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In low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, when earth-fixed footprint mode is used, the switching of beams between coverage regions affects the elevation angle of the coverage, which in turn affects the communication quality. A coverage region switching method was proposed to address the coverage region switching problem in earth-fixed footprint mode. Firstly, a coverage region division mechanism was designed to keep the coverage region topology regular. Then, a switching time selection mechanism and a target coverage region selection mechanism were designed with the objective of maximizing the minimum elevation angle of the beams. The proposed method takes the differences between polar and inclined orbit constellations into account and supports both constellations. The OneWeb and Telesat constellations are used as simulation scenarios to validate the proposed method. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the minimum elevation angle of the beams, which helps to improve the link quality.

Prostate cancer (PCa) represents a substantial global health concern and a prominent contributor to male cancer-related mortality. The aim of this study is to explore the role of B-type endothelin receptor (EDNRB) in PCa and evaluate its therapeutic potential. The investigation employed predictive methodologies encompassing data acquisition from the GEO and TCGA databases, gene screening, enrichment analysis, in vitro experiments involving PCR, Western blotting, wound healing, and Transwell assays, as well as animal experiments. Analysis revealed a significant downregulation of EDNRB expression in PCa cells. Overexpression of EDNRB demonstrated inhibitory effects on tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion, likely mediated through activation of the cGMP-Protein Kinase G pathway. In vivo experiments further confirmed the tumor-suppressive properties of EDNRB overexpression. These findings underscore the prospect of EDNRB as a therapeutic target for PCa, offering novel avenues for PCa treatment strategies.

Objective To investigate the correlation of Wnt5a expression and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in prostate cancer tissues, and analyze their relationships with cancer stem cells (CSCs) characteristics and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods Immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect the expression of Wnt5a in 50 prostate cancer tissues and 50 benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues. The expression levels of CD133, vimentin, and E-cadherin were detected in the prostate cancer tissues, and CD34/PAS double staining was used to detect VM structures. We analyzed the difference in Wnt5a level between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues, the clinical significance of Wnt5a and VM, the relationship of Wnt5a expression and VM, and the relationships of Wnt5a expression and VM with CD133, Vimentin, E-cadherin. Results The expression of Wnt5a was significantly higher in prostate cancer tissues than in benign prostatic hyperplasia (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between Wnt5a expression and VM (P < 0.05). The expression levels of Wnt5a and VM were positively correlated with those of CD133 and vimentin (P < 0.05). Wnt5a expression and VM were positively correlated with Gleason score, vas deferens invasion and lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05) of prostate cancer, and VM was also positively correlated with T stage of prostate cancer (P < 0.05). Conclusion The expression level of Wnt5a in prostate cancer tissues is elevated and positively related with VM formation. Wnt5a expression and VM are correlated with cancer stem cells characteristics and the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition marker proteins.

Ultra wideband (UWB) radar life detection technology has the advantages of low power consumption, good penetration, and high confidentiality. It is beneficial for improving the survival rate of trapped personnel after disasters. This paper systematically summarizes the research progress and current status of UWB radar life detection technology both domestically and internationally. According to the different forms of transmitted signals, UWB radar life detection technology is divided into continuous wave radar life detection technology and pulse wave radar life detection technology. The principles and application advantages of the two detection technologies are introduced respectively. Based on the respective features of continuous wave radar life detection technology and pulse wave radar life detection technology, this paper analyzes the key technologies of UWB radar life detection from three perspectives: detection signal transmission, echo signal preprocessing, and life signal extraction and analysis, and summarizes the research status of the three key technologies. The paper proposes prospects for the research on UWB radar life detection technology. The technology breaks through the hardware performance of life detector transceivers, improves the transmission signal bandwidth, and optimizes RF power amplification technology to increase the detection distance through walls. The technology comprehensively utilizes multiple feature extraction methods and intelligent pattern classification methods, as well as new generation information technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing, to improve the precision of target recognition. The technology develops a human target recognition and positioning equipment based on multi input multi output radar and a high-precision distributed networked fully polarized UWB radar life detector to enhance the dimension of detection results.

