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AIM:To test and compare the perceptual eye position and fixation stability of adolescents with emmetropia and adolescents with low myopia, investigating the characteristics of the perceptual eye position and fixation stability of adolescents with low myopia.METHODS: Cross-sectional study. A total of 132 adolescents(264 eyes)who visited in the ophthalmology clinic of our hospital from April to December 2023 were randomly selected as the research subjects. Participants were categorized into normal control group(n=45, 90 eyes), simple low myopia group(n=45, 90 eyes)and low myopia with anisometropia group(n=42, 84 eyes)according to their refractive status and were underwent assessments for perceptual eye position and fixation stability.RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the static and dynamic horizontal perceptual eye position deviation of the simple low myopia group and the low myopia with anisometropia group were significantly increased(P0.05); compared with the normal control group, the horizontal and vertical fixation stability of the simple low myopia group and the low myopia with anisometropia group were significantly worse(all P0.05).CONCLUSION: Abnormalities are observed in perceptual eye position and fixation stability function in adolescents with low myopia compared with those adolescents with emmetropia, even at best corrected visual acuity. The occurrence of anisometropia could lead to an increased degree of horizontal perceptual eye position displacement.

In order to elucidate the effect of protein oxidation on physicochemical properties and protein structure of yak longissimus dorsi muscle, muscle samples were treated in a Fenton oxidation system (H2O2 concentrations of 1, 10, 20, 40 and 60 mmol/L) containing 0.6 mol/L NaCl at pH 5.0 or 8.0 for 1 h. The results showed that with the increase of H2O2 concentration, the carbonyl content, surface hydrophobicity and dityrosine content of yak myofibrillar proteins increased, while the contents of total sulfhydryl and active sulfhydryl, solubility, and tryptophan fluorescence intensity decreased. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis showed that the numbers of myosin heavy chain and actin bands decreased after protein oxidation, and covalent cross-linking occurred between protein molecules via disulfide bonds, which was accompanied by an increase in the centrifugal and cooking loss of muscle. The transverse relaxation time (T2) of muscle was measured by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and the microstructure of muscle was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the increase in the centrifugal loss and cooking loss of muscle was due to the destruction of muscle microstructure caused by protein oxidation as well as the decrease in unbound water content and the increase in free water content. Muscle centrifugal loss, cooking loss, free water content and the degree of damage of muscle microstructure at pH 8.0 were lower than those at pH 5.0. The results showed that under the same oxidation condition, yak muscle proteins are more prone to oxidative damage and lower water-holding capacity near the isoelectric point.

Zr-Y modified silicide coating was deposited on TC4 alloy by the pack cementation process. The microstructure， friction and wear performance， and wear mechanisms of the coating were investigated. The results show that the Zr-Y modified silicide coating has a multi-layer structure， an outer layer consists of TiSi2 and a small amount of ZrSi2， a thin middle layer is TiSi， and an inner layer is a mixture of Ti5Si4 and Ti5Si3. The micro-hardness of the coating is much higher than that of the TC4 substrate and exhibits an obvious decrease tendency from the surface to the interior. The Zr-Y modified silicide coating possesses good anti-wear performance when wearing against GCr15 and Al2O3 balls at a high-temperature of 600 ℃. When wearing against GCr15， the wear rate of the coating is about 3.59×10-5 mm3/（N·m）， which is about 36.6% of that of the TC4 substrate， and the main wear mechanisms are characterized by the adhesive of GCr15 on the coating surface and oxidation wear. When wearing against the Al2O3 ball， the wear rate of the coating is about 9.75×10-5 mm3/（N·m）， which is about 18.9% of that of the TC4 substrate， and the wear mechanisms are fatigue wear， oxidation wear， and adhesion wear.

Not available.

IntroductionTo explore the impact of donors’ COVID-19 status on allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), we compared the transplant outcomes of 74 participants.MethodsThis multi-center retrospective study included nine participants receiving grafts from COVID-19 positive donors (CPD), 45 from COVID-19 experienced donors (CED), and 20 from COVID-19 naive donors (CND). We evaluated engraftment, complications, and survival rates among the three groups.ResultsAll apheresis procedures were successful with no significant differences in CD34+ cells or lymphocytes in grafts among the three groups. All patients achieved engraftment by day 30 post-HSCT. The incidence of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was 55.6%, 20%, and 10% in the CPD, CED, and CND groups, respectively (p = 0.024). Multivariate analysis indicated that COVID-19 positivity in donors at the time of apheresis was an independent risk factor for II-IV aGVHD (p = 0.020, OR = 12.159, 95% CI 1.783 -135.760). No differences were observed among the groups in terms of chronic GVHD, viral infection, or sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. The 6-month overall survival and disease-free survival rates were also similar among the three groups.DiscussionOur results suggest that the COVID-19-positive status of donors might not impact graft collection, engraftment, or short-term survival of allo-HSCT recipients but might increase the risk of aGVHD. Further research is needed to explore the influence of donors’ COVID-19 status on long-term complications and survival in allo-HSCT recipients.

BackgroundSteroid-resistant (SR) lower gastrointestinal (LGI) tract graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality from GVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The role of vedolizumab in the treatment of SR-LGI acute GVHD (aGVHD) remains uncertain. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab combined with basiliximab as second-line therapy for SR-LGI-aGVHD.MethodsThis study aimed to explore the efficacy of vedolizumab combined with basiliximab for SR-LGI-aGVHD. The primary endpoint was the overall response (OR) on day 28. Secondary and safety endpoints included durable OR at day 56, overall survival (OS), chronic GVHD (cGVHD), non-relapse mortality (NRM), failure-free survival (FFS), and adverse events.ResultsTwenty-eight patients with SR-LGI-aGVHD were included. The median time to start of combination therapy after SR-LGI-aGVHD diagnosis was 7 (range, 4–16) days. The overall response rate (ORR) at 28 days was 75.0% (95% CI: 54.8%–88.6%), and 18 achieved a complete response (CR) (64.3%, 95% CI: 44.1%–80.7%). The durable OR at day 56 was 64.3% (95% CI: 44.1%–80.7%). The 100-day, 6-month, and 12-month OS rates for the entire cohort of patients were 60.7% (95% CI: 45.1%–81.8%), 60.7% (95% CI: 45.1%–81.8%), and 47.6% (95% CI: 31.4%–72.1%), respectively. The median failure-free survival was 276 days; (95% CI: 50–not evaluable) 12-month NRM was 42.9% (95% CI: 24.1%–60.3%). The 1-year cumulative incidence of cGVHD was 35.7%. Within 180 days after study treatments, the most common grade 3 and 4 adverse events were infections. Nine (32.1%) patients developed cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation complicated with bacterial infections (25.0%, CMV infection; 7.1%, CMV viremia). Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) reactivation occurred in five patients (17.9%, 95% CI: 6.8%–37.6%). Only three patients (10.7%, 95% CI: 2.8%–29.4%) in our study developed pseudomembranous colitis.ConclusionsVedolizumab plus basiliximab demonstrated efficacy in severe SR-LGI-aGVHD and was well-tolerated. Vedolizumab plus basiliximab may be considered a potential treatment option for patients with LGI-aGVHD.

