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1. HIVIS-DNA or HIVISopt-DNA priming followed by CMDR vaccinia-based boosts induce both humoral and cellular murine immune responses to HIV

Author: Hinkula, J, Petkov, S, Ljungberg, K, Hallengärd, D, Bråve, A, Isaguliants, M, Falkeborn, T, Sharma, S, Liakina, V, Robb, M, Eller, M, Moss, B, Biberfeld, G, Sandström, E, Nilsson, C, Markland, K, Blomberg, P, and Wahren, B
Published: 2017
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2. The present and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus infections with todayʼs treatment paradigm – volume 3

Author: Sibley, A., Han, K. H., Abourached, A., Lesmana, L. A., Makara, M., Jafri, W., Salupere, R., Assiri, A. M., Goldis, A., Abaalkhail, F., Abbas, Z., Abdou, A., Al Braiki, F., Al Hosani, F., Al Jaberi, K., Al Khatry, M., Al Mulla, M. A., Al Quraishi, H., Al Rifai, A., Al Serkal, Y., Alam, A., Alavian, S. M., Alashgar, H. I., Alawadhi, S., Al-Dabal, L., Aldins, P., Alfaleh, F. Z., Alghamdi, A. S., Al-Hakeem, R., Aljumah, A. A., Almessabi, A., Alqutub, A. N., Alswat, K. A., Altraif, I., Alzaabi, M., Andrea, N., Babatin, M. A., Baqir, A., Barakat, M. T., Bergmann, O. M., Bizri, A. R., Blach, S., Chaudhry, A., Choi, M. S., Diab, T., Djauzi, S., El Hassan, E. S., El Khoury, S., Estes, C., Fakhry, S., Farooqi, J. I., Fridjonsdottir, H., Gani, R. A., Ghafoor Khan, A., Gheorghe, L., Gottfredsson, M., Gregorcic, S., Gunter, J., Hajarizadeh, B., Hamid, S., Hasan, I., Hashim, A., Horvath, G., Hunyady, B., Husni, R., Jeruma, A., Jonasson, J. G., Karlsdottir, B., Kim, D. Y., Kim, Y. S., Koutoubi, Z., Liakina, V., Lim, Y. S., Löve, A., Maimets, M., Malekzadeh, R., Matičič, M., Memon, M. S., Merat, S., Mokhbat, J. E., Mourad, F. H., Muljono, D. H., Nawaz, A., Nugrahini, N., Olafsson, S., Priohutomo, S., Qureshi, H., Rassam, P., Razavi, H., Razavi-Shearer, D., Razavi-Shearer, K., Rozentale, B., Sadik, M., Saeed, K., Salamat, A., Sanai, F. M., Sanityoso Sulaiman, A., Sayegh, R. A., Sharara, A. I., Siddiq, M., Siddiqui, A. M., Sigmundsdottir, G., Sigurdardottir, B., Speiciene, D., Sulaiman, A., Sultan, M. A., Taha, M., Tanaka, J., Tarifi, H., Tayyab, G., Tolmane, I., Ud din, M., Umar, M., Valantinas, J., Videčnik-Zorman, J., Yaghi, C., Yunihastuti, E., Yusuf, M. A., Zuberi, B. F., and Schmelzer, J. D.
Published: 2015
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3. Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in select countries – volume 3

Author: Liakina, V., Hamid, S., Tanaka, J., Olafsson, S., Sharara, A. I., Alavian, S. M., Gheorghe, L., El Hassan, E. S., Abaalkhail, F., Abbas, Z., Abdou, A., Abourached, A., Al Braiki, F., Al Hosani, F., Al Jaberi, K., Al Khatry, M., Al Mulla, M. A., Al Quraishi, H., Al Rifai, A., Al Serkal, Y., Alam, A., Alashgar, H. I., Alawadhi, S., Al-Dabal, L., Aldins, P., Alfaleh, F. Z., Alghamdi, A. S., Al-Hakeem, R., Aljumah, A. A., Almessabi, A., Alqutub, A. N., Alswat, K. A., Altraif, I., Alzaabi, M., Andrea, N., Assiri, A. M., Babatin, M. A., Baqir, A., Barakat, M. T., Bergmann, O. M., Bizri, A. R., Blach, S., Chaudhry, A., Choi, M. S., Diab, T., Djauzi, S., El Khoury, S., Estes, C., Fakhry, S., Farooqi, J. I., Fridjonsdottir, H., Gani, R. A., Ghafoor Khan, A., Goldis, A., Gottfredsson, M., Gregorcic, S., Hajarizadeh, B., Han, K. H., Hasan, I., Hashim, A., Horvath, G., Hunyady, B., Husni, R., Jafri, W., Jeruma, A., Jonasson, J. G., Karlsdottir, B., Kim, D. Y., Kim, Y. S., Koutoubi, Z., Lesmana, L. A., Lim, Y. S., Löve, A., Maimets, M., Makara, M., Malekzadeh, R., Matičič, M., Memon, M. S., Merat, S., Mokhbat, J. E., Mourad, F. H., Muljono, D. H., Nawaz, A., Nugrahini, N., Priohutomo, S., Qureshi, H., Rassam, P., Razavi, H., Razavi-Shearer, D., Razavi-Shearer, K., Rozentale, B., Sadik, M., Saeed, K., Salamat, A., Salupere, R., Sanai, F. M., Sanityoso Sulaiman, A., Sayegh, R. A., Schmelzer, J. D., Sibley, A., Siddiq, M., Siddiqui, A. M., Sigmundsdottir, G., Sigurdardottir, B., Speiciene, D., Sulaiman, A., Sultan, M. A., Taha, M., Tarifi, H., Tayyab, G., Tolmane, I., Ud din, M., Umar, M., Valantinas, J., Videčnik-Zorman, J., Yaghi, C., Yunihastuti, E., Yusuf, M. A., Zuberi, B. F., and Gunter, J.
Published: 2015
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4. Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus infection disease burden – volume 3

Author: Alfaleh, F. Z., Nugrahini, N., Matičič, M., Tolmane, I., Alzaabi, M., Hajarizadeh, B., Valantinas, J., Kim, D. Y., Hunyady, B., Abaalkhail, F., Abbas, Z., Abdou, A., Abourached, A., Al Braiki, F., Al Hosani, F., Al Jaberi, K., Al Khatry, M., Al Mulla, M. A., Al Quraishi, H., Al Rifai, A., Al Serkal, Y., Alam, A., Alashgar, H. I., Alavian, S. M., Alawadhi, S., Al-Dabal, L., Aldins, P., Alghamdi, A. S., Al-Hakeem, R., Aljumah, A. A., Almessabi, A., Alqutub, A. N., Alswat, K. A., Altraif, I., Andrea, N., Assiri, A. M., Babatin, M. A., Baqir, A., Barakat, M. T., Bergmann, O. M., Bizri, A. R., Chaudhry, A., Choi, M. S., Diab, T., Djauzi, S., El Hassan, E. S., El Khoury, S., Estes, C., Fakhry, S., Farooqi, J. I., Fridjonsdottir, H., Gani, R. A., Ghafoor Khan, A., Gheorghe, L., Goldis, A., Gottfredsson, M., Gregorcic, S., Gunter, J., Hamid, S., Han, K. H., Hasan, I., Hashim, A., Horvath, G., Husni, R., Jafri, W., Jeruma, A., Jonasson, J. G., Karlsdottir, B., Kim, Y. S., Koutoubi, Z., Lesmana, L. A., Liakina, V., Lim, Y. S., Löve, A., Maimets, M., Makara, M., Malekzadeh, R., Memon, M. S., Merat, S., Mokhbat, J. E., Mourad, F. H., Muljono, D. H., Nawaz, A., Olafsson, S., Priohutomo, S., Qureshi, H., Rassam, P., Razavi, H., Razavi-Shearer, D., Razavi-Shearer, K., Rozentale, B., Sadik, M., Saeed, K., Salamat, A., Salupere, R., Sanai, F. M., Sanityoso Sulaiman, A., Sayegh, R. A., Schmelzer, J. D., Sharara, A. I., Sibley, A., Siddiq, M., Siddiqui, A. M., Sigmundsdottir, G., Sigurdardottir, B., Speiciene, D., Sulaiman, A., Sultan, M. A., Taha, M., Tanaka, J., Tarifi, H., Tayyab, G., Ud din, M., Umar, M., Videčnik-Zorman, J., Yaghi, C., Yunihastuti, E., Yusuf, M. A., Zuberi, B. F., and Blach, S.
Published: 2015
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5. The case for simplifying and using absolute targets for viral hepatitis elimination goals

Author: Razavi, H. Blach, S. Razavi-Shearer, D. Abaalkhail, F. Abbas, Z. Abdallah, A. Abrao Ferreira, P. Abu Raddad, L.J. Adda, D. Agarwal, K. Aghemo, A. Ahmed, A. Al-Busafi, S.A. Al-hamoudi, W. Al-Kaabi, S. Al-Romaihi, H. Aljarallah, B. AlNaamani, K. Alqahtani, S. Alswat, K. Altraif, I. Asselah, T. Bacon, B. Bessone, F. Bizri, A.R. Block, T. Bonino, F. Brandão-Mello, C.E. Brown, K. Bruggmann, P. Brunetto, M.R. Buti, M. Cabezas, J. Calleja, J.L. Castro Batänjer, E. Chan, H.L.-Y. Chang, H. Chen, C.-J. Christensen, P.B. Chuang, W.-L. Cisneros, L. Cohen, C. Colombo, M. Conway, B. Cooper, C. Craxi, A. Crespo, J. Croes, E. Cryer, D. Cupertino de Barros, F.P. Derbala, M. Dillon, J. Doss, W. Dou, X. Doyle, J. Duberg, A.-S. Dugan, E. Dunn, R. Dusheiko, G. El Khayat, H. El-Sayed, M.H. Eshraghian, A. Esmat, G. Esteban Mur, R. Ezzat, S. Falconer, K. Fassio, E. Ferrinho, P. Flamm, S. Flisiak, R. Foster, G. Fung, J. García-Samaniego, J. Gish, R.G. Gonçales, F. Halota, W. Hamoudi, W. Hassany, M. Hatzakis, A. Hay, S. Himatt, S. Hoepelman, I.M. Hsu, Y.-C. Hui, Y.T. Hunyady, B. Jacobson, I. Janjua, N. Janssen, H. Jarcuska, P. Kabagambe, K. Kanto, T. Kao, J.-H. Kaymakoglu, S. Kershenobich, D. Khamis, F. Kim, D.J. Kim, D.Y. Kondili, L.A. Kottilil, S. Kramvis, A. Kugelmas, M. Kurosaki, M. Lacombe, K. Lagging, M. Lao, W.-C. Lavanchy, D. Lazarus, J.V. Lee, A. Lee, S.S. Levy, M. Liakina, V. Lim, Y.-S. Liu, S. Maddrey, W. Malekzadeh, R. Marinho, R.T. Mathur, P. Maticic, M. Mendes Correa, M.C. Mera, J. Merat, S. Mogawer, S. Mohamed, R. Muellhaupt, B. Muljono, D. Mostafa, I. Nahum, M.S. Nawaz, A. Negro, F. Ninburg, M. Ning, Q. Ntiri- Reid, B. Nymadawa, P. Oevrehus, A. Ormeci, N. Orrego, M. Osman, A. Oyunsuren, T. Pan, C. Papaevangelou, V. Papatheodoridis, G. Popping, S. Prasad, P. Prithiviputh, R. Qureshi, H. Ramji, A. Razavi-Shearer, K. Reddy, R. Remak, W. Richter, C. Ridruejo, E. Robaeys, G. Roberts, S. Roberts, L. Roudot-Thoraval, F. Saab, S. Said, S. Salamat, A. Sanai, F. Sanchez-Avila, J.F. Schiff, E. Schinazi, R. Sebastiani, G. Seguin-Devaux, C. Shanmugam, R.P. Sharara, A. Shilton, S. Shouval, D. Sievert, W. Simonova, M. Sohrabpour, A.A. Sonderup, M. Soza, A. Wendy Spearman, C. Steinfurth, N. Sulkowski, M. Tan, S.-S. Tanaka, J. Tashi, D. Thein, H.-H. Thompson, P. Tolmane, I. Toy, M. Valantinas, J. Van de Vijver, D. Vélez-Möller, P. Vince, A. Waked, I. Wang, S. Wedemeyer, H. Wong, V. Xie, Q. Yamada, S. Yang, H.-I. Yesmembetov, K. Yilmaz, Y. Younossi, Z. Yu, M.-L. Yuen, M.-F. Yurdaydin, C. Yusuf, A. Zekry, A. Zeuzem, S. Polaris Observatory Collaborators
Subjects: digestive system diseases
Abstract: The 69th World Health Assembly endorsed the Global Health Sector Strategy for Viral Hepatitis, embracing a goal to eliminate hepatitis infection as a public health threat by 2030. This was followed by the World Health Organization's (WHO) global targets for the care and management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. These announcements and targets were important in raising awareness and calling for action; however, tracking countries’ progress towards these elimination goals has provided insights to the limitations of these targets. The existing targets compare a country's progress relative to its 2015 values, penalizing countries who started their programmes prior to 2015, countries with a young population, or countries with a low prevalence. We recommend that (1) WHO simplify the hepatitis elimination targets, (2) change to absolute targets and (3) allow countries to achieve these disease targets with their own service coverage initiatives that will have the maximum impact. The recommended targets are as follows: reduce HCV new chronic cases to ≤5 per 100 000, reduce HBV prevalence among 1-year-olds to ≤0.1%, reduce HBV and HCV mortality to ≤5 per 100 000, and demonstrate HBV and HCV year-to-year decrease in new HCV- and HBV-related HCC cases. The objective of our recommendations is not to lower expectations or diminish the hepatitis elimination standards, but to provide clearer targets that recognize the past and current elimination efforts by countries, help measure progress towards true elimination, and motivate other countries to follow suit. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Published: 2021

6. The case for simplifying and using absolute targets for viral hepatitis elimination goals.

Author: Razavi H., Blach S., Razavi-Shearer D., Abaalkhail F., Abbas Z., Abdallah A., Abrao Ferreira P., Abu Raddad L.J., Adda D., Agarwal K., Aghemo A., Ahmed A., Al-Busafi S.A., Al-hamoudi W., Al-Kaabi S., Al-Romaihi H., Aljarallah B., AlNaamani K., Alqahtani S., Alswat K., Altraif I., Asselah T., Bacon B., Bessone F., Bizri A.R., Block T., Bonino F., Brandao-Mello C.E., Brown K., Bruggmann P., Brunetto M.R., Buti M., Cabezas J., Calleja J.L., Castro Batanjer E., Chan H.L.-Y., Chang H., Chen C.-J., Christensen P.B., Chuang W.-L., Cisneros L., Cohen C., Colombo M., Conway B., Cooper C., Craxi A., Crespo J., Croes E., Cryer D., Cupertino de Barros F.P., Derbala M., Dillon J., Doss W., Dou X., Doyle J., Duberg A.-S., Dugan E., Dunn R., Dusheiko G., El Khayat H., El-Sayed M.H., Eshraghian A., Esmat G., Esteban Mur R., Ezzat S., Falconer K., Fassio E., Ferrinho P., Flamm S., Flisiak R., Foster G., Fung J., Garcia-Samaniego J., Gish R.G., Goncales F., Halota W., Hamoudi W., Hassany M., Hatzakis A., Hay S., Himatt S., Hoepelman I.M., Hsu Y.-C., Hui Y.T., Hunyady B., Jacobson I., Janjua N., Janssen H., Jarcuska P., Kabagambe K., Kanto T., Kao J.-H., Kaymakoglu S., Kershenobich D., Khamis F., Kim D.J., Kim D.Y., Kondili L.A., Kottilil S., Kramvis A., Kugelmas M., Kurosaki M., Lacombe K., Lagging M., Lao W.-C., Lavanchy D., Lazarus J.V., Lee A., Lee S.S., Levy M., Liakina V., Lim Y.-S., Liu S., Maddrey W., Malekzadeh R., Marinho R.T., Mathur P., Maticic M., Mendes Correa M.C., Mera J., Merat S., Mogawer S., Mohamed R., Muellhaupt B., Muljono D., Mostafa I., Nahum M.S., Nawaz A., Negro F., Ninburg M., Ning Q., Ntiri- Reid B., Nymadawa P., Oevrehus A., Ormeci N., Orrego M., Osman A., Oyunsuren T., Pan C., Papaevangelou V., Papatheodoridis G., Popping S., Prasad P., Prithiviputh R., Qureshi H., Ramji A., Razavi-Shearer K., Reddy R., Remak W., Richter C., Ridruejo E., Robaeys G., Roberts S., Roberts L., Roudot-Thoraval F., Saab S., Said S., Salamat A., Sanai F., Sanchez-Avila J.F., Schiff E., Schinazi R., Sebastiani G., Seguin-Devaux C., Shanmugam R.P., Sharara A., Shilton S., Shouval D., Sievert W., Simonova M., Sohrabpour A.A., Sonderup M., Soza A., Wendy Spearman C., Steinfurth N., Sulkowski M., Tan S.-S., Tanaka J., Tashi D., Thein H.-H., Thompson P., Tolmane I., Toy M., Valantinas J., Van de Vijver D., Velez-Moller P., Vince A., Waked I., Wang S., Wedemeyer H., Wong V., Xie Q., Yamada S., Yang H.-I., Yesmembetov K., Yilmaz Y., Younossi Z., Yu M.-L., Yuen M.-F., Yurdaydin C., Yusuf A., Zekry A., Zeuzem S., Razavi H., Blach S., Razavi-Shearer D., Abaalkhail F., Abbas Z., Abdallah A., Abrao Ferreira P., Abu Raddad L.J., Adda D., Agarwal K., Aghemo A., Ahmed A., Al-Busafi S.A., Al-hamoudi W., Al-Kaabi S., Al-Romaihi H., Aljarallah B., AlNaamani K., Alqahtani S., Alswat K., Altraif I., Asselah T., Bacon B., Bessone F., Bizri A.R., Block T., Bonino F., Brandao-Mello C.E., Brown K., Bruggmann P., Brunetto M.R., Buti M., Cabezas J., Calleja J.L., Castro Batanjer E., Chan H.L.-Y., Chang H., Chen C.-J., Christensen P.B., Chuang W.-L., Cisneros L., Cohen C., Colombo M., Conway B., Cooper C., Craxi A., Crespo J., Croes E., Cryer D., Cupertino de Barros F.P., Derbala M., Dillon J., Doss W., Dou X., Doyle J., Duberg A.-S., Dugan E., Dunn R., Dusheiko G., El Khayat H., El-Sayed M.H., Eshraghian A., Esmat G., Esteban Mur R., Ezzat S., Falconer K., Fassio E., Ferrinho P., Flamm S., Flisiak R., Foster G., Fung J., Garcia-Samaniego J., Gish R.G., Goncales F., Halota W., Hamoudi W., Hassany M., Hatzakis A., Hay S., Himatt S., Hoepelman I.M., Hsu Y.-C., Hui Y.T., Hunyady B., Jacobson I., Janjua N., Janssen H., Jarcuska P., Kabagambe K., Kanto T., Kao J.-H., Kaymakoglu S., Kershenobich D., Khamis F., Kim D.J., Kim D.Y., Kondili L.A., Kottilil S., Kramvis A., Kugelmas M., Kurosaki M., Lacombe K., Lagging M., Lao W.-C., Lavanchy D., Lazarus J.V., Lee A., Lee S.S., Levy M., Liakina V., Lim Y.-S., Liu S., Maddrey W., Malekzadeh R., Marinho R.T., Mathur P., Maticic M., Mendes Correa M.C., Mera J., Merat S., Mogawer S., Mohamed R., Muellhaupt B., Muljono D., Mostafa I., Nahum M.S., Nawaz A., Negro F., Ninburg M., Ning Q., Ntiri- Reid B., Nymadawa P., Oevrehus A., Ormeci N., Orrego M., Osman A., Oyunsuren T., Pan C., Papaevangelou V., Papatheodoridis G., Popping S., Prasad P., Prithiviputh R., Qureshi H., Ramji A., Razavi-Shearer K., Reddy R., Remak W., Richter C., Ridruejo E., Robaeys G., Roberts S., Roberts L., Roudot-Thoraval F., Saab S., Said S., Salamat A., Sanai F., Sanchez-Avila J.F., Schiff E., Schinazi R., Sebastiani G., Seguin-Devaux C., Shanmugam R.P., Sharara A., Shilton S., Shouval D., Sievert W., Simonova M., Sohrabpour A.A., Sonderup M., Soza A., Wendy Spearman C., Steinfurth N., Sulkowski M., Tan S.-S., Tanaka J., Tashi D., Thein H.-H., Thompson P., Tolmane I., Toy M., Valantinas J., Van de Vijver D., Velez-Moller P., Vince A., Waked I., Wang S., Wedemeyer H., Wong V., Xie Q., Yamada S., Yang H.-I., Yesmembetov K., Yilmaz Y., Younossi Z., Yu M.-L., Yuen M.-F., Yurdaydin C., Yusuf A., Zekry A., and Zeuzem S.
Abstract: The 69th World Health Assembly endorsed the Global Health Sector Strategy for Viral Hepatitis, embracing a goal to eliminate hepatitis infection as a public health threat by 2030. This was followed by the World Health Organization's (WHO) global targets for the care and management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. These announcements and targets were important in raising awareness and calling for action; however, tracking countries' progress towards these elimination goals has provided insights to the limitations of these targets. The existing targets compare a country's progress relative to its 2015 values, penalizing countries who started their programmes prior to 2015, countries with a young population, or countries with a low prevalence. We recommend that (1) WHO simplify the hepatitis elimination targets, (2) change to absolute targets and (3) allow countries to achieve these disease targets with their own service coverage initiatives that will have the maximum impact. The recommended targets are as follows: reduce HCV new chronic cases to <=5 per 100 000, reduce HBV prevalence among 1-year-olds to <=0.1%, reduce HBV and HCV mortality to <=5 per 100 000, and demonstrate HBV and HCV year-to-year decrease in new HCV- and HBV-related HCC cases. The objective of our recommendations is not to lower expectations or diminish the hepatitis elimination standards, but to provide clearer targets that recognize the past and current elimination efforts by countries, help measure progress towards true elimination, and motivate other countries to follow suit.Copyright © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Published: 2021

7. Association of primary biliary cirrhosis with variants in the CLEC16A, SOCS1, SPIB and SIAE immunomodulatory genes

Author: Hirschfield, G M, Xie, G, Lu, E, Sun, Y, Juran, B D, Chellappa, V, Coltescu, C, Mason, A L, Milkiewicz, P, Myers, R P, Odin, J A, Luketic, V A, Bacon, B, Bodenheimer, H, Liakina, V, Vincent, C, Levy, C, Pillai, S, Lazaridis, K N, Amos, C I, and Siminovitch, K A
Published: 2012
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8. Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study

Author: Razavi-Shearer, D. Gamkrelidze, I. Nguyen, M.H. Chen, D.-S. Van Damme, P. Abbas, Z. Abdulla, M. Abou Rached, A. Adda, D. Aho, I. Akarca, U. Al Ali, F.H. Lawati, F.A.L. Naamani, K.A.L. Alashgar, H.I. Alavian, S.M. Alawadhi, S. Albillos, A. Al-Busafi, S.A. Aleman, S. Alfaleh, F.Z. Aljumah, A.A. Anand, A.C. Anh, N.T. Arends, J.E. Arkkila, P. Athanasakis, K. Bane, A. Ben-Ari, Z. Berg, T. Bizri, A.R. Blach, S. Brandão Mello, C.E. Brandon, S.M. Bright, B. Bruggmann, P. Brunetto, M. Buti, M. Chan, H.L.Y. Chaudhry, A. Chien, R.-N. Choi, M.S. Christensen, P.B. Chuang, W.-L. Chulanov, V. Clausen, M.R. Colombo, M. Cornberg, M. Cowie, B. Craxi, A. Croes, E.A. Cuellar, D.A. Cunningham, C. Desalegn, H. Drazilova, S. Duberg, A.-S. Egeonu, S.S. El-Sayed, M.H. Estes, C. Falconer, K. Ferraz, M.L.G. Ferreira, P.R. Flisiak, R. Frankova, S. Gaeta, G.B. García-Samaniego, J. Genov, J. Gerstoft, J. Goldis, A. Gountas, I. Gray, R. Guimarães Pessôa, M. Hajarizadeh, B. Hatzakis, A. Hézode, C. Himatt, S.M. Hoepelman, A. Hrstic, I. Hui, Y.-T.T. Husa, P. Jahis, R. Janjua, N.Z. Jarcuka, P. Jaroszewicz, J. Kaymakoglu, S. Kershenobich, D. Kondili, L.A. Konysbekova, A. Krajden, M. Kristian, P. Laleman, W. Lao, W.-C.C. Layden, J. Lazarus, J.V. Lee, M.-H. Liakina, V. Lim, Y.-S.S. Loo, C.-K.K. Lukic, B. Malekzadeh, R. Malu, A.O. Mamatkulov, A. Manns, M. Marinho, R.T. Maticic, M. Mauss, S. Memon, M.S. Mendes Correa, M.C. Mendez-Sanchez, N. Merat, S. Metwally, A.M. Mohamed, R. Mokhbat, J.E. Moreno, C. Mossong, J. Mourad, F.H. Müllhaupt, B. Murphy, K. Musabaev, E. Nawaz, A. Nde, H.M. Negro, F. Nersesov, A. Nguyen, V.T.T. Njouom, R. Ntagirabiri, R. Nurmatov, Z. Obekpa, S. Ocama, P. Oguche, S. Omede, O. Omuemu, C. Opare-Sem, O. Opio, C.K. Örmeci, N. Papatheodoridis, G. Pasini, K. Pimenov, N. Poustchi, H. Quang, T.D. Qureshi, H. Ramji, A. Razavi-Shearer, K. Redae, B. Reesink, H.W. Rios, C.Y. Rjaskova, G. Robbins, S. Roberts, L.R. Roberts, S.K. Ryder, S.D. Safadi, R. Sagalova, O. Salupere, R. Sanai, F.M. Sanchez-Avila, J.F. Saraswat, V. Sarrazin, C. Schmelzer, J.D. Schréter, I. Scott, J. Seguin-Devaux, C. Shah, S.R. Sharara, A.I. Sharma, M. Shiha, G.E. Shin, T. Sievert, W. Sperl, J. Stärkel, P. Stedman, C. Sypsa, V. Tacke, F. Tan, S.S. Tanaka, J. Tomasiewicz, K. Urbanek, P. van der Meer, A.J. Van Vlierberghe, H. Vella, S. Vince, A. Waheed, Y. Waked, I. Walsh, N. Weis, N. Wong, V.W. Woodring, J. Yaghi, C. Yang, H.-I. Yang, C.-L. Yesmembetov, K. Yosry, A. Yuen, M.-F. Yusuf, M.A.M. Zeuzem, S. Razavi, H. The Polaris Observatory Collaborators
Abstract: Background: The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030. Although no virological cure exists for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, existing therapies to control viral replication and prophylaxis to minimise mother-to-child transmission make elimination of HBV feasible. We aimed to estimate the national, regional, and global prevalence of HBsAg in the general population and in the population aged 5 years in 2016, as well as coverage of prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment. Methods: In this modelling study, we used a Delphi process that included a literature review in PubMed and Embase, followed by interviews with experts, to quantify the historical epidemiology of HBV infection. We then used a dynamic HBV transmission and progression model to estimate the country-level and regional-level prevalence of HBsAg in 2016 and the effect of prophylaxis and treatment on disease burden. Findings: We developed models for 120 countries, 78 of which were populated with data approved by experts. Using these models, we estimated that the global prevalence of HBsAg in 2016 was 3·9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·4–4·6), corresponding to 291 992 000 (251 513 000–341 114 000) infections. Of these infections, around 29 million (10%) were diagnosed, and only 4·8 million (5%) of 94 million individuals eligible for treatment actually received antiviral therapy. Around 1·8 (1·6–2·2) million infections were in children aged 5 years, with a prevalence of 1·4% (1·2–1·6). We estimated that 87% of infants had received the three-dose HBV vaccination in the first year of life, 46% had received timely birth-dose vaccination, and 13% had received hepatitis B immunoglobulin along with the full vaccination regimen. Less than 1% of mothers with a high viral load had received antiviral therapy to reduce mother-to-child transmission. Interpretation: Our estimate of HBV prevalence in 2016 differs from previous studies, potentially because we took into account the effect of infant prophylaxis and early childhood vaccination, as well as changing prevalence over time. Although some regions are well on their way to meeting prophylaxis and prevalence targets, all regions must substantially scale-up access to diagnosis and treatment to meet the global targets. Funding: John C Martin Foundation. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
Published: 2018

9. Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study.

