tourist behavior to visit a tourism destination. This study aims to investigate tourist’ visit intention after Covid-19 pandemic period in Indonesia by addressing the Covid-19 phenomenon, health consciousness and theory planned behavior framework. To answer hypotheses in this study, Confirmatory Factor Analysis-Structure Equation Model is used with quantitative approach. The research model is examined by SEM-PLS, using SmartPLS-3 software to analyze research framework. The results show that Covid-19 perception had not significantly impacted attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and intention. However, the perception of Covid-19 has a significant impact on non-pharmaceutical intervention, which in turn delivers a significant impact on attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control and visit intention. The hypothesis presumes that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control all have significant impact on intention to visit. In contrast, variable of health consciousness works less impact on intention to visit. This study makes significant contribution to the tourism literature by considering health issue and tourist visit behavior after Covid-19 period in Indonesia. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SPER-15 Full Text: PDF

Introduction:Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extract (GBLE) has been reported to be effective for alleviating cognitive and memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Nevertheless, the potential mechanism remains unclear. Herein, this study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects of GBLE on AD and elaborate the underlying therapeutic mechanism.Methods: Donepezil, the most widely prescribed drug for AD, was used as a positive control. An integrated metabolomics and lipidomics approach was adopted to characterize plasma metabolic phenotype of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice and describe the metabolomic and lipidomic fingerprint changes after GBLE intervention. The Morris water maze test and immunohistochemistry were applied to evaluate the efficacy of GBLE.Results: As a result, administration of GBLE significantly improved the cognitive function and alleviated amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition in APP/PS1 mice, showing similar effects to donepezil. Significant alterations were observed in metabolic signatures of APP/PS1 mice compared with wild type (WT) mice by metabolomic analysis. A total of 60 markedly altered differential metabolites were identified, including 28 lipid and lipid-like molecules, 13 organic acids and derivatives, 11 organic nitrogen compounds, and 8 other compounds, indicative of significant changes in lipid metabolism of AD. Further lipidomic profiling showed that the differential expressed lipid metabolites between APP/PS1 and WT mice mainly consisted of phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines, triglycerides, and ceramides. Taking together all the data, the plasma metabolic signature of APP/PS1 mice was primarily characterized by disrupted sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Most of the disordered metabolites were ameliorated after GBLE treatment, 19 metabolites and 24 lipids of which were significantly reversely regulated (adjusted-p

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among physical education teachers' psychological capital, work stress, and creative teaching at junior and senior high school levels. The questionnaire was distributed to 58 schools in Taiwan and research sample were junior and senior high school physical education teachers. 395 questionnaires were distributed, 369 questionnaires were valid for statistical analysis. Hierarchical regression was used to test the impact of teachers' psychological capital on their work stress and creative teaching. The findings showed that while self-efficacy, hope, and optimism of psychological capital significantly influenced teachers' creative teaching positively, personal interaction and professional knowledge of work stress express negative impacts. In addition, it was found that teachers with higher personal interaction stress and higher professional knowledge stress had lower creative teaching. The study suggests to increase physical education teachers' psychological capital and enhance teachers' creative teaching and students' satisfaction.

This study aimed to establish a water-saving irrigation technique-based Smart Field Cultivation Server (SFCS) for paddy field irrigation by employing information and communication technologies. The development of SFCS considered the requirement on rice growth, pest development, and fieldwork management. The proposed SFCS is equipped with a solar power supply system and consisted of sensors including illumination, air temperature, air humidity, water level, soil moisture content, soil electronic conductivity, and soil temperature. Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is used for data transmission due to the data size and transmitting frequency. A smartphone-based application (APP) has been developed for users to monitor field environment by tabular, dashboard panel, and whisker chart box, provides multiple data display ways for different purposes. Moreover, a proposal for a water-saving irrigation technique named system of probiotics rice intensification (SPRI) has been integrated into the APP. With the developed APP, farmers will receive fieldwork reminders by calendar day that water-saving irrigation may be possibly implemented. The SFCS is not only shown ability on the field monitoring but also links the gap between the fieldwork application and modern technology.

