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AIM: To investigate the involvement of pericyte-Müller glia interaction in retinal damage repair and assess the influence of suppressing the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) signaling pathway in retinal pericytes on photoreceptor loss and Müller glial response. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to intense light to induce retinal injury. Neutralizing antibody against PDGFRβ were deployed to block the signaling pathway in retinal pericytes through intravitreal injection. Retinal histology and Müller glial reaction were assessed following light injury. In vitro, normal and PDGFRβ-blocked retinal pericytes were cocultured with Müller cell line (rMC-1) to examine morphological and protein expression changes upon supplementation with light-injured supernatants of homogenized retinas (SHRs). RESULTS: PDGFRβ blockage 24h prior to intense light exposure resulted in a significant exacerbation of photoreceptor loss. The upregulation of GFAP and p-STAT3, observed after intense light exposure, was significantly inhibited in the PDGFRβ blockage group. Further upregulation of cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was also observed following PDGFRβ inhibition. In the in vitro coculture system, the addition of light-injured SHRs induced pericyte deformation and upregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, while Müller cells exhibited neuron-like morphology and expressed Nestin. However, PDGFRβ blockage in retinal pericytes abolished these cellular responses to light-induced damage, consistent with the in vivo PDGFRβ blockage findings. CONCLUSION: Pericyte-Müller glia interaction plays a potential role in the endogenous repair process of retinal injury. Impairment of this interaction exacerbates photoreceptor degeneration in light-induced retinal injury.

The human coronaviruses (HCoVs) HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1 are two recently discovered coronaviruses that circulate widely and are associated with acute respiratory infections (ARI). We detected HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1 in specimens collected from May 2008 to March 2010 from patients with ARI aged

A study was conducted on the diastereoselective propargylation of alpha-alkoxy aldehydes with propargyl bromide and zinc. The reactions were undertaken at room temperatures, no special safety measures were employed against air and moisture and the solvents were used minus purification. Propargylation still occured easily, proving their usefulness in the asymmetric syntheses of oxygenated acyclic natural products.

[Purpose/Significance] Accelerating the construction of digital rural areas is a strategic direction for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization, which plays an important role in promoting the modern basic living conditions in rural areas, improving the quality and efficiency of farmers' production and living, and achieving the development of urban-rural integration. In recent years, the construction of digital rural areas has been actively promoted in various regions, and a number of typical models are being explored and practised which has brought more digital dividends to rural residents. However, the regular characteristics of various practices have not been summarized in related research, resulting in poor promotion of best experience models and a lack of directional indicators for digital rural construction in different regions. This paper has summarized the regular characteristics and application mechanisms of diversified digital rural construction practices in China. The relevant conclusions would provide theoretical reference for promoting the construction of digital rural areas in different regions through classification. [Method/Process] Based on the perspective of structural elements and dynamic effects, this paper investigated four typical county-level digital rural construction models as research objects, namely Deqing County, Pukou District, Cao County, and Dianjiang County, in the national or provincial-level digital rural pilot county. Then, it used a multi-case analysis method to explore the regulatory characteristics of different types of digital rural construction models. [Results/Conclusions] The construction of digital rural areas in China mainly involves the integration of urban and rural areas, the integration of industry and city, the integration of point, line, and area, and the promotion of construction throughout the county. Influenced by factors such as the main functions of the construction, the requirements of the construction content, and the resource endowment, location, and transportation of the construction area, the internal and external thrust mechanisms of different construction models also exhibit different characteristics. In promoting the construction of digital rural areas in the future, different regions should fully consider the strength of the main functions of the construction, choose different construction mechanisms and content, so that digital rural areas can benefit more farmers, and help promote the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. However, there are some shortcomings in this paper, such as the lack of in-depth analysis on the role and functional positioning of farmers, different levels of government, and market subject as participants. More wisdom is needed to embed the operation and maintenance mechanism for the later stage of digital rural area construction in future research.