Author: Falconer K., Ormeci N., Papatheodoridis G., Pasini K., Pimenov N., Poustchi H., Quang T.D., Qureshi H., Ramji A., Razavi-Shearer K., Redae B., Reesink H.W., Rios C.Y., Rjaskova G., Robbins S., Roberts L.R., Roberts S.K., Ryder S.D., Safadi R., Sagalova O., Salupere R., Sanai F.M., Sanchez-Avila J.F., Saraswat V., Sarrazin C., Schmelzer J.D., Schreter I., Scott J., Seguin-Devaux C., Shah S.R., Sharara A.I., Sharma M., Shiha G.E., Shin T., Sperl J., Starkel P., Stedman C., Sypsa V., Tacke F., Tan S.S., Tanaka J., Tomasiewicz K., Urbanek P., van der Meer A.J., Van Vlierberghe H., Vella S., Vince A., Waheed Y., Waked I., Walsh N., Weis N., Wong V.W., Woodring J., Yaghi C., Yang H.-I., Yang C.-L., Yesmembetov K., Yosry A., Yuen M.-F., Yusuf M.A.M., Zeuzem S., Razavi H., Sievert W., Razavi-Shearer D., Gamkrelidze I., Nguyen M.H., Chen D.-S., Van Damme P., Abbas Z., Abdulla M., Abou Rached A., Adda D., Aho I., Akarca U., Al Ali F.H., Lawati F.A.L., Naamani K.A.L., Alashgar H.I., Alavian S.M., Alawadhi S., Albillos A., Al-Busafi S.A., Aleman S., Alfaleh F.Z., Aljumah A.A., Anand A.C., Anh N.T., Arends J.E., Arkkila P., Athanasakis K., Bane A., Ben-Ari Z., Berg T., Bizri A.R., Blach S., Brandao Mello C.E., Brandon S.M., Bright B., Bruggmann P., Brunetto M., Buti M., Chan H.L.Y., Chaudhry A., Chien R.-N., Choi M.S., Christensen P.B., Chuang W.-L., Chulanov V., Clausen M.R., Colombo M., Cornberg M., Cowie B., Craxi A., Croes E.A., Cuellar D.A., Cunningham C., Desalegn H., Drazilova S., Duberg A.-S., Egeonu S.S., El-Sayed M.H., Estes C., Ferraz M.L.G., Ferreira P.R., Flisiak R., Frankova S., Gaeta G.B., Garcia-Samaniego J., Genov J., Gerstoft J., Goldis A., Gountas I., Gray R., Guimaraes Pessoa M., Hajarizadeh B., Hatzakis A., Hezode C., Himatt S.M., Hoepelman A., Hrstic I., Hui Y.-T.T., Husa P., Jahis R., Janjua N.Z., Jarcuka P., Jaroszewicz J., Kaymakoglu S., Kershenobich D., Kondili L.A., Konysbekova A., Krajden M., Kristian P., Laleman W., Lao W.-C.C., Layden J., Lazarus J.V., Lee M.-H., Liakina V., Lim Y.-S.S., Loo C.-K.K., Lukic B., Malekzadeh R., Malu A.O., Mamatkulov A., Manns M., Marinho R.T., Maticic M., Mauss S., Memon M.S., Mendes Correa M.C., Mendez-Sanchez N., Merat S., Metwally A.M., Mohamed R., Mokhbat J.E., Moreno C., Mossong J., Mourad F.H., Mullhaupt B., Murphy K., Musabaev E., Nawaz A., Nde H.M., Negro F., Nersesov A., Nguyen V.T.T., Njouom R., Ntagirabiri R., Nurmatov Z., Obekpa S., Ocama P., Oguche S., Omede O., Omuemu C., Opare-Sem O., Opio C.K., Falconer K., Ormeci N., Papatheodoridis G., Pasini K., Pimenov N., Poustchi H., Quang T.D., Qureshi H., Ramji A., Razavi-Shearer K., Redae B., Reesink H.W., Rios C.Y., Rjaskova G., Robbins S., Roberts L.R., Roberts S.K., Ryder S.D., Safadi R., Sagalova O., Salupere R., Sanai F.M., Sanchez-Avila J.F., Saraswat V., Sarrazin C., Schmelzer J.D., Schreter I., Scott J., Seguin-Devaux C., Shah S.R., Sharara A.I., Sharma M., Shiha G.E., Shin T., Sperl J., Starkel P., Stedman C., Sypsa V., Tacke F., Tan S.S., Tanaka J., Tomasiewicz K., Urbanek P., van der Meer A.J., Van Vlierberghe H., Vella S., Vince A., Waheed Y., Waked I., Walsh N., Weis N., Wong V.W., Woodring J., Yaghi C., Yang H.-I., Yang C.-L., Yesmembetov K., Yosry A., Yuen M.-F., Yusuf M.A.M., Zeuzem S., Razavi H., Sievert W., Razavi-Shearer D., Gamkrelidze I., Nguyen M.H., Chen D.-S., Van Damme P., Abbas Z., Abdulla M., Abou Rached A., Adda D., Aho I., Akarca U., Al Ali F.H., Lawati F.A.L., Naamani K.A.L., Alashgar H.I., Alavian S.M., Alawadhi S., Albillos A., Al-Busafi S.A., Aleman S., Alfaleh F.Z., Aljumah A.A., Anand A.C., Anh N.T., Arends J.E., Arkkila P., Athanasakis K., Bane A., Ben-Ari Z., Berg T., Bizri A.R., Blach S., Brandao Mello C.E., Brandon S.M., Bright B., Bruggmann P., Brunetto M., Buti M., Chan H.L.Y., Chaudhry A., Chien R.-N., Choi M.S., Christensen P.B., Chuang W.-L., Chulanov V., Clausen M.R., Colombo M., Cornberg M., Cowie B., Craxi A., Croes E.A., Cuellar D.A., Cunningham C., Desalegn H., Drazilova S., Duberg A.-S., Egeonu S.S., El-Sayed M.H., Estes C., Ferraz M.L.G., Ferreira P.R., Flisiak R., Frankova S., Gaeta G.B., Garcia-Samaniego J., Genov J., Gerstoft J., Goldis A., Gountas I., Gray R., Guimaraes Pessoa M., Hajarizadeh B., Hatzakis A., Hezode C., Himatt S.M., Hoepelman A., Hrstic I., Hui Y.-T.T., Husa P., Jahis R., Janjua N.Z., Jarcuka P., Jaroszewicz J., Kaymakoglu S., Kershenobich D., Kondili L.A., Konysbekova A., Krajden M., Kristian P., Laleman W., Lao W.-C.C., Layden J., Lazarus J.V., Lee M.-H., Liakina V., Lim Y.-S.S., Loo C.-K.K., Lukic B., Malekzadeh R., Malu A.O., Mamatkulov A., Manns M., Marinho R.T., Maticic M., Mauss S., Memon M.S., Mendes Correa M.C., Mendez-Sanchez N., Merat S., Metwally A.M., Mohamed R., Mokhbat J.E., Moreno C., Mossong J., Mourad F.H., Mullhaupt B., Murphy K., Musabaev E., Nawaz A., Nde H.M., Negro F., Nersesov A., Nguyen V.T.T., Njouom R., Ntagirabiri R., Nurmatov Z., Obekpa S., Ocama P., Oguche S., Omede O., Omuemu C., Opare-Sem O., and Opio C.K.
Abstract: Background: The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030. Although no virological cure exists for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, existing therapies to control viral replication and prophylaxis to minimise mother-to-child transmission make elimination of HBV feasible. We aimed to estimate the national, regional, and global prevalence of HBsAg in the general population and in the population aged 5 years in 2016, as well as coverage of prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment. Method(s): In this modelling study, we used a Delphi process that included a literature review in PubMed and Embase, followed by interviews with experts, to quantify the historical epidemiology of HBV infection. We then used a dynamic HBV transmission and progression model to estimate the country-level and regional-level prevalence of HBsAg in 2016 and the effect of prophylaxis and treatment on disease burden. Finding(s): We developed models for 120 countries, 78 of which were populated with data approved by experts. Using these models, we estimated that the global prevalence of HBsAg in 2016 was 3.9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3.4-4.6), corresponding to 291 992 000 (251 513 000-341 114 000) infections. Of these infections, around 29 million (10%) were diagnosed, and only 4.8 million (5%) of 94 million individuals eligible for treatment actually received antiviral therapy. Around 1.8 (1.6-2.2) million infections were in children aged 5 years, with a prevalence of 1.4% (1.2-1.6). We estimated that 87% of infants had received the three-dose HBV vaccination in the first year of life, 46% had received timely birth-dose vaccination, and 13% had received hepatitis B immunoglobulin along with the full vaccination regimen. Less than 1% of mothers with a high viral load had received antiviral therapy to reduce mother-to-child transmission. Interpretation(s): Our estimate of HBV prevalence in 2016 differs from previous studies, potentia
Published: 2018

10. Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: A modelling study

Author: Blach, S. Zeuzem, S. Manns, M. Altraif, I. Duberg, A.-S. Muljono, D.H. Waked, I. Alavian, S.M. Lee, M.-H. Negro, F. Abaalkhail, F. Abdou, A. Abdulla, M. Abou Rached, A. Aho, I. Akarca, U. Al Ghazzawi, I. Al Kaabi, S. Al Lawati, F. Al Namaani, K. Al Serkal, Y. Al-Busafi, S.A. Al-Dabal, L. Aleman, S. Alghamdi, A.S. Aljumah, A.A. Al-Romaihi, H.E. Andersson, M.I. Arendt, V. Arkkila, P. Assiri, A.M. Baatarkhuu, O. Bane, A. Ben-Ari, Z. Bergin, C. Bessone, F. Bihl, F. Bizri, A.R. Blachier, M. Blasco, A.J. Brandao Mello, C.E. Bruggmann, P. Brunton, C.R. Calinas, F. Chan, H.L.Y. Chaudhry, A. Cheinquer, H. Chen, C.-J. Chien, R.-N. Choi, M.S. Christensen, P.B. Chuang, W.-L. Chulanov, V. Cisneros, L. Clausen, M.R. Cramp, M.E. Craxi, A. Croes, E.A. Dalgard, O. Daruich, J.R. De Ledinghen, V. Dore, G.J. El-Sayed, M.H. Ergor, G. Esmat, G. Estes, C. Falconer, K. Farag, E. Ferraz, M.L.G. Ferreira, P.R. Flisiak, R. Frankova, S. Gamkrelidze, I. Gane, E. Garcia-Samaniego, J. Khan, A.G. Gountas, I. Goldis, A. Gottfredsson, M. Grebely, J. Gschwantler, M. Guimaraes Pessoa, M. Gunter, J. Hajarizadeh, B. Hajelssedig, O. Hamid, S. Hamoudi, W. Hatzakis, A. Himatt, S.M. Hofer, H. Hrstic, I. Hui, Y.-T. Hunyady, B. Idilman, R. Jafri, W. Jahis, R. Janjua, N.Z. Jarčuška, P. Jeruma, A. Jonasson, J.G. Kamel, Y. Kao, J.-H. Kaymakoglu, S. Kershenobich, D. Khamis, J. Kim, Y.S. Kondili, L. Koutoubi, Z. Krajden, M. Krarup, H. Lai, M.-S. Laleman, W. Lao, W.-C. Lavanchy, D. Lazaro, P. Leleu, H. Lesi, O. Lesmana, L.A. Li, M. Liakina, V. Lim, Y.-S. Luksic, B. Mahomed, A. Maimets, M. Makara, M. Malu, A.O. Marinho, R.T. Marotta, P. Mauss, S. Memon, M.S. Mendes Correa, M.C. Mendez-Sanchez, N. Merat, S. Metwally, A.M. Mohamed, R. Moreno, C. Mourad, F.H. Mullhaupt, B. Murphy, K. Nde, H. Njouom, R. Nonkovic, D. Norris, S. Obekpa, S. Oguche, S. Olafsson, S. Oltman, M. Omede, O. Omuemu, C. Opare-Sem, O. Ovrehus, A.L.H. Owusu-Ofori, S. Oyunsuren, T.S. Papatheodoridis, G. Pasini, K. Peltekian, K.M. Phillips, R.O. Pimenov, N. Poustchi, H. Prabdial-Sing, N. Qureshi, H. Ramji, A. Razavi-Shearer, D. Razavi-Shearer, K. Redae, B. Reesink, H.W. Ridruejo, E. Robbins, S. Roberts, L.R. Roberts, S.K. Rosenberg, W.M. Roudot-Thoraval, F. Ryder, S.D. Safadi, R. Sagalova, O. Salupere, R. Sanai, F.M. Sanchez Avila, J.F. Saraswat, V. Sarmento-Castro, R. Sarrazin, C. Schmelzer, J.D. Schreter, I. Seguin-Devaux, C. Shah, S.R. Sharara, A.I. Sharma, M. Shevaldin, A. Shiha, G.E. Sievert, W. Sonderup, M. Souliotis, K. Speiciene, D. Sperl, J. Starkel, P. Stauber, R.E. Stedman, C. Struck, D. Su, T.-H. Sypsa, V. Tan, S.-S. Tanaka, J. Thompson, A.J. Tolmane, I. Tomasiewicz, K. Valantinas, J. Van Damme, P. Van Der Meer, A.J. Van Thiel, I. Van Vlierberghe, H. Vince, A. Vogel, W. Wedemeyer, H. Weis, N. Wong, V.W.S. Yaghi, C. Yosry, A. Yuen, M.-F. Yunihastuti, E. Yusuf, A. Zuckerman, E. Razavi, H. The Polaris Observatory HCV Collaborators
Abstract: Background The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, which can become a reality with the recent launch of direct acting antiviral therapies. Reliable disease burden estimates are required for national strategies. This analysis estimates the global prevalence of viraemic HCV at the end of 2015, an update of—and expansion on—the 2014 analysis, which reported 80 million (95% CI 64–103) viraemic infections in 2013. Methods We developed country-level disease burden models following a systematic review of HCV prevalence (number of studies, n=6754) and genotype (n=11 342) studies published after 2013. A Delphi process was used to gain country expert consensus and validate inputs. Published estimates alone were used for countries where expert panel meetings could not be scheduled. Global prevalence was estimated using regional averages for countries without data. Findings Models were built for 100 countries, 59 of which were approved by country experts, with the remaining 41 estimated using published data alone. The remaining countries had insufficient data to create a model. The global prevalence of viraemic HCV is estimated to be 1·0% (95% uncertainty interval 0·8–1·1) in 2015, corresponding to 71·1 million (62·5–79·4) viraemic infections. Genotypes 1 and 3 were the most common cause of infections (44% and 25%, respectively). Interpretation The global estimate of viraemic infections is lower than previous estimates, largely due to more recent (lower) prevalence estimates in Africa. Additionally, increased mortality due to liver-related causes and an ageing population may have contributed to a reduction in infections. Funding John C Martin Foundation. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Published: 2017

11. Hepatitis C virus prevalence and level of intervention required to achieve the WHO targets for elimination in the European Union by 2030: a modelling study

Author: Razavi, H. Robbins, S. Zeuzem, S. Negro, F. Buti, M. Duberg, A. Roudot-Thoraval, F. Craxi, A. Manns, M. Marinho, R.T. Hunyady, B. Colombo, M. Aleman, S. Antonov, K. Arkkila, P. Athanasakis, K. Blach, S. Blachier, M. Blasco, A.J. Calinas, F. Calleja, J.L. Christensen, P.B. Cramp, M.E. Croes, E. de Knegt, R.J. de Ledinghen, V. Delile, J.-M. Estes, C. Falconer, K. Färkkilä, M. Flisiak, R. Frankova, S. Gamkrelidze, I. García-Samaniego, J. Genov, J. Gerstoft, J. Gheorghe, L. Goldis, A. Gountas, I. Gregorčič, S. Gschwantler, M. Gunter, J. Halota, W. Harcouet, L. Hézode, C. Hoffmann, P. Horvath, G. Hrstic, I. Jarčuška, P. Jelev, D. Jeruma, A. Kåberg, M. Kieran, J. Kondili, L.A. Kotzev, I. Krarup, H. Kristian, P. Lagging, M. Laleman, W. Lázaro, P. Liakina, V. Lukšić, B. Maimets, M. Makara, M. Mateva, L. Maticic, M. Mennini, F.S. Mitova, R. Moreno, C. Mossong, J. Murphy, K. Nde, H. Nemecek, V. Nonkovic, D. Norris, S. Oltman, M. Øvrehus, A.L.H. Papatheodoridis, G. Pasini, K. Razavi-Shearer, D. Razavi-Shearer, K. Reesink, H.W. Reic, T. Rozentale, B. Ryder, S.D. Salupere, R. Sarmento-Castro, R. Sarrazin, C. Schmelzer, J.D. Schréter, I. Seguin-Devaux, C. Simojoki, K. Simonova, M. Smit, P.J. Souliotis, K. Speiciene, D. Sperl, J. Stärkel, P. Struck, D. Sypsa, V. Thornton, L. Tolmane, I. Tomasiewicz, K. Valantinas, J. Van Damme, P. van de Vijver, D. van der Meer, A.J. van Santen, D. Van Vlierberghe, H. Vandijck, D. Vella, S. Videčnik-Zorman, J. Vogel, W. Weis, N. Hatzakis, A. The European Union HCV Collaborators
Abstract: Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the European Union (EU), treatment and cure of HCV with direct-acting antiviral therapies began in 2014. WHO targets are to achieve a 65% reduction in liver-related deaths, a 90% reduction of new viral hepatitis infections, and 90% of patients with viral hepatitis infections being diagnosed by 2030. This study assessed the prevalence of HCV in the EU and the level of intervention required to achieve WHO targets for HCV elimination. Methods We populated country Markov models for the 28 EU countries through a literature search of PubMed and Embase between Jan 1, 2000, and March 31, 2016, and a Delphi process to gain expert consensus and validate inputs. We aggregated country models to create a regional EU model. We used the EU model to forecast HCV disease progression (considering the effect of immigration) and developed a strategy to acehive WHO targets. We used weighted average sustained viral response rates and fibrosis restrictions to model the effect of current therapeutic guidelines. We used the EU model to forecast HCV disease progression (considering the effect of immigration) under current screening and therapeutic guidelines. Additionally, we back-calculated the total number of patients needing to be screened and treated to achieve WHO targets. Findings We estimated the number of viraemic HCV infections in 2015 to be 3 238 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2 106 000–3 795 000) of a total population of 509 868 000 in the EU, equating to a prevalence of viraemic HCV of 0·64% (95% UI 0·41–0·74). We estimated that 1 180 000 (95% UI 1 003 000–1 357 000) people were diagnosed with viraemia (36·4%), 150 000 (12 000–180 000) were treated (4·6% of the total infected population or 12·7% of the diagnosed population), 133 000 (106 000–160 000) were cured (4·1%), and 57 900 (43 900–67 300) were newly infected (1·8%) in 2015. Additionally, 30 400 (26 600–42 500) HCV-positive immigrants entered the EU. To achieve WHO targets, unrestricted treatment needs to increase from 150 000 patients in 2015 to 187 000 patients in 2025 and diagnosis needs to increase from 88 800 new cases annually in 2015 to 180 000 in 2025. Interpretation Given its advanced health-care infrastructure, the EU is uniquely poised to eliminate HCV; however, expansion of screening programmes is essential to increase treatment to achieve the WHO targets. A united effort, grounded in sound epidemiological evidence, will also be necessary. Funding Gilead Sciences. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Published: 2017

12. Immunochip analyses identify a novel risk locus for primary biliary cirrhosis at 13q14, multiple independent associations at four established risk loci and epistasis between 1p31 and 7q32 risk variants

Author: Juran BD, Hirschfield GM, Invernizzi P, Atkinson EJ, Li Y, Xie G, Kosoy R, Ransom M, Sun Y, Bianchi I, Schlicht EM, Lleo A, Coltescu C, Bernuzzi F, Podda M, Lammert C, Shigeta R, Chan LL, Balschun T, Marconi M, Cusi D, Heathcote EJ, Mason AL, Myers RP, Milkiewicz P, Odin JA, Luketic VA, Bacon BR, Bodenheimer HC Jr, Liakina V, Vincent C, Levy C, Franke A, Gregersen PK, Bossa F, Gershwin ME, deAndrade M, Amos CI, Italian PBC Genetics Study Group, Lazaridis KN, Seldin MF, Siminovitch KA, Almasio PL, Alvaro D, Andriulli A, Barlassina C, Battezzati PM, Benedetti A, Bragazzi M, Brunetto M, Bruno S, Caliari L, Casella G, Civardi F, Coco B, Colli A, Colombo M, Colombo S, Cursaro C, Crocè LS, Crosignani A, Donato F, Fabris L, Ferrari C, Floreani A, Fontana R, Galli A, Grattagliano I, Lazzari R, Macaluso F, Malinverno F, Marra F, Marzioni M, Mascia E, Mattalia A, Montanari R, Morini L, Morisco F, Niro GA, Picciotto A, Portincasa P, Prati D, Rosina F, Rossi S, Selmi C, Spinzi G, Strazzabosco M, Tarallo S, Tiribelli C, Toniutto P, Vinci M, Zuin M., ANDREONE, PIETRO, MURATORI, LUIGI, MURATORI, PAOLO, Juran BD, Hirschfield GM, Invernizzi P, Atkinson EJ, Li Y, Xie G, Kosoy R, Ransom M, Sun Y, Bianchi I, Schlicht EM, Lleo A, Coltescu C, Bernuzzi F, Podda M, Lammert C, Shigeta R, Chan LL, Balschun T, Marconi M, Cusi D, Heathcote EJ, Mason AL, Myers RP, Milkiewicz P, Odin JA, Luketic VA, Bacon BR, Bodenheimer HC Jr, Liakina V, Vincent C, Levy C, Franke A, Gregersen PK, Bossa F, Gershwin ME, deAndrade M, Amos CI, Italian PBC Genetics Study Group, Lazaridis KN, Seldin MF, Siminovitch KA, Almasio PL, Alvaro D, Andreone P, Andriulli A, Barlassina C, Battezzati PM, Benedetti A, Bragazzi M, Brunetto M, Bruno S, Caliari L, Casella G, Civardi F, Coco B, Colli A, Colombo M, Colombo S, Cursaro C, Crocè LS, Crosignani A, Donato F, Fabris L, Ferrari C, Floreani A, Fontana R, Galli A, Grattagliano I, Lazzari R, Macaluso F, Malinverno F, Marra F, Marzioni M, Mascia E, Mattalia A, Montanari R, Morini L, Morisco F, Muratori L, Muratori P, Niro GA, Picciotto A, Portincasa P, Prati D, Rosina F, Rossi S, Selmi C, Spinzi G, Strazzabosco M, Tarallo S, Tiribelli C, Toniutto P, Vinci M, Zuin M., Juran, Bd, Hirschfield, Gm, Invernizzi, P, Atkinson, Ej, Li, Y, Xie, G, Kosoy, R, Ransom, M, Sun, Y, Bianchi, I, Schlicht, Em, Lleo, A, Coltescu, C, Bernuzzi, F, Podda, M, Lammert, C, Shigeta, R, Chan, Ll, Balschun, T, Marconi, M, Cusi, D, Heathcote, Ej, Mason, Al, Myers, Rp, Milkiewicz, P, Odin, Ja, Luketic, Va, Bacon, Br, Bodenheimer HC, Jr, Liakina, V, Vincent, C, Levy, C, Franke, A, Gregersen, Pk, Bossa, F, Gershwin, Me, Deandrade, M, Amos, Ci, Lazaridis, Kn, Seldin, Mf, Siminovitch, Ka, Morisco, Filomena, Italian PBC Genetics Study, Group, Juran, B, Hirschfield, G, Atkinson, E, Schlicht, E, Chan, L, Heathcote, E, Mason, A, Myers, R, Odin, J, Luketic, V, Bacon, B, Bodenheimer, H, Gregersen, P, Gershwin, M, Amos, C, Italian PBC Genetics Study, G, Lazaridis, K, Seldin, M, Siminovitch, K, Almasio, P, Alvaro, D, Andreone, P, Andriulli, A, Barlassina, C, Battezzati, P, Benedetti, A, Bragazzi, M, Brunetto, M, Bruno, S, Caliari, L, Casella, G, Civardi, F, Coco, B, Colli, A, Colombo, M, Colombo, S, Cursaro, C, Crocè, L, Crosignani, A, Donato, F, Fabris, L, Ferrari, C, Floreani, A, Fontana, R, Galli, A, Grattagliano, I, Lazzari, R, Macaluso, F, Malinverno, F, Marra, F, Marzioni, M, Mascia, E, Mattalia, A, Montanari, R, Morini, L, Morisco, F, Muratori, L, Muratori, P, Niro, G, Picciotto, A, Portincasa, P, Prati, D, Rosina, F, Rossi, S, Selmi, C, Spinzi, G, Strazzabosco, M, Tarallo, S, Tiribelli, C, Toniutto, P, Vinci, M, Zuin, M, Almasio, Pl, Battezzati, Pm, Croce', Saveria, Niro, Ga, Tiribelli, Claudio, and Zuin, M.
Subjects: MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA, PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS, PBC, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene Frequency, MED/12 - GASTROENTEROLOGIA, HLA Antigens, REGULATORY T-CELLS, RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS, VITAMIN-D, Genetics (clinical), Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Genetics, CLASSICAL HLA ALLELES, 0303 health sciences, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, PBC, HLA alleles, Association Studies Articles, CELIAC-DISEASE, General Medicine, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI, GENETIC RISK, 3. Good health, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7, GENETIC ANALYSES, Genotype, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Locus (genetics), Human leukocyte antigen, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, SNP, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Allele, Molecular Biology, Allele frequency, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13, Haplotype, Epistasis, Genetic, Genetic Loci, Case-Control Studies, Imputation (genetics)
Abstract: To further characterize the genetic basis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), we genotyped 2426 PBC patients and 5731 unaffected controls from three independent cohorts using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array (Immunochip) enriched for autoimmune disease risk loci. Meta-analysis of the genotype data sets identified a novel disease-associated locus near the TNFSF11 gene at 13q14, provided evidence for association at six additional immune-related loci not previously implicated in PBC and confirmed associations at 19 of 22 established risk loci. Results of conditional analyses also provided evidence for multiple independent association signals at four risk loci, with haplotype analyses suggesting independent SNP effects at the 2q32 and 16p13 loci, but complex haplotype driven effects at the 3q25 and 6p21 loci. By imputing classical HLA alleles from this data set, four class II alleles independently contributing to the association signal from this region were identified. Imputation of genotypes at the non-HLA loci also provided additional associations, but none with stronger effects than the genotyped variants. An epistatic interaction between the IL12RB2 risk locus at 1p31and the IRF5 risk locus at 7q32 was also identified and suggests a complementary effect of these loci in predisposing to disease. These data expand the repertoire of genes with potential roles in PBC pathogenesis that need to be explored by follow-up biological studies.
Published: 2012

13. HIVIS-DNA or HIVISopt-DNA priming followed by CMDR vaccinia-based boosts induce both humoral and cellular murine immune responses to HIV.

Author: Hinkula, Jorma, Petkov, S, Ljungberg, K, Hallengärd, D, Bråve, A, Isaguliants, M, Falkeborn, Tina, Sharma, Sumit, Liakina, V, Robb, M, Eller, M, Moss, B, Biberfeld, G, Sandström, E, Nilsson, C, Markland, K, Blomberg, P, Wahren, B, Hinkula, Jorma, Petkov, S, Ljungberg, K, Hallengärd, D, Bråve, A, Isaguliants, M, Falkeborn, Tina, Sharma, Sumit, Liakina, V, Robb, M, Eller, M, Moss, B, Biberfeld, G, Sandström, E, Nilsson, C, Markland, K, Blomberg, P, and Wahren, B
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to develop a more effective prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine it is important optimize the components, improve Envelope glycoprotein immunogenicity as well as to explore prime-boost immunization schedules. It is also valuable to include several HIV-1 subtype antigens representing the world-wide epidemic. METHODS: HIVIS-DNA plasmids which include Env genes of subtypes A, B and C together with Gag subtypes A and B and RTmut/Rev of subtype B were modified as follows: the Envelope sequences were shortened, codon optimized, provided with an FT4 sequence and an immunodominant region mutated. The reverse transcriptase (RT) gene was shortened to contain the most immunogenic N-terminal fragment and fused with an inactivated viral protease vPR gene. HIVISopt-DNA thus contains fewer plasmids but additional PR epitopes compared to the native HIVIS-DNA. DNA components were delivered intradermally to young Balb/c mice once, using a needle-free Biojector® immediately followed by dermal electroporation. Vaccinia-based MVA-CMDR boosts including Env gene E and Gag-RT genes A were delivered intramuscularly by needle, once or twice. RESULTS: Both HIVIS-DNA and HIVISopt-DNA primed humoral and cell mediated responses well. When boosted with heterologous MVA-CMDR (subtypes A and E) virus inhibitory neutralizing antibodies were obtained to HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C and AE. Both plasmid compositions boosted with MVA-CMDR generated HIV-1 specific cellular responses directed against HIV-1 Env, Gag and Pol, as measured by IFNγ ELISpot. It was shown that DNA priming augmented the vector MVA immunological boosting effects, the HIVISopt-DNA with a trend to improved (Env) neutralization, the HIVIS-DNA with a trend to better (Gag) cell mediated immune reponses. CONCLUSIONS: HIVIS-DNA was modified to obtain HIVISopt-DNA that had fewer plasmids, and additional epitopes. Even with one DNA prime followed by two MVA-CMDR boosts, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were readily induced
Published: 2017
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14. Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: A modelling study.