Abstract Background Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is an immune-related disorder that is the most common complication post-allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Corticosteroids with or without calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) remain the mainstay of cGVHD treatment for first-line therapy. However, for many patients, cGVHD symptoms cannot be effectively managed and thus require second-line therapy. Currently, there is no approved treatment for second-line cGVHD treatment in China. In this study, belumosudil, a highly selective and potent rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase-2 inhibitor demonstrated to be effective for cGVHD in the United States and other Western countries, is investigated in patients with cGVHD in China for its overall benefit–risk balance. Methods This multicenter, open-label phase II study evaluated the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of oral belumosudil 200 mg once daily in cGVHD patients who had been treated with at least one line of systemic therapy in China. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR); each individual patient’s response was assessed by the investigator using the 2014 National Institutes of Health consensus criteria. Secondary endpoints were duration of response (DOR), time to response (TTR), changes in Lee Symptom Scale (LSS) score, organ response rate, corticosteroid dose change, CNI dose change, failure-free survival, time-to-next-treatment, overall survival, and safety. Results Thirty patients were enrolled in the study with a median follow-up time of 12.9 months. ORR was 73.3% (95% confidence interval: 54.1–87.7%) and all responders achieved partial response. Median DOR among responders was not reached and median TTR was 4.3 weeks (range: 3.9–48.1). Fifteen patients (50.0%) achieved clinically meaningful response in terms of reduction in LSS score by ≥ 7 points from baseline. Corticosteroid and CNI dose reductions were reported in 56.7% (17/30) and 35.0% (7/20) of patients, respectively. Most treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild to moderate in severity, with 11 patients (36.7%) experiencing grade ≥ 3 TEAEs. The most common grade ≥ 3 TEAE was pneumonia (n = 5, 16.7%). Conclusions Belumosudil treatment demonstrated a favorable benefit–risk balance in treating cGVHD patients who previously have had standard corticosteroid therapy in China where approved second-line setting is absent. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04930562.

Abstract Background For patients with steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (SR-aGVHD), effective second-line regimens are urgently needed. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been used as salvage regimens for SR-aGVHD in the past. However, clinical trials and an overall understanding of the molecular mechanisms of MSCs combined with basiliximab for SR-aGVHD are limited, especially in haploidentical haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HID HSCT). Methods The primary endpoint of this multicentre, randomized, controlled trial was the 4-week complete response (CR) rate of SR-aGVHD. A total of 130 patients with SR-aGVHD were assigned in a 1:1 randomization schedule to the MSC group (receiving basiliximab plus MSCs) or control group (receiving basiliximab alone) (NCT04738981). Results Most enrolled patients (96.2%) received HID HSCT. The 4-week CR rate of SR-aGVHD in the MSC group was obviously better than that in the control group (83.1% vs. 55.4%, P = 0.001). However, for the overall response rates at week 4, the two groups were comparable. More patients in the control group used ≥ 6 doses of basiliximab (4.6% vs. 20%, P = 0.008). We collected blood samples from 19 consecutive patients and evaluated MSC-derived immunosuppressive cytokines, including HO1, GAL1, GAL9, TNFIA6, PGE2, PDL1, TGF-β and HGF. Compared to the levels before MSC infusion, the HO1 (P = 0.0072) and TGF-β (P = 0.0243) levels increased significantly 1 day after MSC infusion. At 7 days after MSC infusion, the levels of HO1, GAL1, TNFIA6 and TGF-β tended to increase; however, the differences were not statistically significant. Although the 52-week cumulative incidence of cGVHD in the MSC group was comparable to that in the control group, fewer patients in the MSC group developed cGVHD involving ≥3 organs (14.3% vs. 43.6%, P = 0.006). MSCs were well tolerated, no infusion-related adverse events (AEs) occurred and other AEs were also comparable between the two groups. However, patients with malignant haematological diseases in the MSC group had a higher 52-week disease-free survival rate than those in the control group (84.8% vs. 65.9%, P = 0.031). Conclusions For SR-aGVHD after allo-HSCT, especially HID HSCT, the combination of MSCs and basiliximab as the second-line therapy led to significantly better 4-week CR rates than basiliximab alone. The addition of MSCs not only did not increase toxicity but also provided a survival benefit.

Abstract Lignin is main composition of agricultural biomass which can be decomposed through enzymatic hydrolysis by fungi. However, there are still needs to identify more efficient and effective fungal stain for biomass valorization. In this study, lignin degrading fungi from birch forest were screened for sustainable degradation of waste agricultural straws. The most effective strain was identified as Cerrena unicolor GC.u01 using 18 S rDNA gene-sequencing technology. Three different crop straws (corn stalk, rice and wheat straws) were used for the biotreatment studies. The activities of lignin degrading enzymes, laccase (Lac), cellulase and xylanase, secreted by C. unicolor were also determined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) were further used to monitor the effects of the biotreatment process. The results showed that C. unicolor degraded 34.3% rice straw lignin, a percentage which was higher than other isolated strains after 15 d straw liquid fermentation. The highest Lac activity (8.396 U•mL− 1) was observed with corn stalk on the 7 d. Cellulase and xylanase activities, in the same biomass, were higher than those of wheat and rice straws after 15 d. Furthermore, SEM, FTIR and TGA analyses showed that C. unicolor pretreatment process had significant effects on corn stalk, rice and wheat straws’ structures. The newly isolated stain of C. unicolor demonstrated high lignin degradation potential that can provide effective, ecofriendly means of valorizing biomass to industrial useable raw-material.

