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A new alkaloid named methyl 2-(3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-5-yl)acetate (1), together with 24 known compounds, was isolated from the acetone extract of the fruiting bodies of Ramaria stricta. Their structures were elucidated on HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The nematocidal assay showed that three compounds, benzoic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzaldehyde, and 4-(hydroxy)benzylbenzoic acid, exhibited a certain activity against Panagrellus redivivus.

Two new compounds, named fusariumtrin A (1) and climacomontaninate D (2), together with eight known ones were isolated from the rice culture of the Fusarium sp. LGWB-7, an entomogenous fungus isolated from the Harmonia axyridis. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by the analysis of 1D and 2D spectroscopic data as well as mass spectrum (MS). Compound 10 showed cytotoxicity against K562, A549, SGC-7901, and Hela human tumor cell lines with IC50 values of 1.46, 13.97, 9.34, and 6.64 μM, respectively.

Two new compounds named epipaxilline (1) and penerpene J (2) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. KFD28. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined o...

Seven new quinazoline-containing indole alkaloids (1-7) named aspertoryadins A-G, along with nine known ones (8-16), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. HNMF114 from the bivalve mollusk Sanguinolaria chinensis. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated from spectroscopic data, X-ray diffraction analysis, ECD spectra analysis, and ECD calculations. Compound 1 bears an aminosulfonyl group in the structure, which is rarely encountered in natural products. Compounds 6, 7, and 13 exhibited quorum sensing inhibitory activity against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 with MIC values of 32, 32, and 16 μg/well, respectively.

Seven compounds were isolated from a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. ZF-79, including three new polyketides (1–3), named asperochrins D-F, along with four known compounds 4–7. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods. All the compounds were tested for quorum sensing inhibitory (QSI) activity. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 exhibited QSI activity against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 with MIC values of 50, 100, 50, 50, and 6.25 μM, respectively.

Four new indole-terpenoids (1–4) named encindolene A, 18-O-methyl-encindolene A, encindolene B, and encindolene C, as well as three known analogs (5–7), were isolated from the fungus Penicillium sp. HFF16 from the rhizosphere soil of Cynanchum bungei Decne. The structures of compounds including absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analysis. Anti-inflammatory activity evaluation revealed that compounds 1–7 inhibit the production of nitric oxide with IC50 values of 79.4, 49.7, 81.3, 40.2, 86.7, 90.1, and 54.4 μM, respectively, and decrease the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 contents in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophages.

By feeding tryptophan to the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. HNMF114 from the bivalve mollusk Sanguinolaria chinensis, 3 new quinazoline-containing indole alkaloids, named aspertoryadins H–J (1–3), along with 16 known ones (4–19), were obtained. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by the analysis of spectroscopic data combined with quantum chemical calculations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts and electron capture detector (ECD) spectra. Structurally, compound 3 represents the first example of this type of compound, bearing an amide group at C-3. Compounds 10 and 16 showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 7.18 and 5.29 μM, and compounds 13 and 14 showed a clear activation effect on the ryanodine receptor from Spodoptera frugiperda (sfRyR), which reduced the [Ca2+]ER by 37.1 and 36.2%, respectively.

Macrofungi Ganoderma is a valuable medicinal fungus resource for human health and longevity in China. In this study, ten undescribed compounds including seven lostane-type triterpenoids, ganodaustralic acids A ∼ G (1–7), one pair of meroterpenoid enantiomers, (−)-6′-O-ethyllingzhiol (8) and (+)-6′-O-ethyllingzhiol (9), and one polyhydroxylated sterol, 3-O-acetyl-fomentarol C (10), together with eight known compounds (11–18), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma australe. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis as well as NMR and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 4, 8, 9, and 12 showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values in the range of 4.1–11.7 μM, which were superior to that of positive control acarbose (213 μM). Only compound 7 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against SGC-7901 cells.