Author: Farag E., De Ledinghen V., Dore G.J., Papatheodoridis G., Pasini K., Peltekian K.M., Phillips R.O., Pimenov N., Poustchi H., Prabdial-Sing N., Qureshi H., Ramji A., Razavi-Shearer D., Razavi-Shearer K., Redae B., Reesink H.W., Ridruejo E., Robbins S., Roberts L.R., Roberts S.K., Rosenberg W.M., Roudot-Thoraval F., Ryder S.D., Safadi R., Sagalova O., Salupere R., Sanai F.M., Sanchez Avila J.F., Saraswat V., Sarmento-Castro R., Sarrazin C., Schmelzer J.D., Schreter I., Seguin-Devaux C., Shah S.R., Sharara A.I., Sharma M., Shevaldin A., Shiha G.E., Sonderup M., Souliotis K., Speiciene D., Sperl J., Starkel P., Stauber R.E., Stedman C., Struck D., Su T.-H., Sypsa V., Tan S.-S., Tanaka J., Thompson A.J., Tolmane I., Tomasiewicz K., Valantinas J., Van Damme P., Van Der Meer A.J., Van Thiel I., Van Vlierberghe H., Vince A., Vogel W., Wedemeyer H., Weis N., Wong V.W.S., Yaghi C., Yosry A., Yuen M.-F., Yunihastuti E., Yusuf A., Zuckerman E., Razavi H., Sievert W., Blach S., Zeuzem S., Manns M., Altraif I., Duberg A.-S., Muljono D.H., Waked I., Alavian S.M., Lee M.-H., Negro F., Abaalkhail F., Abdou A., Abdulla M., Abou Rached A., Aho I., Akarca U., Al Ghazzawi I., Al Kaabi S., Al Lawati F., Al Namaani K., Al Serkal Y., Al-Busafi S.A., Al-Dabal L., Aleman S., Alghamdi A.S., Aljumah A.A., Al-Romaihi H.E., Andersson M.I., Arendt V., Arkkila P., Assiri A.M., Baatarkhuu O., Bane A., Ben-Ari Z., Bergin C., Bessone F., Bihl F., Bizri A.R., Blachier M., Blasco A.J., Brandao Mello C.E., Bruggmann P., Brunton C.R., Calinas F., Chan H.L.Y., Chaudhry A., Cheinquer H., Chen C.-J., Chien R.-N., Choi M.S., Christensen P.B., Chuang W.-L., Chulanov V., Cisneros L., Clausen M.R., Cramp M.E., Craxi A., Croes E.A., Dalgard O., Daruich J.R., El-Sayed M.H., Ergor G., Esmat G., Estes C., Falconer K., Ferraz M.L.G., Ferreira P.R., Flisiak R., Frankova S., Gamkrelidze I., Gane E., Garcia-Samaniego J., Khan A.G., Gountas I., Goldis A., Gottfredsson M., Grebely J., Gschwantler M., Guimaraes Pessoa M., Gunter J., Hajarizadeh B., Hajelssedig O., Hamid S., Hamoudi W., Hatzakis A., Himatt S.M., Hofer H., Hrstic I., Hui Y.-T., Hunyady B., Idilman R., Jafri W., Jahis R., Janjua N.Z., Jarcuska P., Jeruma A., Jonasson J.G., Kamel Y., Kao J.-H., Kaymakoglu S., Kershenobich D., Khamis J., Kim Y.S., Kondili L., Koutoubi Z., Krajden M., Krarup H., Lai M.-S., Laleman W., Lao W.-C., Lavanchy D., Lazaro P., Leleu H., Lesi O., Lesmana L.A., Li M., Liakina V., Lim Y.-S., Luksic B., Mahomed A., Maimets M., Makara M., Malu A.O., Marinho R.T., Marotta P., Mauss S., Memon M.S., Mendes Correa M.C., Mendez-Sanchez N., Merat S., Metwally A.M., Mohamed R., Moreno C., Mourad F.H., Mullhaupt B., Murphy K., Nde H., Njouom R., Nonkovic D., Norris S., Obekpa S., Oguche S., Olafsson S., Oltman M., Omede O., Omuemu C., Opare-Sem O., Ovrehus A.L.H., Owusu-Ofori S., Oyunsuren T.S., Farag E., De Ledinghen V., Dore G.J., Papatheodoridis G., Pasini K., Peltekian K.M., Phillips R.O., Pimenov N., Poustchi H., Prabdial-Sing N., Qureshi H., Ramji A., Razavi-Shearer D., Razavi-Shearer K., Redae B., Reesink H.W., Ridruejo E., Robbins S., Roberts L.R., Roberts S.K., Rosenberg W.M., Roudot-Thoraval F., Ryder S.D., Safadi R., Sagalova O., Salupere R., Sanai F.M., Sanchez Avila J.F., Saraswat V., Sarmento-Castro R., Sarrazin C., Schmelzer J.D., Schreter I., Seguin-Devaux C., Shah S.R., Sharara A.I., Sharma M., Shevaldin A., Shiha G.E., Sonderup M., Souliotis K., Speiciene D., Sperl J., Starkel P., Stauber R.E., Stedman C., Struck D., Su T.-H., Sypsa V., Tan S.-S., Tanaka J., Thompson A.J., Tolmane I., Tomasiewicz K., Valantinas J., Van Damme P., Van Der Meer A.J., Van Thiel I., Van Vlierberghe H., Vince A., Vogel W., Wedemeyer H., Weis N., Wong V.W.S., Yaghi C., Yosry A., Yuen M.-F., Yunihastuti E., Yusuf A., Zuckerman E., Razavi H., Sievert W., Blach S., Zeuzem S., Manns M., Altraif I., Duberg A.-S., Muljono D.H., Waked I., Alavian S.M., Lee M.-H., Negro F., Abaalkhail F., Abdou A., Abdulla M., Abou Rached A., Aho I., Akarca U., Al Ghazzawi I., Al Kaabi S., Al Lawati F., Al Namaani K., Al Serkal Y., Al-Busafi S.A., Al-Dabal L., Aleman S., Alghamdi A.S., Aljumah A.A., Al-Romaihi H.E., Andersson M.I., Arendt V., Arkkila P., Assiri A.M., Baatarkhuu O., Bane A., Ben-Ari Z., Bergin C., Bessone F., Bihl F., Bizri A.R., Blachier M., Blasco A.J., Brandao Mello C.E., Bruggmann P., Brunton C.R., Calinas F., Chan H.L.Y., Chaudhry A., Cheinquer H., Chen C.-J., Chien R.-N., Choi M.S., Christensen P.B., Chuang W.-L., Chulanov V., Cisneros L., Clausen M.R., Cramp M.E., Craxi A., Croes E.A., Dalgard O., Daruich J.R., El-Sayed M.H., Ergor G., Esmat G., Estes C., Falconer K., Ferraz M.L.G., Ferreira P.R., Flisiak R., Frankova S., Gamkrelidze I., Gane E., Garcia-Samaniego J., Khan A.G., Gountas I., Goldis A., Gottfredsson M., Grebely J., Gschwantler M., Guimaraes Pessoa M., Gunter J., Hajarizadeh B., Hajelssedig O., Hamid S., Hamoudi W., Hatzakis A., Himatt S.M., Hofer H., Hrstic I., Hui Y.-T., Hunyady B., Idilman R., Jafri W., Jahis R., Janjua N.Z., Jarcuska P., Jeruma A., Jonasson J.G., Kamel Y., Kao J.-H., Kaymakoglu S., Kershenobich D., Khamis J., Kim Y.S., Kondili L., Koutoubi Z., Krajden M., Krarup H., Lai M.-S., Laleman W., Lao W.-C., Lavanchy D., Lazaro P., Leleu H., Lesi O., Lesmana L.A., Li M., Liakina V., Lim Y.-S., Luksic B., Mahomed A., Maimets M., Makara M., Malu A.O., Marinho R.T., Marotta P., Mauss S., Memon M.S., Mendes Correa M.C., Mendez-Sanchez N., Merat S., Metwally A.M., Mohamed R., Moreno C., Mourad F.H., Mullhaupt B., Murphy K., Nde H., Njouom R., Nonkovic D., Norris S., Obekpa S., Oguche S., Olafsson S., Oltman M., Omede O., Omuemu C., Opare-Sem O., Ovrehus A.L.H., Owusu-Ofori S., and Oyunsuren T.S.
Abstract: Background The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, which can become a reality with the recent launch of direct acting antiviral therapies. Reliable disease burden estimates are required for national strategies. This analysis estimates the global prevalence of viraemic HCV at the end of 2015, an update of-and expansion on-the 2014 analysis, which reported 80 million (95% CI 64-103) viraemic infections in 2013. Methods We developed country-level disease burden models following a systematic review of HCV prevalence (number of studies, n=6754) and genotype (n=11 342) studies published after 2013. A Delphi process was used to gain country expert consensus and validate inputs. Published estimates alone were used for countries where expert panel meetings could not be scheduled. Global prevalence was estimated using regional averages for countries without data. Findings Models were built for 100 countries, 59 of which were approved by country experts, with the remaining 41 estimated using published data alone. The remaining countries had insufficient data to create a model. The global prevalence of viraemic HCV is estimated to be 1.0% (95% uncertainty interval 0.8-1.1) in 2015, corresponding to 71.1 million (62.5-79.4) viraemic infections. Genotypes 1 and 3 were the most common cause of infections (44% and 25%, respectively). Interpretation The global estimate of viraemic infections is lower than previous estimates, largely due to more recent (lower) prevalence estimates in Africa. Additionally, increased mortality due to liver-related causes and an ageing population may have contributed to a reduction in infections. Funding John C Martin Foundation.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Published: 2017

15. Expression Levels of the Uridine-Cytidine Kinase Like-1 Protein As a Novel Prognostic Factor for Hepatitis C VirusAssociated Hepatocellular Carcinomas

Author: Buivydiene, A., primary, Liakina, V., additional, Valantinas, J., additional, Norkuniene, J., additional, Mockiene, E., additional, Jokubauskiene, S., additional, Smaliukiene, R., additional, Jancoriene, L., additional, Kovalevska, L., additional, and Kashuba, E., additional
Published: 2017
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16. International genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new primary biliary cirrhosis risk loci and targetable pathogenic pathways

Author: Cordell, HJ, Han, Y, Mells, GF, Li, Y, Hirschfield, GM, Greene, CS, Xie, G, Juran, BD, Zhu, D, Qian, DC, Floyd, JAB, Morley, KI, Prati, D, Lleo, A, Cusi, D, Gershwin, ME, Anderson, CA, Lazaridis, KN, Invernizzi, P, Seldin, MF, Sandford, RN, Amos, CI, Siminovitch, KA, Schlicht, EM, Lammert, C, Atkinson, EJ, Chan, LL, De Andrade, M, Balschun, T, Mason, AL, Myers, RP, Zhang, J, Milkiewicz, P, Qu, J, Odin, JA, Luketic, VA, Bacon, BR, Bodenheimer, HC, Liakina, V, Vincent, C, Levy, C, Gregersen, PK, Almasio, PL, Alvaro, D, Andreone, P, Andriulli, A, Barlassina, C, Battezzati, PM, Benedetti, A, Bernuzzi, F, Bianchi, I, Bragazzi, MC, Brunetto, M, Bruno, S, Casella, G, Coco, B, Colli, A, Colombo, M, Colombo, S, Cursaro, C, Crocè, LS, Crosignani, A, Donato, MF, Elia, G, Fabris, L, Ferrari, C, Floreani, A, Foglieni, B, Fontana, R, Galli, A, Lazzari, R, Macaluso, F, Malinverno, F, Marra, F, Marzioni, M, Mattalia, A, Montanari, R, Morini, L, Morisco, F, Mousa Hani, S, Muratori, L, Muratori, P, Niro, GA, Palmieri, VO, Picciotto, A, Podda, M, Portincasa, P, Ronca, V, Rosina, F, Rossi, S, Sogno, I, Spinzi, G, and Spreafico, M
Subjects: MD Multidisciplinary
Abstract: © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery data sets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4,261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined
Published: 2015

17. International genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new primary biliary cirrhosis risk loci and targetable pathogenic pathways

Author: Cordell, H, Han, Y, Mells, G, Li, Y, Hirschfield, G, Greene, C, Xie, G, Juran, B, Zhu, D, Qian, D, Floyd, J, Morley, K, Prati, D, Lleo, A, Cusi, D, Gershwin, M, Anderson, C, Lazaridis, K, Invernizzi, P, Seldin, M, Sandford, R, Amos, C, Siminovitch, K, Schlicht, E, Lammert, C, Atkinson, E, Chan, L, De Andrade, M, Balschun, T, Mason, A, Myers, R, Zhang, J, Milkiewicz, P, Qu, J, Odin, J, Luketic, V, Bacon, B, Bodenheimer, H, Liakina, V, Vincent, C, Levy, C, Gregersen, P, Almasio, P, Alvaro, D, Andreone, P, Andriulli, A, Barlassina, C, Battezzati, P, Benedetti, A, Bernuzzi, F, Bianchi, I, Bragazzi, M, Brunetto, M, Bruno, S, Casella, G, Coco, B, Colli, A, Colombo, M, Colombo, S, Cursaro, C, Crocè, L, Crosignani, A, Donato, M, Elia, G, Fabris, L, Ferrari, C, Floreani, A, Foglieni, B, Fontana, R, Galli, A, Lazzari, R, Macaluso, F, Malinverno, F, Marra, F, Marzioni, M, Mattalia, A, Montanari, R, Morini, L, Morisco, F, Mousa Hani, S, Muratori, L, Muratori, P, Niro, G, Palmieri, V, Picciotto, A, Podda, M, Portincasa, P, Ronca, V, Rosina, F, Rossi, S, Sogno, I, Spinzi, G, Spreafico, M, Strazzabosco, M, Tarallo, S, Tarocchi, M, Tiribelli, C, Toniutto, P, Vinci, M, Zuin, M, Ch'Ng, C, Rahman, M, Yapp, T, Sturgess, R, Healey, C, Czajkowski, M, Gunasekera, A, Gyawali, P, Premchand, P, Kapur, K, Marley, R, Foster, G, Watson, A, Dias, A, Subhani, J, Harvey, R, Mccorry, R, Ramanaden, D, Gasem, J, Evans, R, Mathialahan, T, Shorrock, C, Lipscomb, G, Southern, P, Tibble, J, Gorard, D, Palegwala, A, Jones, S, Carbone, M, Dawwas, M, Alexander, G, Dolwani, S, Prince, M, Foxton, M, Elphick, D, Mitchison, H, Gooding, I, Karmo, M, Saksena, S, Mendall, M, Patel, M, Ede, R, Austin, A, Sayer, J, Hankey, L, Hovell, C, Fisher, N, Carter, M, Koss, K, Piotrowicz, A, Grimley, C, Neal, D, Lim, G, Levi, S, Ala, A, Broad, A, Saeed, A, Wood, G, Brown, J, Wilkinson, M, Gordon, H, Ramage, J, Ridpath, J, Ngatchu, T, Grover, B, Shaukat, S, Shidrawi, R, Abouda, G, Ali, F, Rees, I, Salam, I, Narain, M, Brown, A, Taylor Robinson, S, Williams, S, Grellier, L, Banim, P, Das, D, Chilton, A, Heneghan, M, Curtis, H, Gess, M, Drake, I, Aldersley, M, Davies, M, Jones, R, Mcnair, A, Srirajaskanthan, R, Pitcher, M, Sen, S, Bird, G, Barnardo, A, Kitchen, P, Yoong, K, Chirag, O, Sivaramakrishnan, N, Macfaul, G, Jones, D, Shah, A, Evans, C, Saha, S, Pollock, K, Bramley, P, Mukhopadhya, A, Fraser, A, Mills, P, Shallcross, C, Campbell, S, Bathgate, A, Shepherd, A, Dillon, J, Rushbrook, S, Przemioslo, R, Macdonald, C, Metcalf, J, Shmueli, U, Davis, A, Naqvi, A, Lee, T, Stephen, D, Collier, J, Klass, H, Ninkovic, M, Cramp, M, Sharer, N, Aspinall, R, Goggin, P, Ghosh, D, Douds, A, Hoeroldt, B, Booth, J, Williams, E, Hussaini, H, Stableforth, W, Ayres, R, Thorburn, D, Marshall, E, Burroughs, A, Mann, S, Lombard, M, Richardson, P, Patanwala, I, Maltby, J, Brookes, M, Mathew, R, Vyas, S, Singhal, S, Gleeson, D, Misra, S, Butterworth, J, George, K, Harding, T, Douglass, A, Panter, S, Shearman, J, Bray, G, Butcher, G, Forton, D, Mclindon, J, Cowan, M, Whatley, G, Mandal, A, Gupta, H, Sanghi, P, Jain, S, Pereira, S, Prasad, G, Watts, G, Wright, M, Neuberger, J, Gordon, F, Unitt, E, Grant, A, Delahooke, T, Higham, A, Brind, A, Cox, M, Ramakrishnan, S, King, A, Collins, C, Whalley, S, Li, A, Fraser, J, Bell, A, Wong, V, Singhal, A, Gee, I, Ang, Y, Ransford, R, Gotto, J, Millson, C, Bowles, J, Thomas, C, Harrison, M, Galaska, R, Kendall, J, Whiteman, J, Lawlor, C, Gray, C, Elliott, K, Mulvaney Jones, C, Hobson, L, Van Duyvenvoorde, G, Loftus, A, Seward, K, Penn, R, Maiden, J, Damant, R, Hails, J, Cloudsdale, R, Silvestre, V, Glenn, S, Dungca, E, Wheatley, N, Doyle, H, Kent, M, Hamilton, C, Braim, D, Wooldridge, H, Abrahams, R, Paton, A, Lancaster, N, Gibbins, A, Hogben, K, Desousa, P, Muscariu, F, Musselwhite, J, Mckay, A, Tan, L, Foale, C, Brighton, J, Flahive, K, Nambela, E, Townshend, P, Ford, C, Holder, S, Palmer, C, Featherstone, J, Nasseri, M, Sadeghian, J, Williams, B, Rolls, S, Hynes, A, Duggan, C, Crossey, M, Stansfield, G, Macnicol, C, Wilkins, J, Wilhelmsen, E, Raymode, P, Lee, H, Durant, E, Bishop, R, Ncube, N, Tripoli, S, Casey, R, Cowley, C, Miller, R, Houghton, K, Ducker, S, Wright, F, Bird, B, Baxter, G, Keggans, J, Hughes, M, Grieve, E, Young, K, Williams, D, Ocker, K, Hines, F, Martin, K, Innes, C, Valliani, T, Fairlamb, H, Thornthwaite, S, Eastick, A, Tanqueray, E, Morrison, J, Holbrook, B, Browning, J, Walker, K, Congreave, S, Verheyden, J, Slininger, S, Stafford, L, O'Donnell, D, Ainsworth, M, Lord, S, Kent, L, March, L, Dickson, C, Simpson, D, Longhurst, B, Hayes, M, Shpuza, E, White, N, Besley, S, Pearson, S, Wright, A, Jones, L, Gunter, E, Dewhurst, H, Fouracres, A, Farrington, L, Graves, L, Marriott, S, Leoni, M, Tyrer, D, Dali Kemmery, L, Lambourne, V, Green, M, Sirdefield, D, Amor, K, Colley, J, Shinder, B, Jones, J, Mills, M, Carnahan, M, Taylor, N, Boulton, K, Tregonning, J, Brown, C, Clifford, G, Archer, E, Hamilton, M, Curtis, J, Shewan, T, Walsh, S, Warner, K, Netherton, K, Mupudzi, M, Gunson, B, Gitahi, J, Gocher, D, Batham, S, Pateman, H, Desmennu, S, Conder, J, Clement, D, Gallagher, S, Orpe, J, Chan, P, Currie, L, O'Donohoe, L, Oblak, M, Morgan, L, Quinn, M, Amey, I, Baird, Y, Cotterill, D, Cumlat, L, Winter, L, Greer, S, Spurdle, K, Allison, J, Dyer, S, Sweeting, H, Kordula, J, INVERNIZZI, PIETRO, STRAZZABOSCO, MARIO, CARBONE, MARCO, Kordula, J., Bernuzzi, Francesca Veronica, Cordell, H, Han, Y, Mells, G, Li, Y, Hirschfield, G, Greene, C, Xie, G, Juran, B, Zhu, D, Qian, D, Floyd, J, Morley, K, Prati, D, Lleo, A, Cusi, D, Gershwin, M, Anderson, C, Lazaridis, K, Invernizzi, P, Seldin, M, Sandford, R, Amos, C, Siminovitch, K, Schlicht, E, Lammert, C, Atkinson, E, Chan, L, De Andrade, M, Balschun, T, Mason, A, Myers, R, Zhang, J, Milkiewicz, P, Qu, J, Odin, J, Luketic, V, Bacon, B, Bodenheimer, H, Liakina, V, Vincent, C, Levy, C, Gregersen, P, Almasio, P, Alvaro, D, Andreone, P, Andriulli, A, Barlassina, C, Battezzati, P, Benedetti, A, Bernuzzi, F, Bianchi, I, Bragazzi, M, Brunetto, M, Bruno, S, Casella, G, Coco, B, Colli, A, Colombo, M, Colombo, S, Cursaro, C, Crocè, L, Crosignani, A, Donato, M, Elia, G, Fabris, L, Ferrari, C, Floreani, A, Foglieni, B, Fontana, R, Galli, A, Lazzari, R, Macaluso, F, Malinverno, F, Marra, F, Marzioni, M, Mattalia, A, Montanari, R, Morini, L, Morisco, F, Mousa Hani, S, Muratori, L, Muratori, P, Niro, G, Palmieri, V, Picciotto, A, Podda, M, Portincasa, P, Ronca, V, Rosina, F, Rossi, S, Sogno, I, Spinzi, G, Spreafico, M, Strazzabosco, M, Tarallo, S, Tarocchi, M, Tiribelli, C, Toniutto, P, Vinci, M, Zuin, M, Ch'Ng, C, Rahman, M, Yapp, T, Sturgess, R, Healey, C, Czajkowski, M, Gunasekera, A, Gyawali, P, Premchand, P, Kapur, K, Marley, R, Foster, G, Watson, A, Dias, A, Subhani, J, Harvey, R, Mccorry, R, Ramanaden, D, Gasem, J, Evans, R, Mathialahan, T, Shorrock, C, Lipscomb, G, Southern, P, Tibble, J, Gorard, D, Palegwala, A, Jones, S, Carbone, M, Dawwas, M, Alexander, G, Dolwani, S, Prince, M, Foxton, M, Elphick, D, Mitchison, H, Gooding, I, Karmo, M, Saksena, S, Mendall, M, Patel, M, Ede, R, Austin, A, Sayer, J, Hankey, L, Hovell, C, Fisher, N, Carter, M, Koss, K, Piotrowicz, A, Grimley, C, Neal, D, Lim, G, Levi, S, Ala, A, Broad, A, Saeed, A, Wood, G, Brown, J, Wilkinson, M, Gordon, H, Ramage, J, Ridpath, J, Ngatchu, T, Grover, B, Shaukat, S, Shidrawi, R, Abouda, G, Ali, F, Rees, I, Salam, I, Narain, M, Brown, A, Taylor Robinson, S, Williams, S, Grellier, L, Banim, P, Das, D, Chilton, A, Heneghan, M, Curtis, H, Gess, M, Drake, I, Aldersley, M, Davies, M, Jones, R, Mcnair, A, Srirajaskanthan, R, Pitcher, M, Sen, S, Bird, G, Barnardo, A, Kitchen, P, Yoong, K, Chirag, O, Sivaramakrishnan, N, Macfaul, G, Jones, D, Shah, A, Evans, C, Saha, S, Pollock, K, Bramley, P, Mukhopadhya, A, Fraser, A, Mills, P, Shallcross, C, Campbell, S, Bathgate, A, Shepherd, A, Dillon, J, Rushbrook, S, Przemioslo, R, Macdonald, C, Metcalf, J, Shmueli, U, Davis, A, Naqvi, A, Lee, T, Stephen, D, Collier, J, Klass, H, Ninkovic, M, Cramp, M, Sharer, N, Aspinall, R, Goggin, P, Ghosh, D, Douds, A, Hoeroldt, B, Booth, J, Williams, E, Hussaini, H, Stableforth, W, Ayres, R, Thorburn, D, Marshall, E, Burroughs, A, Mann, S, Lombard, M, Richardson, P, Patanwala, I, Maltby, J, Brookes, M, Mathew, R, Vyas, S, Singhal, S, Gleeson, D, Misra, S, Butterworth, J, George, K, Harding, T, Douglass, A, Panter, S, Shearman, J, Bray, G, Butcher, G, Forton, D, Mclindon, J, Cowan, M, Whatley, G, Mandal, A, Gupta, H, Sanghi, P, Jain, S, Pereira, S, Prasad, G, Watts, G, Wright, M, Neuberger, J, Gordon, F, Unitt, E, Grant, A, Delahooke, T, Higham, A, Brind, A, Cox, M, Ramakrishnan, S, King, A, Collins, C, Whalley, S, Li, A, Fraser, J, Bell, A, Wong, V, Singhal, A, Gee, I, Ang, Y, Ransford, R, Gotto, J, Millson, C, Bowles, J, Thomas, C, Harrison, M, Galaska, R, Kendall, J, Whiteman, J, Lawlor, C, Gray, C, Elliott, K, Mulvaney Jones, C, Hobson, L, Van Duyvenvoorde, G, Loftus, A, Seward, K, Penn, R, Maiden, J, Damant, R, Hails, J, Cloudsdale, R, Silvestre, V, Glenn, S, Dungca, E, Wheatley, N, Doyle, H, Kent, M, Hamilton, C, Braim, D, Wooldridge, H, Abrahams, R, Paton, A, Lancaster, N, Gibbins, A, Hogben, K, Desousa, P, Muscariu, F, Musselwhite, J, Mckay, A, Tan, L, Foale, C, Brighton, J, Flahive, K, Nambela, E, Townshend, P, Ford, C, Holder, S, Palmer, C, Featherstone, J, Nasseri, M, Sadeghian, J, Williams, B, Rolls, S, Hynes, A, Duggan, C, Crossey, M, Stansfield, G, Macnicol, C, Wilkins, J, Wilhelmsen, E, Raymode, P, Lee, H, Durant, E, Bishop, R, Ncube, N, Tripoli, S, Casey, R, Cowley, C, Miller, R, Houghton, K, Ducker, S, Wright, F, Bird, B, Baxter, G, Keggans, J, Hughes, M, Grieve, E, Young, K, Williams, D, Ocker, K, Hines, F, Martin, K, Innes, C, Valliani, T, Fairlamb, H, Thornthwaite, S, Eastick, A, Tanqueray, E, Morrison, J, Holbrook, B, Browning, J, Walker, K, Congreave, S, Verheyden, J, Slininger, S, Stafford, L, O'Donnell, D, Ainsworth, M, Lord, S, Kent, L, March, L, Dickson, C, Simpson, D, Longhurst, B, Hayes, M, Shpuza, E, White, N, Besley, S, Pearson, S, Wright, A, Jones, L, Gunter, E, Dewhurst, H, Fouracres, A, Farrington, L, Graves, L, Marriott, S, Leoni, M, Tyrer, D, Dali Kemmery, L, Lambourne, V, Green, M, Sirdefield, D, Amor, K, Colley, J, Shinder, B, Jones, J, Mills, M, Carnahan, M, Taylor, N, Boulton, K, Tregonning, J, Brown, C, Clifford, G, Archer, E, Hamilton, M, Curtis, J, Shewan, T, Walsh, S, Warner, K, Netherton, K, Mupudzi, M, Gunson, B, Gitahi, J, Gocher, D, Batham, S, Pateman, H, Desmennu, S, Conder, J, Clement, D, Gallagher, S, Orpe, J, Chan, P, Currie, L, O'Donohoe, L, Oblak, M, Morgan, L, Quinn, M, Amey, I, Baird, Y, Cotterill, D, Cumlat, L, Winter, L, Greer, S, Spurdle, K, Allison, J, Dyer, S, Sweeting, H, Kordula, J, INVERNIZZI, PIETRO, STRAZZABOSCO, MARIO, CARBONE, MARCO, Kordula, J., and Bernuzzi, Francesca Veronica
Abstract: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery data sets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4,261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined <5 × 10-8) and used pathway analysis to identify JAK-STAT/IL12/IL27 signalling and cytokine-cytokine pathways, for which relevant therapies exist.
Published: 2015

18. Immunochip analyses identify a novel risk locus for primary biliary cirrhosis at 13q14, multiple independent associations at four established risk loci and epistasis between 1p31 and 7q32 risk variants.