Abstract Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is recognized for its genetic and clinical diversity. In this study, we identified a novel high‐risk subset of Ph‐like ALL, characterized by the activation of oncogenic signaling and the inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene IKZF1, resulting in a dismal outcome. The association between cytogenetic aberrations and clinical features was assessed on a cohort of 191 patients with Ph‐like ALL. Our findings revealed that patients with inactivation of IKZF1 combined with activation of oncogenic signaling (CRLF2/EPOR/JAK2 rearrangements or p‐CRKL/p‐STAT5 high expression) had the worst outcome (3‐year overall survival [OS] of 28.8% vs. 80.1% for others, p

Abstract Background The aim of this review was the creation of uniform protocols to carry out and disclose First-In-Human and preliminary clinical trials of biological mitral valve replacement. The need for consistent methodology in these early trials was highlighted by the observation of significant variability in the methods and protocols used across different research. Methods An extensive search through six major databases was carried out to retrieve First-In-Human (FIH) clinical studies evaluating surgically implanted bio-prostheses in the mitral position. Results Following the PRISMA guideline, a systematic search identified 2082 published articles until March 2023. After removing duplicates (189), 1862 citations were screened, resulting in 22 eligible studies with 3332 patients for analysis. The mitral valve prostheses in these studies ranged from 21 to 37 mm, with the 29 mm size being most prevalent. Patient numbers varied, with the FIH subgroup including 31 patients and the older subgroup including 163 patients. Average study durations differed: the older subgroup lasted 4.57 years, the FIH subgroup 2.85 years, and the early phase studies spanned 8.05 years on average. Conclusion FIH clinical report is essential to assess the significance of clinical data required for a “de novo” surgical implant. In addition, understanding the performance of the device, and recognizing the difficulties associated with the innovation constitute important lessons. These insights could be beneficial for the development of bioprosthetic heart valves and formulating a protocol for an FIH clinical trial.

This paper completes the overall design of a linguistic interactive terminology database based on the characteristics of second language acquisition and terminology and completes the construction of the terminology database by combining a goodness-of-fit detection algorithm based on terminology eigenvalue extraction. The efficiency of terminology information recognition is analyzed and compared with the terminology conversion rate of the eigenvalue goodness-offit algorithm using a neural network learning model of long and short-term memory to optimize the performance of the terminology database. The metric approach's classifier performance evaluation metrics are used to compare the accuracy and recall of the two algorithms accurately. The results show that the accuracy of the fitted superiority classifier with the application of word eigenvalue embedding compared to the LSTM classifier for the classification of electric power terms is improved by about 11% in all categories, and the average accuracy of the classifier exceeds 76.5%.

Abstract Sorafenib therapy improves overall survival (OS) in patients with FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We explored the efficacy of sorafenib therapy in this population with different concomitant genetic patterns. In this multi-center, cohort study, we enrolled patients with FLT3-ITD AML undergoing allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Patients with sorafenib maintenance post-transplantation for at least four weeks were allocated to the sorafenib group, and otherwise to the control group. Endpoints were OS, disease-free survival, and relapse for the whole cohort and OS for genetic pattern subgroups. Among 613 patients enrolled, 275 were in the sorafenib and 338 the control group. Median follow-up was 36.5 (interquartile range (IQR), 25.2–44.7) months post-transplantation. The 3-year OS post-transplantation was 79.6% (95% confidential interval (CI) 74.8%–84.6%) and 65.2% (95% CI 60.3%–70.6%) (Hazard ratio (HR) 0.50, 95% CI 0.37–0.69; P

Electrohydrodynamic-jet (E-jet) printing is an on-demand additive manufacturing method that allows various functional materials to be directly deposited on the target substrate. Many theoretical and experimental results indicate that E-jet has scale effect, and reducing the inner diameter of the nozzle can effectively improve printing resolution. Herein, a method for fabricating SU-8 polymer micro/nanoscale nozzle by oxygen plasma assisted room temperature bonding was proposed. It can prevent channel deformation and blockage caused by excessive bonding temperature. The surface modification parameters of silicon nano-mold were optimized, the influence of hot embossing parameters on the replication precision of nano patterns was investigated, the effect of UV lithography parameters on the micro and nanochannel was analyzed, the relationship between the oxygen plasma treatment parameters on the contact angle of SU-8 was revealed, the influence of bonding pressure on the morphology of the nanochannel was discussed, and the bonding principle at room temperature was deeply analyzed. This method can fabricate SU-8 polymer micro/nanoscale nozzle with low cost and high precision, and provide a new idea for the realization of room temperature bonding to manufacture SU-8 polymer nozzle.

Abstract Background Relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) has a dismal prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity and tolerability of venetoclax combined with azacitidine plus homoharringtonine (VAH) regimen for R/R AML. Methods This phase 2 trial was done at ten hospitals in China. Eligible patients were R/R AML (aged 18–65 years) with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–2. Patients received venetoclax (100 mg on day 1, 200 mg on day 2, and 400 mg on days 3–14) and azacitidine (75 mg/m2 on days 1–7) and homoharringtonine (1 mg/m2 on days 1–7). The primary endpoint was composite complete remission rate [CRc, complete response (CR) plus complete response with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi)] after 2 cycles of treatment. The secondary endpoints include safety and survival. Results Between May 27, 2020, and June 16, 2021, we enrolled 96 patients with R/R AML, including 37 primary refractory AML and 59 relapsed AML (16 relapsed after chemotherapy and 43 after allo-HSCT). The CRc rate was 70.8% (95% CI 60.8–79.2). In the patients with CRc, measurable residual disease (MRD)-negative was attained in 58.8% of CRc patients. Accordingly, overall response rate (ORR, CRc plus partial remission (PR)) was 78.1% (95% CI 68.6–85.4). At a median follow-up of 14.7 months (95% CI 6.6–22.8) for all patients, median overall survival (OS) was 22.1 months (95% CI 12.7–Not estimated), and event-free survival (EFS) was 14.3 months (95% CI 7.0–Not estimated). The 1-year OS was 61.5% (95% CI 51.0–70.4), and EFS was 51.0% (95% CI 40.7–60.5). The most common grade 3–4 adverse events were febrile neutropenia (37.4%), sepsis (11.4%), and pneumonia (21.9%). Conclusions VAH is a promising and well-tolerated regimen in R/R AML, with high CRc and encouraging survival. Further randomized studies are needed to be explored. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04424147.