Defocus detection technology is the key technology in the fields of laser direct writing, optical disc storage, and high-precision lithography, which directly affects the accuracy of line drawing. In this paper, using the principle of astigmatic method, combined with differential technology, a nano-level defocus detection method based on differential astigmatism for the high numerical aperture systems is proposed. Firstly, by establishing a mathematical model, the theoretical analysis and simulation of the defocus detection method based on differential astigmatism are carried out. In addition, the system parameters at the maximum sensitivity of the high numerical aperture defocus detection system is also solved. Secondly, the defocus detection experimental system based on astigmatic method was built for experimental demonstration. Finally, using the objective lens with a numerical aperture of 0.8, the focus error signal curve with a good linear relationship is obtained in this paper. The linear range is 6μm; the system sensitivity can reach 5 nm; the system detection accuracy is 30 nm, and the repeat positioning accuracy can reach 30 nm. The defocus detection method based on the high numerical aperture objective lens has the advantages of large detection range, high detection accuracy and compact system structure, which can be widely used in various new high-precision laser processing fields.

Abstract MicroRNA-125b, the first microRNA to be identified, is known to promote cardiomyocyte maturation from embryonic stem cells; however, its physiological role remains unclear. To investigate the role of miR-125b in cardiovascular biology, cardiac-specific miR-125b-1 knockout mice were generated. We found that cardiac-specific miR-125b-1 knockout mice displayed half the miR-125b expression of control mice resulting in a 60% perinatal death rate. However, the surviving mice developed hearts with cardiac hypertrophy. The cardiomyocytes in both neonatal and adult mice displayed abnormal mitochondrial morphology. In the deficient neonatal hearts, there was an increase in mitochondrial DNA, but total ATP production was reduced. In addition, both the respiratory complex proteins in mitochondria and mitochondrial transcription machinery were impaired. Mechanistically, using transcriptome and proteome analysis, we found that many proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism were significantly downregulated in miR-125b knockout mice which resulted in reduced fatty acid metabolism. Importantly, many of these proteins are expressed in the mitochondria. We conclude that miR-125b deficiency causes a high mortality rate in neonates and cardiac hypertrophy in adult mice. The dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism may be responsible for the cardiac defect in the miR-125b deficient mice.

Here, the authors develop a one-step, contamination-free, Au-assisted mechanical exfoliation method for 2D materials, and isolate 40 types of single-crystalline monolayers, including elemental 2D crystals, metal-dichalcogenides, magnets and superconductors with millimetre size.

Objective To optimize the operative process of parathyroidectomy (PTX) for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Methods Four approaches including tracing/imaging, dissection, exploration, and resection were integrated into Tider process. Nano-carbon particles were used to inject into thyroid glands for imaging and separation of cervical tissue was performed with specific vision of anatomic landmarks. Parathyroid glands were thoroughly revealed by standard exploration using inspection and palpation. Resection of parathyroids should involve the surrounding tissue as more as possible. This Tider process was used into PTX for 25 patients with SHPT in Tider group since March 2018. Thirty-four patients with SHPT without use of Tider process were in control group from March 2015 to December 2018. Outcomes including operative time, operative success rate and PTH at the postoperative first day were compared between Tider group and control group. Results Total PTX and total PTX with auto-transplantation in Tider group were all done successfully in 22 cases and 3 cases, respectively. A total of 101 parathyroid were resected with maximum diameter (1.56±0.63) cm of left superior gland, (1.66±0.53) cm of left inferior gland, (1.51±0.56) cm of right superior gland, and (1.72±0.76) cm of right inferior gland. Operative time ranged from 60 to 150 min with less time [(82.8±9.5) min] in Tider group than that [(98.5±20.4) min] in control group significantly (P=0.001). No operative complications such as bleeding, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and severe hypocalcemia were found in both groups except one case died due to suffocation after tracheal extubation in control group. PTH in Tider group was (22.9±10.3) ng/L (