Author: Juran, B, Hirschfield, G, Invernizzi, P, Atkinson, E, Li, Y, Xie, G, Kosoy, R, Ransom, M, Sun, Y, Bianchi, I, Schlicht, E, Lleo, A, Coltescu, C, Bernuzzi, F, Podda, M, Lammert, C, Shigeta, R, Chan, L, Balschun, T, Marconi, M, Cusi, D, Heathcote, E, Mason, A, Myers, R, Milkiewicz, P, Odin, J, Luketic, V, Bacon, B, Bodenheimer, H, Liakina, V, Vincent, C, Levy, C, Franke, A, Gregersen, P, Bossa, F, Gershwin, M, Deandrade, M, Amos, C, Italian PBC Genetics Study, G, Lazaridis, K, Seldin, M, Siminovitch, K, Almasio, P, Alvaro, D, Andreone, P, Andriulli, A, Barlassina, C, Battezzati, P, Benedetti, A, Bragazzi, M, Brunetto, M, Bruno, S, Caliari, L, Casella, G, Civardi, F, Coco, B, Colli, A, Colombo, M, Colombo, S, Cursaro, C, Crocè, L, Crosignani, A, Donato, F, Fabris, L, Ferrari, C, Floreani, A, Fontana, R, Galli, A, Grattagliano, I, Lazzari, R, Macaluso, F, Malinverno, F, Marra, F, Marzioni, M, Mascia, E, Mattalia, A, Montanari, R, Morini, L, Morisco, F, Muratori, L, Muratori, P, Niro, G, Picciotto, A, Portincasa, P, Prati, D, Rosina, F, Rossi, S, Selmi, C, Spinzi, G, Strazzabosco, M, Tarallo, S, Tiribelli, C, Toniutto, P, Vinci, M, Zuin, M, Juran, BD, Hirschfield, GM, INVERNIZZI, PIETRO, Atkinson, EJ, Schlicht, EM, Bernuzzi, Francesca Veronica, Chan, LL, Heathcote, EJ, Mason, AL, Myers, RP, Odin, JA, Luketic, VA, Bacon, BR, Bodenheimer, HC Jr, Gregersen, PK, Gershwin, ME, deAndrade, M, Amos, CI, Italian PBC Genetics Study Group, Lazaridis, KN, Seldin, MF, Siminovitch, KA, Almasio, PL, Battezzati, PM, Crocè, LS, Niro, GA, STRAZZABOSCO, MARIO, Zuin, M., Juran, B, Hirschfield, G, Invernizzi, P, Atkinson, E, Li, Y, Xie, G, Kosoy, R, Ransom, M, Sun, Y, Bianchi, I, Schlicht, E, Lleo, A, Coltescu, C, Bernuzzi, F, Podda, M, Lammert, C, Shigeta, R, Chan, L, Balschun, T, Marconi, M, Cusi, D, Heathcote, E, Mason, A, Myers, R, Milkiewicz, P, Odin, J, Luketic, V, Bacon, B, Bodenheimer, H, Liakina, V, Vincent, C, Levy, C, Franke, A, Gregersen, P, Bossa, F, Gershwin, M, Deandrade, M, Amos, C, Italian PBC Genetics Study, G, Lazaridis, K, Seldin, M, Siminovitch, K, Almasio, P, Alvaro, D, Andreone, P, Andriulli, A, Barlassina, C, Battezzati, P, Benedetti, A, Bragazzi, M, Brunetto, M, Bruno, S, Caliari, L, Casella, G, Civardi, F, Coco, B, Colli, A, Colombo, M, Colombo, S, Cursaro, C, Crocè, L, Crosignani, A, Donato, F, Fabris, L, Ferrari, C, Floreani, A, Fontana, R, Galli, A, Grattagliano, I, Lazzari, R, Macaluso, F, Malinverno, F, Marra, F, Marzioni, M, Mascia, E, Mattalia, A, Montanari, R, Morini, L, Morisco, F, Muratori, L, Muratori, P, Niro, G, Picciotto, A, Portincasa, P, Prati, D, Rosina, F, Rossi, S, Selmi, C, Spinzi, G, Strazzabosco, M, Tarallo, S, Tiribelli, C, Toniutto, P, Vinci, M, Zuin, M, Juran, BD, Hirschfield, GM, INVERNIZZI, PIETRO, Atkinson, EJ, Schlicht, EM, Bernuzzi, Francesca Veronica, Chan, LL, Heathcote, EJ, Mason, AL, Myers, RP, Odin, JA, Luketic, VA, Bacon, BR, Bodenheimer, HC Jr, Gregersen, PK, Gershwin, ME, deAndrade, M, Amos, CI, Italian PBC Genetics Study Group, Lazaridis, KN, Seldin, MF, Siminovitch, KA, Almasio, PL, Battezzati, PM, Crocè, LS, Niro, GA, STRAZZABOSCO, MARIO, and Zuin, M.
Abstract: To further characterize the genetic basis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), we genotyped 2426 PBC patients and 5731 unaffected controls from three independent cohorts using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array (Immunochip) enriched for autoimmune disease risk loci. Meta-analysis of the genotype data sets identified a novel disease-associated locus near the TNFSF11 gene at 13q14, provided evidence for association at six additional immune-related loci not previously implicated in PBC and confirmed associations at 19 of 22 established risk loci. Results of conditional analyses also provided evidence for multiple independent association signals at four risk loci, with haplotype analyses suggesting independent SNP effects at the 2q32 and 16p13 loci, but complex haplotype driven effects at the 3q25 and 6p21 loci. By imputing classical HLA alleles from this data set, four class II alleles independently contributing to the association signal from this region were identified. Imputation of genotypes at the non-HLA loci also provided additional associations, but none with stronger effects than the genotyped variants. An epistatic interaction between the IL12RB2 risk locus at 1p31and the IRF5 risk locus at 7q32 was also identified and suggests a complementary effect of these loci in predisposing to disease. These data expand the repertoire of genes with potential roles in PBC pathogenesis that need to be explored by follow-up biological studies.
Published: 2012

19. 491 MINIMAL NEUROPSYCHOMOTOR DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C

Author: Savlan, I., primary, Valantinas, J., additional, Audronyte, E., additional, Aksionova, D., additional, and Liakina, V., additional
Published: 2013
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20. 1400 DISCOVERY OF A DIRECT ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS AND LOW BONE MASS: IDENTIFICATION OF TNFSF11/RANKL AS A RISK LOCUS FOR PATIENTS WITH PBC

Author: Hirschfield, G.M., primary, Juran, B.D., additional, Invernizzi, P., additional, Atkinson, E.J., additional, Li, Y., additional, Xie, G., additional, Kosoy, R., additional, Ransom, M., additional, Sun, Y., additional, Bianchi, I., additional, Schlicht, E.M., additional, Lleo, A., additional, Coltescu, C., additional, Bernuzzi, F., additional, Lammert, C., additional, Shigetta, R., additional, Chan, L.L., additional, Balschun, T., additional, Marconi, M., additional, Cusi, D., additional, Mason, A.L., additional, Myers, R.P., additional, Milkiewicz, P., additional, Odin, J.A., additional, Luketic, V.A., additional, Bacon, B., additional, Bodenheimer, H., additional, Liakina, V., additional, Vincent, C., additional, Levy, C., additional, Franke, A., additional, Gregerson, P.K., additional, Annese, V., additional, Gershwin, M.E., additional, de Andrade, M., additional, Amos, C.I., additional, Lazaridis, K.N., additional, Seldin, M.F., additional, and Siminovitch, K.A., additional
Published: 2012
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21. 196 PREDICTION OF CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS USING STANDARD ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND COLOUR DOPPLER MYOCARDIAL IMAGING

Author: Irnius, A., primary, Grabauskiene, V., additional, Liakina, V., additional, Brasiskiene, S., additional, Jaseviciute, A., additional, and Valantinas, J., additional
Published: 2009
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22. 611 DIFFERENT CHANGES OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CD19CD5 COUNT AND TH1/TH2 CYTOKINES CONCENTRATION DURING THERAPY OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS DEPENDING ON TREATMENT RESPONSE

Author: Liakina, V., primary, Speiciene, D., additional, Siaurys, A., additional, Jakutiene, J., additional, Titova, B., additional, Irnius, A., additional, and Valantinas, J., additional
Published: 2008
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23. P.220 Host factors are essential for hepatic steatosis in a Lithuanian cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection

Author: Speiciene, D., primary, Irnius, A., additional, Liakina, V., additional, Semuchiniene, T., additional, and Valantinas, J., additional
Published: 2006
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24. International genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new primary biliary cirrhosis risk loci and targetable pathogenic pathways