Objective This study was to explore the changes in bacterial bloodstream infection (BSI) in patients with haematological malignancies (HMs) before and during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Design Retrospective cohort study between 2018 and 2021.Setting The largest haematological centre in southern China.Results A total of 599 episodes of BSI occurring in 22 717 inpatients from January 2018 to December 2021 were analysed. The frequencies of the total, Gram-negative and Gram-positive BSI before and during the pandemic were 2.90% versus 2.35% (p=0.011), 2.49% versus 1.77% (p

Low- and middle-income groups face difficulties in homeownership because of the urbanisation and rising living standards, in which they rely heavily on the government’s housing provision. Yet, affordable housing provided in Malaysia has been repeatedly criticised as it is not up to homebuyers’ expectations and is not supported to reach sustainable goals. Hence, this research aims to investigate the influence of the sociodemographic background of the homebuyers on their preferences for sustainable affordable housing in Malaysia. The questionnaire was designed and responses were obtained from 316 low- and middle-income homebuyers. Spearman rank correlation and ordinal regression were used to investigate the association between homebuyers’ sociodemographic characteristics and their preference for sustainable affordable housing. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that gender, generation, marital status and monthly income were significantly correlated with sustainability criteria. The ordinal regression model reflected that stronger preferences for sustainable affordable housing were shown among female homebuyers, Gen Y and Baby Boomer homebuyers and married ones. The research findings close the gap between users (homebuyers) and the providers (developer/government) in the provision of affordable housing. Developers and the local authorities can provide sustainable affordable housing solutions that suit the needs of different homebuyers.

Objective To study the effect of nonthermal argon atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) treatment on the bonding strength between dentine and self-etch adhesive and the wettability of dentine surfaces under different treatment times. Methods The plasma jet was operated at an input power of 9 W. Argon was used as the operating gas at a flow rate of 5 L/min. The dentin surface was exposed to the plasma jet (n=6) for various times (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 s). After a one-step self-etch adhesive (S3 Bond) was applied to the treated dentine surface, microtensile bonding specimens were made, and the microtensile bonding strength was tested. Then, the dentine surface contact angles were measured after NTAPP treatment for 5, 10, 15, and 20 s with the same gas flow rate and input power described above. Results Along with the NTAPP treatment time, the dentin immediate bonding strength was significantly increased. The 15 s group showed significantly elevated bonding strength (31.82±2.80 MPa) in contrast to the other groups. The contact angles of each experimental group significantly decreased compared with the contact angles of the negative control group (75.57°±1.45°). The contact angles decreased the most to 33.56°±2.14° with NTAPP treatment for 15 s, and its wettability was the highest. Conclusion NTAPP treatment can significantly increase the wettability of the dentin surface and improve the adhesive strength of the adhesive interface with self-etching adhesive, which is also related to the treatment time.

The future Electron-Ion Collider will utilize high-luminosity highenergy electron+proton (e + p) and electron+nucleus (e + A) collisions to solve several fundamental questions in the high energy nuclear physics field. Heavy flavor products play an important role in constraining the initial-state nucleon/nucleus parton distribution functions especially in the high and low Bjorken-x (xBJ) region and exploring the final-state parton propagation and hadronization processes under different nuclear medium conditions. Latest simulation studies of heavy flavor hadron and jet measurements with the EIC project detector conceptual design will be discussed. The projected statistical accuracy of heavy flavor jet and heavy flavor hadron inside jet measurements in comparison with latest theoretical calculations will be presented.

To observe the confidence level prevailing with regard to the practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) among undergraduate nursing students who have undertaken TCM courses at Shanxi Medical University.

Abstract Background Use of kinase inhibitors such as dasatinib and imatinib might increase the risk of opportunistic infections, especially Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. However, the effect of sorafenib on EBV and CMV infections remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sorafenib maintenance post-transplantation on the incidence and mortality of EBV and CMV infections in patients with FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia. Methods This was a follow-up of our randomized controlled trial undertaken at seven hospitals in China. The primary endpoint was EBV and CMV infections within 3 years post-transplantation. Secondary endpoints included the cumulative incidences of relapse, non-relapse mortality (NRM), overall survival (OS), leukemia-free survival (LFS), and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-free/relapse-free survival (GRFS) at 3 years. Results Two hundred two patients were assigned to sorafenib maintenance (n=100) or non-maintenance (control, n=102). Median extended follow-up post-transplantation was 36.8 (range, 2.5–67.1) months. The 3-year cumulative incidences of EBV-DNAemia and EBV-associated diseases were 24.0% (95% CI: 16.1–32.8%) and 5.0% (1.8–10.6%) in the sorafenib group, and 24.5% (16.6–33.2%) and 5.9% (2.4–11.6%) in the control group (P=0.937; P=0.771). The 3-year cumulative incidences of CMV-DNAemia and CMV-associated diseases were 56.0% (45.6–65.1%) and 8.0% (3.7–14.4%) in the sorafenib group, and 52.9% (42.7–62.1%) and 8.8% (4.3–15.3%) in the control group (P=0.997; P=0.826). The 3-year cumulative mortality of EBV- and CMV-associated diseases was 0.0% (0.0–0.0%) and 2.0% (0.4–6.4%) in the sorafenib group, and 1.0% (0.1–4.8%) and 2.0% (0.4–6.3%) in the control group (P=0.322, P=0.980). The 3-year cumulative incidences of relapse, NRM, OS, LFS, and GRFS were 13.0%, 11.1%, 79.0%, 75.9%, and 65.8% in the sorafenib group and 34.8%, 12.7%, 61.4%, 52.5%, and 46.6% in the control group, respectively (P0.05). Conclusions Sorafenib maintenance post-transplantation does not increase the incidence and mortality of EBV and CMV infections, demonstrating a favorable safety profile. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02474290 . Registered on June 14, 2015

ObjectiveTo determine the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus infections in Lin’an District， Hangzhou City from 2012 to 2020， and provide scientific evidence for improving preventive and control measures.MethodsDescriptive epidemiological methods were used to characterize the epidemic and conduct statistical analysis to determine related factors.ResultsA total of 37 clustered outbreaks of norovirus infection were reported in Lin’an District of Hangzhou from 2012 to 2020， including 8 outbreaks in kindergartens， 15 ones in elementary schools， 8 ones in middle and high schools， 2 ones in universities， and 4 other ones. The total number of cases with norovirus infection was 1 194， with the average attack rate of 3.76%. The incidence of norovirus was higher in winter and spring. It was also higher in urban areas， followed by suburban and mountainous areas neighbored to traffic lines. Moreover， attack rates differed significantly by transmission routes， including mixed contact and aerosol transmission， contact transmission， food-borne transmission， and water-borne transmission （χ2=186.91，P

CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered NK cells have been used for treating patients with relapsed and/or refractory B cell malignancies and show encouraging outcomes and safety profile. However, the poor persistence of NK cells remains a major challenge for CAR NK cell therapy. Memory-like NK cells (MLNK) induced by IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 have shown enhanced and prolonged responses to tumor re-stimulation, making them an attractive candidate for adoptive cellular immunotherapy. Here, we show efficient and stable gene delivery of CD19 CAR to memory-like NK cells using retroviral vectors with transduction efficiency comparable to those achieved with conventional NK cells. Analysis of surface molecules revealed a distinct phenotypic profile in CAR engineered memory-like NK cells (CAR MLNK), as evidenced by increased expression of CD94 and downregulation of NKp30 as well as KIR2DL1. Compared to conventional CAR NK cells, CAR MLNK cells exhibited significantly increased IFN-γ production and degranulation in response to CD19+ target cells, resulting in enhanced cytotoxic activity against CD19+ leukemia cells and lymphoma cells. Furthermore, memory properties induced by IL-12/-15/-18 improved the in vivo persistence of CAR MLNK cells and significantly suppressed tumor growth in a exnograft mouse model of lymphoma, leading to prolonged survival of CD19+ tumor-bearing mouse. Altogether, our data indicate that CD19 CAR engineered memory-like NK cells exhibited superior persistence and antitumor activity against CD19+ tumors, which might be an attractive approach for treating patient with relapse or refractory B cell malignancies.

Sorafenib, a kinase inhibitor, has shown promising therapeutic efficacy in a subset of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, despite its clinical effectiveness, sorafenib resistance is frequently observed in clinical settings, and the mechanisms underlying this resistance as well as effective strategies to overcome it remain unclear. We examined both single-cell and bulk transcription data in sorafenib-resistant and control AML patients and integrated a sorafenib resistance gene signature to predict the sensitivity of AML cells and the clinical outcomes of AML patients undergoing sorafenib therapy. In addition, our drug sensitivity analysis of scRNA-seq data using deconvolution methods showed that venetoclax was effective in targeting sorafenib-resistant AML cells. Mechanistically, sorafenib was found to activate the JAK-STAT3 pathway and upregulate BCL2 expression in sorafenib-resistant AML cells. This upregulation of BCL2 expression rendered the cells vulnerable to the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax. In conclusion, we developed a platform to predict sorafenib resistance and clinical outcomes in AML patients after therapy. Our findings suggest that the combination of sorafenib and venetoclax could be an effective therapeutic strategy for AML treatment.

Abstract. Background:. Compared with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling donor (MSD) transplantation, it remains unclear whether haploidentical donor (HID) transplantation has a superior graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect for Philadelphia-negative (Ph–) high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). This study aimed to compare the GVL effect between HID and MSD transplantation for Ph– high-risk B-ALL. Methods:. This study population came from two prospective multicenter trials (NCT01883180, NCT02673008). Immunosuppressant withdrawal and prophylactic or pre-emptive donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) were administered in patients without active graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) to prevent relapse. All patients with measurable residual disease (MRD) positivity posttransplantation (post-MRD+) or non-remission (NR) pre-transplantation received prophylactic/pre-emptive interventions. The primary endpoint was the incidence of post-MRD+. Results:. A total of 335 patients with Ph– high-risk B-ALL were enrolled, including 145 and 190, respectively, in the HID and MSD groups. The 3-year cumulative incidence of post-MRD+ was 27.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.2%–34.7%) and 42.6% (35.5%–49.6%) in the HID and MSD groups (P = 0.003), respectively. A total of 156 patients received DLI, including 60 (41.4%) and 96 (50.5%), respectively, in the HID and MSD groups (P = 0.096). The 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 18.6% (95% CI: 12.7%–25.4%) and 25.9% (19.9%–32.3%; P = 0.116) in the two groups, respectively. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 67.4% (95% CI: 59.1%–74.4%) and 61.6% (54.2%–68.1%; P = 0.382), leukemia-free survival (LFS) was 63.4% (95% CI: 55.0%–70.7%) and 58.2% (50.8%–64.9%; P = 0.429), and GVHD-free/relapse-free survival (GRFS) was 51.7% (95% CI: 43.3%–59.5%) and 37.8% (30.9%–44.6%; P = 0.041), respectively, in the HID and MSD groups. Conclusion:. HID transplantation has a lower incidence of post-MRD+ than MSD transplantation, suggesting that HID transplantation might have a superior GVL effect than MSD transplantation for Ph– high-risk B-ALL patients. Trial registration:. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01883180, NCT02673008.

Abstract Background Steroid-resistant (SR) acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) lacks standard second-line treatment. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have potential efficacy in SR aGVHD. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of MSCs combined with basiliximab and calcineurin inhibitor as second-line therapy for SR aGVHD. Methods A randomized phase 3 trial involved 203 SR aGVHD patients at nine centers in China (September 2014–March 2019). Participants were randomized at a 1:1 ratio to receive second-line therapy with (n = 101) or without (n = 102) MSCs. The primary endpoint was the overall response (OR) at day 28. Secondary and safety endpoints included durable OR at day 56, failure-free survival, overall survival (OS), chronic GVHD (cGVHD), infection, hematological toxicity and relapse. Results Of 203 patients, 198 (97.5%; mean age, 30.1 years; 40.4% women) completed the study. The OR at day 28 was higher in the MSC group than the control group (82.8% [82 patients] vs. 70.7% [70]; odds ratio, 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–3.94; P = 0.043). The durable OR at day 56 was also higher in the MSC group (78.8% [78 patients] vs. 64.6% [64]; odds ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.08–3.83; P = 0.027). The median failure-free survival was longer in the MSC group compared with control (11.3 months vs. 6.0 months; hazard ratio (HR) 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48–0.95, P = 0.024). The 2-year cumulative incidence of cGVHD was 39.5% (95% CI, 29.3–49.4%) and 62.7% (51.4–72.1%) in the MSC and control groups (HR 0.55, 95% CI, 0.36–0.84; P = 0.005). Within 180 days after study treatments, the most common grade 3 and 4 adverse events were infections (65 [65.7%] in the MSC group vs. 78 [78.8%] in the control group) and hematological toxicity (37 [37.4%] vs. 53 [53.5%]). The 3-year cumulative incidence of tumor relapse was 10.1% (95% CI, 5.2–17.1) and 13.5% (7.5–21.2%) in the MSC and control groups, respectively (HR 0.75, 95% CI, 0.34–1.67, P = 0.610). Conclusions MSCs plus second-line treatments increase the efficacy of SR aGVHD, decrease drug toxicity of second-line drugs and cGVHD without increasing relapse, and are well-tolerated. MSCs could be recommended as a second-line treatment option for aGVHD patients. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02241018. Registration date: September 16, 2014, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02241018 .