Chemical constituents were isolated and purified from fruiting bodies of Ganoderma calidophilum by various column chromatographic techniques, and their chemical structures were identified through combined analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data. As a result, 11 compounds were isolated and identified as(24E)-lanosta-8,24-dien-3,11-dione-26-al(1), ganoderone A(2), 3-oxo-15α-acetoxy-lanosta-7,9(11), 24-trien-26-oleic acid(3),(23E)-27-nor-lanosta-8,23-diene-3,7,25-trione(4), ganodecanone B(5), ganoderic aldehyde A(6), 11β-hydroxy-lucidadiol(7), 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone(8), methyl gentiate(9), ganoleucin C(10), ganotheaecolumol H(11). Among them, compound 1 is a new triterpenoid. The cytotoxic activities of all of the compounds against tumor cell lines were evaluated. The results showed that compounds 1, 3, 4 and 6 showed cytotoxic activity against BEL-7402, with IC_(50) values of 26.55, 11.35, 23.23, 18.66 μmol·L~(-1); compounds 1 and 3-6 showed cytotoxic activity against K562, with IC_(50) values of 5.79, 22.16, 12.16, 35.32, and 5.59 μmol·L~(-1), and compound 4 showed cytotoxic activity against A549, with IC_(50) value of 42.50 μmol·L~(-1).

Two new compounds named epipaxilline (

The metabolites of the genus Marasmius are diverse, showing good research prospects for finding new bioactive molecules. In order to explore the active metabolites of the fungi Marasmius berteroi, the deep chemical investigation on the bioactive compounds from its cultures was undertaken, which led to the isolation of three new naphthalene compounds dipolynaphthalenes A&ndash, B (1,2) and naphthone C (3), as well as 12 known compounds (4&ndash, 15). Compounds 1, 2, and 4 are dimeric naphthalene compounds. Their structures were elucidated by MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, as well as ECD calculations. Compounds 2&ndash, 4 and 7 exhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities at the concentration of 50 &mu, g/mL with inhibition ratios of 42.74%, 44.63%, 39.50% and 51.49%, respectively. Compounds 5 and 7,8 showed weak inhibitory activities towards two tumor cell lines, with IC50 of 0.10, 0.076 and 0.058 mM (K562) and 0.13, 0.18, and 0.15 mM (SGC-7901), respectively.

Twelve undescribed compounds including six phenanthrene derivatives (parviphenanthrines A-F), two stilbene derivatives (parvistilbines A-B), three esters (parviesters A-C), and one sesquiterpenoid (parvidiol A) were isolated from the roots of Stemona parviflora, together with twenty-two known ones. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated based on the analyses of their spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of parviphenanthrine A was determined by the quantum ECD calculations. Parviphenanthrines A and E, stemanthrene A, stilbostenin E, 4-hydroxy-benzenepropanol-α-benzoate, and (E)-4-hydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester showed nematocidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita with IC50 values of 14.02 ± 0.32, 2.51 ± 0.13, 17.10 ± 0.65, 2.05 ± 0.07, 4.22 ± 0.31, and 1.07 ± 0.05 μM, respectively.

A new nortriterpenoid, 26-nor-11,22-dioxolanost-8-en-3β,7β,15α-triol (1), was isolated from the EtOAc extract of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma philippii. Its structure was identified by spectroscopic techniques including 1D and 2D spectral data as well as MS. Compound 1 showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 482.7 μM.

A new cytochalasin derivative xylarisin B (1), together with four known compounds astropyrone (2), guaidiol (3), xylaropyrone B (4), and xylaropyrone C (5), were isolated from the fermentation broth of Xylaria sp. HNWSW-2. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data. Among them, compounds 2 and 3 at a concentration of 50 μg/ml showed weak inhibitory activity against AChE with inhibition rates of 10.4 and 12.9%, respectively. In addition, compound 2 also exhibited inhibitory activity against α-glycosidase with inhibition rate of 77.0% at a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml.