Author: Cordell, Heather J., Younghun, Han, Mells, George F., Yafang, Li, Hirschfield, Gideon M., Greene, Casey S., Gang, Xie, Juran 7, Brian D., Dakai Zhu, 2, Qian 2, David C., Floyd, James A. B., Morley, Katherine I., Daniele Prati 11, Ana Lleo 12, Daniele, Cusi, Eric Gershwin 15, M., Anderson 8, Carl A., Lazaridis 7, Konstantinos N., Pietro, Invernizzi, Seldin 15, Michael F., Sandford, Richard N., Amos 2, Christopher I., Siminovitch, Katherine A., Schlicht 7, Erik M., Craig Lammert, 7, Atkinson 19, Elizabeth J., Chan 19, Landon L., Mariza de Andrade 19, Tobias Balschun 20, Mason 21, Andrew L., Myers 22, Robert P., Jinyi Zhang 23, Piotr Milkiewicz 24, Jia Qu 25, Odin 26, Joseph A., Luketic 27, Velimir A., Bacon 28, Bruce R., Bodenheimer Jr 29, Henry C., Valentina Liakina 30, Catherine Vincent 31, Cynthia Levy 32, Gregersen, Peter K., Almasio, 33 Piero L., Domenico Alvaro 35, Pietro Andreone 36, Angelo Andriulli 37, Cristina Barlassina 38, Pier Maria Battezzati 39, Antonio Benedetti 40, Francesca Bernuzzi 41, Ilaria Bianchi 41, Maria Consiglia Bragazzi 42, Maurizia Brunetto 43, Savino Bruno 41, Giovanni Casella 44, Barbara Coco 43, Agostino Colli 45, Massimo Colombo 46, Silvia Colombo 47, Carmela Cursaro 36, Lory Saveria Croce, ` 48, Andrea Crosignani 39, Maria Francesca Donato 46, Gianfranco Elia 49, Luca Fabris 50, Carlo Ferrari 49, Annarosa Floreani 51, Barbara Foglieni 11, Rosanna Fontana 37, Galli, Andrea, Roberta Lazzari 51, Fabio Macaluso 34, Federica Malinverno 46, Marra, Fabio, Marco Marzioni 40, Alberto Mattalia 54, Renzo Montanari 55, Lorenzo Morini 56, Filomena Morisco 57, Mousa Hani S., 41, Luigi Muratori 36, Paolo Muratori 36, Niro 37, Grazia A., Palmieri 58, Vincenzo O., Antonio Picciotto 59, Mauro Podda 41, Piero Portincasa 58, Vincenzo Ronca 41, Floriano Rosina 60, Sonia Rossi 41, Ilaria Sogno 41, Giancarlo Spinzi 61, Marta Spreafico 11, Mario, Strazzabosco, Sonia Tarallo 60, Tarocchi, Mirko, Claudio Tiribelli 48, Pierluigi Toniutto 64, Maria Vinci 65, Massimo, Zuin, Chin Lye Ch’ng, Mesbah Rahman 68, Tom Yapp 69, Richard Sturgess 70, Christopher Healey 71, Marek, Czajkowski, Anton, Gunasekera, Pranab Gyawali 77, Purushothaman Premchand 78, Kapil Kapur 79, Richard Marley 80, Graham Foster 80, Alan Watson 81, Aruna Dias 82, Javaid Subhani 83, Rory Harvey 84, Roger McCorry 85, David Ramanaden 86, Jaber Gasem 87, Richard Evans 88, Thiriloganathan Mathialahan 89, Christopher Shorrock 90, George Lipscomb 91, Paul Southern 92, Jeremy Tibble 93, David, Gorard, Altaf Palegwala 98, Susan, Jones, Marco Carbone 101, Mohamed Dawwas 101, Graeme Alexander 101, Sunil, Dolwani, Martin Prince 104, Matthew Foxton 105, David Elphick 106, Harriet Mitchison 107, Ian Gooding 108, Mazn Karmo 109, Sushma, Saksena, Mike, Mendall, Minesh, Patel, Roland, Ede, Andrew Austin 119, Joanna, Sayer, Lorraine Hankey 122, Christopher Hovell 122, Neil Fisher 123, Martyn, Carter, Konrad Koss 126, Andrzej, Piotrowicz, Charles, Grimley, David, Neal, Guan Lim 135, Sass, Levi, Aftab Ala 138, Andrea Broad 139, Athar Saeed 139, Gordon Wood 140, Jonathan, Brown, Mark, Wilkinson, Harriet Gordon 145, John Ramage 146, Jo Ridpath 147, Theodore, Ngatchu, Bob Grover 151, Syed Shaukat 152, Ray Shidrawi 153, George, Abouda, Faiz Ali 156, Ian Rees 157, Imroz Salam 158, Mark Narain 159, Ashley, Brown, Simon Taylor Robinson 162, Simon Williams 163, Leonie Grellier 164, Paul Banim 165, Debasish Das 166, Andrew Chilton 166, Michael Heneghan 167, Howard, Curtis, Markus Gess 170, Ian, Drake, Mark, Aldersley, Mervyn, Davies, Rebecca, Jones, Alastair McNair 175, Raj Srirajaskanthan 176, Maxton, Pitcher, Sambit Sen 179, George, Bird, Adrian Barnardo 182, Paul Kitchen 182, Kevin Yoong 183, Oza, Chirag, Nurani Sivaramakrishnan 186, George MacFaul 187, David Jones 188, Amir Shah 189, Chris Evans 190, Subrata Saha 191, Katharine, Pollock, Peter, Bramley, Ashis, Mukhopadhya, Andrew, Fraser, Peter, Mills, Christopher, Shallcross, Stewart, Campbell, Andrew, Bathgate, Alan Shepherd 213, John Dillon 214, Simon Rushbrook 215, Robert Przemioslo 216 Christopher Macdonald, Jane, Metcalf, Udi Shmueli 221, Andrew, Davis, Asifabbas, Naqvi, Tom, Lee, Ryder, Stephen D., Jane Collier 231, Howard, Klass, Mary, Ninkovic, Matthew Cramp 238, Nicholas Sharer 239, Richard Aspinall 240, Patrick Goggin 240, Deb, Ghosh, Andrew Douds 243, Barbara Hoeroldt 244, Jonathan Booth 245, Earl Williams 246, Hyder Hussaini 247, William Stableforth 247, Reuben Ayres 248, Douglas Thorburn 249, Eileen Marshall 249, Andrew Burroughs 249, Steven, Mann, Martin Lombard 252, Paul Richardson 252, Imran Patanwala 252, Julia Maltby 253, Matthew Brookes 254, Ray, Mathew, Samir Vyas 257, Saket Singhal 258, Dermot, Gleeson, Sharat, Misra, Jeff, Butterworth, Keith George 265, Tim, Harding, Andrew, Douglass, Simon Panter 270, Jeremy Shearman 271, Gary Bray 272, Graham, Butcher, Daniel Forton 275, John, Mclindon, Matthew Cowan 279, Gregory Whatley 280, Aditya, Mandal, Hemant, Gupta, Pradeep, Sanghi, Sanjiv Jain 283, Steve Pereira 284, Geeta Prasad 285, Gill Watts 285, Mark Wright 286, James Neuberger 287, Fiona Gordon 288, Esther Unitt 289, Allister, Grant, Toby, Delahooke, Andrew Higham 293, Alison Brind 294, Mark Cox 295, Subramaniam Ramakrishnan 296, Alistair, King, Carole Collins 300, Simon, Whalley, Andy Li 303, Jocelyn Fraser 304, Andrew Bell 305, Voi Shim Wong 306, Amit, Singhal, Ian, Gee, Yeng Ang 312, Rupert Ransford 313, James Gotto 314, Charles, Millson, Jane Bowles 318, Caradog, Thomas, Melanie Harrison 70, Roman Galaska 71, Jennie, Kendall, Jessica, Whiteman, Caroline, Lawlor, Catherine, Gray, Keith Elliott 79, Caroline Mulvaney Jones, Lucie, Hobson, Greta Van Duyvenvoorde 90, Alison Loftus 91, Katie Seward 92, Ruth, Penn, Jane Maiden 98, Rose Damant 98, Janeane Hails 101, Rebecca, Cloudsdale, Valeria Silvestre 105, Sue Glenn 106, Eleanor Dungca 107, Natalie Wheatley 108, Helen Doyle 109, Melanie, Kent, Caroline, Hamilton, Delyth, Braim, Helen Wooldridge 117, Rachel Abrahams 117, Alison Paton 119, Nicola, Lancaster, Andrew Gibbins 122, Karen Hogben 122, Phillipa, Desousa, Florin, Muscariu, Janine, Musselwhite, Alexandra McKay 132, LaiTing Tan 135, Carole Foale 138, Jacqueline Brighton 138, Kerry Flahive 140, Estelle, Nambela, Paula, Townshend, Chris, Ford, Sophie, Holder, Caroline, Palmer, James Featherstone 147, Mariam Nasseri 151, Joy Sadeghian 153, Bronwen, Williams, Carol Thomas 156, Sally Ann Rolls 156, Abigail Hynes 159, Claire Duggan 159, Sarah Jones 159, Mary, Crossey, Glynis Stansfield 163, Carolyn MacNicol 163, Joy Wilkins 164, Elva Wilhelmsen 165, Parizade Raymode 166, Hye Jeong Lee 167, Emma, Durant, Rebecca, Bishop, Noma, Ncube, Sherill, Tripoli, Rebecca, Casey, Caroline Cowley 182, Richard Miller 183, Kathryn Houghton 188, Samantha Ducker 188, Fiona Wright 189, Bridget Bird 191, Gwen Baxter 191, Janie Keggans 191, Maggie, Hughes, Emma Grieve 196, Karin Young 196, Williams 197, D., Kate Ocker 199, Frances, Hines, Kirsty, Martin, Caron, Innes, Talal Valliani 216, Helen, Fairlamb, Sarah, Thornthwaite, Anne, Eastick, Elizabeth Tanqueray 221, Jennifer Morrison 222, Becky Holbrook 222, Julie, Browning, Kirsten, Walker, Susan, Congreave, Juliette, Verheyden, Susan, Slininger, Lizzie Stafford 231, Denise O’Donnell 231, Mark Ainsworth 231, Susan Lord 118, Linda, Kent, Linda March 238, Christine Dickson 239, Diane Simpson 239, Beverley Longhurst 240, Maria Hayes 240, Ervin, Shpuza, Nikki, White, Sarah, Besley, Sallyanne Pearson 244, Alice Wright 245, Linda Jones 245, Emma Gunter 246, Hannah Dewhurst 246, Anna Fouracres 247, Liz Farrington 247, Lyn Graves 247, Suzie Marriott 248, Marina Leoni 249, David Tyrer 252, Kate Martin 252, Lola Dali kemmery 253, Victoria Lambourne 253, Marie Green 254, Dawn, Sirdefield, Kelly Amor 255, Julie Colley 258, Bal Shinder 258, Jayne Jones 260, Marisa Mills 260, Mandy, Carnahan, Natalie Taylor 265, Kerenza Boulton 265, Julie, Tregonning, Carly Brown 270, Gayle Clifford 270, Emily Archer 271, Maria, Hamilton, Janette Curtis 278, Tracey Shewan 279, Sue Walsh 280, Karen, Warner, Kimberley Netherton 283, Mcdonald Mupudzi 286, Bridget Gunson 287, Jane Gitahi 288, Denise Gocher 289, Sally, Batham, Hilary, Pateman, Senayon, Desmennu, Jill Conder 293, Darren Clement 294, Susan Gallagher 294, Jacky Orpe 256, PuiChing Chan 296, Lynn, Currie, Lynn, O’Donohoe, Metod Oblak 300, Lisa Morgan 302, Marie Quinn 303, Isobel Amey 304, Yolanda Baird 304, Donna Cotterill 305, Lourdes Cumlat 306, Louise Winter 312, Sandra Greer 312, Katie, Spurdle, Joanna, Allison, Simon, Dyer, Helen, Sweeting, Jean, Kordula, Cordell, H. J., Han, Y., Mells, G. F., Li, Y., Hirschfield, G. M., Greene, C. S., Xie, G., Juran, B. D., Zhu, D., Qian, D. C., Floyd, J. A. B., Morley, K. I., Prati, D., Lleo, A., Cusi, D., Gershwin, M. E., Anderson, C. A., Lazaridis, K. N., Invernizzi, P., Seldin, M. F., Sandford, R. N., Amos, C. I., Siminovitch, K. A., Schlicht, E. M., Lammert, C., Atkinson, E. J., Chan, L. L., De Andrade, M., Balschun, T., Mason, A. L., Myers, R. P., Zhang, J., Milkiewicz, P., Qu, J., Odin, J. A., Luketic, V. A., Bacon, B. R., Bodenheimer, H. C., Liakina, V., Vincent, C., Levy, C., Gregersen, P. K., Almasio, P. L., Alvaro, D., Andreone, P., Andriulli, A., Barlassina, C., Battezzati, P. M., Benedetti, A., Bernuzzi, F., Bianchi, I., Bragazzi, M. C., Brunetto, M., Bruno, S., Casella, G., Coco, B., Colli, A., Colombo, M., Colombo, S., Cursaro, C., Croce, L. S., Crosignani, A., Donato, M. F., Elia, G., Fabris, L., Ferrari, C., Floreani, A., Foglieni, B., Fontana, R., Galli, A., Lazzari, R., Macaluso, F., Malinverno, F., Marra, F., Marzioni, M., Mattalia, A., Montanari, R., Morini, L., Morisco, F., Mousa Hani, S., Muratori, L., Muratori, P., Niro, G. A., Palmieri, V. O., Picciotto, A., Podda, M., Portincasa, P., Ronca, V., Rosina, F., Rossi, S., Sogno, I., Spinzi, G., Spreafico, M., Strazzabosco, M., Tarallo, S., Tarocchi, M., Tiribelli, C., Toniutto, P., Vinci, M., Zuin, M., Ch'Ng, C. L., Rahman, M., Yapp, T., Sturgess, R., Healey, C., Czajkowski, M., Gunasekera, A., Gyawali, P., Premchand, P., Kapur, K., Marley, R., Foster, G., Watson, A., Dias, A., Subhani, J., Harvey, R., Mccorry, R., Ramanaden, D., Gasem, J., Evans, R., Mathialahan, T., Shorrock, C., Lipscomb, G., Southern, P., Tibble, J., Gorard, D., Palegwala, A., Jones, S., Carbone, M., Dawwas, M., Alexander, G., Dolwani, S., Prince, M., Foxton, M., Elphick, D., Mitchison, H., Gooding, I., Karmo, M., Saksena, S., Mendall, M., Patel, M., Ede, R., Austin, A., Sayer, J., Hankey, L., Hovell, C., Fisher, N., Carter, M., Koss, K., Piotrowicz, A., Grimley, C., Neal, D., Lim, G., Levi, S., Ala, A., Broad, A., Saeed, A., Wood, G., Brown, J., Wilkinson, M., Gordon, H., Ramage, J., Ridpath, J., Ngatchu, T., Grover, B., Shaukat, S., Shidrawi, R., Abouda, G., Ali, F., Rees, I., Salam, I., Narain, M., Brown, A., Taylor-Robinson, S., Williams, S., Grellier, L., Banim, P., Das, D., Chilton, A., Heneghan, M., Curtis, H., Gess, M., Drake, I., Aldersley, M., Davies, M., Jones, R., Mcnair, A., Srirajaskanthan, R., Pitcher, M., Sen, S., Bird, G., Barnardo, A., Kitchen, P., Yoong, K., Chirag, O., Sivaramakrishnan, N., Macfaul, G., Jones, D., Shah, A., Evans, C., Saha, S., Pollock, K., Bramley, P., Mukhopadhya, A., Fraser, A., Mills, P., Shallcross, C., Campbell, S., Bathgate, A., Shepherd, A., Dillon, J., Rushbrook, S., Przemioslo, R., Macdonald, C., Metcalf, J., Shmueli, U., Davis, A., Naqvi, A., Lee, T., Stephen, D., Collier, J., Klass, H., Ninkovic, M., Cramp, M., Sharer, N., Aspinall, R., Goggin, P., Ghosh, D., Douds, A., Hoeroldt, B., Booth, J., Williams, E., Hussaini, H., Stableforth, W., Ayres, R., Thorburn, D., Marshall, E., Burroughs, A., Mann, S., Lombard, M., Richardson, P., Patanwala, I., Maltby, J., Brookes, M., Mathew, R., Vyas, S., Singhal, S., Gleeson, D., Misra, S., Butterworth, J., George, K., Harding, T., Douglass, A., Panter, S., Shearman, J., Bray, G., Butcher, G., Forton, D., Mclindon, J., Cowan, M., Whatley, G., Mandal, A., Gupta, H., Sanghi, P., Jain, S., Pereira, S., Prasad, G., Watts, G., Wright, M., Neuberger, J., Gordon, F., Unitt, E., Grant, A., Delahooke, T., Higham, A., Brind, A., Cox, M., Ramakrishnan, S., King, A., Collins, C., Whalley, S., Li, A., Fraser, J., Bell, A., Wong, V. S., Singhal, A., Gee, I., Ang, Y., Ransford, R., Gotto, J., Millson, C., Bowles, J., Thomas, C., Harrison, M., Galaska, R., Kendall, J., Whiteman, J., Lawlor, C., Gray, C., Elliott, K., Mulvaney-Jones, C., Hobson, L., Van Duyvenvoorde, G., Loftus, A., Seward, K., Penn, R., Maiden, J., Damant, R., Hails, J., Cloudsdale, R., Silvestre, V., Glenn, S., Dungca, E., Wheatley, N., Doyle, H., Kent, M., Hamilton, C., Braim, D., Wooldridge, H., Abrahams, R., Paton, A., Lancaster, N., Gibbins, A., Hogben, K., Desousa, P., Muscariu, F., Musselwhite, J., Mckay, A., Tan, L., Foale, C., Brighton, J., Flahive, K., Nambela, E., Townshend, P., Ford, C., Holder, S., Palmer, C., Featherstone, J., Nasseri, M., Sadeghian, J., Williams, B., Rolls, S. -A., Hynes, A., Duggan, C., Crossey, M., Stansfield, G., Macnicol, C., Wilkins, J., Wilhelmsen, E., Raymode, P., Lee, H. -J., Durant, E., Bishop, R., Ncube, N., Tripoli, S., Casey, R., Cowley, C., Miller, R., Houghton, K., Ducker, S., Wright, F., Bird, B., Baxter, G., Keggans, J., Hughes, M., Grieve, E., Young, K., Williams, D., Ocker, K., Hines, F., Martin, K., Innes, C., Valliani, T., Fairlamb, H., Thornthwaite, S., Eastick, A., Tanqueray, E., Morrison, J., Holbrook, B., Browning, J., Walker, K., Congreave, S., Verheyden, J., Slininger, S., Stafford, L., O'Donnell, D., Ainsworth, M., Lord, S., Kent, L., March, L., Dickson, C., Simpson, D., Longhurst, B., Hayes, M., Shpuza, E., White, N., Besley, S., Pearson, S., Wright, A., Jones, L., Gunter, E., Dewhurst, H., Fouracres, A., Farrington, L., Graves, L., Marriott, S., Leoni, M., Tyrer, D., Dali-Kemmery, L., Lambourne, V., Green, M., Sirdefield, D., Amor, K., Colley, J., Shinder, B., Jones, J., Mills, M., Carnahan, M., Taylor, N., Boulton, K., Tregonning, J., Brown, C., Clifford, G., Archer, E., Hamilton, M., Curtis, J., Shewan, T., Walsh, S., Warner, K., Netherton, K., Mupudzi, M., Gunson, B., Gitahi, J., Gocher, D., Batham, S., Pateman, H., Desmennu, S., Conder, J., Clement, D., Gallagher, S., Orpe, J., Chan, P., Currie, L., O'Donohoe, L., Oblak, M., Morgan, L., Quinn, M., Amey, I., Baird, Y., Cotterill, D., Cumlat, L., Winter, L., Greer, S., Spurdle, K., Allison, J., Dyer, S., Sweeting, H., Kordula, J., Cordell, Heather J, Han, Younghun, Mells, George F., Li, Yafang, Hirschfield, Gideon M., Greene, Casey S., Xie, Gang, Juran, Brian D., Zhu, Dakai, Qian, David C., Floyd, James A. B., Morley, Katherine I., Prati, Daniele, Lleo, Ana, Cusi, Daniele, Gershwin, M. Eric, Anderson, Carl A., Lazaridis, Konstantinos N., Invernizzi, Pietro, Seldin, Michael F., Sandford, Richard N., Amos, Christopher I., Siminovitch, Katherine A., Schlicht, Erik M., Lammert, Craig, Atkinson, Elizabeth J., Chan, Landon L., De Andrade, Mariza, Balschun, Tobia, Mason, Andrew L., Myers, Robert P., Zhang, Jinyi, Milkiewicz, Piotr, Qu, Jia, Odin, Joseph A., Luketic, Velimir A., Bacon, Bruce R., Bodenheimer, Henry C., Liakina, Valentina, Vincent, Catherine, Levy, Cynthia, Gregersen, Peter K., Almasio, Piero L., Alvaro, Domenico, Andreone, Pietro, Andriulli, Angelo, Barlassina, Cristina, Battezzati, Pier Maria, Benedetti, Antonio, Bernuzzi, Francesca, Bianchi, Ilaria, Bragazzi, Maria Consiglia, Brunetto, Maurizia, Bruno, Savino, Casella, Giovanni, Coco, Barbara, Colli, Agostino, Colombo, Massimo, Colombo, Silvia, Cursaro, Carmela, Crocè, Lory Saveria, Crosignani, Andrea, Donato, Maria Francesca, Elia, Gianfranco, Fabris, Luca, Ferrari, Carlo, Floreani, Annarosa, Foglieni, Barbara, Fontana, Rosanna, Galli, Andrea, Lazzari, Roberta, Macaluso, Fabio, Malinverno, Federica, Marra, Fabio, Marzioni, Marco, Mattalia, Alberto, Montanari, Renzo, Morini, Lorenzo, Morisco, Filomena, Muratori, Luigi, Muratori, Paolo, Niro, Grazia A., Palmieri, Vincenzo O., Picciotto, Antonio, Podda, Mauro, Portincasa, Piero, Ronca, Vincenzo, Rosina, Floriano, Rossi, Sonia, Sogno, Ilaria, Spinzi, Giancarlo, Spreafico, Marta, Strazzabosco, Mario, Tarallo, Sonia, Tarocchi, Mirko, Tiribelli, Claudio, Toniutto, Pierluigi, Vinci, Maria, Zuin, Massimo, Ch'Ng, Chin Lye, Rahman, Mesbah, Yapp, Tom, Sturgess, Richard, Healey, Christopher, Czajkowski, Marek, Gunasekera, Anton, Gyawali, Pranab, Premchand, Purushothaman, Kapur, Kapil, Marley, Richard, Foster, Graham, Watson, Alan, Dias, Aruna, Subhani, Javaid, Harvey, Rory, Mccorry, Roger, Ramanaden, David, Gasem, Jaber, Evans, Richard, Mathialahan, Thiriloganathan, Shorrock, Christopher, Lipscomb, George, Southern, Paul, Tibble, Jeremy, Gorard, David, Palegwala, Altaf, Jones, Susan, Carbone, Marco, Dawwas, Mohamed, Alexander, Graeme, Dolwani, Sunil, Prince, Martin, Foxton, Matthew, Elphick, David, Mitchison, Harriet, Gooding, Ian, Karmo, Mazn, Saksena, Sushma, Mendall, Mike, Patel, Minesh, Ede, Roland, Austin, Andrew, Sayer, Joanna, Hankey, Lorraine, Hovell, Christopher, Fisher, Neil, Carter, Martyn, Koss, Konrad, Piotrowicz, Andrzej, Grimley, Charle, Neal, David, Lim, Guan, Levi, Sa, Ala, Aftab, Broad, Andrea, Saeed, Athar, Wood, Gordon, Brown, Jonathan, Wilkinson, Mark, Gordon, Harriet, Ramage, John, Ridpath, Jo, Ngatchu, Theodore, Grover, Bob, Shaukat, Syed, Shidrawi, Ray, Abouda, George, Ali, Faiz, Rees, Ian, Salam, Imroz, Narain, Mark, Brown, Ashley, Taylor-Robinson, Simon, Williams, Simon, Grellier, Leonie, Banim, Paul, Das, Debasish, Chilton, Andrew, Heneghan, Michael, Curtis, Howard, Gess, Marku, Drake, Ian, Aldersley, Mark, Davies, Mervyn, Jones, Rebecca, Mcnair, Alastair, Srirajaskanthan, Raj, Pitcher, Maxton, Sen, Sambit, Bird, George, Barnardo, Adrian, Kitchen, Paul, Yoong, Kevin, Chirag, Oza, Sivaramakrishnan, Nurani, Macfaul, George, Jones, David, Shah, Amir, Evans, Chri, Saha, Subrata, Pollock, Katharine, Bramley, Peter, Mukhopadhya, Ashi, Fraser, Andrew, Mills, Peter, Shallcross, Christopher, Campbell, Stewart, Bathgate, Andrew, Shepherd, Alan, Dillon, John, Rushbrook, Simon, Przemioslo, Robert, Macdonald, Christopher, Metcalf, Jane, Shmueli, Udi, Davis, Andrew, Naqvi, Asifabba, Lee, Tom, Stephen, Dyder, Collier, Jane, Klass, Howard, Ninkovic, Mary, Cramp, Matthew, Sharer, Nichola, Aspinall, Richard, Goggin, Patrick, Ghosh, Deb, Douds, Andrew, Hoeroldt, Barbara, Booth, Jonathan, Williams, Earl, Hussaini, Hyder, Stableforth, William, Ayres, Reuben, Thorburn, Dougla, Marshall, Eileen, Burroughs, Andrew, Mann, Steven, Lombard, Martin, Richardson, Paul, Patanwala, Imran, Maltby, Julia, Brookes, Matthew, Mathew, Ray, Vyas, Samir, Singhal, Saket, Gleeson, Dermot, Misra, Sharat, Butterworth, Jeff, George, Keith, Harding, Tim, Douglass, Andrew, Panter, Simon, Shearman, Jeremy, Bray, Gary, Butcher, Graham, Forton, Daniel, Mclindon, John, Cowan, Matthew, Whatley, Gregory, Mandal, Aditya, Gupta, Hemant, Sanghi, Pradeep, Jain, Sanjiv, Pereira, Steve, Prasad, Geeta, Watts, Gill, Wright, Mark, Neuberger, Jame, Gordon, Fiona, Unitt, Esther, Grant, Allister, Delahooke, Toby, Higham, Andrew, Brind, Alison, Cox, Mark, Ramakrishnan, Subramaniam, King, Alistair, Collins, Carole, Whalley, Simon, Li, Andy, Fraser, Jocelyn, Bell, Andrew, Wong, Voi Shim, Singhal, Amit, Gee, Ian, Ang, Yeng, Ransford, Rupert, Gotto, Jame, Millson, Charle, Bowles, Jane, Thomas, Caradog, Harrison, Melanie, Galaska, Roman, Kendall, Jennie, Whiteman, Jessica, Lawlor, Caroline, Gray, Catherine, Elliott, Keith, Mulvaney-Jones, Caroline, Hobson, Lucie, Van Duyvenvoorde, Greta, Loftus, Alison, Seward, Katie, Penn, Ruth, Maiden, Jane, Damant, Rose, Hails, Janeane, Cloudsdale, Rebecca, Silvestre, Valeria, Glenn, Sue, Dungca, Eleanor, Wheatley, Natalie, Doyle, Helen, Kent, Melanie, Hamilton, Caroline, Braim, Delyth, Wooldridge, Helen, Abrahams, Rachel, Paton, Alison, Lancaster, Nicola, Gibbins, Andrew, Hogben, Karen, Desousa, Phillipa, Muscariu, Florin, Musselwhite, Janine, Mckay, Alexandra, Tan, Laiting, Foale, Carole, Brighton, Jacqueline, Flahive, Kerry, Nambela, Estelle, Townshend, Paula, Ford, Chri, Holder, Sophie, Palmer, Caroline, Featherstone, Jame, Nasseri, Mariam, Sadeghian, Joy, Williams, Bronwen, Thomas, Carol, Rolls, Sally-Ann, Hynes, Abigail, Duggan, Claire, Jones, Sarah, Crossey, Mary, Stansfield, Glyni, Macnicol, Carolyn, Wilkins, Joy, Wilhelmsen, Elva, Raymode, Parizade, Lee, Hye-Jeong, Durant, Emma, Bishop, Rebecca, Ncube, Noma, Tripoli, Sherill, Casey, Rebecca, Cowley, Caroline, Miller, Richard, Houghton, Kathryn, Ducker, Samantha, Wright, Fiona, Bird, Bridget, Baxter, Gwen, Keggans, Janie, Hughes, Maggie, Grieve, Emma, Young, Karin, Ocker, Kate, Hines, France, Martin, Kirsty, Innes, Caron, Valliani, Talal, Fairlamb, Helen, Thornthwaite, Sarah, Eastick, Anne, Tanqueray, Elizabeth, Morrison, Jennifer, Holbrook, Becky, Browning, Julie, Walker, Kirsten, Congreave, Susan, Verheyden, Juliette, Slininger, Susan, Stafford, Lizzie, O'Donnell, Denise, Ainsworth, Mark, Lord, Susan, Kent, Linda, March, Linda, Dickson, Christine, Simpson, Diane, Longhurst, Beverley, Hayes, Maria, Shpuza, Ervin, White, Nikki, Besley, Sarah, Pearson, Sallyanne, Wright, Alice, Jones, Linda, Gunter, Emma, Dewhurst, Hannah, Fouracres, Anna, Farrington, Liz, Graves, Lyn, Marriott, Suzie, Leoni, Marina, Tyrer, David, Martin, Kate, Dali-Kemmery, Lola, Lambourne, Victoria, Green, Marie, Sirdefield, Dawn, Amor, Kelly, Colley, Julie, Shinder, Bal, Jones, Jayne, Mills, Marisa, Carnahan, Mandy, Taylor, Natalie, Boulton, Kerenza, Tregonning, Julie, Brown, Carly, Clifford, Gayle, Archer, Emily, Hamilton, Maria, Curtis, Janette, Shewan, Tracey, Walsh, Sue, Warner, Karen, Netherton, Kimberley, Mupudzi, Mcdonald, Gunson, Bridget, Gitahi, Jane, Gocher, Denise, Batham, Sally, Pateman, Hilary, Desmennu, Senayon, Conder, Jill, Clement, Darren, Gallagher, Susan, Orpe, Jacky, Chan, Puiching, Currie, Lynn, O'Donohoe, Lynn, Oblak, Metod, Morgan, Lisa, Quinn, Marie, Amey, Isobel, Baird, Yolanda, Cotterill, Donna, Cumlat, Lourde, Winter, Louise, Greer, Sandra, Spurdle, Katie, Allison, Joanna, Dyer, Simon, Sweeting, Helen, Kordula, Jean, Heather J., Cordell, Younghun, Han, George F., Mell, Yafang, Li, Gideon M., Hirschfield, Casey S., Greene, Gang, Xie, Brian D., Juran, Dakai, Zhu, David C., Qian, James A. B., Floyd, Katherine I., Morley, Daniele, Prati, Ana, Lleo, Daniele, Cusi, Canadian US PBC, Consortium, Italian PBC Genetics Study, Group, UK PBC, Consortium, M., Eric Gershwin, Carl A., Anderson, Konstantinos N., Lazaridi, Pietro, Invernizzi, Michael F., Seldin, Richard N., Sandford, Christopher I., Amo, Katherine A., Siminovitch, Cordell H.J., Han Y., Mells G.F., Li Y., Hirschfield G.M., Greene C.S., Xie G., Juran B.D., Zhu D., Qian D.C., Floyd J.A.B., Morley K.I., Prati D., Lleo A., Cusi D., Gershwin M.E., Anderson C.A., Lazaridis K.N., Invernizzi P., Seldin M.F., Sandford R.N., Amos C.I., Siminovitch K.A., Schlicht E.M., Lammert C., Atkinson E.J., Chan L.L., De Andrade M., Balschun T., Mason A.L., Myers R.P., Zhang J., Milkiewicz P., Qu J., Odin J.A., Luketic V.A., Bacon B.R., Bodenheimer H.C., Liakina V., Vincent C., Levy C., Gregersen P.K., Almasio P.L., Alvaro D., Andreone P., Andriulli A., Barlassina C., Battezzati P.M., Benedetti A., Bernuzzi F., Bianchi I., Bragazzi M.C., Brunetto M., Bruno S., Casella G., Coco B., Colli A., Colombo M., Colombo S., Cursaro C., Croce L.S., Crosignani A., Donato M.F., Elia G., Fabris L., Ferrari C., Floreani A., Foglieni B., Fontana R., Galli A., Lazzari R., Macaluso F., Malinverno F., Marra F., Marzioni M., Mattalia A., Montanari R., Morini L., Morisco F., Mousa Hani S., Muratori L., Muratori P., Niro G.A., Palmieri V.O., Picciotto A., Podda M., Portincasa P., Ronca V., Rosina F., Rossi S., Sogno I., Spinzi G., Spreafico M., Strazzabosco M., Tarallo S., Tarocchi M., Tiribelli C., Toniutto P., Vinci M., Zuin M., Ch'Ng C.L., Rahman M., Yapp T., Sturgess R., Healey C., Czajkowski M., Gunasekera A., Gyawali P., Premchand P., Kapur K., Marley R., Foster G., Watson A., Dias A., Subhani J., Harvey R., McCorry R., Ramanaden D., Gasem J., Evans R., Mathialahan T., Shorrock C., Lipscomb G., Southern P., Tibble J., Gorard D., Palegwala A., Jones S., Carbone M., Dawwas M., Alexander G., Dolwani S., Prince M., Foxton M., Elphick D., Mitchison H., Gooding I., Karmo M., Saksena S., Mendall M., Patel M., Ede R., Austin A., Sayer J., Hankey L., Hovell C., Fisher N., Carter M., Koss K., Piotrowicz A., Grimley C., Neal D., Lim G., Levi S., Ala A., Broad A., Saeed A., Wood G., Brown J., Wilkinson M., Gordon H., Ramage J., Ridpath J., Ngatchu T., Grover B., Shaukat S., Shidrawi R., Abouda G., Ali F., Rees I., Salam I., Narain M., Brown A., Taylor-Robinson S., Williams S., Grellier L., Banim P., Das D., Chilton A., Heneghan M., Curtis H., Gess M., Drake I., Aldersley M., Davies M., Jones R., McNair A., Srirajaskanthan R., Pitcher M., Sen S., Bird G., Barnardo A., Kitchen P., Yoong K., Chirag O., Sivaramakrishnan N., MacFaul G., Jones D., Shah A., Evans C., Saha S., Pollock K., Bramley P., Mukhopadhya A., Fraser A., Mills P., Shallcross C., Campbell S., Bathgate A., Shepherd A., Dillon J., Rushbrook S., Przemioslo R., Macdonald C., Metcalf J., Shmueli U., Davis A., Naqvi A., Lee T., Stephen D., Collier J., Klass H., Ninkovic M., Cramp M., Sharer N., Aspinall R., Goggin P., Ghosh D., Douds A., Hoeroldt B., Booth J., Williams E., Hussaini H., Stableforth W., Ayres R., Thorburn D., Marshall E., Burroughs A., Mann S., Lombard M., Richardson P., Patanwala I., Maltby J., Brookes M., Mathew R., Vyas S., Singhal S., Gleeson D., Misra S., Butterworth J., George K., Harding T., Douglass A., Panter S., Shearman J., Bray G., Butcher G., Forton D., McLindon J., Cowan M., Whatley G., Mandal A., Gupta H., Sanghi P., Jain S., Pereira S., Prasad G., Watts G., Wright M., Neuberger J., Gordon F., Unitt E., Grant A., Delahooke T., Higham A., Brind A., Cox M., Ramakrishnan S., King A., Collins C., Whalley S., Li A., Fraser J., Bell A., Wong V.S., Singhal A., Gee I., Ang Y., Ransford R., Gotto J., Millson C., Bowles J., Thomas C., Harrison M., Galaska R., Kendall J., Whiteman J., Lawlor C., Gray C., Elliott K., Mulvaney-Jones C., Hobson L., Van Duyvenvoorde G., Loftus A., Seward K., Penn R., Maiden J., Damant R., Hails J., Cloudsdale R., Silvestre V., Glenn S., Dungca E., Wheatley N., Doyle H., Kent M., Hamilton C., Braim D., Wooldridge H., Abrahams R., Paton A., Lancaster N., Gibbins A., Hogben K., Desousa P., Muscariu F., Musselwhite J., McKay A., Tan L., Foale C., Brighton J., Flahive K., Nambela E., Townshend P., Ford C., Holder S., Palmer C., Featherstone J., Nasseri M., Sadeghian J., Williams B., Rolls S.-A., Hynes A., Duggan C., Crossey M., Stansfield G., MacNicol C., Wilkins J., Wilhelmsen E., Raymode P., Lee H.-J., Durant E., Bishop R., Ncube N., Tripoli S., Casey R., Cowley C., Miller R., Houghton K., Ducker S., Wright F., Bird B., Baxter G., Keggans J., Hughes M., Grieve E., Young K., Williams D., Ocker K., Hines F., Martin K., Innes C., Valliani T., Fairlamb H., Thornthwaite S., Eastick A., Tanqueray E., Morrison J., Holbrook B., Browning J., Walker K., Congreave S., Verheyden J., Slininger S., Stafford L., O'Donnell D., Ainsworth M., Lord S., Kent L., March L., Dickson C., Simpson D., Longhurst B., Hayes M., Shpuza E., White N., Besley S., Pearson S., Wright A., Jones L., Gunter E., Dewhurst H., Fouracres A., Farrington L., Graves L., Marriott S., Leoni M., Tyrer D., Dali-Kemmery L., Lambourne V., Green M., Sirdefield D., Amor K., Colley J., Shinder B., Jones J., Mills M., Carnahan M., Taylor N., Boulton K., Tregonning J., Brown C., Clifford G., Archer E., Hamilton M., Curtis J., Shewan T., Walsh S., Warner K., Netherton K., Mupudzi M., Gunson B., Gitahi J., Gocher D., Batham S., Pateman H., Desmennu S., Conder J., Clement D., Gallagher S., Orpe J., Chan P., Currie L., O'Donohoe L., Oblak M., Morgan L., Quinn M., Amey I., Baird Y., Cotterill D., Cumlat L., Winter L., Greer S., Spurdle K., Allison J., Dyer S., Sweeting H., Kordula J., Cordell, H, Han, Y, Mells, G, Li, Y, Hirschfield, G, Greene, C, Xie, G, Juran, B, Zhu, D, Qian, D, Floyd, J, Morley, K, Prati, D, Lleo, A, Cusi, D, Gershwin, M, Anderson, C, Lazaridis, K, Invernizzi, P, Seldin, M, Sandford, R, Amos, C, Siminovitch, K, Schlicht, E, Lammert, C, Atkinson, E, Chan, L, De Andrade, M, Balschun, T, Mason, A, Myers, R, Zhang, J, Milkiewicz, P, Qu, J, Odin, J, Luketic, V, Bacon, B, Bodenheimer, H, Liakina, V, Vincent, C, Levy, C, Gregersen, P, Almasio, P, Alvaro, D, Andreone, P, Andriulli, A, Barlassina, C, Battezzati, P, Benedetti, A, Bernuzzi, F, Bianchi, I, Bragazzi, M, Brunetto, M, Bruno, S, Casella, G, Coco, B, Colli, A, Colombo, M, Colombo, S, Cursaro, C, Crocè, L, Crosignani, A, Donato, M, Elia, G, Fabris, L, Ferrari, C, Floreani, A, Foglieni, B, Fontana, R, Galli, A, Lazzari, R, Macaluso, F, Malinverno, F, Marra, F, Marzioni, M, Mattalia, A, Montanari, R, Morini, L, Morisco, F, Mousa Hani, S, Muratori, L, Muratori, P, Niro, G, Palmieri, V, Picciotto, A, Podda, M, Portincasa, P, Ronca, V, Rosina, F, Rossi, S, Sogno, I, Spinzi, G, Spreafico, M, Strazzabosco, M, Tarallo, S, Tarocchi, M, Tiribelli, C, Toniutto, P, Vinci, M, Zuin, M, Ch'Ng, C, Rahman, M, Yapp, T, Sturgess, R, Healey, C, Czajkowski, M, Gunasekera, A, Gyawali, P, Premchand, P, Kapur, K, Marley, R, Foster, G, Watson, A, Dias, A, Subhani, J, Harvey, R, Mccorry, R, Ramanaden, D, Gasem, J, Evans, R, Mathialahan, T, Shorrock, C, Lipscomb, G, Southern, P, Tibble, J, Gorard, D, Palegwala, A, Jones, S, Carbone, M, Dawwas, M, Alexander, G, Dolwani, S, Prince, M, Foxton, M, Elphick, D, Mitchison, H, Gooding, I, Karmo, M, Saksena, S, Mendall, M, Patel, M, Ede, R, Austin, A, Sayer, J, Hankey, L, Hovell, C, Fisher, N, Carter, M, Koss, K, Piotrowicz, A, Grimley, C, Neal, D, Lim, G, Levi, S, Ala, A, Broad, A, Saeed, A, Wood, G, Brown, J, Wilkinson, M, Gordon, H, Ramage, J, Ridpath, J, Ngatchu, T, Grover, B, Shaukat, S, Shidrawi, R, Abouda, G, Ali, F, Rees, I, Salam, I, Narain, M, Brown, A, Taylor Robinson, S, Williams, S, Grellier, L, Banim, P, Das, D, Chilton, A, Heneghan, M, Curtis, H, Gess, M, Drake, I, Aldersley, M, Davies, M, Jones, R, Mcnair, A, Srirajaskanthan, R, Pitcher, M, Sen, S, Bird, G, Barnardo, A, Kitchen, P, Yoong, K, Chirag, O, Sivaramakrishnan, N, Macfaul, G, Jones, D, Shah, A, Evans, C, Saha, S, Pollock, K, Bramley, P, Mukhopadhya, A, Fraser, A, Mills, P, Shallcross, C, Campbell, S, Bathgate, A, Shepherd, A, Dillon, J, Rushbrook, S, Przemioslo, R, Macdonald, C, Metcalf, J, Shmueli, U, Davis, A, Naqvi, A, Lee, T, Stephen, D, Collier, J, Klass, H, Ninkovic, M, Cramp, M, Sharer, N, Aspinall, R, Goggin, P, Ghosh, D, Douds, A, Hoeroldt, B, Booth, J, Williams, E, Hussaini, H, Stableforth, W, Ayres, R, Thorburn, D, Marshall, E, Burroughs, A, Mann, S, Lombard, M, Richardson, P, Patanwala, I, Maltby, J, Brookes, M, Mathew, R, Vyas, S, Singhal, S, Gleeson, D, Misra, S, Butterworth, J, George, K, Harding, T, Douglass, A, Panter, S, Shearman, J, Bray, G, Butcher, G, Forton, D, Mclindon, J, Cowan, M, Whatley, G, Mandal, A, Gupta, H, Sanghi, P, Jain, S, Pereira, S, Prasad, G, Watts, G, Wright, M, Neuberger, J, Gordon, F, Unitt, E, Grant, A, Delahooke, T, Higham, A, Brind, A, Cox, M, Ramakrishnan, S, King, A, Collins, C, Whalley, S, Li, A, Fraser, J, Bell, A, Wong, V, Singhal, A, Gee, I, Ang, Y, Ransford, R, Gotto, J, Millson, C, Bowles, J, Thomas, C, Harrison, M, Galaska, R, Kendall, J, Whiteman, J, Lawlor, C, Gray, C, Elliott, K, Mulvaney Jones, C, Hobson, L, Van Duyvenvoorde, G, Loftus, A, Seward, K, Penn, R, Maiden, J, Damant, R, Hails, J, Cloudsdale, R, Silvestre, V, Glenn, S, Dungca, E, Wheatley, N, Doyle, H, Kent, M, Hamilton, C, Braim, D, Wooldridge, H, Abrahams, R, Paton, A, Lancaster, N, Gibbins, A, Hogben, K, Desousa, P, Muscariu, F, Musselwhite, J, Mckay, A, Tan, L, Foale, C, Brighton, J, Flahive, K, Nambela, E, Townshend, P, Ford, C, Holder, S, Palmer, C, Featherstone, J, Nasseri, M, Sadeghian, J, Williams, B, Rolls, S, Hynes, A, Duggan, C, Crossey, M, Stansfield, G, Macnicol, C, Wilkins, J, Wilhelmsen, E, Raymode, P, Lee, H, Durant, E, Bishop, R, Ncube, N, Tripoli, S, Casey, R, Cowley, C, Miller, R, Houghton, K, Ducker, S, Wright, F, Bird, B, Baxter, G, Keggans, J, Hughes, M, Grieve, E, Young, K, Williams, D, Ocker, K, Hines, F, Martin, K, Innes, C, Valliani, T, Fairlamb, H, Thornthwaite, S, Eastick, A, Tanqueray, E, Morrison, J, Holbrook, B, Browning, J, Walker, K, Congreave, S, Verheyden, J, Slininger, S, Stafford, L, O'Donnell, D, Ainsworth, M, Lord, S, Kent, L, March, L, Dickson, C, Simpson, D, Longhurst, B, Hayes, M, Shpuza, E, White, N, Besley, S, Pearson, S, Wright, A, Jones, L, Gunter, E, Dewhurst, H, Fouracres, A, Farrington, L, Graves, L, Marriott, S, Leoni, M, Tyrer, D, Dali Kemmery, L, Lambourne, V, Green, M, Sirdefield, D, Amor, K, Colley, J, Shinder, B, Jones, J, Mills, M, Carnahan, M, Taylor, N, Boulton, K, Tregonning, J, Brown, C, Clifford, G, Archer, E, Hamilton, M, Curtis, J, Shewan, T, Walsh, S, Warner, K, Netherton, K, Mupudzi, M, Gunson, B, Gitahi, J, Gocher, D, Batham, S, Pateman, H, Desmennu, S, Conder, J, Clement, D, Gallagher, S, Orpe, J, Chan, P, Currie, L, O'Donohoe, L, Oblak, M, Morgan, L, Quinn, M, Amey, I, Baird, Y, Cotterill, D, Cumlat, L, Winter, L, Greer, S, Spurdle, K, Allison, J, Dyer, S, Sweeting, H, and Kordula, J
Subjects: Liver Cirrhosis, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), pathogenesi, risk assessment EMTREE medical terms: Article, genetic association, genotype, EMTREE drug terms: chemokine receptor CCR6, genetic risk, Biochemistry, meta-analysi, primary biliary cirrhosi, chemokine receptor CCR6 [EMTREE drug terms], single nucleotide polymorphism, genetic variability, Article [risk assessment EMTREE medical terms], Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, pathogenesis, Biliary, Chemistry (all), STAT protein GEOBASE Subject Index: disease treatment, cohort analysis, genome wide meta analysis PBC, signal transduction, gene locus, cohort analysi, CBP, Article, Physics and Astronomy (all), macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha, Humans, controlled study, human, interleukin 27, genome, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), meta analysi, interleukin 12p40, interleukin 12, Janus kinase, meta-analysis, pathogen, genetic predisposition, major clinical study, meta analysis, primary biliary cirrhosis, disease treatment [STAT protein GEOBASE Subject Index], Genome-Wide Association Study, gene locu
Abstract: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery data sets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4,261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined, Primary biliary cirrhosis is an autoimmune liver disease with poor therapeutic options. Here Cordell et al. a perform meta-analysis of European genome-wide association studies identifying six novel risk loci and a number of potential therapeutic pathways.
Published: 2015
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25. The case for simplifying and using absolute targets for viral hepatitis elimination goals