Ti45Al-8Nb-0.3Y-mCo (m=0, 0.5, 1, 2, atom fraction/%) alloys were prepared by vacuum arc non-consumable melting method. The microstructure and high temperature oxidation resistance of the alloys were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of TiAl-Nb alloy can be significantly refined by addition of Co element. However, Co can remarkably inhibit the formation of α2+γ lamellar while promote the formation of Co-rich B2 precipitations in the alloys. The oxide films formed on the Ti45Al-8Nb-0.3Y-mCo alloys mainly consist of relatively loose TiO2 and Al2O3 mixtures, after oxidation at 1000 ℃ for 100 h in air. With the increase of Co content, the mass gains of the TiAl-Nb-0.3Y alloys after oxidation increase obviously, while much better anti-spalling performance of the oxide films can be obtained. Addition of Co can reduce the internal stress of the oxide film to a certain extent, which is beneficial to the anti-spalling performance of the oxide film. However, the coarse B2 precipitation caused by Co weakens high temperature oxidation resistance of the alloy.

Abstract Background Secondary poor graft function (sPGF) is a serious complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) related to poor outcome. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the morbidity and hazard elements of sPGF after allo‐HSCT. Methods Eight hundred and sixty‐three patients who achieved initial engraftment of both neutrophils and platelets were retrospectively reviewed in this study. Results Fifty‐two patients developed sPGF within 180 days post‐transplants, with the median onset time was 62 days (range, 34–121 days) post‐transplants. The overall cumulative incidence of sPGF within 180 days post‐transplantation was 6.0%, with 3.4%, 3.4%, and 10.1%, respectively, in matched sibling donor (MSD), matched unrelated donor (MUD), and haploidentical donor (HID) transplant (p

Abstract We aimed to investigate outcomes of different post-remission treatment (PRT) choices based on dynamic measurable residual disease (MRD) by multiparameter flow cytometry in favorable-risk AML (FR-AML). Four hundred and three younger patients with FR-AML in first complete remission (CR1) were enrolled in this registry-based cohort study, including 173 who received chemotherapy (CMT), 92 autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT), and 138 allogeneic SCT (allo-SCT). The primary endpoint was the 5-year overall survival (OS). Subgroup analyses were performed based on dynamic MRD after the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd courses of chemotherapy. In subgroups of patients with negative MRD after 1 or 2 course of chemotherapy, comparable OS was observed among the CMT, auto-SCT, and allo-SCT groups (p = 0.340; p = 0.627, respectively). But CMT and auto-SCT had better graft-versus-host-disease-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) than allo-SCT in both subgroups. For patients with negative MRD after three courses of chemotherapy, allo-SCT had better disease-free-survival than CMT (p = 0.009). However, OS was comparable among the three groups (p = 0.656). For patients with persistently positive MRD after 3 courses of chemotherapy or recurrent MRD, allo-SCT had better OS than CMT and auto-SCT (p = 0.011; p = 0.029, respectively). Dynamic MRD might improve therapy stratification and optimize PRT selection for FR-AML in CR1.

ObjectiveTo analyze the drop-out rate of participants in antidepressant clinical trials and to explore the related influencing factors.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out on the participants of 9 antidepressant clinical trials conducted at the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from 2013 to 2020. A self-compiled questionnaire was used to collect the subjects' demographic data， disease characteristics and the final completion of the trial， thereafter， the participant drop-out rate and related influencing factors were discussed.ResultsA total of 157 cases were enrolled， including 120 cases completed and 37 cases dropped out the trail. The causes of drop-out were poor efficacy in 13 cases （35.14%）， presence of adverse reactions in 12 cases （32.43%）， withdrawal of informed consent in 8 cases （21.62%） and loss of follow-up in 4 cases （10.81%）. Correlation analysis showed that participant drop-out was positively correlated with the level of anxiety （r=0.224， P

BackgroundHaploidentical donor stem cell transplantation (HID-SCT) based on antithymocyte globulin (ATG) for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis had achieved a similar incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling donor stem cell transplantation (MSD-SCT). However, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), which serves as pulmonary cGVHD, was rarely compared between HID and MSD transplantation.MethodsOne thousand four hundred five patients with hematologic malignancies who underwent allogeneic SCT were enrolled in this retrospective study. Based on donor type, we divided the patients into three groups: HID, MSD, and match unrelated donor (MUD) groups. The cumulative incidences and risk factors of BOS were analyzed.ResultsThe 5-year cumulative incidence of BOS was 7.2% in the whole population. HID transplantation had a lower 5-year cumulative incidence of BOS than MSD transplantation (4.1% vs. 10.0%, p < 0.001) and a similar incidence with MUD transplantation (4.1% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.224). The 5-year cumulative incidence of BOS was lower in the ATG group than that in the non-ATG group in both the whole and MSD populations (4.6% vs. 11.2%, p < 0.001, and 4.1% vs. 11.2%, p = 0.042, respectively). The 5-year incidence of BOS in mixed grafts [peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) plus bone marrow] group was also lower than that in the PBSC group (4.2% vs. 9.1, p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that HID, ATG, and mixed grafts were protective factors for BOS [odds ratio (OR) 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.6, p < 0.001; OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.7, p = 0.001; OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.8, p = 0.013], and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and cGVHD were independent risk factors for BOS (OR 2.1, 95% 1.1–4.3, p = 0.035; OR 10.1, 95% CI 4.0–25.0, p < 0.001).ConclusionsHID transplantation had a lower incidence of BOS than MSD transplantation, which might be associated with ATG and mixed grafts.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly implicated in neurodegenerative diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which causes irreversible blindness in over 50 million older adults worldwide. A key site of insult in AMD is the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a monolayer of postmitotic polarized cells that performs essential functions for photoreceptor health and vision. Recent studies from our group and others have identified several features of mitochondrial dysfunction in AMD including mitochondrial fragmentation and bioenergetic defects. While these studies provide valuable insight at fixed points in time, high-resolution, high-speed live imaging is essential for following mitochondrial injury in real time and identifying disease mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate the advantages of live imaging to investigate RPE mitochondrial dynamics in cell-based and mouse models. We show that mitochondria in the RPE form extensive networks that are destroyed by fixation and discuss important live imaging considerations that can interfere with accurate evaluation of mitochondrial integrity such as RPE differentiation status and acquisition parameters. Our data demonstrate that RPE mitochondria show localized heterogeneities in membrane potential and ATP production that could reflect focal changes in metabolism and oxidative stress. Contacts between the mitochondria and organelles such as the ER and lysosomes mediate calcium flux and mitochondrial fission. Live imaging of mouse RPE flatmounts revealed a striking loss of mitochondrial integrity in albino mouse RPE compared to pigmented mice that could have significant functional consequences for cellular metabolism. Our studies lay a framework to guide experimental design and selection of model systems for evaluating mitochondrial health and function in the RPE.