Streptococcus agalactiae is a hazardous pathogen that can cause great harm to humans and fish. In the present study, the known fungal metabolite helvolic acid (10), seven new helvolic acid derivatives named 16- O-deacetylhelvolic acid 21,16-lactone (2), 6- O-propionyl-6,16- O-dideacetylhelvolic acid 21,16-lactone (3), 1,2-dihydro-6,16- O-dideacetylhelvolic acid 21,16-lactone (4), 1,2-dihydro-16- O-deacetylhelvolic acid 21,16-lactone (5), 16- O-propionyl-16- O-deacetylhelvolic acid (6), 6- O-propionyl-6- O-deacetylhelvolic acid (7), and 24- epi-6β,16β-diacetoxy-25-hydroxy-3,7-dioxo-29-nordammara-1,17(20)-diene-21,24-lactone (9), and two known ones (1 and 8) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus fumigatus HNMF0047 obtained from an unidentified sponge from Wenchang Beach, Hainan Province, China. The structures and the absolute configurations of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopic analyses along with quantum ECD calculations. In addition, the spectroscopic data of compound 1 are reported here for the first time, the configuration of C-24 of known compound 8 was revised based on comparison of its ROESY data with its C-24 epimer 9, and the absolute configuration of 8 was also determined for the first time. Compounds 6, 7, and 10 showed stronger antibacterial activity than a tobramycin control against S. agalactiae with MIC values of 16, 2, and 8 μg/mL, respectively.

Seven new compounds, including four new chlorinated diphenyl ethers, namely chrysines A–D ( 1 – 4 ), one new dichlorinated xanthone, chrysoxanthone ( 5 ), dichloroorcinol ( 6 ), and one new benzeneacetic acid derivative, 3-isopentyl-4-hydroxy phenylacetic acid methyl ester ( 7 ), along with fourteen known compounds ( 8 – 21 ), were isolated from a deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium chrysogenum SCSIO 41001. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. All of the isolated compounds ( 1 − 21 ) were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity using PNPG method. Among them, nine compounds ( 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 13 , 17 , and 18 ) exhibited inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with IC 50 values of 0.35, 0.20, 0.04, 0.16, 0.15, 0.09, 0.14, 0.14, and 0.12 mM, respectively (IC 50 0.28 mM for the positive control acarbose).

Six previously undescribed uncommon ester-bonded dimeric compounds (aquilacrassnins A–F) containing a sesquiterpenoid and a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro -4H-chromone units were isolated from the EtOAc extract of agarwood originating from Aquilaria crassna. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic (NMR, UV, IR, MS, and ECD) methods. All the compounds were tested for AChE inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity against K562, BEL-7402, SGC-7901, Hela, and A549 tumor cell lines. The results showed that aquilacrassnin A, B, and E exhibited weak cytotoxicity against the five tested cell lines, whereas all the compounds were inactive against AChE.

Two new nortriterpenoids named daqingshones A (1) and B (2), along with two known ganderic acids (3 and 4), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma daqingshanense. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data including MS, 1D and 2D NMR. Compound 2 exhibited weak anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity with IC50 value of 39.2 μM.

Three new drimane-type sesquiterpenoids named xylariaines A–C (1–3), together with one known analogue (4), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of cultures of the fungus Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.: Fr.) Grer. Their structures were elucidated unambiguously by NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited weak anti-acetylcholinesterase activities at a concentration of 50 μg/mL with inhibition ratios of 12.4% and 18.0%, respectively.

Two new compounds, philippin (1) and 3β,9α,14α-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergost-22-en-7-one (2), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma philippii. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of the spectroscopic technologies, including 1D and 2D NMR as well as MS. The bioassay of inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) showed compound 1 exhibited weak inhibitory activity against AChE.

Three new dimeric 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones crassin I ∼ K (

Two new compounds named asperpenes D (

Five new perylenequinone derivatives, altertoxins VIII–XII (1–5), as well as one known compound cladosporol I (6), were isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine-derived fungus Cladosporium sp. KFD33 from a blood cockle from Haikou Bay, China. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods and ECD spectra analysis along with quantum ECD calculations. Compounds 1–6 exhibited quorum sensing inhibitory activities against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 with MIC values of 30, 30, 20, 30, 20 and 30 μg/well, respectively.