An optimal design problem for estimating the design parameters of a delta winglet vortex generator (VG), i.e., its position, attack angle and perforated radius, was investigated in this work to improve the heat dissipation performance of a pin-fin heat sink with CFD-ACE + code and the Levenberg-Marquardt Method (LMM). The role of VGs is to restructure the flow pattern of the inlet air and thus to enhance cooling. Three inlet air velocities with Reynolds numbers Re = 10000, 15000 and 20000 were considered, and the optimization algorithm with LMM was chosen to determine the optimal variables of the VGs to yield the minimum bottom average temperature of the heat sink. Results revealed that the gap between the VG and the heat sink (i.e., position), attack angle and the perforated radius of the VG all became larger as Re increased to improve the cooling performance of the heat sink. In addition, the pressure drop of the heat sink can be significantly reduced due to the perforation of the VGs; as a result, the thermal performance factor of the heat sink is significantly improved. Finally, the designed optimal VGs were installed on a heat sink, and experimental verifications were conducted. The results indicated that the measured temperatures on the bottom plate of the heat sink are similar to the computed temperatures. In addition, the bottom temperatures of the heat sink using the designed optimal VGs are always lower than those using the original design VGs for various Re, which indicates that the heat dissipation performance of the heat sink using optimal VGs is enhanced.

Recently, information, communication, and technologies (ICTs) and the tourism sector have gained attention from researchers and practitioners. Thus, we examined the trends in using ICTs in the tourism sector using a scientific document approach based on bibliometric analysis. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 102 selected papers from the Scopus database from 2000 to 2021. The results revealed that the most discussed keywords in the papers were ICT and destination management organization, smart tourism destination, and smart city. Co-occurrence analysis was performed to analyze the trending topic in ICTs, tourism, and hospitality used by academics, while authorship network collaboration examined the partnership between different countries around the world. Statistics such as the number of documents per country, number of citations related to each country, ICT practice studies, and research methods were also discussed in this study. Limitations and implications were also indicated to provide deeper insights to researchers and their future research in terms of ICTs, tourism, and hospitality.

Abstract Two‐dimensional (2D) materials are highly sensitive to substrates, interfaces, and the surrounding environments. Suspended 2D materials are free from substrate‐induced effects, thus an ideal approach to study their intrinsic properties. However, it is very challenging to prepare large‐area suspended 2D materials with high efficiency. Here we report a universal method, based on pretreatments of densely patterned hole array substrates with either oxygen‐plasma or gold film deposition, to prepare large‐area suspended mono‐ and few‐layer 2D materials. Multiple structural, optical, and electrical characterization tools were used to fully evaluate the improved performance of various suspended 2D layers. Some of these observations reported in this study are: (1) Observation of a new Raman low frequency mode for the suspended MoS2; (2) Significantly stronger photoluminescence (PL) and second harmonic generation (SHG) signals of suspended WSe2, which enables the study of new optical transition processes; (3) The low energy electron diffraction pattern on suspended MoS2 also exhibits much sharper spots than that on the supported area; and (4) The mobility of suspended graphene device approaches 300 000 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is desirable to explore the intrinsic properties of graphene. This work provides an innovative and efficient route for fabricating suspended 2D materials, and we expect that it can be broadly used for studying intrinsic properties of 2D materials and in applications of hybrid active nanophotonic and electronic devices.

ObjectiveTo explore metabolic biomarkers related to erosive and reticulated oral lichen planus (OLP) by non-targeted metabolomics methods and correlate metabolites with gene expression, and to investigate the pathological network pathways of OLP from the perspective of metabolism.MethodsA total of 153 individuals were enrolled in this study, including 50 patients with erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP), 51 patients with reticulated oral lichen planus (ROLP), and 52 healthy controls (HC). The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was used to analyze the metabolites of 40 EOLP, 40 ROLP, and 40 HC samples, and the differential metabolic biomarkers were screened and identified. The regulatory genes were further screened through the shared metabolites between EOLP and ROLP, and cross-correlated with the OLP-related differential genes in the network database. A “gene-metabolite” network was constructed after finding the key differential genes. Finally, the diagnostic efficiency of the biomarkers was verified in the validation set and a diagnostic model was constructed.ResultCompared with HC group, a total of 19 and 25 differential metabolites were identified in the EOLP group and the ROLP group, respectively. A total of 14 different metabolites were identified between EOLP and ROLP. Two diagnostic models were constructed based on these differential metabolites. There are 14 differential metabolites shared by EOLP and ROLP. The transcriptomics data showed 756 differentially expressed genes, and the final crossover network showed that 19 differential genes were associated with 12 metabolites. Enrichment analysis showed that alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were closely associated with the pathogenesis of OLP.ConclusionThe metabolic change of different types of OLP were clarified. The potential gene perturbation of OLP was provided. This study provided a strong support for further exploration of the pathogenic mechanism of OLP.