Abstract Purpose Myelofibrosis (MF) may serve as a poor prognostic factor in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). This study explored the impact of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) on the outcome of MDS patients with MF. Patients and Methods Three hundred and sixteen MDS patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Based on the degree of MF, we divided the patients into 2 groups: grade 0–1 (MF-0/1) and grade 2–3 (MF-2/3) groups. The clinical features, treatments, and prognosis in MDS patients with MF were analyzed. Results Forty-three (13.6%) patients were diagnosed as MF-2/3. Complex karyotypes were more common in the MF-2/3 compared to MF-0/1 groups (P = 0.002). The overall response rate (ORR) of cytoreduction was 49.0%, along with 53.3% in the MF-0/1 and 16.7% in MF-2/3 groups (P = 0.017). In total, 141 patients underwent allo-HSCT, including 121 in the MF-0/1 and 20 in MF-2/3 groups. The median time to neutrophil reconstruction was 12 (range: 7–34) and 14 (range: 10–45) days (P = 0.005), and platelet reconstruction was 14 (range: 8–68) and 18 (range: 8–65) days (P = 0.045) in the MF-0/1 and MF-2/3 groups, respectively. However, the cumulative incidence of neutrophil and platelet engraftment achieved at day + 30 was not different between the two groups (P = 0.107, P = 0.303, respectively). Non-relapse mortality, relapse, and acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease were similar between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Among patients with allo-HSCT, the 2-year overall survival (OS) was 68.5% (95% CI: 60.1–76.9%) and 68.4% (95% CI: 47.4–89.4%) in the MF-0/1 and MF-2/3 groups, respectively, (P = 0.636). Among patients without allo-HSCT, the 2-year OS was 49.9% (95% CI: 40.7–59.1%) and 19.2% (95% CI: 0–39.6%) in the MF-0/1 and MF-2/3 groups, respectively, (P = 0.002). In multivariate cox analysis, complex karyotype was an unfavorable factor for relapse (HR, 4.16; P = 0.006), disease-free survival (DFS) (HR, 2.16; P = 0.020), and OS (HR, 2.47; P = 0.009) post-transplantation. Conclusion Patients with MF-2/3 have more complex karyotypes and lower ORR of cytoreduction in MDS. Among patients without allo-HSCT, patients with MF-2/3 have a worse prognosis than those with MF-0/1. However, the adverse impact of MF on prognosis may be overcome by allo-HSCT.

Objective: This study aimed to increase the added value of Yanbian yellow cattle fat. Methods: Using immobilized lipase Lipozyme RM IM as a catalyst, and tallow fatty acid ethyl ester （self-made by ethanol hydrolysis） and glycerol as raw materials to prepare 1,3-diglyceride, using nuclear magnetic resonance to investigate the effect of lipase addition, substrate molar ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature on the content of 1,3-diglyceride in the crude reaction mixture. The changes in fatty acid composition of the tallow and diglyceride products was clarified before and after the alcoholysis and transesterification. Results: The best conditions for the synthesis of 1,3-diglycerides were the addition of 1% （mass fraction） of lipase Lipozyme RM IM, with the molar ratio of substrate of 2∶1, and reaction for 6 h, at 50 ℃. Under the control of those conditions, the production rate of 1,3-diglycerides was 72.5%, and the yield of glycerides was 77%; the purity increased to 90.79% after purification. After testing, compared with crude oil （flavored tallow）, the content of linoleic acid and oleic acid in the diglyceride product increased by 13.65% and 6.47%, respectively, and the degree of saturation decreased by 7.17%. Conclusion: the preparation of 1,3-diglycerides from Yanbian Yellow Cattle fat changes not only the glyceride structure, but also the fatty acid composition of cattle fat and reduces the saturation. This experiment enables the high-quality utilization of Yanbian Yellow Cattle fat.

Objective To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of artesunate (AS) on the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in mouse primary hepatocytes induced by conjugate bile acids. Methods Mouse hepatocytes were isolated and primarily cultured, and then treated with 25 μmol/L conjugated bile acids. CCK-8 assay was used to determine the toxic effects of AS on the liver cells. The mRNA level of IL-6 in the cells was measured by RT-qPCR, and the protein levels of IL-6, p-65 and phosphorylated-p65 (p-p65) were determined by Western blotting. Results Conjugated bile acids of 25 μmol/L significantly promoted the expression of IL-6 at mRNA and protein levels in mouse primary hepatocytes, while, AS reduced the taurocholic acid (TCA)-induced phosphorylation of p65 and IL-6 level. Further studies revealed that AS suppressed the IL-6 expression through inhibiting p-p65 signaling pathway in mouse primary hepatocytes. Conclusion AS reduces IL-6 expression in mouse primary hepatocytes induced by conjugate bile acids via inhibiting the p-p65 signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the prevalence, influencing factors, and clinical and imaging features of cervicocerebral artery dissection (CAD) in young patients with ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 242 young patients with first ever ischemic stroke were included in this study from October 2016 to September 2020. Thirty⁃two patients with CAD were included in the CAD group, and 210 patients without CAD were included as controls. We collected the clinical and imaging data of all the patients. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to screen the influencing factors of young ischemic stroke patients caused by CAD. And we analyzed imaging characteristics of CAD in different locations. Results Among the 242 young patients with ischemic stroke, 32 (13.22%) patients were due to CAD. Compared with the control group, the CAD group had younger onset age (t=⁃3.480, P=0.001), more inducible events (infection and neck movement) before the onset of cerebral infarction (t=8.796, P=0.003), and higher incidence of headache or neck pain (t=17.466, P=0.000) and posterior circulation infarction (t=22.705, P=0.000). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR=0.920, 95%CI:0.853-0.992; P=0.030), the infarction located in the anterior circulation (OR=0.145, 95%CI:0.059-0.356;P=0.000) were protective factors for ischemic stroke due to CAD, while head and neck pain (OR=5.428, 95%CI:1.653-17.824; P=0.005) was risk factor for ischemic stroke due to CAD. The artery dissection lesions were located in anterior circulation in 11 (34.37%) patients with CAD, including 9 cases of extracranial carotid artery, one case of anterior cerebral artery, and one case of middle cerebral artery, while 21 (65.63%) patients' artery dissection lesions were located in the posterior circulation, including 10 cases of extracranial vertebral artery dissection (2 patients with bilateral lesions), 6 cases of intracranial segment, 4 cases with both intracranial and extracranial segment involvement, and one case with posterior inferior cerebellar artery dissection. After discharge, the follow⁃up imaging examination of 9 CAD patients showed that 6 patients had varying degrees of recovery of the arterial lumen and the rest 3 patients had no change. Conclusions CAD is a common cause of cerebral infarction in young people, and younger age, posterior circulation infarction and head and neck pain are risk factors for CAD. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.04.011