Five new perylenequinone derivatives, altertoxins VIII&ndash, XII (1&ndash, 5), as well as one known compound cladosporol I (6), were isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine-derived fungus Cladosporium sp. KFD33 from a blood cockle from Haikou Bay, China. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods and ECD spectra analysis along with quantum ECD calculations. Compounds 1&ndash, 6 exhibited quorum sensing inhibitory activities against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 with MIC values of 30, 30, 20, 30, 20 and 30 &mu, g/well, respectively.

Seven new quinazoline-containing indole alkaloids (

Seven compounds were isolated from a marine-derived fungus

Three new compounds named penicitor A, aculene E and penicitor B, as well as four known compounds, were isolated from the fermentation broth of Penicillium sp. SCS-KFD08 associated with a marine animal Sipunculus nudus from the Haikou bay of China. Their planar structures and absolute configurations were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic data, Mosher's method, CD spectrum analysis along with quantum ECD calculation. Among them, compounds 2-7 showed quorum sensing inhibitory activity against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, and could significantly reduce violacein production in N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) induced C. violaceum CV026 cultures at sub-inhibitory concentrations.

Five new compounds named penicillars A⿿E were isolated from the fermentation broth of Penicillium sp. SCS-KFD08 associated with the marine animal Sipunculus nudus from the Haikou bay of China. Their planar structures and absolute configurations were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic data, Mo2(OAc)4 induced CD spectrum analysis along with quantum ECD calculation. Among them, compounds 2 and 3, at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, showed weak inhibitory activity against AChE with inhibition rates of 19.5% and 21.3%, respectively.

The chemical investigation on the fruiting bodies of Amauroderma subresinosum led to the isolation of 10 compounds including 2 new ones named amaurosubresin (1) and erythro(23,24)-5α,6α-epoxyergosta-8-ene-7-one-3β,23-diol (2). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as MS. The bioassay of inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of two new isolates exhibited definite inhibitory activity.

Patchouli is a tropical medicinal and spice crop with high economic value, and the endophytic microorganism is also one of its important components and can provide new active compounds with medicinal use. In the present study, four new biphenyl compounds named 3-O-demethylaltenuisol (1), (−)-dialtenuisol (5) and (+)-dialtenuisol (6), and altertoxin VII (9), as well as six known related compounds, were isolated from the patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. PfuH1. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated from spectroscopic data, ECD spectra analysis, and ECD calculations. Compounds 5 and 6 are a pair of dimeric axially chiral enantiomers. Compounds 2, 4, and 9 showed antibacterial activities against S. agalactiae with MIC values of 9.3, 85.3, and 17.3 μg/mL, respectively, and compound 4 also showed weak antibacterial activity against E. coli with MIC value of 128 μg/mL.

Six new dimeric 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones (1-6) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of artificial agarwood originating from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Glig. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR), and HRESIMS analysis, as well as by comparison with the literature. The absolute configurations were determined by ECD spectra.

Chemical investigation on the cultures of the fungus Cordyceps spp., a strain from cell fusion between Cordyceps militaris and Cordyceps cicadae, resulted in the isolation of 13 compounds including 2 new ones named 2-(5-(3-oxobutyl) furan-2-yl) acetic acid (1) and cordycepone (2). Their structures were elucidated from the analysis of 1D/2D NMR and CD data. Among them, compounds 1, 7–9, at a concentration of 50 μg/ml, showed weak inhibitory activity against AChE. Moreover, compounds 6, 9, and 11 showed moderate inhibitory activity against the nematode Panagrellus redivivus with mortality ratio of 79.0, 71.7, and 72.3% at 2.5 mg/ml, respectively.