Author: Tsendsuren S. Oyunsuren, Chari Cohen, Waseem Hamoudi, Yao‐Chun Hsu, Harry L.A. Janssen, Hisham El Khayat, Manal H El-Sayed, Wan-Long Chuang, Young-Suk Lim, Mohamed Hassany, Fernando Passos Cupertino de Barros, Faisal Abaalkhail, Stefan Zeuzem, Samual S Lee, Miriam T. Levy, Imam Waked, Vassiliki Papaevangelou, James Fung, Erika Castro Batänjer, Kathryn Razavi-Shearer, Boatemaa Ntiri‐ Reid, Rosmawati Mohamed, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Robert Flisiak, Alnoor Ramji, Carole Seguin-Devaux, Sherif Mogawer, Béla Hunyady, Huma Qureshi, Mojca Matičič, Martin Lagging, Mark W. Sonderup, Xiaoguang Dou, Anne Oevrehus, William Sievert, Ezequiel Ridruejo, Ann-Sofi Duberg, Ahad Eshraghian, R. P. Shanmugam, Arif Nawaz, Qing Xie, Rick Dunn, Sayed Himatt, Daniel Shouval, Mendez Sanchez Nahum, Sabahattin Kaymakoglu, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Soek-Siam Tan, Willis Maddrey, Papu Prasad, Amjad Salamat, Stephanie Popping, Alice Lee, Maurizia Rossana Brunetto, Khalid Alswat, Peyton Thompson, Dong Joon Kim, Henry Chang, Amir Ali Sohrabpour, Ellen Dugan, Peer Brehm Christensen, David A. M. C. van de Vijver, Joaquín Cabezas, Su Wang, Ala I. Sharara, Peter Jarcuska, Karine Lacombe, Danjuma Adda, Sammy Saab, Chien-Jen Chen, Hwai I. Yang, Sanaa Said, Raymond F. Schinazi, Shyamasundaran Kottilil, Graham R. Foster, Qing Ning, Mehlika Toy, Ira M. Jacobson, Ayat R. Abdallah, Laura Cisneros, Dhondup Tashi, Naveed Z. Janjua, Moutaz Derbala, Marcelo Kugelmas, Steven L. Flamm, Angelos Hatzakis, Yusuf Yilmaz, Mark S. Sulkowski, Eugene R. Schiff, Kakharman Yesmembetov, John F. Dillon, Rittoo Prithiviputh, Carlos Eduardo Brandão-Mello, Rajender Reddy, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Lewis R. Roberts, Javier Crespo, Massimo Colombo, Nancy Steinfurth, I. M. Hoepelman, Kosh Agarwal, Faisal M. Sanai, Waleed Al-Hamoudi, Shuang Liu, Beat Muellhaupt, Sonjelle Shilton, Curtis Cooper, Calvin Q. Pan, Aijaz Ahmed, Wai-cheung C Lao, Alejandro Soza, Patricia Vélez‐Möller, Ibrahim Altraif, Tarik Asselah, Junko Tanaka, Badr Aljarallah, Adriana Vince, Faryal Khamis, Juan Francisco Sánchez-Ávila, Rafael Esteban Mur, Kimberly A. Brown, Saad Al-Kaabi, Ming-Lung Yu, Jonas Valantinas, Marieta Simonova, Javier García-Samaniego, Do Young Kim, Ieva Tolmane, Valentina Liakina, Antonio Craxì, Devin Razavi-Shearer, Waldemar Halota, Stuart K. Roberts, Donna Cryer, Kenneth Kabagambe, William Remak, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Brian Conway, Sameera Ezzat, C Wendy Spearman, Karolin Falconer, Maria C Mendes Correa, Poonam Mathur, Ferruccio Bonino, Jose Luis Calleja, Said A. Al-Busafi, E. A. Croes, Tim Block, Shahin Merat, Francesco Negro, Reza Malekzadeh, Fernando L. Gonçales, Amany Zekry, Wahid Doss, Michael Ninburg, Philip Bruggmann, Man-Fung Yuen, George V. Papatheodoridis, Aasim Yusuf, David Kershenobich, Bruce R. Bacon, Abdul Rahman Bizri, Gamal Esmat, Sarah Blach, Hamad Al-Romaihi, Tatsuya Kanto, Ibrahim Mostafa, Homie Razavi, Alessio Aghemo, Mauricio Orrego, Jia-Horng Kao, Daniel Lavanchy, Zobair M. Younossi, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, Anna Kramvis, David H. Muljono, Clemens Richter, Hla-Hla Thein, Fernando Bessone, Paulo Roberto Abrão Ferreira, Geoffrey Dusheiko, Susan Hay, Geert Robaeys, Eduardo Fassio, Loreta A. Kondili, Jorge Mera, Khalid Al-Naamani, Alaa Osman, Saleh A. Alqahtani, Joseph Doyle, Necati Örmeci, Yee Tak Hui, Heiner Wedemeyer, Laith Jamal Abu Raddad, Masayuki Kurosaki, Rui Tato Marinho, Robert G. Gish, Zaigham Abbas, Seiji Yamada, Giada Sebastiani, Cihan Yurdaydin, Maria Buti, Paulo Ferrinho, Razavi H., Blach S., Razavi-Shearer D., Abaalkhail F., Abbas Z., Abdallah A., Abrao Ferreira P., Abu Raddad L.J., Adda D., Agarwal K., Aghemo A., Ahmed A., Al-Busafi S.A., Al-hamoudi W., Al-Kaabi S., Al-Romaihi H., Aljarallah B., AlNaamani K., Alqahtani S., Alswat K., Altraif I., Asselah T., Bacon B., Bessone F., Bizri A.R., Block T., Bonino F., Brandao-Mello C.E., Brown K., Bruggmann P., Brunetto M.R., Buti M., Cabezas J., Calleja J.L., Castro Batanjer E., Chan H.L.-Y., Chang H., Chen C.-J., Christensen P.B., Chuang W.-L., Cisneros L., Cohen C., Colombo M., Conway B., Cooper C., Craxi A., Crespo J., Croes E., Cryer D., Cupertino de Barros F.P., Derbala M., Dillon J., Doss W., Dou X., Doyle J., Duberg A.-S., Dugan E., Dunn R., Dusheiko G., El Khayat H., El-Sayed M.H., Eshraghian A., Esmat G., Esteban Mur R., Ezzat S., Falconer K., Fassio E., Ferrinho P., Flamm S., Flisiak R., Foster G., Fung J., Garcia-Samaniego J., Gish R.G., Goncales F., Halota W., Hamoudi W., Hassany M., Hatzakis A., Hay S., Himatt S., Hoepelman I.M., Hsu Y.-C., Hui Y.T., Hunyady B., Jacobson I., Janjua N., Janssen H., Jarcuska P., Kabagambe K., Kanto T., Kao J.-H., Kaymakoglu S., Kershenobich D., Khamis F., Kim D.J., Kim D.Y., Kondili L.A., Kottilil S., Kramvis A., Kugelmas M., Kurosaki M., Lacombe K., Lagging M., Lao W.-C., Lavanchy D., Lazarus J.V., Lee A., Lee S.S., Levy M., Liakina V., Lim Y.-S., Liu S., Maddrey W., Malekzadeh R., Marinho R.T., Mathur P., Maticic M., Mendes Correa M.C., Mera J., Merat S., Mogawer S., Mohamed R., Muellhaupt B., Muljono D., Mostafa I., Nahum M.S., Nawaz A., Negro F., Ninburg M., Ning Q., Ntiri- Reid B., Nymadawa P., Oevrehus A., Ormeci N., Orrego M., Osman A., Oyunsuren T., Pan C., Papaevangelou V., Papatheodoridis G., Popping S., Prasad P., Prithiviputh R., Qureshi H., Ramji A., Razavi-Shearer K., Reddy R., Remak W., Richter C., Ridruejo E., Robaeys G., Roberts S., Roberts L., Roudot-Thoraval F., Saab S., Said S., Salamat A., Sanai F., Sanchez-Avila J.F., Schiff E., Schinazi R., Sebastiani G., Seguin-Devaux C., Shanmugam R.P., Sharara A., Shilton S., Shouval D., Sievert W., Simonova M., Sohrabpour A.A., Sonderup M., Soza A., Wendy Spearman C., Steinfurth N., Sulkowski M., Tan S.-S., Tanaka J., Tashi D., Thein H.-H., Thompson P., Tolmane I., Toy M., Valantinas J., Van de Vijver D., Velez-Moller P., Vince A., Waked I., Wang S., Wedemeyer H., Wong V., Xie Q., Yamada S., Yang H.-I., Yesmembetov K., Yilmaz Y., Younossi Z., Yu M.-L., Yuen M.-F., Yurdaydin C., Yusuf A., Zekry A., Zeuzem S., Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Virology, and Negro, Francesco
Subjects: ddc:616, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Hepatology, Hepatitis, Viral, Human, business.industry, Liver Neoplasms, ddc:616.07, medicine.disease, World Health Organization, Virology, digestive system diseases, Goal, Infectious Diseases, Absolute (philosophy), SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, medicine, Humans, Viral hepatitis, business, Goals, Human
Abstract: The 69th World Health Assembly endorsed the Global Health Sector Strategy for Viral Hepatitis, embracing a goal to eliminate hepatitis infection as a public health threat by 2030. This was followed by the World Health Organization's (WHO) global targets for the care and management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. These announcements and targets were important in raising awareness and calling for action; however, tracking countries’ progress towards these elimination goals has provided insights to the limitations of these targets. The existing targets compare a country's progress relative to its 2015 values, penalizing countries who started their programmes prior to 2015, countries with a young population, or countries with a low prevalence. We recommend that (1) WHO simplify the hepatitis elimination targets, (2) change to absolute targets and (3) allow countries to achieve these disease targets with their own service coverage initiatives that will have the maximum impact. The recommended targets are as follows: reduce HCV new chronic cases to ≤5 per 100000, reduce HBV prevalence among 1-year-olds to ≤0.1%, reduce HBV and HCV mortality to ≤5 per 100000, and demonstrate HBV and HCV year-to-year decrease in new HCV- and HBV-related HCC cases. The objective of our recommendations is not to lower expectations or diminish the hepatitis elimination standards, but to provide clearer targets that recognize the past and current elimination efforts by countries, help measure progress towards true elimination, and motivate other countries to follow suit.
Published: 2021
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26. Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study

Author: Mei Hsuan Lee, Maurizia Rossana Brunetto, Stefan Mauss, Sabahattin Kaymakoglu, CE Omuemu, Danjuma Adda, Philip Bruggmann, Beat Müllhaupt, Trân D Quang, Peter Jarcuska, Man-Fung Yuen, George V. Papatheodoridis, Rohani Jahis, Ding-Shinn Chen, Necati Örmeci, Christophe Moreno, Angelos Hatzakis, Antoine Abou Rached, Boris Lukšić, Thomas Berg, Renovat Ntagirabiri, Kathryn Razavi-Shearer, Sarah Blach, Gabriela Rjaskova, Samantha M Brandon, Jen Layden, Ohene Opare-Sem, Maria C Mendes Correa, Stefano Vella, Jan Sperl, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Hwai I. Yang, Stephen Oguche, Richard Njouom, Cielo Yaneth Rios, Yee Tak Hui, Behzad Hajarizadeh, Andy I. M. Hoepelman, Javier García-Samaniego, Ammal M. Metwally, Ivane Gamkrelidze, Julia A. Scott, Said A. Al-Busafi, Valentina Liakina, Zaigham Abbas, Olga Sagalova, Rifaat Safadi, Michael Manns, William Sievert, Seyed M Alavian, Kakharman Yesmembetov, Manal H El-Sayed, Juan Francisco Sánchez-Ávila, Wan-Long Chuang, Peter Stärkel, Ziv Ben-Ari, Chris Cunningham, Homie Razavi, Erkin Musabaev, Ulus Salih Akarca, Petr Urbánek, Gamal Shiha, Muhammed Aasim M Yusuf, Nina Weis, Hossein Poustchi, Ilias Gountas, E. A. Croes, Ayman Yosry, Reza Malekzadeh, Kostas Athanasakis, Agustín Albillos, Faleh Z. Al-Faleh, Christoph Sarrazin, Maria Buti, Arif Nawaz, Chung-Lin Yang, Kimberly Murphy, Adriana Vince, Aliya Konysbekova, Soek Siam Tan, Loreta A. Kondili, Mojca Matičič, Karolin Falconer, Hailemichael Desalegn, Alexander Nersesov, Ogu Omede, N. N. Pimenov, Nahum Méndez-Sánchez, Benjamin C Cowie, Helen Nde, Wai-cheung C Lao, Jordan Genov, Imam Waked, Joël Mossong, Ala I. Sharara, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, Vivek A. Saraswat, Diego Alberto Cuellar, Devin Razavi-Shearer, Abraham O. Malu, Rui Tato Marinho, Huma Qureshi, Markus Cornberg, Faisal M. Sanai, Ching-kong K Loo, David Kershenobich, Pavol Kristian, Paulo R. Ferreira, Mel Krajden, Moon Seok Choi, Junko Tanaka, Faryal Al Lawati, Jonathan Schmelzer, Ann-Sofi Duberg, Jan Gerstoft, Lewis R. Roberts, Francesco Negro, Khalid Al Naamani, Wim Laleman, Solomon Obekpa, Henk W. Reesink, Tesia Shin, Richard Gray, Alnoor Ramji, Fadi H. Mourad, Abdul Rahman Bizri, Joop E. Arends, Shahin Merat, Krzysztof Tomasiewicz, Adkhamjon Mamatkulov, Jerzy Jaroszewicz, Peer Brehm Christensen, Adriaan J. van der Meer, Maheeba Abdulla, Frank Tacke, Cesar Yaghi, Pierre Van Damme, Christopher K Opio, Yasir Waheed, Joseph Woodring, Ponsiano Ocama, Zuridin Nurmatov, Bisi Bright, Van Thi Thuy Nguyen, Perttu Arkkila, Nick Walsh, Catherine A.M. Stedman, Mette Rye Clausen, Vladimir Chulanov, Antonio Craxì, Christophe Hézode, Abdulrahman Aljumah, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Fuad Hasan, Sarah Robbins, Sona Frankova, Adrian Goldis, Rong-Nan Chien, Chris Estes, Stephen D. Ryder, Nguyen Thu Anh, Abate Bane, Muhammad S. Memon, Ken Pasini, Ivan Schréter, Sameer Alawadhi, Stuart K. Roberts, Steve S Egeonu, Anil C. Anand, Riina Salupere, Massimo Colombo, Giovanni Battista Gaeta, Maria Lucia Gomes Ferraz, Rosmawati Mohamed, Sylvia Drazilova, Hans Van Vlierberghe, Soo Aleman, Naveed Z. Janjua, Irena Hrstić, Manik Sharma, Carlos E Brandão Mello, Mario G. Pessoa, Berhane Redae, Mindie H. Nguyen, Petr Husa, Vana Sypsa, Samir Shah, Jacques E Mokhbat, Robert Flisiak, Carole Seguin-Devaux, Asad Chaudhry, Inka Aho, Sayed Himatt, Hamad I. Al-Ashgar, Young-Suk Lim, Stefan Zeuzem, University of Zurich, Polaris Observatory Collaborators, Polaris Observ Collaborators, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Experimental Immunology, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Razavi-Shearer D, Gamkrelidze I, Nguyen MH, Chen DS, Van Damme P, Abbas Z, Abdulla M, Abou Rached A, Adda D, Aho I, Akarca U, Hasan F, Al Lawati F, Al Naamani K, Al-Ashgar HI, Alavian SM, Alawadhi S, Albillos A, Al-Busafi SA, Aleman S, Alfaleh FZ, Aljumah AA, Anand AC, Anh NT, Arends JE, Arkkila P, Athanasakis K, Bane A, Ben-Ari Z, Berg T, Bizri AR, Blach S, Brandão Mello CE, Brandon SM, Bright B, Bruggmann P, Brunetto M, Buti M, Chan HLY, Chaudhry A, Chien RN, Choi MS, Christensen PB, Chuang WL, Chulanov V, Clausen MR, Colombo M, Cornberg M, Cowie B, Craxi A, Croes EA, Cuellar DA, Cunningham C, Desalegn H, Drazilova S, Duberg AS, Egeonu SS, El-Sayed MH, Estes C, Falconer K, Ferraz MLG, Ferreira PR, Flisiak R, Frankova S, Gaeta GB, García-Samaniego J, Genov J, Gerstoft J, Goldis A, Gountas I, Gray R, Guimarães Pessôa M, Hajarizadeh B, Hatzakis A, Hézode C, Himatt SM, Hoepelman A, Hrstic I, Hui YT, Husa P, Jahis R, Janjua NZ, Jarčuška P, Jaroszewicz J, Kaymakoglu S, Kershenobich D, Kondili LA, Konysbekova A, Krajden M, Kristian P, Laleman W, Lao WC, Layden J, Lazarus JV, Lee MH, Liakina V, Lim YS, Loo CK, Lukšić B, Malekzadeh R, Malu AO, Mamatkulov A, Manns M, Marinho RT, Maticic M, Mauss S, Memon MS, Mendes Correa MC, Mendez-Sanchez N, Merat S, Metwally AM, Mohamed R, Mokhbat JE, Moreno C, Mossong J, Mourad FH, Müllhaupt B, Murphy K, Musabaev E, Nawaz A, Nde HM, Negro F, Nersesov A, Nguyen VTT, Njouom R, Ntagirabiri R, Nurmatov Z, Obekpa S, Ocama P, Oguche S, Omede O, Omuemu C, Opare-Sem O, Opio CK, Örmeci N, Papatheodoridis G, Pasini K, Pimenov N, Poustchi H, Quang TD, Qureshi H, Ramji A, Razavi-Shearer K, Redae B, Reesink HW, Rios CY, Rjaskova G, Robbins S, Roberts LR, Roberts SK, Ryder SD, Safadi R, Sagalova O, Salupere R, Sanai FM, Sanchez-Avila JF, Saraswat V, Sarrazin C, Schmelzer JD, Schréter I, Scott J, Seguin-Devaux C, Shah SR, Sharara AI, Sharma M, Shiha GE, Shin T, Sievert W, Sperl J, Stärkel P, Stedman C, Sypsa V, Tacke F, Tan SS, Tanaka J, Tomasiewicz K, Urbanek P, van der Meer AJ, Van Vlierberghe H, Vella S, Vince A, Waheed Y, Waked I, Walsh N, Weis N, Wong VW, Woodring J, Yaghi C, Yang HI, Yang CL, Yesmembetov K, Yosry A, Yuen MF, Yusuf MAM, Zeuzem S, Razavi H., Negro, Francesco, Razavi-Shearer, Devin, Gamkrelidze, Ivane, Nguyen, Mindie H, Chen, Ding-Shinn, Van Damme, Pierre, Abbas, Zaigham, Abdulla, Maheeba, Abou Rached, Antoine, Adda, Danjuma, Aho, Inka, Akarca, Ulu, Hasan, Fuad, Al Lawati, Faryal, Al Naamani, Khalid, Al-Ashgar, Hamad Ibrahim, Alavian, Seyed M, Alawadhi, Sameer, Albillos, Agustin, Al-Busafi, Said A, Aleman, Soo, Alfaleh, Faleh Z, Aljumah, Abdulrahman A, Anand, Anil C, Anh, Nguyen Thu, Arends, Joop E, Arkkila, Perttu, Athanasakis, Kosta, Bane, Abate, Ben-Ari, Ziv, Berg, Thoma, Bizri, Abdul R, Blach, Sarah, Brandão Mello, Carlos E, Brandon, Samantha M, Bright, Bisi, Bruggmann, Philip, Brunetto, Maurizia, Buti, Maria, Chan, Henry L Y, Chaudhry, Asad, Chien, Rong-Nan, Choi, Moon S, Christensen, Peer B, Chuang, Wan-Long, Chulanov, Vladimir, Clausen, Mette R, Colombo, Massimo, Cornberg, Marku, Cowie, Benjamin, Craxi, Antonio, Croes, Esther A, Cuellar, Diego Alberto, Cunningham, Chri, Desalegn, Hailemichael, Drazilova, Sylvia, Duberg, Ann-Sofi, Egeonu, Steve S, El-Sayed, Manal H, Estes, Chri, Falconer, Karolin, Ferraz, Maria L G, Ferreira, Paulo R, Flisiak, Robert, Frankova, Sona, Gaeta, Giovanni B, García-Samaniego, Javier, Genov, Jordan, Gerstoft, Jan, Goldis, Adrian, Gountas, Ilia, Gray, Richard, Guimarães Pessôa, Mário, Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Hatzakis, Angelo, Hézode, Christophe, Himatt, Sayed M, Hoepelman, Andy, Hrstic, Irena, Hui, Yee-Tak T, Husa, Petr, Jahis, Rohani, Janjua, Naveed Z, Jarčuška, Peter, Jaroszewicz, Jerzy, Kaymakoglu, Sabahattin, Kershenobich, David, Kondili, Loreta A, Konysbekova, Aliya, Krajden, Mel, Kristian, Pavol, Laleman, Wim, Lao, Wai-cheung C, Layden, Jen, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Mei-Hsuan, Liakina, Valentina, Lim, Young-Suk S, Loo, Ching-kong K, Lukšić, Bori, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malu, Abraham O, Mamatkulov, Adkhamjon, Manns, Michael, Marinho, Rui T, Maticic, Mojca, Mauss, Stefan, Memon, Muhammad S, Mendes Correa, Maria C, Mendez-Sanchez, Nahum, Merat, Shahin, Metwally, Ammal M, Mohamed, Rosmawati, Mokhbat, Jacques E, Moreno, Christophe, Mossong, Joel, Mourad, Fadi H, Müllhaupt, Beat, Murphy, Kimberly, Musabaev, Erkin, Nawaz, Arif, Nde, Helen M, Nersesov, Alexander, Nguyen, Van Thi Thuy, Njouom, Richard, Ntagirabiri, Renovat, Nurmatov, Zuridin, Obekpa, Solomon, Ocama, Ponsiano, Oguche, Stephen, Omede, Ogu, Omuemu, Casimir, Opare-Sem, Ohene, Opio, Christopher K, Örmeci, Necati, Papatheodoridis, George, Pasini, Ken, Pimenov, Nikolay, Poustchi, Hossein, Quang, Trân D, Qureshi, Huma, Ramji, Alnoor, Razavi-Shearer, Kathryn, Redae, Berhane, Reesink, Henk W, Rios, Cielo Yaneth, Rjaskova, Gabriela, Robbins, Sarah, Roberts, Lewis R, Roberts, Stuart K, Ryder, Stephen D, Safadi, Rifaat, Sagalova, Olga, Salupere, Riina, Sanai, Faisal M, Sanchez-Avila, Juan F, Saraswat, Vivek, Sarrazin, Christoph, Schmelzer, Jonathan D, Schréter, Ivan, Scott, Julia, Seguin-Devaux, Carole, Shah, Samir R, Sharara, Ala I, Sharma, Manik, Shiha, Gamal E, Shin, Tesia, Sievert, William, Sperl, Jan, Stärkel, Peter, Stedman, Catherine, Sypsa, Vana, Tacke, Frank, Tan, Soek S, Tanaka, Junko, Tomasiewicz, Krzysztof, Urbanek, Petr, van der Meer, Adriaan J, Van Vlierberghe, Han, Vella, Stefano, Vince, Adriana, Waheed, Yasir, Waked, Imam, Walsh, Nichola, Weis, Nina, Wong, Vincent W, Woodring, Joseph, Yaghi, Cesar, Yang, Hwai-I, Yang, Chung-Lin, Yesmembetov, Kakharman, Yosry, Ayman, Yuen, Man-Fung, Yusuf, Muhammed Aasim M, Zeuzem, Stefan, and Razavi, Homie
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences, HBsAg, Pediatrics, Delphi Technique, Infectious Disease Transmission, CHRONIC HBV INFECTION, NATURAL-HISTORY, FOLLOW-UP, HBSAG, CARRIERS, AGE, COUNTRIES, DISEASE, ANTIGEN, COHORT, ddc:616.07, Global Health, medicine.disease_cause, 0302 clinical medicine, Prevalence, HBV, Child, ddc:616, Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use, education.field_of_study, BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti, Chronic/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission, Gastroenterology, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood, Hepatitis B, 10219 Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Child, Preschool, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Viral hepatitis, Viral load, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatitis B vaccine, Population, 610 Medicine & health, Antiviral Agents, Mass Vaccination, Hepatology, 03 medical and health sciences, Hepatitis B, Chronic, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, medicine, Humans, 2715 Gastroenterology, Preschool, education, Disease burden, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens, business.industry, Viral Vaccines, medicine.disease, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Vertical/prevention & control, 030104 developmental biology, 2721 Hepatology, Human medicine, business
Abstract: PubMed: 29599078, 2-s2.0-85044540918, Background: The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030. Although no virological cure exists for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, existing therapies to control viral replication and prophylaxis to minimise mother-to-child transmission make elimination of HBV feasible. We aimed to estimate the national, regional, and global prevalence of HBsAg in the general population and in the population aged 5 years in 2016, as well as coverage of prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment. Methods: In this modelling study, we used a Delphi process that included a literature review in PubMed and Embase, followed by interviews with experts, to quantify the historical epidemiology of HBV infection. We then used a dynamic HBV transmission and progression model to estimate the country-level and regional-level prevalence of HBsAg in 2016 and the effect of prophylaxis and treatment on disease burden. Findings: We developed models for 120 countries, 78 of which were populated with data approved by experts. Using these models, we estimated that the global prevalence of HBsAg in 2016 was 3·9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·4–4·6), corresponding to 291 992 000 (251 513 000–341 114 000) infections. Of these infections, around 29 million (10%) were diagnosed, and only 4·8 million (5%) of 94 million individuals eligible for treatment actually received antiviral therapy. Around 1·8 (1·6–2·2) million infections were in children aged 5 years, with a prevalence of 1·4% (1·2–1·6). We estimated that 87% of infants had received the three-dose HBV vaccination in the first year of life, 46% had received timely birth-dose vaccination, and 13% had received hepatitis B immunoglobulin along with the full vaccination regimen. Less than 1% of mothers with a high viral load had received antiviral therapy to reduce mother-to-child transmission. Interpretation: Our estimate of HBV prevalence in 2016 differs from previous studies, potentially because we took into account the effect of infant prophylaxis and early childhood vaccination, as well as changing prevalence over time. Although some regions are well on their way to meeting prophylaxis and prevalence targets, all regions must substantially scale-up access to diagnosis and treatment to meet the global targets. Funding: John C Martin Foundation. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd, H28-kansei-ippan-001 National Academy of Sciences, NAS Novartis Roche World Health Organization, WHO Gilead Sciences Alnylam Pharmaceuticals AbbVie Meso Scale Diagnostics, MSD British Microcirculation Society, BMS Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS: 17H03589 Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, MHLW Vetenskapsrådet, VR Siemens Universiteit Antwerpen OLL-683801, DR-S, IGa, SB, SMB, CE, KM, HMN, KP, KR-S, SR, JDS, and HR report grants from John C Martin Foundation, during the conduct of the study, and grants from Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, WHO, National Academy of Sciences, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, and Boehringer Ingelheim, outside the submitted work. MHN reports grants and personal fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), Gilead Sciences, and Janssen, and personal fees from Novartis, Anylam, and Dynavax, outside the submitted work. PVD acts as chief and principal investigator for vaccine trials done on behalf of the University of Antwerp, Belgium, for which the University obtains research grants from vaccine manufacturers; speaker's fees for presentations on vaccines are paid directly to an educational fund held by the University of Antwerp, and PVD receives no personal remuneration for this work. ACA reports personal fees from Mylan Pharmaceuticals, outside the submitted work. JEA reports fees paid to his hospital for participation on the advisory boards of Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, BMS, Janssen, and AbbVie, and grants from BMS, Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), AbbVie, and ViiV Healthcare, outside the submitted work. TB reports grants, personal fees, and non-financial support from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences; grants and personal fees from BMS, Janssen, Roche, MSD, and Sequana Medical; and personal fees from Bayer, Vertex, Tibotec, Intercept, Sirtex, and Alexion, outside the submitted work. PB reports grants and personal fees from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and MSD, outside the submitted work. MBr reports personal fees from BMS, Gilead Sciences, and Janssen, and grants from BMS, outside the submitted work. HLYC reports personal fees from Gilead Sciences, BMS, AbbVie, Roche, MedImmune, and Intellia, outside the submitted work. PBC reports grants from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and MSD, outside the submitted work. VC reports personal fees from AbbVie, BMS, Gilead Sciences, and MSD, and grants from BMS, outside the submitted work. MCor reports personal fees from AbbVie, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biogen Idec, Falk Foundation, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, MSD, Roche Diagnostics, Roche Pharma, and Siemens, outside the submitted work. SD and PJ report personal fees and non-financial support from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences, and personal fees from MSD, outside the submitted work. MHE-S is an advisory board member for Perspectum Diagnostics, and reports grants and non-financial support from Gilead Sciences, and non-financial support from AbbVie and Quadri Pharma, outside the submitted work. RF reports grants, personal fees, and non-financial support from Roche and Gilead Sciences, and personal fees and non-financial support from BMS, outside the submitted work. GBG reports grants and personal fees from Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work. JG-S reports grants and personal fees from Gilead Sciences, and personal fees from MSD, Abbvie, Janssen, and BMS, outside the submitted work. JGer reports grants and personal fees from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, MSD, BMS, and ViiV Healthcare, outside the submitted work. RG reports grants from New South Wales Ministry of Health and provided project advice regarding viral hepatitis treatment to Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work. AHa reports unrestricted grants from AbbVie, MSD, Gilead Sciences, BMS, and Novartis, and non-financial support from Gilead Sciences, outside the submitted work; he was also on advisory boards for AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and BMS. CH reports personal fees from AbbVie, BMS, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, and MSD, outside the submitted work. JJ reports personal fees and non-financial support from Gilead Sciences and AbbVie, and personal fees from Roche and BMS, outside the submitted work. MK reports grants from Roche, Siemens, Hologic, and Boerhinger Ingleheim, outside the submitted work. JVL reports grants and personal fees from Gilead Sciences and personal fees from Cepheid, outside the submitted work. MMan reports personal fees from Roche, BMS, GlaxoSmithKline, Aevi Genomic Medicine, ENYO Pharma, and CureVac, and grants and personal fees from Gilead Sciences and Novartis, outside the submitted work. SMau reports personal fees and non-financial support from Gilead Sciences and BMS, outside the submitted work. CM reports grants and personal fees from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and BMS; personal fees from MSD; and grants from Roche, outside the submitted work. BM reports grants and personal fees from Gilead Sciences and personal fees from AbbVie, MSD, BMS, Bayer, Intercept, and Sigma-Tau, during the conduct of the study. FN reports personal fees and non-financial support from Gilead Sciences, during the conduct of the study. AR reports grants and personal fees from AbbVie, Gilead, and MSD, and personal fees form BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Intercept, and Lupin, outside the submitted work. HWR reports grants and personal fees from AbbVie, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, ENYO Pharma, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, MSD, PRA Health Sciences, Regulus, and Roche; personal fees from Alnylam and R-Pharm; and grants from Replicor, outside the submitted work. LRR reports grants from the Center for Clinical and Translational Science and the Swedish Research Council (Ghana), during the conduct of the study. LRR also reports grants from Gilead Sciences, BTG, Ariad, and Wako, outside the submitted work, and was a consultant and advisory board member for Wako, Medscape, Axis, OncLive, Bayer, Tavec, and Grail. SDR has served as an advisory board member and speaker for Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, and MSD. OS has served as a consultant and on advisory boards for MSD; received research grants from AbbVie, BMS, MSD, Boehringer Ingelheim, R-Pharm, and Hepatera; and served as a speaker for Abbott, AbbVie, BMS, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, MSD, and R-Pharm. JFS-A reports personal fees from AbbVie and grants from Gilead Sciences and Janssen, outside the submitted work. CSa reports personal fees from Gilead Sciences and BMS, outside the submitted work. PS reports grants and personal fees from Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, and BMS, and personal fees from Intercept, outside the submitted work. CSt has consulted with and served on advisory boards for Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, and MSD. VSy reports grants and personal fees from Gilead Sciences, personal fees and non-financial support from AbbVie, and personal fees from Janssen, outside the submitted work. KT reports grants and personal fees from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and BMS; personal fees from MSD and Alfa Wasserman; and grants from Janssen, outside the submitted work. AJvdM reports grants and personal fees from Gilead Sciences and personal fees from AbbVie, outside the submitted work. IW reports personal fees from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Marcyrl, Mylan, Onxio, and Pharco, outside the submitted work. NW reports personal fees paid to her department from AbbVie, BMS, Gilead Sciences, and MSD, outside the submitted work. VWW reports personal fees from Gilead Sciences, BMS, and MSD, outside the submitted work. M-FY was a speaker or advisory board member for AbbVie, BMS, Gilead Sciences, Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Fujirebio, Biocartis, and MSD, outside the submitted work. SZ reports consultancy and lecture fees from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and MSD, and consultancy fees from Intercept, outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests., This study was funded by the John C Martin Foundation through the Polaris Observatory. We thank the Research on Hepatitis group (H28-kansei-ippan-001 and H25-kanen-ippan-010; led by JT), funded by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, for their provision of country-level data for Japan, and Örebro County Council for providing ALF grants (OLL-683801) to A-SD, which allowed collection of country-level data for Sweden.
Published: 2018
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27. Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015:a modelling study