ObjectiveThis study delves into the pivotal factors influencing the consensus process within traditional Chinese medicine guideline development, with the objective of augmenting the quality of this process through methodological recommendations aimed at elevating standardization.MethodsSemi-structured qualitative interviews were used to interview guideline leaders, working groups and consensus groups to explore the pertinent elements impacting the credibility of consensus and gather insights into the constitution and progression of the consensus methodology.ResultsThe study encompassed interviews with 26 participants, yielding 212 codes that were subsequently categorized into five domains: establishment of the consensus group, integration of patient participation, adeptness of the meeting moderator, preparation for consensus formulation, and overarching factors influencing consensus. The research distilled three fundamental phases for forming a consensus group and delineated 17 fundamental tenets for applying the consensus methodology.ConclusionsIn forthcoming guideline development endeavors, it is advisable to bolster methodological training ahead of the consensus process while ensuring comprehensive engagement of methodologists. Encouraging experts to navigate differences judiciously and prioritizing meticulous methodology and evidentiary groundwork are recommended. The process should involve openly disclosing the selection of consensus group members, heightening the involvement of patients, and effective management and disclosure of conflicts of interest. This collective approach helps curtail bias, enhance transparency, bolster reliability, and fortify the scientific rigor of consensus outcomes.

BackgroundThe accurate determination of oil saturation is an essential part of reservoir petrophysical evaluation. Both C/H and C/O logging methods are primarily used to determine oil saturation in low-salinity reservoirs.PurposeThe study aims to compare the logging response effects of the C/H and C/O methods.MethodsFirstly, a spherical model and the model set by the C/O logging instrument RPM (Halliburton Company) were applied to Monte Carlo simulations, and the window counts of the atoms formed under different geological parameters and pore structures were calculated by MCNP5. Then, the relationship between C/O and C/H with saturation and the sensitivity to saturation were analyzed, and the response effects of C/O and C/H were compared. Finally, the mechanisms underlying the different response effects of C/H under different models were clarified.Results & ConclusionThe analysis results show that C/H and C/O exhibit the same relationship with porosity and saturation in casing wells, and both can be used to calculate saturation. However, compared to C/O, C/H is more affected by the borehole environment and is less sensitive to saturation; therefore, it is not suitable for saturation calculations in complex boreholes.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance and in vitro biological function of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 72 HCC patients in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2014. Their HCC tissues and para-cancerous tissues were collected and detected for GALNS expression with immunohistochemical staining. The clinical significance of GALNS in HCC was analyzed based on the results to immunohistochemical staining and clinicopathological data. The biological function of GALNS in HCC cell lines Huh7 and LM3 was detected by cell migration and proliferation assay after GALNS knockdown. Results ① In the 72 HCC tissues, there were 32 samples with high and 40 with low expression of GALNS. Its high level was associated with tumor length, TNM stage and intrahepatic metastasis (Chi-square=20.649, 14.849, 5.667, P < 0.05); ②The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of the 72 patients after surgical treatment were 87.50%, 42.50% and 40.00%, respectively for those with low GALNS level, and 37.50%, 12.50% and 3.13%, for those high expression level. The survival rate was significantly better in the low expression patients than those of high level (Chi-square=9.268, P < 0.05); ③GALNS expression (HR=2.502, 95%CI=1.369- 4.572, P=0.003), distant metastasis (HR=1.908, 95%CI=1.018-3.573, P=0.044), vascular invasion (HR=2.361, 95%CI=1.267-4.398, P=0.044) P=0.007) and pathological stage (HR=2.223, 95%CI=1.185-4.171, P=0.013) were independent risk factors for HCC. ④Down-regulation of GALNS significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion GALNS is highly expressed in liver cancer tissues and an independent risk factor for the prognosis of HCC patients. Downregulation of GALNS can inhibit the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of pinocembrin on the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell line AGS. Methods AGS cells were divided into different test groups according to concentrations of pinocembrin(50, 100, 200, 400 μmol/L), NC group, 200 μmol/L pinocembrin + anti-miR-NC group, 200 μmol/L pinocembrin + anti-miR-34a-5p group. The proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion ability and protein expression of AGS cells were detected by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, Transwell chamber assay and Western blot. The expression of miR-34a-5p was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results Different concentrations of pinocembrin reduced the proliferation activity of AGS cells (P＜0.05) and the proportion of in G0/G1 phase cells was increased while the proportion of S phase cells decreased. The expressions of MMP2, MMP9, p-PI3K and p-AKT protein decreased. The cell migration and invasion were inhibited. The expression of miR-34a-5p was increased (P＜0.05), which reduced the inhibitory effect of pinocembrin on the prolifera- tion, migration and invasion of AGS cells. Conclusions Pinocembrin can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of AGS cells by improving the expression of miR-34a-5p.