In order to study the chemical constituents of n-butanol fraction of ethanol extract from Chinese agarwood induced by artificial holing, various chromatographic techniques were carried out to isolate compounds, and the structures of compounds were determined through a combined analysis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic evidence. Seven compounds were obtained and identified as selina-3,11-dien-9,15-diol (1), aquilarone D (2), 5α,6β,7α,8β-tetrahydroxy-2-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone (3), 6,7-dimethoxy-2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (4), syringin (5), methyl (Z)-p-coumarate (6), and 4'-methoxycinnamic acid (7), among which compound 1 was a new compound and compounds 5-7 were isolated from agarwood for the first time. The bioactivity assay results concluded that compounds 6 and 7 showed certain nematicidal activity against Panagrellus redivivus, and compounds 4, 6 and 7 exhibited cytotoxicity against BEL-7402, SGC-7901 and A549 carcinoma cell lines.

To search for active anti-cancer constituents in the fruiting body of Ganoderma calidophilum, we have successfully isolated four previously undescribed spiro-lactone lanostane triterpenoids (spiroganocalitones A-D), two previously undescribed lanostanoids (ganodecalones A and B) together with twenty-three known ones. The structures of the six previously undescribed compounds were elucidated based on 1D, 2D-NMR, and HRMS analyses. Ganoderone A showed moderate cytotoxic activity against K562, BEL7402, and SGC790 cell lines with IC50 values of 7.62, 6.28, and 3.55 μM, respectively.

Six new meroterpenoids, chrodrimanins K–N (1–4), including two uncommon chlorinated ones (1 and 2), and verruculides B2 (5) and B3 (6), as well as seven known ones (7–13), were isolated from the fermentation broth of Penicillium sp. SCS-KFD09 isolated from a marine worm, Sipunculus nudus, from Haikou Bay, China. The structures including the absolute configurations of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic data, X-ray diffraction analysis, and ECD spectra analysis along with quantum ECD calculations. In addition, the X-ray crystal structures and absolute configurations of two previously reported meroterpenoids, chrodrimanins F (9) and A (11), are described for the first time. Compounds 1, 4, and 7 displayed anti-H1N1 activity with IC50 values of 74, 58, and 34 μM, respectively, while compound 5 showed weak inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC of 32 μg/mL.

Four new bi-phenylethylchromones ( 1 – 4 ) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of artificial agarwood induced by holing method originating from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. The structures of new compounds were unambiguously elucidated by one- and two-dimensional NMR and HRESIMS measurements, and the absolute configuration was determined by analysis of circular dichroism (CD) spectra. All compounds were tested for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity using modified Ellman's colorimetric method and α -glucosidase inhibitory activity using PNPG method. Compounds 2 – 4 exhibited different levels of inhibitory activity against AChE with the inhibition ratios in the range of 10–45%. However, none of the compounds was active against the α -glucosidase.

A new tetracyclic indole alkaloid, 17-O-methyl-3,4,5,6-tetradehydrogeissoschizine, together with seven known ones, were isolated from the aerial part of Uncaria rhynchophylla. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic methods and comparing with the literature data. Among them, compounds 1, 3, 4 and 6–8 showed potent to moderate antinematode activities against Panagrellus redivevus at a concentration of 250 μg/mL.

Eight new alkaloids, 3β-n-butylstemonamine (1), 8-oxo-3β-n-butylstemonamine (2), 3-n-butylneostemonine (3), 10-epi-3-n-butylneostemonine (4), 8-oxo-oxymaistemonine (5) protostemonine N4-oxide (6), (19S)-hydroxy-21-methoxystemofoline (7), and parvistemonine A (8), were isolated from the roots of Stemona parviflora, together with 17 known alkaloids. The structures of the new alkaloids were elucidated based on a comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis. The absolute configurations of 1–4 were determined by the ECD exciton chirality method and quantum ECD calculations. Protostemonine (10) and stemofoline (12) showed strong nematicidal activity against Panagrellus redivevus, with IC50 values of 0.10 and 0.46 μM, respectively.

Two new compounds, one flavanol dimer dapholosericol A (1) and one tigliane diterpene dapholosericin A (2), together with ten known ones, were isolated from the AcOEt extract of Daphne holosericea (Diels) Hamaya. Their structures were elucidated by their spectroscopic data analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate activities against acetylcholinesterase with inhibition ratio of 36% and 29% at a concentration of 100 μmol/l, respectively.