The Pandemic covid-19 spread globally has been given impact in the tourism industry, especially in the tourism destination. This study investigated to build the concept and theoretical framework that explains the decision of local tourist intention to visit a local destination in Indonesia post-pandemic covid-19. This study was considered the perception of Covid-19, non-pharmaceutical intervention and health consciousness by implying of Theory of Planned Behavior constructs. This study, health consciousness is the moderator variable to predict the decision of tourist to visit a destination. Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) was used to analyze the construct of study. The model found that the Theory of Planned Behavior was successfully broadened in making the decision of tourist to visit a destination post-covid-19 with considering non-pharmaceutical intervention and health consciousness. The results showed that generally the constructs of Theory Planned Behavior are significantly impacted in intention to visit a local destination in Indonesia, except Hypothesis of subjective norm and intention to visit was rejected. The variable health consciousness through intention to visit also was rejected. The framework also used moderating variable health consciousness between subjective norm and intention to visit was rejected. This study was given insight an issue of covid-19 in the tourism sector, and the implication was providing government, stakeholders, tourism marketers and policy-making with considering non-pharmaceutical and health consciousness during and post-pandemic covid-19.

Plant microbial diseases caused global production constraints have become one of the most challenging events, thus urgently needing to be addressed nowadays. To efficiently promote the discovery of promising antimicrobial surrogates, a type of 1,3,4-oxadiazole thioethers owning naturally bioactive thiazolium patterns was designed and fabricated. Antibacterial screening results revealed that title compounds could significantly inhibit the growth of pathogens Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. And the related antibacterial efficacy was elevated by approximately 386-, 16-, and 24-folds comparing those of mainly used commercial agents bismerthiazol and thiodiazole copper. In vivo experiment suggested that A9 could manage rice bacterial blight with the corresponding curative and protection efficiencies of 48.01% and 50.55% at 200 μg/mL. Moreover, SEM patterns and fluorescence spectra were performed to explore the possible antibacterial mechanism. Preliminary antifungal bioassays revealed that these molecules paraded broad-spectrum inhibition effects against three tested fungal strains. Considering the simple molecular skeleton and significant biological actions, title compounds can be further explored as potential antimicrobial surrogates for managing plant bacterial and fungal diseases. Keywords: Thiazolium, 1,3,4-Oxadiazole, In vitro and in vivo bioassays, Antimicrobial

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening disease, often leading to heart failure. Defining therapeutic targets at an early time point is important to prevent heart failure. Methods: MicroRNA screening was performed at early time points after MI using paired samples isolated from the infarcted and remote myocardium of pigs. We also examined the microRNA expression in plasma of MI patients and pigs. For mechanistic studies, AAV9-mediated microRNA knockdown and overexpression were administrated in mice undergoing MI. Findings: MicroRNAs let-7a and let-7f were significantly downregulated in the infarct area within 24 h post-MI in pigs. We also observed a reduction of let-7a and let-7f in plasma of MI patients and pigs. Inhibition of let-7 exacerbated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, induced a cardiac hypertrophic phenotype, and resulted in worsened left ventricular ejection fraction. In contrast, ectopic let-7 overexpression significantly reduced those phenotypes and improved heart function. We then identified TGFBR3 as a target of let-7, and found that induction of Tgfbr3 in cardiomyocytes caused apoptosis, likely through p38 MAPK activation. Finally, we showed that the plasma TGFBR3 level was elevated after MI in plasma of MI patients and pigs. Interpretation: Together, we conclude that the let-7-Tgfbr3-p38 MAPK signalling plays an important role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI. Furthermore, microRNA let-7 and Tgfbr3 may serve as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for myocardial damage. Fund: Ministry of Science and Technology, National Health Research Institutes, Academia Sinica Program for Translational Innovation of Biopharmaceutical Development-Technology Supporting Platform Axis, Thematic Research Program and the Summit Research Program, Taiwan. Keywords: MicroRNA let-7, TGFBR3, Gene therapy, Biomarkers

The river cross-section elevation data are an essential parameter for river engineering. However, due to the difficulty of mountainous river cross-section surveys, the existing bathymetry investigation techniques cannot be easily applied in a narrow and shallow field. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a model suitable for mountainous river areas utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a multispectral camera and machine learning-based gene-expression programming (GEP) algorithm. The obtained images were combined with a total of 171 water depth measurements (0.01–1.53 m) for bathymetry modeling. The results show that the coefficient of determination (R2) of GEP is 0.801, the mean absolute error (MAE) is 0.154 m, and root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.195 m. The model performance of GEP model has increased by 16.3% in MAE, compared to conventional simple linear regression (REG) algorithm, and also has a lower bathymetry retrieval error both in shallow (0.8 m). The GEP bathymetry retrieval model has a considerable degree of accuracy and could be applied to shallow rivers or near-shore areas under similar conditions of this study.