Author: Hans Van Vlierberghe, Soo Aleman, Naveed Z. Janjua, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, Olufunmilayo A. Lesi, Irena Hrstić, Abdullah M. Assiri, William Rosenberg, Moon sing Lai, Vladimir Chulanov, Jan Sperl, Beat Müllhaupt, Michael Manns, William Sievert, Sabahattin Kaymakoglu, Cesar Yaghi, Evy Yunihastuti, Pierre Van Damme, Jon G. Jonasson, Antonio Javier Blasco, Young Sik Kim, S. Olafsson, Rohani Jahis, Christoph Sarrazin, Manik Sharma, Aasim Yusuf, Omer Hajelssedig, Javier García-Samaniego, Boris Lukšić, Peter Stärkel, Stefan Zeuzem, Stephen Oguche, E. A. Croes, Abdullah S. Alghamdi, Richard Njouom, CE Omuemu, Carlos E Brandão Mello, Adam Mahomed, Behzad Hajarizadeh, Ogu Omede, Said A. Al-Busafi, Sarah Robbins, Peer Brehm Christensen, Ammal M. Metwally, Béla Hunyady, Gamal Esmat, Ivane Gamkrelidze, Maheeba Abdulla, Suzanne Norris, Sarah Blach, Harald Hofer, Maria C Mendes Correa, Devin Razavi-Shearer, Matti Maimets, Chien-Jen Chen, Peter Jarcuska, Marian Oltman, Francesco Negro, Ilias Gountas, Ayman Yosry, Sona Frankova, Adrian Goldis, Laurentius A. Lesmana, Ivan Schréter, Danute Speiciene, Kevork M. Peltekian, Berhane Redae, Stuart K. Roberts, Valentina Liakina, Seyed M Alavian, Wai-cheung C Lao, Ziv Ben-Ari, Imad Al Ghazzawi, Cheryl Brunton, Rudolf E. Stauber, Akram Khan, Tung-Hung Su, Manal H El-Sayed, Kimberly Murphy, Kyriakos Souliotis, Adriana Vince, Ramazan Idilman, Christophe Moreno, Angelos Hatzakis, Lewis R. Roberts, Richard Phillips, Jason Grebely, Michael Gschwantler, Hugo Cheinquer, Vana Sypsa, Samir Shah, Wolfgang Vogel, M. Blachier, Abate Bane, Henri Leleu, Saeed Hamid, Ohene Opare-Sem, Hamad Al-Romaihi, Wan-Long Chuang, Alexander J. Thompson, Agita Jeruma, Robert Flisiak, Catherine A.M. Stedman, Ingo van Thiel, Carole Seguin-Devaux, Jonathan Schmelzer, Juan F.Sanchez Avila, Rui Tato Marinho, Muhammad S. Memon, Nina Weis, Rosmawati Mohamed, Florian Bihl, Moon Seok Choi, David Kershenobich, Vic Arendt, Yee Tak Hui, Mei Hsuan Lee, N. N. Pimenov, Saad Al Kaabi, Ken Pasini, Henrik Krarup, Stefan Mauss, Shahin Merat, Khalid Al Namaani, Rong-Nan Chien, Perttu Arkkila, Henk W. Reesink, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Paul Marotta, Shirley Owusu-Ofori, Fadi H. Mourad, Abdul Rahman Bizri, Chris Estes, Heiner Wedemeyer, Faisal M. Sanai, Mihály Makara, Stephen D. Ryder, Mel Krajden, Laura Cisneros, Adriaan J. van der Meer, Eli Zuckerman, Matthew E. Cramp, Rui Sarmento-Castro, Magnus Gottfredsson, Gregory J. Dore, Huma Qureshi, Yasser Kamel, Olga Sagalova, Rifaat Safadi, Wim Laleman, Solomon Obekpa, Karolin Falconer, Edward Gane, Philip Bruggmann, Fernando Bessone, Jia-Horng Kao, Daniel Lavanchy, Riina Salupere, Anne Øvrehus, Ulus Salih Akarca, Monique Andersson, Man-Fung Yuen, Ala I. Sharara, Olav Dalgard, Homie Razavi, Gamal Shiha, Paulo R. Ferreira, George V. Papatheodoridis, Anatoly Shevaldin, Jawad Khamis, Waseem Hamoudi, Kathryn Razavi-Shearer, Vincent Ws Wong, Loreta A. Kondili, Maria Lucia Gomes Ferraz, Wasim Jafri, Pablo Lázaro, Faisal Abaalkhail, David H. Muljono, Youssif Al Serkal, Imam Waked, Zaher Koutoubi, Oidov Baatarkhuu, Nahum Méndez-Sánchez, Abraham O. Malu, Daniel Struck, Helen Nde, Alnoor Ramji, Ahmed Abdou, Antoine Abou Rached, Michael Li, Diana Nonković, Jorge Daruich, Ezequiel Ridruejo, Gül Ergör, Ann-Sofi Duberg, Krzysztof Tomasiewicz, Filipe Calinas, Hossein Poustchi, Layla Al-Dabal, Jessie Gunter, Mark W. Sonderup, Colm Bergin, Mario G. Pessoa, Jonas Valantinas, Asad Chaudhry, Junko Tanaka, Tsendsuren S. Oyunsuren, Soek Siam Tan, Vivek A. Saraswat, Young-Suk Lim, Ibrahim Altraif, Victor de Ledinghen, Faryal Al Lawati, Mette Rye Clausen, Ieva Tolmane, Antonio Craxì, Abdulrahman Aljumah, Elmoubashar Farag, Inka Aho, Sayed Himatt, Nishi Prabdial-Sing, Blach S., Zeuzem S., Manns M., Altraif I., Duberg A.-S., Muljono D.H., Waked I., Alavian S.M., Lee M.-H., Negro F., Abaalkhail F., Abdou A., Abdulla M., Abou Rached A., Aho I., Akarca U., Al Ghazzawi I., Al Kaabi S., Al Lawati F., Al Namaani K., Al Serkal Y., Al-Busafi S.A., Al-Dabal L., Aleman S., Alghamdi A.S., Aljumah A.A., Al-Romaihi H.E., Andersson M.I., Arendt V., Arkkila P., Assiri A.M., Baatarkhuu O., Bane A., Ben-Ari Z., Bergin C., Bessone F., Bihl F., Bizri A.R., Blachier M., Blasco A.J., Brandao Mello C.E., Bruggmann P., Brunton C.R., Calinas F., Chan H.L.Y., Chaudhry A., Cheinquer H., Chen C.-J., Chien R.-N., Choi M.S., Christensen P.B., Chuang W.-L., Chulanov V., Cisneros L., Clausen M.R., Cramp M.E., Craxi A., Croes E.A., Dalgard O., Daruich J.R., De Ledinghen V., Dore G.J., El-Sayed M.H., Ergor G., Esmat G., Estes C., Falconer K., Farag E., Ferraz M.L.G., Ferreira P.R., Flisiak R., Frankova S., Gamkrelidze I., Gane E., Garcia-Samaniego J., Khan A.G., Gountas I., Goldis A., Gottfredsson M., Grebely J., Gschwantler M., Guimaraes Pessoa M., Gunter J., Hajarizadeh B., Hajelssedig O., Hamid S., Hamoudi W., Hatzakis A., Himatt S.M., Hofer H., Hrstic I., Hui Y.-T., Hunyady B., Idilman R., Jafri W., Jahis R., Janjua N.Z., Jarcuska P., Jeruma A., Jonasson J.G., Kamel Y., Kao J.-H., Kaymakoglu S., Kershenobich D., Khamis J., Kim Y.S., Kondili L., Koutoubi Z., Krajden M., Krarup H., Lai M.-S., Laleman W., Lao W.-C., Lavanchy D., Lazaro P., Leleu H., Lesi O., Lesmana L.A., Li M., Liakina V., Lim Y.-S., Luksic B., Mahomed A., Maimets M., Makara M., Malu A.O., Marinho R.T., Marotta P., Mauss S., Memon M.S., Mendes Correa M.C., Mendez-Sanchez N., Merat S., Metwally A.M., Mohamed R., Moreno C., Mourad F.H., Mullhaupt B., Murphy K., Nde H., Njouom R., Nonkovic D., Norris S., Obekpa S., Oguche S., Olafsson S., Oltman M., Omede O., Omuemu C., Opare-Sem O., Ovrehus A.L.H., Owusu-Ofori S., Oyunsuren T.S., Papatheodoridis G., Pasini K., Peltekian K.M., Phillips R.O., Pimenov N., Poustchi H., Prabdial-Sing N., Qureshi H., Ramji A., Razavi-Shearer D., Razavi-Shearer K., Redae B., Reesink H.W., Ridruejo E., Robbins S., Roberts L.R., Roberts S.K., Rosenberg W.M., Roudot-Thoraval F., Ryder S.D., Safadi R., Sagalova O., Salupere R., Sanai F.M., Sanchez Avila J.F., Saraswat V., Sarmento-Castro R., Sarrazin C., Schmelzer J.D., Schreter I., Seguin-Devaux C., Shah S.R., Sharara A.I., Sharma M., Shevaldin A., Shiha G.E., Sievert W., Sonderup M., Souliotis K., Speiciene D., Sperl J., Starkel P., Stauber R.E., Stedman C., Struck D., Su T.-H., Sypsa V., Tan S.-S., Tanaka J., Thompson A.J., Tolmane I., Tomasiewicz K., Valantinas J., Van Damme P., Van Der Meer A.J., Van Thiel I., Van Vlierberghe H., Vince A., Vogel W., Wedemeyer H., Weis N., Wong V.W.S., Yaghi C., Yosry A., Yuen M.-F., Yunihastuti E., Yusuf A., Zuckerman E., Razavi H., Polaris Observ HCV Collaborators, Negro, Francesco, and Ege Üniversitesi
Subjects: Viremia/epidemiology, Population ageing, medicine.medical_specialty, CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD, Delphi Technique, Genotype, Voxilaprevir, Genotype, Global Health, Hepatitis C, Eradication, Modelling study, Medicina Clínica, ddc:616.07, Global Health, Bioinformatics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cost of Illness, Epidemiology, Journal Article, medicine, Global health, Prevalence, Humans, Viremia, 030212 general & internal medicine, Disease Eradication, Disease burden, ddc:616, Hepatology, Hepatitis C, Chronic/epidemiology, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Hepatitis C, Glecaprevir, Hepatitis C, Chronic, medicine.disease, Viremia/epidemiology/genetics, Pibrentasvir, Global Health/statistics & numerical data, HCV, HEPATITIS C, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Medicina Critica y de Emergencia, Human medicine, business, Chronic/epidemiology/genetics/prevention & control, Demography
Abstract: WOS: 000426979400014, PubMed ID: 28404132, Background The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030, which can become a reality with the recent launch of direct acting antiviral therapies. Reliable disease burden estimates are required for national strategies. This analysis estimates the global prevalence of viraemic HCV at the end of 2015, an update of-and expansion on-the 2014 analysis, which reported 80 million (95% CI 64-103) viraemic infections in 2013. Methods We developed country-level disease burden models following a systematic review of HCV prevalence (number of studies, n=6754) and genotype (n=11 342) studies published after 2013. A Delphi process was used to gain country expert consensus and validate inputs. Published estimates alone were used for countries where expert panel meetings could not be scheduled. Global prevalence was estimated using regional averages for countries without data. Findings Models were built for 100 countries, 59 of which were approved by country experts, with the remaining 41 estimated using published data alone. The remaining countries had insufficient data to create a model. The global prevalence of viraemic HCV is estimated to be 1.0% (95% uncertainty interval 0.8-1.1) in 2015, corresponding to 71.1 million (62.5-79.4) viraemic infections. Genotypes 1 and 3 were the most common cause of infections (44% and 25%, respectively). Interpretation The global estimate of viraemic infections is lower than previous estimates, largely due to more recent (lower) prevalence estimates in Africa. Additionally, increased mortality due to liver-related causes and an ageing population may have contributed to a reduction in infections., John C Martin Foundation, John C Martin Foundation.
Published: 2017
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28. Hepatitis C screening in Lithuania: first-year results and scenarios for achieving WHO elimination targets.

Author: Petkevičienė J, Voeller A, Čiupkevičienė E, Razavi-Shearer D, Liakina V, Jančorienė L, Kazėnaitė E, Zaksas V, Urbonas G, and Kupčinskas L
Subjects: Male, Female, Humans, Aged, Lithuania epidemiology, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Hepacivirus, World Health Organization, Fibrosis, Drug Users, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Hepatitis C, Chronic drug therapy, Hepatitis C diagnosis, Hepatitis C epidemiology, Hepatitis C prevention & control
Abstract: Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has outlined a set of targets to achieve eliminating hepatitis C by 2030. In May 2022, Lithuanian health authorities initiated a hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening program to start working towards elimination. In the program, bonus was given to general practitioners (GPs) to promote and conduct anti-HCV tests for two situations: (1) one time testing for individuals born in 1945-1994 and (2) annual HCV testing for persons who inject drugs or are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) regardless of age. This study aimed to model the current viral hepatitis C epidemiological status in Lithuania and to outline the requirements for WHO elimination targets using the first-year HCV screening results., Methods: Individuals were invited to participate in the anti-HCV screening by GPs during routine visits. Patients who tested positive were then referred to a gastroenterologist or infectious disease doctor for further confirmatory testing. If a patient received a positive RNA test and a fibrosis staging result of ≥ F2, the doctor prescribed direct-acting antivirals. Information on the patients screened, diagnosed, and treated was obtained from the National Health Insurance Fund. The Markov disease progression model, developed by the CDA Foundation, was used to evaluate the screening program results and HCV elimination progress in Lithuania., Results: Between May 2022 and April 2023, 790,070 individuals underwent anti-HCV testing, with 11,943 individuals (1.5%) receiving positive results. Anti-HCV seroprevalence was found to be higher among males than females, 1.9% and 1.2%, respectively. Within the risk population tested, 2087 (31.1%) seropositive individuals were identified. When comparing the screening program results to WHO elimination targets through modelling, 2180 patients still need to be treated annually until 2030, along with expanding fibrosis restrictions. If an elimination approach was implemented, 1000 new infections would be prevented, while saving 150 lives and averting 90 decompensated cirrhosis cases and 110 hepatocellular carcinoma cases., Conclusions: During the first year of the Lithuanian screening program, GPs were able to screen 44% of the target population. However, the country will not meet elimination targets as it currently stands without increasing treatment levels and lifting fibrosis restrictions., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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29. Antibiotic resistance in patients with liver cirrhosis: Prevalence and current approach to tackle.

Author: Liakina V
Abstract: Regardless of etiology, complications with bacterial infection in patients with cirrhosis are reported in the range of 25%-46% according to the most recent data. Due to frequent episodes of bacterial infection and repetitive antibiotic treatment, most often with broad-spectrum gram negative coverage, patients with cirrhosis are at increased risk of encountering multidrug resistant bacteria, and this raises concern. In such patients, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales , methicillin- or vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , vancomycin-resistant Enterococci , carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Acinetobacter baumannii , all of which are difficult to treat, are the most common. That is why novel approaches to the prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial infections to avoid antibiotic resistance have recently been developed. At the same time, our knowledge of resistance mechanisms is constantly updated. This review summarizes the current situation regarding the burden of antibiotic resistance, including the prevalence and mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance in bacterial species that most frequently cause complications in patients with liver cirrhosis and recent developments on how to deal with multidrug resistant bacteria., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The author has nothing to declare., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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30. Menstrual cycle abnormalities in women with inflammatory bowel disease and effects of biological therapy on gynecological pathology.

Author: Malinauskiene V, Zuzo A, Liakina V, Kazenaite E, and Stundiene I
Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that affects young individuals in their reproductive years. It may have long-term implications on their reproductive, sexual, and mental health. IBD has been related to menstrual abnormalities. Furthermore, the administration of biological therapy can also result in gynecological issues in addition to the disease itself. The purpose of this review was to present potential menstrual cycle problems in patients with IBD, as well as the impact of adalimumab and other anti-tumor necrosis factor medications on gynecological pathology., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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31. Effects of COVID-19 on the liver: The experience of a single center.

Author: Liakina V, Stundiene I, Milaknyte G, Bytautiene R, Reivytyte R, Puronaite R, Urbanoviciute G, and Kazenaite E
Subjects: United States, Humans, Male, Female, SARS-CoV-2, Inflammation complications, COVID-19 complications, COVID-19 epidemiology, Pneumonia, Viral complications, Liver Failure, Acute complications
Abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was perhaps the most severe global health crisis in living memory. Alongside respiratory symptoms, elevated liver enzymes, abnormal liver function, and even acute liver failure were reported in patients suffering from severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 pneumonia. However, the precise triggers of these forms of liver damage and how they affect the course and outcomes of COVID-19 itself remain unclear., Aim: To analyze the impact of liver enzyme abnormalities on the severity and outcomes of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients., Methods: In this study, 684 depersonalized medical records from patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the 2020-2021 period were analyzed. COVID-19 was diagnosed according to the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health (2021). Patients were assigned to two groups: those with elevated liver enzymes (Group 1: 603 patients), where at least one out of four liver enzymes were elevated (following the norm of hospital laboratory tests: alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥ 40, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≥ 40, gamma-glutamyl transferase ≥ 36, or alkaline phosphatase ≥ 150) at any point of hospitalization, from admission to discharge; and the control group (Group 2: 81 patients), with normal liver enzymes during hospitalization. COVID-19 severity was assessed according to the interim World Health Organization guidance (2022). Data on viral pneumonia complications, laboratory tests, and underlying diseases were also collected and analyzed., Results: In total, 603 (88.2%) patients produced abnormal liver test results. ALT and AST levels were elevated by a factor of less than 3 in 54.9% and 74.8% of cases with increased enzyme levels, respectively. Patients in Group 1 had almost double the chance of bacterial viral pneumonia complications [odds ratio (OR) = 1.73, P = 0.0217], required oxygen supply more often, and displayed higher biochemical inflammation indices than those in Group 2. No differences in other COVID-19 complications or underlying diseases were observed between groups. Preexisting hepatitis of a different etiology was rarely documented (in only 3.5% of patients), and had no impact on the severity of COVID-19. Only 5 (0.73%) patients experienced acute liver failure, 4 of whom died. Overall, the majority of the deceased patients (17 out of 20) had elevated liver enzymes, and most were male. All deceased patients had at least one underlying disease or combination thereof, and the deceased suffered significantly more often from heart diseases, hypertension, and urinary tract infections than those who made recoveries. Alongside male gender (OR = 1.72, P = 0.0161) and older age (OR = 1.02, P = 0.0234), diabetes (OR = 3.22, P = 0.0016) and hyperlipidemia (OR = 2.67, P = 0.0238), but not obesity, were confirmed as independent factors associated with more a severe COVID-19 infection in our cohort., Conclusion: In our study, the presence of liver impairment allows us to predict a more severe inflammation with a higher risk of bacterial complication and worse outcomes of COVID-19. Therefore, patients with severe disease forms should have their liver tests monitored regularly and their results should be considered when selecting treatment to avoid further liver damage or even insufficiency., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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32. Gut microbiota contribution to hepatocellular carcinoma manifestation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Author: Liakina V, Strainiene S, Stundiene I, Maksimaityte V, and Kazenaite E
Abstract: Recently, the gut microbiota has been recognized as an obvious active player in addition to liver steatosis/steatohepatitis in the pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even in the absence of cirrhosis. Evidence from clinical and experimental studies shows the association of specific changes in the gut microbiome and the direct contribution to maintaining liver inflammation and/or cancerogenesis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-induced HCC. The composition of the gut microbiota differs significantly in obese and lean individuals, especially in the abundance of pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide-producing phyla, and, after establishing steatohepatitis, it undergoes minor changes during the progression of the disease toward advanced fibrosis. Experimental studies proved that the microbiota of obese subjects can induce steatohepatitis in normally fed mice. On the contrary, the transplantation of healthy microbiota to obese mice relieves steatosis. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings and the mechanisms involved. In this review, we have evaluated well-documented clinical and experimental research on the role of the gut microbiota in the manifestation and promotion of HCC in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Furthermore, a literature review of microbiota alterations and consequences of dysbiosis for the promotion of NASH-induced HCC was performed, and the advantages and limitations of the microbiota as an early marker of the diagnosis of HCC were discussed., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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33. Management of Flood syndrome: What can we do better?

Author: Strainiene S, Peciulyte M, Strainys T, Stundiene I, Savlan I, Liakina V, and Valantinas J
Subjects: Ascites, Floods, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Hernia, Umbilical
Abstract: Approximately 20% of cirrhotic patients with ascites develop umbilical herniation. These patients usually suffer from multisystemic complications of cirrhosis, have a significantly higher risk of infection, and require accurate surveillance- especially in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The rupture of an umbilical hernia, is an uncommon, life-threatening complication of large-volume ascites and end-stage liver disease resulting in spontaneous paracentesis, also known as Flood syndrome. Flood syndrome remains a challenging condition for clinicians, as recommendations for its management are lacking, and the available evidence for the best treatment approach remains controversial. In this paper, four key questions are addressed regarding the management and prevention of Flood syndrome: (1) Which is the best treatment approach-conservative treatment or urgent surgery? (2) How can we establish the individual risk for herniation and possible hernia rupture in cirrhotic patients? (3) How can we prevent umbilical hernia ruptures? And (4) How can we manage these patients in the conditions created by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic?, Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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34. Complicated course of biliary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor mimicking hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A case report and literature review.

Author: Strainiene S, Sedleckaite K, Jarasunas J, Savlan I, Stanaitis J, Stundiene I, Strainys T, Liakina V, and Valantinas J
Abstract: Background: The inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare, idiopathic, usually benign, mass-forming disease with myofibroblastic proliferation and a varying amount of inflammatory cells. Although it can affect various organs, the biliary tract is a rare localization of primary IMT, clinically, endoscopically and radiologically imitating cholangiocarcinoma. The treatment options are based only on clinical practice experience., Case Summary: A 70-year-old woman was referred to our center due to progressive fatigue, weight loss, abdominal pain, night sweats, and elevated liver enzymes. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) revealed proximal common hepatic duct and hilar biliary strictures extending bilaterally to lobular bile ducts. Although initial clinical, endoscopic and radiological signs were typical for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, histological examination showed no signs of malignancy. In total, 8 biopsies using different approaches were performed (several biopsies from dominant stricture during ERCP and direct cholangioscopy; ultrasound-guided liver biopsy; diagnostic laparoscopy with liver and lymph node biopsies). Histological examination revealed signs of IMT, and the final diagnosis of biliary IMT was stated. Although IMT is usually a benign disease, in our case, it was complicated. All pharmacological treatment measures were ineffective. The patient still needs permanent stenting, suffers from recurrent infections and mechanical jaundice. Despite that, the patient already survived 24 mo., Conclusion: IMT presenting with hilar biliary strictures is a unique diagnostic and clinical challenge as it is indistinguishable from cholangiocarcinoma, and there are no evidence-based treatment options. Our goal is to increase the understanding of this rare disease and its possible course., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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35. Paraneoplastic Phenomena of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy in Hepatic Angiosarcoma - Rare, Challenging and Fatal. Case Report and Literature Review.