The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) experiment and peak fitting technology were used to perform qualitative and quantitative researches on the functional groups of three coal samples with different levels of metamorphism to calculate and analyze infrared spectrum structure parameters. The results of the study show that as the deterioration of coal samples deepens, the hydroxyl functional groups gradually increase, the content of hydroxyl-N and ring hydrogen bonds decreases, and the content of hydroxyl-π increases; in aliphatic hydrocarbons, the methyl content increases, while the methine content decreases. The oxygen-containing functional groups gradually decrease, and C=O shows a downward trend. The content of carboxyl groups is the highest in low-grade coals, and there are almost no carboxyl groups in high-grade coals. Aromatic hydrocarbons gradually decrease, and aromatic hydrocarbons are mainly substituted by three or four. As the degree of metamorphism increases, the length of fatty side chains becomes shorter, the degree of branching increases, the maturity of organic matter increases, and the carbon skeleton becomes softer; coal metamorphism is a process of deoxidation and carbon enrichment. The aromatic carbon ratio, aromatic hydrogen ratio, aromatic degree and condensation degree of coal with high metamorphic degree are higher, which makes the arrangement of structural units in coal more regular and orderly and the structure more stable.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) on the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Methods The expression levels of HMMR in HCC cell lines and tissues were detected by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemical assay. The effects of silencing/overexpression of HMMR on the migration and invasion of HCC cells were observed by wound healing test and Transwell assay. Control HMMR cells and shRNA targeting HMMR cells were respectively injected into nude mice via tail vein to construct a mouse model of lung metastasis. Western blotting was used to detect the effect of HMMR expression on the protein levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, p-MEK and p-ERK. Results HMMR was highly expressed in liver cancer cell lines, and was generally up-regulated in HCC tissues than adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05), and the mRNA and protein levels of HMMR were significantly higher in the metastatic HCC tissues than the non-metastatic HCC tissues (P < 0.05). Silencing HMMR weakened the migration and invasion abilities of cells (P < 0.01), down-regulated E-cadherin protein level and up-regulated N-cadherin and Vimentin levels (P < 0.01). While overexpression of HMMR promoted the motility and migration and invasion abilities of HCC cells (P < 0.01), enhanced the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin, and down-regulated the level of E-cadherin (P < 0.01). In vivo study showed that knockdown of HMMR resulted in significantly less lung metastases than the control group (P < 0.05), while, overexpression of HMMR enhanced the levels of p-MEK and p-ERK (P < 0.01), but had no effect on MEK and ERK levels (P>0.05). Furthermore, MEK inhibitor U1026 significantly reduced the migration and invasion abilities of HMMR-overexpressed Huh7 cells (P < 0.01). Conclusion HMMR is highly expressed in HCC cells, and may promote the migration and invasion of HCC cells via MEK/ERK signaling pathway.

Objective To analyze the incidence and survival trend of malignant tumors in urban residents of Shenyang from 2011 to 2018. Methods The Shenyang tumor registration report system was used to collect the onset data and survival data of patients with malignant tumor from 2011 to 2018.The crude incidence, age-standardized rate, cumulative rate (0-74 years old), truncated rate (35-64 years old), survival rate, and incidence and survival rank were calculated.The observed survival rate was calculated by the life table method.The expected survival rate and relative survival rate were calculated by EdererⅡmethod.Using Joinpoint 3.5.3 software, the annual percentage change in incidence rate and survival rate (APC%) were calculated.SPSS23.0 software was used for the chi square tests of males and females. Results The crude incidence of malignant tumors in Shenyang, age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population and world standard population were 364.70/10 million, 190.00/10 million and 185.63/10 million, respectively.The cumulative rate (0-74 years old) was 21.17%, and the truncated rate (35-64 years old) was 311.66/10 million in the years 2011-2018.The top five incidence rates of males are lung, colorectal, liver, stomach, and bladder cancer, whereas those of females were breast, lung, colorectal, uterine, and thyroid cancer.The incidence rate of malignant tumors increased in 8 years (P=0.00, P=0.67), and the incidence rate was higher in males than that in females (χ2=201.63, P < 0.05).The 5-year survival rate of malignant tumors was 40.49%, and the relative survival rate was 47.84% from 2011 to 2015.The five survival rates of males were in the order of thyroid, kidney, bladder, colon-rectum, and prostate cancer.The five survival rates of females were in the order of thyroid, breast, uterus, cervix, and colon-rectum cancer.The 5-year survival rate showed an upward trend (APC%=7.41, P=0.04).The survival rate of females was higher than that of males (χ2=187.62, P < 0.05). Conclusion The incidence rate and survival rate of malignant tumor in Shenyang urban residents increase yearly from 2011 to 2018.The incidence rate of males is higher than that of females, and the survival rate of males is lower than that of females.The incidence rate and survival rate of tumors differ much in sequence.