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated chronic inflammatory disorder and precancerous oral lesion with high incidence. The current diagnostic method of OLP is very limited and metabolomics may provide a new approach for quantitative evaluation.Methods: The Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole/Orbitrap High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was applied to analyze the change of metabolites in serum of patients with OLP. A total of 115 OLP patients and 124 healthy controls were assigned to either a training set (n = 160) or a test set (n = 79). The potential biomarkers and the change of serum metabolites were profiled and evaluated by multivariate analysis.Results: Totally, 23 differential metabolites were identified in the training set between OLP group and healthy group. Three prominent metabolites in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were selected as a panel to distinguish OLP or healthy individuals in the test set, and the diagnostic accuracy was 86.1%.Conclusions: This study established a new method for the early detection of OLP by analyzing serum metabolomics using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, which will help in understanding the pathological processes of OLP and identifying precancerous lesions in oral cavity.

Active DNA demethylation is an important epigenetic process that plays a key role in maintaining normal gene expression. In plants, active DNA demethylation is mediated by DNA demethylases, including ROS1, DME, DML2, and DML3. In this study, the available bisulfite sequencing and mRNA sequencing data from ros1 and rdd mutants were analyzed to reveal how the active DNA demethylation process shapes the DNA methylation patterns of Arabidopsis nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes, a class of important plant disease resistance genes. We demonstrate that the CG methylation levels of three NLR genes (AT5G49140, AT5G35450, and AT5G36930) are increased in the ros1 mutants relative to the wild-type plants, whereas the CG methylation level of AT2G17050 is decreased. We also observed increased CG methylation levels of AT4G11170 and AT5G47260 and decreased CG methylation levels of AT5G38350 in rdd mutants. We further found that the expression of three NLR genes (AT1G12280, AT1G61180, and AT4G19520) was activated in both ros1 and rdd mutants, whereas the expression of another three NLR genes (AT1G58602, AT1G59620, and AT1G62630) was repressed in these two mutants. Quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction detection showed that the expression levels of AT1G58602.1, AT4G19520.3, AT4G19520.4, and AT4G19520.5 were decreased in the ros1 mutant; AT3G50950.1 and AT3G50950.2 in the rdd mutant were also decreased in expression compared to Col-0, whereas AT1G57630.1, AT1G58602.2, and AT5G45510.1 were upregulated in the rdd mutant relative to Col-0. These results indicate that some NLR genes are regulated by DNA demethylases. Our study demonstrates that each DNA demethylase (ROS1, DML2, and DML3) exerts a specific effect on the DNA methylation of the NLR genes, and active DNA demethylation is part of the regulation of DNA methylation and transcriptional activity of some Arabidopsis NLR genes.

The drug combination of biapenem (BIPM) and xuebijing injection (XBJ) is commonly applied for the treatment of sepsis in China. However, the potential synergistic mechanism is still enigmatic. There have been no studies focused on the plasma metabolome alterations in sepsis after the intervention of this combination. In this work, an untargeted metabolomics approach was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate statistical analysis to provide new insights into the synergistic effect of BIPM in combination with XBJ. We characterized the metabolic phenotype of sepsis and described metabolic footprint changes in septic rats responding to XBJ and BIPM individually and in combination, in addition to histopathological and survival evaluation. A total of 91 potential biomarkers of sepsis were identified and 32 disturbed metabolic pathways were constructed. Among these biomarkers, 36 metabolites were reversely regulated by XBJ, mainly including glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, free fatty acids (FFAs), bile acids and acylcarnitines; 42 metabolites were regulated by BIPM, mainly including amino acids, glycerophospholipids, and acylcarnitines; 72 metabolites were regulated after XBJ-BIPM combination treatment, including most of the 91 potential biomarkers. The results showed that the interaction between XBJ and BIPM indeed exhibited a synergistic effect by affecting some key endogenous metabolites, 15 metabolites of which could not be regulated when XBJ or BIPM was used alone. Compared with Model group, 13, 22, and 27 metabolic pathways were regulated by XBJ, BIPM, and XBJ-BIPM combination, respectively. It suggested that many more endogenous metabolites and metabolic pathways were significantly regulated after combination treatment compared with XBJ or BIPM monotherapy. Metabolisms of lipids, amino acids, acylcarnitines, and bile acids were common pathways involved in the synergistic action of XBJ and BIPM. This study was the first to employ metabolomics to elucidate the synergistic effect and decipher the underlying mechanisms of BIPM in combination with XBJ against sepsis. The results provide some support for clinical application of antibiotics in combination with traditional Chinese medicines and have important implications for the treatment of sepsis in clinic.