Author: Strainienė S, Jauniškis K, Savlan I, Pamedys J, Stundienė I, Liakina V, and Valantinas J
Abstract: Background: Hepatic angiosarcoma is an uncommon, malignant, primary liver tumor, comprising 2% of liver cancers and accounting for < 1% of all sarcomas. Patients usually present with nonspecific symptoms, such as fatigue, weight loss, right upper quadrant pain, anemia, which leads to late diagnosis of an advanced stage tumor. The median life expectancy after the diagnosis of hepatic angiosarcoma is about 6 months, with only 3% of patients surviving more than 2 years. Liver failure and hemoperitoneum are the leading causes of death in patients with liver angiosarcoma. In rarer cases, it might cause paraneoplastic syndromes such as disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. The treatment of angiosarcomas is complicated as there are no established and effective treatment guidelines due to the tumor's low frequency and aggressive nature., Case Summary: We present the case of a 68-year old woman who was admitted to the hospital due to fatigue and severe anemia (hemoglobin 65 g/l). Laboratory results also revealed high-grade thrombocytopenia (8 × 10 9 /l). The abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography scan showed multiple lesions throughout the liver, spleen and kidneys. After the histological examination of the liver biopsy, the patient was diagnosed with hepatic angiosarcoma. The treatment with first-line chemotherapy (doxorubicin) was initiated despite ongoing paraneoplastic syndrome - disseminative intravascular coagulopathy. However, the disease was terminal, and the patient died 2 months since diagnosed., Conclusions: Hepatic angiosarcoma is a rare and terminal tumor. Therefore, knowledge about its manifestations and effective treatment methods is lacking. Disseminative intravascular coagulopathy is a unique clinical characteristic of angiosarcoma seen in a subset of patients., (Copyright © 2021 Sandra Strainienė, Kipras Jaunškis, Ilona Savlan, Justinas Pamedys, Ieva Stundienė, Valentina Liakina, Jonas Valantinas.)
Published: 2021
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36. Multi-organ IgG4-related disease continues to mislead clinicians: A case report and literature review.

Author: Strainiene S, Sarlauskas L, Savlan I, Liakina V, Stundiene I, and Valantinas J
Abstract: Background: Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multisystemic mass forming immune-mediated disease that affects almost every organ and is a diagnostic challenge for every clinician. There is a lack of adequate epidemiological data worldwide, and evidence-based treatment recommendations are not yet established. We report the first case of IgG4-RD from Lithuania and the Baltic Sea region presented with thyroiditis, orbital myositis, orbitopathy, uveitis, scleritis, sialadenitis, autoimmune pancreatitis and prostatitis., Case Summary: A 54-year-old Caucasian male was admitted to our tertiary Centre complaining of severe weight loss, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, salivary gland swelling, sicca symptoms and diplopia. On examination, bilateral palpable masses in the projection of major salivary glands, severe protrusion of the left eyeball and cachexia were noted. The patient was previously diagnosed with autoimmune thyroiditis and endocrine ophthalmopathy. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head revealed enlarged extraocular muscles indicating orbital myositis. The biopsy from the salivary gland mass indicated sialadenitis. Abdominal MRI showed signs of autoimmune pancreatitis, and a serological test revealed the elevated serum IgG4 concentration. The patient was then diagnosed with IgG4-RD and successfully treated with prednisolone. There was a significant clinical, serological and radiological improvement after one month of treatment and no signs of relapse within twenty months. However, it took almost 18 years and the efforts of eight different medical specialists to establish the correct diagnosis., Conclusion: A comprehensive approach to the patient is essential to improving the recognition of rare immune system conditions, such as IgG4-RD., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2020
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37. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma simulating Crohn's disease: A case report.

Author: Stundiene I, Maksimaityte V, Liakina V, and Valantinas J
Abstract: Background: Differential diagnosis between extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and inflammatory bowel disease is mainly based on histopathologic evaluation of intestinal biopsies, although there is no single definitive diagnostic investigation and that circumstance can lead to misdiagnosis in particular cases. Herein we present a rare, ulcerative form of marginal zone lymphoma which mimics the Crohn's disease (CD) of upper digestive tract., Case Summary: A 50-year-old man was presented with recurrent episodes of malaise and melena also weight loss. Enteroscopy of the small bowel demonstrated an ulcer in the jejunum. Microscopically, biopsies showed lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Diagnosis of CD was made. Primary treatment consisted of prednisone and azathioprine and was followed by azathioprine 100 mg per day with good clinical response in the following 2 years until relapse. At this time the results of endoscopic biopsies derived from proximal wall of stomach revealed Helicobacter pylori -negative marginal zone lymphoma of the gastric fundus. Immunophenotyping confirmed atypical CD20-positive cell population. Based on these biopsies, marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue was diagnosed. Unfortunately, the contact with the patient was lost until one year later he was hospitalized with nausea, vomiting and severe pain because of gastrointestinal perforation. Four months later after laparotomy, the patient was treated with a course of chemotherapy. Complete remission was observed following 6 cycles of treatment., Conclusion: This case report highlights the clinical relevance of knowledge and awareness of marginal zone lymphoma simulating CD., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2020
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38. Liver cirrhosis and left ventricle diastolic dysfunction: Systematic review.

Author: Stundiene I, Sarnelyte J, Norkute A, Aidietiene S, Liakina V, Masalaite L, and Valantinas J
Subjects: Diastole physiology, Heart Ventricles physiopathology, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis diagnosis, Prevalence, Severity of Illness Index, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left diagnosis, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left etiology, Liver Cirrhosis complications, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Liver cirrhosis is a chronic hepatic disease which is associated with cardiovascular abnormalities. Hyperdynamic circulation in liver cirrhosis causes functional and structural cardiac alterations. The prevalence of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in cirrhotic patients ranges from 25.7% to as high as 81.4% as reported in different studies. In several studies the severity of diastolic dysfunction (DD) correlated with a degree of liver failure and the rate of dysfunction was higher in patients with decompensated cirrhosis compared with compensated. Future directions of comprehensive assessment of cardiac function in cirrhotic patients might provide a better prognosis for these patients., Aim: To clarify the correlation between the severity of liver cirrhosis and left ventricle diastolic dysfunction in the existing literature., Methods: Through January and February of 2019 at Vilnius University we conducted a systematic review of the global existing literature on the prevalence of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction in patients with liver cirrhosis. We searched for articles in PubMed, Medline and Web of science databases. Articles were selected by using adequate inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our interest was the outcome of likely correlation between the severity of cirrhosis [evaluated by Child-Pugh classes, Model For End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores] and left ventricle diastolic dysfunction [classified according to American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) guidelines (2009, 2016)], as well as relative risk of dysfunction in cirrhotic patients. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the ratio and grades of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction with respect to cirrhosis severity., Results: A total of 1149 articles and abstracts met the initial search criteria. Sixteen articles which met the predefined eligibility criteria were included in the final analysis. Overall, 1067 patients (out of them 723 men) with liver cirrhosis were evaluated for left ventricle diastolic dysfunction. In our systemic analysis we have found that 51.2% of cirrhotic patients had left ventricle diastolic dysfunction diagnosed and the grade 1 was the most prevalent (59.2%, P < 0.001) among them, the grade 3 had been rarely diagnosed - only 5.1%. The data about the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in cirrhotic patients depending on Child-Pugh Classes was available from 5 studies (365 patients overall) and only in 1 research diastolic dysfunction was found being associated with severity of liver cirrhosis ( P < 0.005). We established that diastolic dysfunction was diagnosed in 44.6% of Child-Pugh A class patients, in 62% of Child B class and in 63.3% of Child C patients ( P = 0.028). The proportion of patients with higher diastolic dysfunction grades increases in more severe cirrhosis presentation ( P < 0.001). There was no difference between mean MELD scores in patients with and without diastolic dysfunction and in different diastolic dysfunction groups. In all studies diastolic dysfunction was more frequent in patients with ascites., Conclusion: This systemic analysis suggests that left ventricle diastolic dysfunction is an attribute of liver cirrhosis which has not received sufficient attention from clinicians so far. Future suggestions of a comprehensive assessment of cardiac function in cirrhotic patients might provide a better prognosis for these patients and give hint for better understanding of the left ventricle diastolic dysfunction pathogenesis in liver cirrhosis., Competing Interests: Peer-review started: April 22, 2019
Published: 2019
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39. Impact of the Uridine⁻Cytidine Kinase Like-1 Protein and IL28B rs12979860 and rs8099917 SNPs on the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhotic Chronic Hepatitis C Patients-A Pilot Study.

Author: Buivydiene A, Liakina V, Kashuba E, Norkuniene J, Jokubauskiene S, Gineikiene E, and Valantinas J
Subjects: Adult, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular pathology, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Interferons, Interleukins blood, Liver Neoplasms pathology, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prognosis, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular genetics, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular virology, Hepacivirus, Hepatitis C, Chronic complications, Interleukins genetics, Liver Cirrhosis complications, Liver Cirrhosis virology, Liver Neoplasms genetics, Liver Neoplasms virology, Uridine Kinase genetics
Abstract: Background and objectives : The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major causative agent of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the western world. The efficacy of surveillance programs for early detection of HCC is not satisfactory: many tumors are diagnosed at the late, incurable stages. Therefore, there is a need in reliable prognostic markers for the proper follow-up of HCV-positive patients. The aim of the present study was to assess the prognostic value of the uridine⁻cytidine kinase-like protein 1 (UCKL-1), a putative oncoprotein, together with genetically determined polymorphisms in the interleukin 28B (IL28B) gene (rs12979860, rs8099917) in the development of HCC in HCV-positive cirrhotic patients. Materials and Methods : We included 32 HCV cirrhotic patients, 21 (65.6%) of whom had HCC. The expression of UCKL-1 was assessed in liver tissue sections, using immunohistochemistry. For IL28B rs12979860 and rs8099917 genotype analysis, the corresponding genomic regions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with appropriate primers. Results: We have found that UCKL-1 expression was significantly increased in HCC ( p = 0.003). The presence of rs8099917 TT single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) elevated the chances of HCC manifestation more than sevenfold (OR = 7.3, p = 0.0273). The presence of rs12979860 CC SNP also heightened HCC chances more than sevenfold (OR = 7.5, p = 0.0765). Moreover, in the HCC group, a combination of IL28B rs12979860 non-TT and rs8099917 TT genotypes was observed more often, compared with the non-HCC group. Other combinations of IL28B rs12979860 and rs8099917 SNIPs were associated with a reduced risk of HCC development, approximately at the same extent. Conclusions : The presence of IL28B rs8099917 TT and rs12979860 CC SNPs, but not the intensity of UCKL-1 expression, is strongly associated with increased chances of HCC development in HCV-positive cirrhotic patients.
Published: 2018
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40. Three-Year Durability of Immune Responses Induced by HIV-DNA and HIV-Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara and Effect of a Late HIV-Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Boost in Tanzanian Volunteers.

Author: Joachim A, Munseri PJ, Nilsson C, Bakari M, Aboud S, Lyamuya EF, Tecleab T, Liakina V, Scarlatti G, Robb ML, Earl PL, Moss B, Wahren B, Mhalu F, Ferrari G, Sandstrom E, and Biberfeld G
Subjects: AIDS Vaccines administration & dosage, Adult, Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity, Drug Carriers, Female, HIV Antibodies blood, Healthy Volunteers, Humans, Immunization Schedule, Interferon-gamma metabolism, Male, Middle Aged, Tanzania, Time Factors, Vaccines, DNA administration & dosage, Vaccines, Synthetic administration & dosage, Vaccines, Synthetic immunology, Vaccinia virus genetics, AIDS Vaccines immunology, Adaptive Immunity, HIV-1 immunology, Immunization, Secondary, Vaccines, DNA immunology
Abstract: We explored the duration of immune responses and the effect of a late third HIV-modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) boost in HIV-DNA primed and HIV-MVA boosted Tanzanian volunteers. Twenty volunteers who had previously received three HIV-DNA and two HIV-MVA immunizations were given a third HIV-MVA immunization 3 years after the second HIV-MVA boost. At the time of the third HIV-MVA, 90% of the vaccinees had antibodies to HIV-1 subtype C gp140 (median titer 200) and 85% to subtype B gp160 (median titer 100). The majority of vaccinees had detectable antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-mediating antibodies, 70% against CRF01_AE virus-infected cells (median titer 239) and 84% against CRF01_AE gp120-coated cells (median titer 499). A high proportion (74%) of vaccinees had IFN-γ ELISpot responses, 63% to Gag and 42% to Env, 3 years after the second HIV-MVA boost. After the third HIV-MVA, there was an increase in Env-binding antibodies and ADCC-mediating antibodies relative to the response seen at the time of the third HIV-MVA vaccination, p < .0001 and p < .05, respectively. The frequency of IFN-γ ELISpot responses increased to 95% against Gag or Env and 90% to both Gag and Env, p = .064 and p = .002, respectively. In conclusion, the HIV-DNA prime/HIV-MVA boost regimen elicited potent antibody and cellular immune responses with remarkable durability, and a third HIV-MVA immunization significantly boosted both antibody and cellular immune responses relative to the levels detected at the time of the third HIV-MVA, but not to higher levels than after the second HIV-MVA.
Published: 2017
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41. Expression Levels of the Uridine-Cytidine Kinase Like-1 Protein As a Novel Prognostic Factor for Hepatitis C Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinomas.

Author: Buivydiene A, Liakina V, Valantinas J, Norkuniene J, Mockiene E, Jokubauskiene S, Smaliukiene R, Jancoriene L, Kovalevska L, and Kashuba E
Abstract: The expression levels of the two novel oncoproteins uridine-cytidine kinase like-1 (UCKL-1) and mitochondrial ribosomal protein S18-2 (MRPS18-2) were assessed in samples of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using immunohistochemistry. Tissue microarray (TMA) paraffin blocks were prepared from 42 HCC tumor samples with the corresponding peri-tumor tissues and from 11 tissues of a liver with HCV-induced cirrhosis. We found that the UCKL-1 signal in the liver tissues of the peri-tumor zone in the HCC samples was stronger than that in cirrhosis (50 ± 49.44 vs. 24.27 ± 14.53; p = 0.014). The MRPS18-2 expression was weak, and there was no differences between the groups ( p = 0.26). Noteworthy, the UCKL-1 protein was expressed at higher levels in peri-tumor tissues in the cases of HCC recurrence; this was confirmed for 27 older patients (63.78 ± 9.22 vs. 53.53 ± 4.07 years, p < 0.001), in parallel with enhanced UCKL-1 staining in former HCC nodules (62.69 ± 50.4 vs. 26.0 ± 30.19, p = 0.006) and microvascular invasion ( p = 0.02). A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for HCC recurrence showed that the best predictive factors for these conditions were UCKL-1 expression in tumor, vascular invasion, and HCC treatment modality, other than liver transplantation (odds ratios: 1.029, 18.143 and 11.984, R 2 = 0.633, p = 0.002). In conclusion, the high UCKL-1 expression might be a prognostic factor for HCC relapse, in combination with age and microvascular invasion. MRPS18-2 protein expression has no prognostic significance in the cases of HCV-associated HCC.
Published: 2017

42. Concise review of current concepts on nomenclature and pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy.

Author: Savlan I, Liakina V, and Valantinas J
Subjects: Ammonia metabolism, Cognition, Hepatic Encephalopathy etiology, Humans, Manganese metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Quality of Life, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid metabolism, Hepatic Encephalopathy classification, Hepatic Encephalopathy metabolism, Liver Cirrhosis complications
Abstract: Hepatic encephalopathy is a neuropsychiatric complication of liver cirrhosis the symptoms of which may vary from imperceptible to severe, invaliding, and even lethal. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is also important because of its tendency to impair patients' cognitive functions and quality of life. The polyetiological pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy is intensively studied. A general consensus exists that not only excess of ammonia but also inflammatory, oxidative, and other processes are significant in the development of hepatic encephalopathy., (Copyright © 2014 Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z o.o. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2014
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43. Metabolic changes one year after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding operation in morbidly obese subjects.

Author: Visockiene Z, Brimas G, Abaliksta T, Siauliene L, Liakina V, and Strupas K
Abstract: Introduction: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is effective for weight reduction in severely obese patients. However, the data about its effect on metabolic syndrome (MS) are limited., Aim: To assess weight loss and changes of metabolic parameters 1 year after LAGB in a prospective, nonrandomized single center cohort study in morbidly obese subjects., Material and Methods: Physical examination, body weight (BW) parameters and metabolic profile were assessed at baseline and 1 year after LAGB in morbidly obese subjects. The incidence of MS was evaluated according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria., Results: One year after the operation data from 90 patients out of 103 were available. Mean excess weight (EW) loss of 33.1% was associated with a significant improvement in all metabolic parameters: decrease of hypertension by 15.8%, hypertriglyceridemia by 42.6%, and hyperglycemia by 46.3%; and increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol by 48.3%. This resulted in the resolution of MS in 44.2% of subjects. The significant change in the distribution of MS components was observed with the highest frequency of 4 components before and 2 components after surgery. Patients with MS at baseline lost 29.9% of EW compared to 44.3% in those without MS (p = 0.009)., Conclusions: The LAGB resulted in effective reduction of BW parameters in morbidly obese subjects 1 year after the operation. Along with the weight loss, resolution of MS and a significant shift towards decrease in the number of MS components was observed. Patients with MS were more resistant to the weight loss.
Published: 2013
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44. Anti-HCV prevalence in the general population of Lithuania.

Author: Liakina V and Valantinas J
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Hepacivirus immunology, Hepatitis C blood, Hepatitis C epidemiology, Humans, Lithuania epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Young Adult, Hepacivirus isolation & purification, Hepatitis C Antibodies blood, Seroepidemiologic Studies
Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to assess risk factors for HCV acquisition and prevalence of anti-HCV in the general population of Lithuania., Material/methods: The study enrolled 1528 randomly selected adults from the 5 biggest cities of Lithuania and its rural regions. Screening for anti-HCV was performed by analysis of peripheral capillary blood with lateral flow immunochromatography and confirmation of positive cases by peripheral venous blood testing with 2-step chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay., Results: Anti-HCV prevalence in Lithuania is 2.78% and according to the standard European population the adjusted anti-HCV rate is 2.85%. It is more prevalent among men (crude rates: 4.02% males vs. 1.49% females, p=.0030) and this does not depend on age. Vilnius and Kaunas regions have higher infection rates than smaller rural regions (2.92% and 3.01% vs. 2.24%, 0.74% and 1.35%). Nowadays among our population HCV infection spreads mainly via intravenous drug use (OR=42.5, p<.0001). HCV transmission occurs through blood transfusions (OR=6.4, p=.0002), tooth removal (OR=4.1, p=.0048), childbirth (OR=5.0, p=.0224), multiple and a long-term hospitalization (OR=3.0, p=.0064), tattooing (OR=4.4, p=.0013), open traumas (OR=3.7, p=.0009) and intrafamilially (OR=11.3, p=.0002)., Conclusions: 2.78% of the population is anti-HCV-positive. The anti-HCV rate is higher in Vilnius and Kaunas in comparison with other regions. HCV spreads mainly through intravenous drug use, but intrafamilial and some nosocomial routes are also important. The anti-HCV prevalence did not depend on age. Despite active prevention of nosocomial HCV transmission, the incidence of HCV infection does not decrease due to virus spread mostly in "trusted networks" of intravenous drug users.
Published: 2012
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45. Expression of cytokeratin 7 as a histological marker of cholestasis and stages of primary biliary cirrhosis.

Author: Barakauskienė A, Speičienė D, Liakina V, Semuchinienė T, and Valantinas J
Subjects: Aged, Biomarkers analysis, Biomarkers metabolism, Cholestasis metabolism, Female, Histological Techniques, Humans, Keratin-7 analysis, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary metabolism, Male, Middle Aged, Cholestasis pathology, Keratin-7 metabolism, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary pathology
Abstract: Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to estimate cytokeratin 7 (CK-7) expression in biopsy specimens of patients with different stages of primary biliary cirrhosis and clinicopathological patterns (cholestatic and hepatitic) and its correlation with some biochemical and pathological parameters and to examine a diagnostic value of CK-7 expression., Material and Methods: A total of 82 biopsy specimens of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were analyzed. CK-7 expression was graded by 4 grades depending on the extent into parenchymal areas and bile duct epithelium. The correlations of CK-7 expression grade with copper deposition, bile duct/portal tract ratio, bilirubin concentration, and activity of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were studied. CK-7 expression was evaluated as a marker of cholestasis (cholestatic pattern) and inflammation (hepatitic pattern)., Results: A positive correlation of CK-7 expression grade with copper-binding protein grade (r=0.698, P<0.0001; OR=6.199, P<0.0001), serum bilirubin level (r=0.375, P=0.001), and alkaline phosphatase activity (r=0.276, p=0.014) was found. CK-7 expression grades correlated positively with histological stages of primary biliary cirrhosis (r=0.639, P<0.000) and negatively with granulomas (r=-0.432, P<0.0001; OR=0.173, P=0.0011)., Conclusions: CK-7 expression is a sensitive marker of bile duct injury, which correlated well with histological stages of primary biliary cirrhosis, copper deposits, and biochemical markers of cholestasis: serum bilirubin level and alkaline phosphatase activity. Evaluation of CK-7 expression may improve the diagnosis of this serious and progressive disease. It is recommended to evaluate copper staining together with cytokeratin 7 expression in liver biopsy specimens for more precise diagnostic evaluation of asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis.
Published: 2011

46. Changes in hepatitis C virus infection routes and genotype distribution in a Lithuanian cohort with chronic hepatitis C.

Author: Liakina V, Speiciene D, Irnius A, and Valantinas J
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Female, Genotype, Hepatitis C, Chronic epidemiology, Hepatitis C, Chronic virology, Hospitalization, Humans, Lithuania epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Substance Abuse, Intravenous complications, Tattooing adverse effects, Young Adult, Hepacivirus genetics, Hepatitis C, Chronic transmission
Abstract: Background: We evaluated the distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes and determined their association with routes of infection according to the sex and age of the study subjects., Material/methods: We studied 1158 patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatitis C virus antibodies were detected with a microparticle enzyme immunoassay, hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid was identified via polymerase chain reaction, and hepatitis C virus genotypes were determined with a line probe assay. An anonymous questionnaire completed by all subjects included the date of chronic hepatitis C diagnosis, the age and sex of the patient, the hepatitis C virus genotype and subtype, and possible routes of infection., Results: Of the patients studied, 50.9% had more than 1 possible route of infection, 41.2% had a single route of infection, and 7.9% had an unknown route of infection. The most common hepatitis C transmission routes were intravenous drug use and tattoos in younger patients and surgery or long or multiple hospitalizations in older patients. The genotype distribution was as follows: genotype 1, 65.0% of patients; genotype 2, 26.3%; and genotype 3, 8.7%. The transmission of genotype 1 was associated primarily with surgery and that of genotype 3 was linked with intravenous drug use., Conclusions: Today, the main routes of hepatitis C virus transmission are intravenous drug use and tattoos. Some hepatitis C infections are associated with surgery or are acquired from a family member. The shift in transmission pathways predetermined the shift in hepatitis C virus genotypes from 1 to 3.
Published: 2009

47. Association of the prevalence and grade of steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C with the host and viral factors.

Author: Liakina V, Speiciené D, Irnius A, Semuchiniené T, and Valantinas J
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Alcoholism epidemiology, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, Disease Progression, Fatty Liver classification, Fatty Liver virology, Female, Hepacivirus genetics, Humans, Lithuania epidemiology, Liver Cirrhosis epidemiology, Liver Cirrhosis virology, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity epidemiology, Overweight epidemiology, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Fatty Liver epidemiology, Hepatitis C, Chronic epidemiology
Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatosteatosis in chronic hepatitis C patients, evaluate the potential impact of some host- and virus-related factors on its occurrence and possible influence of steatosis on the consequences of hepatitis., Patients and Methods: The case records of 387 patients with hepatitis C and cirrhosis were studied. The prevalence and grade of steatosis were investigated and evaluated by logistic regression analysis as dependent variable to age, gender, alcohol consumption, body mass index, hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes, liver enzymes activity, histological activity index and fibrosis., Results: Steatosis was found in 47.3% of the patients. It was more prevalent in males, alcohol abusers, overweight and obese patients, and in those with HCV genotypes 3 and 2. Multivariate analysis confirmed body mass index as an independent risk factor for steatosis in the overall patient cohort and in those with genotypel without any correlation with the steatosis grade. The prevalence and grade of steatosis were associated with alcohol consumption and higher fibrosis stage. The age of the patients showed converse association., Conclusions: The male gender, body mass index, alcohol consumption, genotype 2 and 3 were confirmed as risk factors for hepatosteatosis. Older patients had a lesser steatosis grade. The correlation of histological activity index and fibrosis scores with the prevalence and higher grade of steatosis suggested a possibility to worsen the course of hepatitis C and to accelerate disease progression.
Published: 2007

48. Primary biliary cirrhosis in Lithuania: diagnosis and clinical picture.

Author: Speiciene D, Irnius A, Leuschner U, Liakina V, Semuchiniene T, and Barakauskiene A
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alkaline Phosphatase metabolism, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin M blood, Lithuania, Liver metabolism, Liver pathology, Male, Medical Records, Middle Aged, Mitochondria metabolism, Retrospective Studies, Sex Factors, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary diagnosis, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary epidemiology
Abstract: Background: The rising detection and considerable geographical variation of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in some regions demand increased awareness of the disease. The aim was to analyze the clinical, biochemical, immunological, and histological criteria of PBC patients in Lithuania and evaluate the patterns of disease presentation and histological features., Material/methods: One hundred thirty-one PBC patients were examined and followed in the Center of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Dietetics, Vilnius University Hospital. Their case records were evaluated in this retrospective record-review study., Results: Most of the patients were women (94.6%) older than 50 years with late stages of PBC. Men were significantly older and had a threefold shorter duration from disease presentation to diagnosis (4.0+/-0.4 vs. 1.4+/-0.4 years). 29.8% of patients had asymptomatic disease at presentation and at diagnosis, were older than the symptomatic ones, and presented with significantly lower prevalence of jaundice, skin signs, and lower alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, but higher frequency of sicca syndrome. Antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) positivity was found in 91.7%, bile duct lesions in all patients, while the frequency of histological signs of cholestasis (except copper accumulation) was lower. No significant differences in these parameters in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients were found., Conclusions: Most PBC patients in Lithuania were at late histological stages, with a predominance of females older than 50 years and long duration from disease presentation to diagnosis. One third of these PBC patients initially had asymptomatic course, with some differences in clinical signs and their prevalence compared with initially symptomatic patients.
Published: 2007

49. Prevalence of cryoglobulinemia in patients with chronic HCV infection.

Author: Liakina V, Speiciene D, Irnius A, Naraskeviciene J, Barakauskiene A, and Semuchiniene T
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Female, Fibrosis complications, Humans, Liver metabolism, Male, Middle Aged, Cryoglobulinemia complications, Cryoglobulins metabolism, Hepatitis C complications
Abstract: Background: The purpose of our research was to determine the prevalence of cryoglobulins in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) at different levels of activity and stage of fibrosis and to identify their association with the extrahepatic clinical manifestations., Material/methods: 87 patients with CHC were investigated for the presence of cryoglobulins. Cryocrit was measured by the Weiner method. AntiHCV, HCV RNR, conventional biochemical tests and liver biopsy were also performed., Results: Cryoglobulins were found in a total of 44 patients: 16 from Group I, 11 from Group II, and 17 from Group III. A low level of cryoglobulinemia (Cg) (cryocritL2%) was detected in 16 patients: 9 from Group I, 3 from Group II, and 4 from Group III. Moreover, a high Cg (cryocrit >5-10%) or very high Cg (cryocrit >10%) was found in a total of 13 patients: 1 patient from Group I, 3 from Group II, and 9 from Group III. Cryo positivity was found in 5 patients with F 1-2, in 13 with F 2-3, in 4 with F 3-4, and in 17 with F 4., Conclusions: Our findings confirmed the high prevalence of Cg in CHC patients in Lithuania, a clear association between Cg and the stage of fibrosis, the higher prevalence of Cg in cirrhotic patients, and the occurrence of several typical extrahepatic manifestations. The impact of Cg on the course of chronic hepatitis C is not clearly understood; therefore, further studies are needed to clarify this issue.
Published: 2002

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