In view of the problem that the existing high speed maglev operation control system in China can not meet the complex operation requirements of long-distance trunk lines, this paper aims at automatic tracking operation of long-distance trunk lines, meeting long-distance multi-zone environment and adapting to safe operation of trains under complex geographical and climatic conditions. By studying operation scenarios of maglev system and identifying potential safety hazards, a set of high speed maglev operation control system with long stator is developed to adapt to the complex application environment in China, which adopts the independent and controllable safety computer platform of CRRC, realizes functions of high speed maglev train speed curve monitoring, automatic train operation, train protection, traction cut-off, turnout protection and route protection. There are 645 integrated test cases through laboratory hardware-in-loop simulation, with a pass rate of 89%; 59 field test cases on the test line, and 2 cases not executed due to the conditions, with a pass rate of 97%. The results show that the operation control system designed in this paper has complete interfaces and functions, and can meet the control requirements of 600 km/h maglev train.

Objective To investigate the expression of S100A16 in pancreatic cancer and its clinical significance. Methods Immunohistochemical experiment was used to detect the expression of S100A16 protein in pancreatic cancer tissues and adjacent tissues, and we analyzed the relation between S100A16 positive expression and clinicopathological parameters, prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. PPI was used to predict a protein relationship network that directly interacted with S100A16. Results The positive rate of S100A16 expression in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues (P=0.001). S100A16 expression was higher in patients with vascular infiltration and lymph node metastasis. The overall survival time of patients with pancreatic cancer was related to tumor size, TNM stage and S100A16 expression level. Multivariate analysis showed that the expression level of S100A16 was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients, and the risk of death in patients with high S100A16 expression increased by 1.5 times. PPI predicted that S100A16 and S100A14, IL36G, PITX1, PERP played an important role in the interaction network. Conclusion Pancreatic cancer patients with high S100A16 expression have poor prognosis. The positive expression of S100A16 is an independent prognostic indicator.

Objective To analyze 10 years survival status of urban female patients with corpus uteri cancer and its influencing factors in Liaoning Province. Methods Based on Liaoning cancer register database, 426 patients with corpus uteri cancer in Shenyang, Anshan and Benxi from 2000 to 2002 were randomly selected. They were followed up passively and actively. Life table method and Ederer Ⅱ method were used to calculate the observed survival rate (OSR), the expected survival rate (ESR) and the relative survival rate (RSR). Results We finally included 218 corpus uteri patients. The diagnosis proportions of stage Ⅰ-Ⅳ were 59.2%, 11.5%, 11.0% and 8.7%, respectively. Ten-year RSR and OSR were 59.6% and 67.9%. The diagnosis stage was negatively correlated with 10-year RSR. The 10-year RSR of patients treated with surgery was 71.3%, which was 6.6 times that of non-surgical treatment (10.8%). The 1-year RSR to 10-year RSR ranged from 88.4% to 67.5%. The RSR of each stage was Ⅰ-Ⅱ(95.7%-77.9%) > Ⅲ (71.4%-44.5%) > Ⅳ (58.4%-11.0%). Multivariate Cox model analysis showed that age > 55 years old, late diagnosis stage and non-surgical treatment were the main factors affecting the 10-year survival rate. Conclusion Early diagnosis and surgical treatment can significantly improve the long-term survival rate of patients. Therefore, we should strengthen the early detection and treatment of corpus uteri cancer, standardize and strengthen the screening program.

Objective To report a case of peroxisomal acyl⁃CoA oxidase (ACOX1) deficiency, which was caused by an unreported mutation of ACOX1 gene, and review its clinical characteristics. Methods and Results The male child patient suffered from neonatal hypotonia，developmental retardation and epilepsy seizure once since neonatal period. Neurodegeneration appeared at the age of 3 and developed rapidly to difficulty of sitting, standing and walking independently and retrogressive language expression ability. Physical examination showed special face, pyramidal tract sign and cerebellar signs. Cranial MRI revealed symmetric demyelinating lesions in bilateral brain stem and cerebellum along with increased serum very⁃long⁃chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). Whole exome sequencing revealed c. 1589A＞G (p. His530Arg) homozygous mutation in ACOX1 gene. His parents carried the same heterozygous mutation without symptoms and this phenomenon was in accord with co⁃segregation. According to the guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), we considered this new variation to be possibly pathogenic variation. Finally, the patient was diagnosed as ACOX1 deficiency. Conclusions As for patients who suffer from hypotonia, epilepsy seizure and growth retardation since neonatal period, they should be altered to ACOX1 deficiency if cranial MRI shows symmetrical abnormal foci in cerebellum and brain stem. Positive family history, increased VLCFAs level, and gene detection would be beneficial to definite diagnosis. doi:Peroxisomes; Acyl⁃CoA oxidase; Genes; Mutation10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.04.009