AIM: To compared the therapeutic effect of improved macular hole surgery to traditional macular hole surgery for idiopathic macular hole(IMH). METHODS: From April 2014 to June 2017, 28 eyes of 28 IMH patients who were treated in our hospital were selected consecutively and received surgical treatment independently performed by the same physician in our hospital. The patients were divided into A(traditional group)and B(improvement group)groups. All 13 cases in Group A were treated with traditional vitrectomy internal limiting membrane peeling and C3F8 tamponade, while all 15 cases in Group B were treated with improved indocyanine green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling combined with macular hole reconstruction and air tamponade. All patients were reviewed at 1wk, 1, 3, and 6mo after surgery. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)before and after the operation, operation time, closure rate of the macular hole during the last review and prone time were compared between the two groups of patients. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in closure rate between the two groups(P>0.05). Postoperative BCVA increased in both groups compared with preoperatively and the differences were statistically significant(PP>0.05). The operation time in Group B was significantly shorter than that in Group A(PPCONCLUSION: This study shows that compared with the traditional group, the improved indocyanine green-assisted peeling of internal limiting membrane combined with macular hole reconstruction and air tamponade can achieve similarly high closure rates while the operation procedure was simplified and the operation time was shortened. Reduced number of instruments into and out of the incision can reduce the incidence of complications. The postoperative patient's prone time is significantly shortened, with high comfort and good compliance.

Abstract Background Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)-induced renal tubular dysfunction and hypophosphatemic osteomalacia (HO) have been given great consideration in the past few years. However, no standard guidance is available due to a lack of powerful evidence from appropriate long-term prospective case-control studies and variations in the definition of renal adverse events. The aim of this study is to clarify clinical features of ADV-related HO in Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients with long-term ADV treatment in Chinese and non-Chinese comparative case series. Methods Retrieval of case reports was based on Pubmed, CNKI, Wan Fang and VIP databases using the key words adefovir dipivoxil, hypophosphatemia, osteomalacia and Fanconi syndrome. We divided patients into Chinese (C group) and Foreign (F group) groups according to their nationality. Comparisons involving demographics, clinical manifestations, tests, treatment and prognosis were conducted between the two groups. Results Of the patients screened, 120 Chinese patients were identified in the C group, and 32 non-Chinese patients were identified in the F group. The average age of the C group was younger than that of the F group (51.89 years ±10.96 years versus 56.47 years ±11.36 years, t = − 2.084, P = 0.039). No significant difference was found in gender (male to female, 3.29:1 versus 3:1, χ 2 = 0.039, P = 0.844). Although there was no significant difference in the duration of ADV therapy before ostalgia onset, the C group tended to develop adverse events earlier, by 2–3 years, while the F group developed adverse events at 4–5 years (Z = − 1.517, P = 0.129). Prognosis was good after adjustment of the ADV dose and supplemental administration of phosphate and calcitriol. Time to resolution of tubular dysfunction was commenced at the first month, and Chinese patients were more prone to recover in the first 3 months than non-Chinese patients (91.3% of patients in the C group versus 56.3% in the F group, Z = − 3.013, P = 0.003). Conclusions Sufficient attention is required for middle-aged males before and during exposure to long-term ADV therapy, regardless of nationality. The clinical picture, laboratory and radiograph alterations are important clues for those patients and are usually characterized by polyarthralgia, renal tubular dysfunction and mineralization defects. Implementation of an early renal tubular injury index is recommended for patients with higher risk, which would prevent further renal injury.