Abstract Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is the main cause of non-relapse mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in bone marrow (BM) remain unclear in the pathophysiology of cGVHD. In this study, we analyzed BM-MSCs from 66 patients after allo-HSCT, including 33 with active cGVHD and 33 without cGVHD. BM-MSCs showed similar morphology, frequency, phenotype, and proliferation in patients with or without cGVHD. MSCs from the active cGVHD group showed a decreased apoptosis rate (P

Abstract Relapse remains the main cause of treatment failure in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Emerging evidence has demonstrated that AML patients might benefit from maintenance therapy post-transplantation, especially for high-risk AML patients. In this mini-review, we will summarize targeted drugs, such as hypomethylating agents, FLT3 inhibitors and isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors, as maintenance therapy post-transplantation in AML patients undergoing allo-HSCT.

The liquid crystal (LC) and deformable mirror (DM) cascaded adaptive optics (AO) system can be used to effectively extend the imaging waveband of a large aperture telescope from the infrared to the visible waveband. However, to maintain the effectiveness and stability of the LC-DM AO system, the issues of synchronization and cross-coupling must be resolved. This study proposed a global decoupling control algorithm to simultaneously control the two correctors with high precision. The global decoupling control matrix has been constructed using an eigenmode orthogonal basis and a constraint matrix. The eigenmode orthogonal basis has been derived from the response matrix of the DM and is used for selectively distributing the large stroke low-order aberration to the DM and the remaining aberration to the LC. The constraint matrix has been derived from the projection of the LC response matrix onto the DM eigenmode orthogonal basis, which is used for restraining the LC generating the cross-coupling shape with the DM. The control vectors for both correctors have been calculated simultaneously using the global decoupling control matrix. Numerical simulation indicates that this algorithm exhibits good performance in correcting the different spatial frequency aberrations simultaneously and suppressing the cross-coupling between the dual correctors. Compared to the typical Zernike decomposition algorithm, this algorithm can make full use of the compensation ability of LC-DM. An experiment was conducted on the LC-DM AO system for a 2 m telescope. The experimental results demonstrate that this algorithm is practical for the LC-DM AO system. The cross-coupling between the dual correctors can be restrained well for static and dynamic aberrations simultaneously.

Poly-lactic acid based biocomposite strengthened with magnesium alloy wires (Mg wires/PLA composite) is prepared for bone fixation implantation. The influence of wire content and load mode on the degradation performances of the composite and its components is studied. The result suggests the degradation of Mg wires could slow down the pH decrease originated from the degradation of PLA, while a relatively high wire content contributes to descend the degradation rate of Mg wire in the composite. Dynamic load significantly promotes the mechanical loss of the specimens. After 30 days immersion, the Sb retention is about 65%, 52% and 55%, respectively for pure PLA, the composite at 10 vol% and 20 vol% under dynamic load, comparing to 75%, 70% and 72% under no load. Moreover, dynamic load could further mitigate the degradation of Mg wires by increasing convective transport of acidic products out of the composite.

With the continuous development of society, people’s living standards and quality are constantly improving. However, there are also many problems that come with it, such as excessive pressure on teenagers and increasingly fierce social competition. South Korea can be regarded as a typical country with these problems. In fact, these problems exist globally. As a new generation, this is a very good opportunity for people to understand the physical and mental conditions of teenagers in other countries, and to explore in more detail the causes behind social phenomena. It can also help people better solve and deal with these problems. The research mainly focuses on exploring the psychological conditions of young people in South Korea and some of the factors that influence them. It mainly summarizes and summarizes some of the research results of previous scholars, and combines the phenomena in people’s own lives for understanding and analysis. The psychological condition of young people in South Korea is mainly reflected in social loneliness, low happiness index, excessive pressure, and social conformity. Many factors in society have led to these problems, typical of which include educational pressure, dependence on electronic products, and troubles brought about by the pandemic. In addition to psychological problems, there are also many advanced cognitive changes. For example, under the influence of the Korean Wave culture, the public has a diversified understanding of gender cognition.

Abstract Background High-temperature stress (HTS) is one of the main environmental stresses that limit plant growth and crop production in agricultural systems. Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is an important high-altitude herbaceous plant adapted to a wide range of environmental stimuli such as cold, strong wind and UV-B exposure. However, it is an extremely HTS-sensitive plant species. Thus far, there is limited information about gene/protein regulation and signaling pathways related to the heat stress responses in maca. In this study, proteome profiles of maca seedlings exposed to HTS for 12 h were investigated using a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic approach. Results In total, 6966 proteins were identified, of which 300 showed significant alterations in expression following HTS. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum was the most significantly up-regulated metabolic pathway following HTS. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression levels of 19 genes encoding proteins mapped to this pathway were significantly up-regulated under HTS. These results show that protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum may play a crucial role in the responses of maca to HTS. Conclusions Our proteomic data can be a good resource for functional proteomics of maca and our results may provide useful insights into the molecular response mechanisms underlying herbal plants to HTS.