The machining precision and its consistency of turbine disk fir-tree slots have a direct influence on the performance of aero-engine rotor components. However, the structural dimensions of fir-tree slot are small, and the cutting performance of materials is extremely poor, which lead to great difficulty in machining and very few available machining methods. With the application of new materials in the aero-engines, the machining precision and quality requirements of fir-tree slots are further improved. Therefore, many research achievements on the high-efficiency, high-quality and low-cost machining technology of turbine disk fir-tree slots have been obtained. By summarizing and classifying the machining methods of aero-engine turbine disk fir-tree slots, a brief review on the characteristics of different methods are presented in detail, which provide a reference for selecting the appropriate machining method of turbine disk fir-tree slots in the field of aviation manufacturing. Meanwhile, combined with the research and application status of machining technology of turbine disk fir-tree slots, it is presented that multi-process compound machining is an effective method to realize high-efficiency, high-quality and low-cost precision machining of turbine disk fir-tree slots, such as wire electro discharge machining (wire-EDM) and profiled grinding, wire electrochemical machining (wire-ECM) and profiled grinding, wire-EDM and broaching, milling and broaching.

Long noncoding RNAs, which lack protein-coding capacity, regulate various biological processes through diverse molecular mechanisms. lincRNA-p21 is a tumor suppressor gene and related to p53. lincRNA-p21 regulates p53 through MDM2, ING1b, p21 and other targets, to participate in the regulation of cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis. lincRNA-p21 coordinates the Warburg effect through HIF-1α and participates in various biological functions. lincRNA-p21 is closely related to the prognosis and treatment of tumors. Therefore, lincRNA-p21 can be used as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. This paper reviews the recent progress in biological function of lincRNA-p21 and its mechanism in diseases.

Objective To analyze the incidence and characteristics of multiple myeloma in Shenyang from 2009 to 2014, and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of multiple myeloma. Methods The data of multiple myeloma cases in Shenyang Cancer Registry were collected and sorted, and the incidence rate, standardized incidence rate and composition ratio were calculated. Results The incidence of multiple myeloma in Shenyang from 2009 to 2014 was 1.70/100, 000, the standardization rate was 0.72/100, 000, ranking third in malignant tumors in the blood system; the incidence rate in the male was 1.88/100, 000, and the standardization rate was 0.76/100, 000; the incidence rate in the female was 1.53/100, 000, and the standardization rate was 0.69/100, 000. The incidence rate in the male was higher than that in the female. The median age of onset was 62 years old, and the tumor was mostly occurred in 50-79 years old, accounting for 84.57% of the total number of cases. In the past 6 years, the incidence rate in 2014 was 1.14 times that of 2009, and the incidence rate showed an upward trend (P < 0.01). The incidence rate increased rapidly from the age of 45, the highest incidence(7.22/100, 000) was found in the ≥70-year-old group. Conclusion The incidence of multiple myeloma in Shenyang is mainly in the middle-aged and elderly population. Although the incidence rate is not high, it shows an upward trend.

Titanium alloy Ti1023 is a typical difficult-to-cut material. Tool wear is easy to occur in machining Ti1023, which has a significant negative effect on surface integrity. Turning is one of the common methods to machine Ti1023 parts and machined surface integrity has a direct influence on the fatigue life of parts. To control surface integrity and improve anti-fatigue behavior of Ti1023 parts, it has an important significance to study the influence of tool wear on the surface integrity and fatigue life of Ti1023 in turning. Therefore, the effect of tool wear on the surface roughness, microhardness, residual stress, and plastic deformation layer of Ti1023 workpieces by turning and low-cycle fatigue tests were studied. Meanwhile, the influence mechanism of surface integrity on anti-fatigue behavior also was analyzed. The experimental results show that the change of surface roughness caused by worn tools has the most influence on anti-fatigue behavior when the tool wear VB is from 0.05 to 0.25 mm. On the other hand, the plastic deformation layer on the machined surface could properly improve the anti-fatigue behavior of specimens that were proved in the experiments. However, the higher surface roughness and significant surface defects on surface machined utilizing the worn tool with VB = 0.30 mm, which leads the anti-fatigue behavior of specimens to decrease sharply. Therefore, to ensure the anti-fatigue behavior of parts, the value of turning tool wear VB must be rigorously controlled under 0.30 mm during finishing machining of titanium alloy Ti1023.